Low Achievement Levels Research Articles

The Stability of Linguistic Skills of Arabic-Speaking Children Between Kindergarten and First Grade.

This study aimed to evaluate the stability of phonological awareness (PA) and language achievements between kindergarten and first grade among Arabic-speaking children. A total of 1,158 children were assessed in PA and language skills in both grades and were classified based on distinct and integrated achievements on PA and language following percentiles' cutoff criteria. The classification of distinct achievements constituted high, intermediate, low, and very low achievement-based groups for each domain. The classification of the integrated achievements on both domains constituted four groups: intermediate-high PA and language, very low PA, very low language, and doubly low (very low PA and language). Descriptive statistics and McNemar's tests were used to examine the stability of these groups. The analyses showed a significant improvement in achievements on most tasks. The distinct classification for PA and language indicated that many more kindergarteners in the extreme distribution with high and very low achievement levels maintained this profile in first grade compared to those with intermediate achievements. For PA, 55.7% of kindergarteners with high, 30% with intermediate, 30.4% with low, and 45.5% with very low achievements maintained their achievements in first grade. For language, 52.5% of kindergarteners with high, 34.5% with intermediate, 38.8% with low, and 59.8% with very low achievements maintained their language achievements. The integrated classification indicated a higher achievement stability rate for kindergarteners with intermediate-high PA and language (91.3%) and for doubly low achievers (84.7%) compared to very low PA (24.1%) or very low language (31.8%) achievers. The study indicated a higher variability in the distribution of the intermediate achievements compared to the high and very low achievements, which were more stable across grade. The results emphasize the need for dynamic linguistic assessments and early intervention for children with very low achievements in PA and language who show a poor prognosis.

Context counts: Unveiling the impact of achievement level on teachers’ text assessment

BackgroundTeachers' assessments of student writing proficiency are essential for adaptive instruction and providing feedback. However, studies have revealed a lack of objectivity in text quality ratings of the same text in different contexts, although texts of identical quality should receive identical teacher judgments. AimsOur two studies – one experimental and one more ecologically valid – address whether the achievement level impacts teachers’ individual text assessments even when relevant explicit criteria are used. SamplesIn Study 1, participants were 102 student teachers from a university in Germany. In Study 2, participants were 136 student teachers and 91 experienced teachers from Germany. MethodsIn Study 1, participants were randomly assigned to two groups. Student teachers in the high-achievement level group assessed three high-quality texts and one standard text with average quality. Student teachers in the low-achievement level group assessed three low-quality texts and the same standard text with average quality. Participants in Study 2 assessed ten texts randomly drawn from a large corpus. ResultsThe comparison of the standard text in Study 1 showed that student teachers in the high-level achievement group assessed it more negatively on a holistic scale and three analytic scales compared to the low-level achievement group. Multi-level data analysis in Study 2 revealed a negative influence of the quality of the achievement level on the text assessment for experienced and for student teachers. ConclusionsWe discuss how the achievement level can bias teachers’ judgments of specific student performances when concrete assessment criteria should be used.

Burnout and resilience among physical therapy students: a cross-sectional study.

This study aimed to examine the prevalence of burnout, determine burnout-related factors, investigate resilience levels, and assess the relationship between burnout and resilience among physical therapy (PT) students at King Saud University (KSU) in Saudi Arabia. This cross-sectional study involved 153 PT students studying at KSU between January and March 2023. The participants completed an online questionnaire, a Maslach Burnout Inventory, and a Brief Resilience Scale. Low-to-moderate levels of Emotional Exhaustion (EE) were observed in 85% of the participants and high Depersonalization (DP) levels were reported by 34.2%. Female participants reported higher levels of EE and DP, whereas males had a greater prevalence of low Personal Achievement (PA) levels. Approximately 6.5% of the study participants reported high burnout levels (a combination of high DP, high EE, and low PA). Academic stress, followed by sleeping difficulties and changes in the academic year structure, were the most important factors contributing to higher levels of burnout (75.2%, 56.9%, and 43.8%, respectively). Most study participants around (66.0%) reported normal resilience levels. A significant correlation was detected between resilience and 2 domains of burnout (DP and PA), with the correlation being negative and weak for DP and positive and moderate for PA. Overall, low-to-moderate levels of burnout were observed among the PT students who took part. Related factors that contributed to burnout were academic stress, sleeping difficulties, and academic year structure. A normal level of resilience was found to be significantly related to DP and PA but not to EE on the burnout subscales. Higher levels of resilience can be considered to play a protective role against burnout among PT students. Med Pr Work Health Saf. 2024;75(4):343-354.

Student Teachers’ Knowledge of School-level Geometry: Implications for Teaching and Learning

<p style="text-align:justify">This study aimed to assess the geometric knowledge of student teachers from a university in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. The study used a sample of 225 first-year student teachers who completed school mathematics baseline assessments on a computer- aided mathematics instruction (CAMI) software. The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional research design, using quantitative data to measure student teachers’ geometry achievement level, and qualitative data to explain the challenges encountered. The results show that student teachers exhibited a low level of understanding of school-level geometry. The low achievement levels were linked to various factors, such as insufficient grasp of geometry concepts in their secondary school education, difficulty in remembering what was done years ago, low self-confidence, and lack of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) skills along with the limited time for the baseline tests. These results suggest that appropriate measures should be taken to ensure that student teachers acquire the necessary subject-matter knowledge to teach effectively in their future classrooms.</p>

Patients Engaged in Losing Weight Preoperatively Experience Improved Outcomes After Hiatal Hernia Repair.

Adherence to preoperative weight loss recommendations may serve as a surrogate for the level of engagement in hiatal hernia (HH) patients. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between achieving preoperative weight loss goals and outcomes after HH repair. A retrospective review of 235 patients undergoing laparoscopic HH repair at a single institution was performed. Patients were grouped based on the percentage of weight loss goal achieved. Low achievement was defined as the bottom quartile of goal achievement (≤75%); high achievement was defined as the top quartile (≥140%). Baseline characteristics, clinical outcomes, and patient reported outcomes (PROMs) were compared between groups. 131/235 (55.7%) achieved their weight loss goal. No differences in baseline characteristics or clinical outcomes were observed between the low and high achievement groups. While both groups experienced improvements in PROMs postoperatively, patients in the high achievement group demonstrated significantly lower symptom burden at one-month postoperatively. Further, high-achievement patients were more likely to experience complete resolution of common HH symptoms at one-month postoperatively, including no difficulty swallowing food, no breathing difficulties or choking episodes, no choking when eating food, no choking when drinking liquid, and no regurgitation of food or liquid. In patients undergoing laparoscopic HH repair, patients achieving their preoperative weight loss goals experienced less overall symptom burden and lower prevalence of common symptoms one-month postoperatively than those with low levels of goal achievement. These results demonstrate that patients can take an active role in improving their own surgical outcomes and health status.

Occupational burnout and job satisfaction among community pharmacists

IntroductionCommunity pharmacists (CPs) are the most accessible healthcare professionals in primary care due to pharmacies' open-door policy and convenience, resulting in high patient and prescription volumes, and numerous free-of-charge consultations. Therefore, they are at high risk for burnout. ObjectivesThe primary objective of this study was to assess the levels of burnout among community pharmacists in Greece, marking the first investigation of its kind within the country. Additionally, this study aimed to explore potential correlations between demographic variables and other health-related factors with burnout scores. MethodsThis study used a quantitative cross-sectional design involving two validated questionnaires(the Greek version of Maslach (MBI) questionnaire and the SF-36 questionnaire). Prior to data collection, all the relevant documentation was approved by the Metropolitan College Research Ethics Committee and was adopted under the auspices of the Panhellenic Pharmaceutical Association. Random sampling was used. Data collection period was July to August 2022. ResultsA total of 368 responses were included in the analysis, with the majority being pharmacy-owners (n = 292, 79.3%). Notably, a significant proportion of respondents were female practitioners working within community pharmacy settings (n = 230, 62.5%). Analysis revealed that the sample exhibited low levels of personal achievement (M = 30.99, SD = 6.41), high levels of emotional exhaustion (M = 41.73, SD = 6.94), and moderate levels of depersonalization (M = 23.38, SD = 3.78), indicative of substantial occupational burnout. Furthermore, gender had a discernible impact on depersonalization, with women scoring higher than men (t = −3.29, p < 0.01). Pharmacists who identified medicine shortages as their primary challenge in daily practice reported lower emotional burnout and depersonalization, albeit with a diminished sense of accomplishment (t = −2.62, p < 0.01). ConclusionsThis study sheds light on burnout levels and health-related quality of life among community pharmacists in Greece.

Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design Commercial Interior Version 4 (LEED-CI v4) Gold-Certified Office Space Projects: A Pairwise Comparative Analysis between Three Mediterranean Countries

Over the past five years, Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design Commercial Interior version 4 (LEED-CI v4)-certified office projects have been intensively studied in the USA and China, but they have not yet been studied in the Mediterranean region. The purpose of this study was to explore office building certification strategies for LEED-CI v4-certified projects in the Mediterranean region. The study design included pairwise comparative analyses between Spain (number of projects (n) n1 = 14), Türkiye (n2 = 13), and Israel (n3 = 11). Cliff’s δ and exact Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney tests were used to process ordinal and discrete data, while the natural logarithm of the odds ratio and 2 × 2 Fisher’s exact tests were used to handle dichotomous data. It was found that Spain and Türkiye outperformed Israel in the Location and Transportation (LT) category due to their desire to reduce the use of private transport. Spain and Türkiye were ahead of Israel in the LTc5 “reduced parking footprint” credit (p = 0.008 and 0.0005, respectively). Israel outperformed Spain and Türkiye in the Energy and Atmosphere (EA) category due to the sum of all six EA credits (p = 0.086 and 0.010). Spain overtook Türkiye and Israel in the Materials and Resources (MRs) category due to Spain’s increased use of environmental product declarations. Spain and Türkiye were ahead of Israel in the following four MRs credits: MRc1 “long-term commitment” (p = 0.030), MRc2 “interiors life cycle impact reduction” (p = 0.037), MRc3 “building product disclosure and optimization—environmental product declarations” (p = 0.029), and MRc5 “building product disclosure and optimization—material ingredients” (p = 0.034). Spain, Türkiye, and Israel showed similarly low levels of achievement in the Indoor Environmental Quality (EQ) category (p ≥ 0.405). However, Spain and Türkiye outperformed Israel in the following two credits: EQc1 “enhanced indoor air quality strategies” and EQc2 “low-emitting materials” (p = 0.001 and 0.060, respectively). In parallel, Israel outperformed Türkiye in the EQc3 “construction indoor air quality management plan” (p = 0.026), and Israel outperformed Spain in the EQc8 “quality views” credit (p = 0.066). As a result, a pairwise comparison of the three Mediterranean countries showed that each country has a unique LEED certification strategy. Knowledge of the above green building strategies will be helpful for LEED professionals.

Exploring Teachers’ lived Experiences towards Students’ Engagement in Classroom: A Qualitative Approach

Engagement of students in classroom is of vital importance and has been used to predict student achievement for quite some time. There is growing concern among educators about the impact of disengagement of students which is manifested in early dropouts, regular absence from class and poor behavior, ultimately leading to low levels of academic achievement. The purpose of this study is to explore the phenomenon of students’ engagement as experienced by the teaching faculty in the classrooms of different educational institutions of Uttar Pradesh. Qualitative approach was used to highlight the shared experiences of the participants which led to the emergence of four themes. The results of this study reveals that there is a lack of consensus among respondents on a specific definition with regards to Student Engagement. Furthermore, student interaction is fundamental to Student Engagement. In addition, Student Engagement has a positive impact on Teacher Motivation and last but not the least, Teacher's Self-Efficacy has a positive impact of Student Engagement. This study is an effort to build a shared understanding about the concept of student engagement among the teaching fraternity, department heads, college and university administrators and other stakeholders in the context of educational institutions of Uttar Pradesh and this may help them to prepare a blueprint for tackling the issue student disengagement in classroom.

AI 펭톡 연계 초등영어 수업과 평가의 설계와 적용에 관한 연구

This study aims to incorporate spaced practice activities into an elementary English teaching model using AI Pengtalk, analyze its learning effects, and visualize learning experience data. For this purpose, a spaced practice using AI Pengtalk was conducted over five lessons with temporal intervals aimed at sixth-grade elementary students. Each lesson consisted of six periods, and during six periods, the spaced practice was conducted three times, with the intervals set at one day, three days, and eight days, progressively widening the temporal gaps from one day to four days for each session. The results show that positive effects were observed across all students regardless of their achievement levels, and it was particularly effective for students with lower achievement levels. It is also shown that data visualization using the AI Pengtalk’s assessment data can be effectively used for instructional guidance, such as determining the need for supplementary pronunciation teaching. Moreover, students positively perceived the learning facilitated by AI Pengtalk and acknowledged the usefulness of spaced practice. However, to obtain meaningful learning and assessment data, it is necessary to create optimized conditions that consider the environmental factors within the classroom to reduce the voice recognition errors of AI Pengtalk.

Exploring Individual Changes in Disability Status and Their Relations to Reading Comprehension Development

This study used data from Michigan schools participating in the Reading First program to examine the stability of students’ disability status in Grades 1 to 3. Reading First aimed to improve at-risk students’ reading comprehension through research-based instruction. We analyzed how changes in students’ disability status were related to reading comprehension growth. The sample consisted of n = 10,196 students from 191 schools who took the Iowa Test of Basic Skills (ITBS) Reading Comprehension subtest. Data were collected from 2003 through 2008. We observed considerable changes in disability status for students with speech–language disorders or a specific learning disability ( n = 1,193). These students had lower achievement levels and made less progress than students without disabilities. Overall, achievement gains did not differ between students with different stability and change patterns in their disability status. However, students changing from speech–language disorders to a specific learning disability demonstrated the smallest achievement gains.

APPLICATION OF JIGSAW MODELS ON CARBON COMPOUND DERIVATIVES OF ALKANES MATERIALS TO FURTHER SCHOOLER ACTIVITIES

This research is motivated by the fact that there are low achievement levels and a need for more active student participation in the learning activities of. An action research study was conducted to improve student learning outcomes using the Jigsaw Method to address this issue. The stages in the cooperative learning Jigsaw method consist of forming original groups, assigning problems to each student, preparing students within expert teams, and returning students to their original groups. The classroom action research used in this study follows the Kemmis and Mc. The Taggart method is a self-spiraling system consisting of four stages: planning, action, observation, reflection, and re-planning. Data from the research were obtained from 1) Observation of student activity and teacher performance, 2) Formative tests at the end of each action, and 3) Student response scale questionnaires regarding Jigsaw cooperative learning. The data analysis technique used was simple qualitative descriptive statistics. The research results indicate the following: 1) Student activity index increased by 18.67% from cycle I to cycle II, 2) Improvement in student learning outcomes from pre-PTK to cycle I was 15.84%, and from cycle I to cycle II it was 9.16%, 3) Student response to learning reached a score of 77.93%, indicating that students responded positively to the learning.

Improving Science Conceptual Understanding and Attitudes in Elementary Science Classes through the Development and Application of a Rule-Based AI Chatbot

Abstract This study aimed to develop a specialized rule-based AI chatbot tailored for a sixth-grade optics unit and to evaluate the impact of the implementation of the chatbot on students’ cognitive and affective outcomes related to science within the classroom setting. Specifically, this study explored how factors such as gender and achievement levels have an impact on student attitudes. The development of the rule-based chatbot adhered to the network-based instructional systems design framework, which involves the application of the analyze, design, develop, implement, and evaluate model to the e-learning design and development process. The participants were 192 sixth-grade students, with 81 in the experimental group and 111 in the control group. The results revealed a positive effect on students’ science achievement and interest, with a particularly significant impact on those with lower achievement levels. Notably, the chatbot played a crucial role in elevating the interest of female students in science. These findings highlight the need for continued research into the integration of rule-based AI chatbots in science education.

Development of Literary Competence Through a Semiotic Approach and Technological Resources

Currently, literary competence is scarcely addressed in secondary education teaching. Therefore, the objective of this study was to design a didactic proposal to improve literary competence through a semiotic approach and technological resources in secondary school students of an educational center located in the city of Lambayeque. The research was quantitative, non-experimental and descriptive-propositive design. The instrument used was the "Likert scale to evaluate literary competence", which was applied to a sample of 32 fifth grade students, selected by non-probabilistic sampling. As a result, it was obtained that the students presented low levels of achievement, since 100% of them only evidenced beginning processes. In response to this problem, a didactic proposal for the comprehension and production of narrative discourse was designed and validated from a semiotic perspective using ICT resources. We conclude on the importance of the contributions in the area of communication, which can integrate didactics with technology, contributing to the pedagogical processes for current generations and educational systems of the globalized world.

Perceptions, Attitudes, and Knowledge toward Advance Directives: A Scoping Review.

(1) Background: Advance directives are an expression of a person's autonomy regarding end-of-life care. Several studies have shown that the level of completion in countries where advance directives are legalised is low. To better understand this phenomenon, it is important to know the perceptions, attitudes, and knowledge that the population has about this instrument. The aim of this article was to explore a population's perceptions and/or attitudes and/or knowledge toward advance directives. (2) Methods: A search was conducted in March 2023 in the ISI Web of Knowledge, Scopus, and PubMed databases using the following keywords: "advance care directives", "advance care planning", "perceptions", "attitudes", and "knowledge". Two hundred and twenty-four (224) articles were identified, and thirteen (13) were included for analysis. (3) Results: The selected articles point to a low level of knowledge toward advance directives: they recognise a strong positive attitude of the population toward the implementation of advance directives but a low level of achievement. (4) Conclusions: Studies on perceptions/attitudes/knowledge toward advance directives are important to understand the real needs of the population regarding this issue and to implement more adequate and effective promotion and dissemination measures.

Achieving Healthy City Development in Ghana: Referencing Sustainable Development Goal 11

Despite the growing responsiveness in creating eco-friendly cities with reference to SDG 11, little attention has been focused on the role of Ghanaian local authorities (i.e., District Assemblies (DAs)) in achieving this global feat. Therefore, this study seeks to assess the views of personnel working with Ghana’s District Assemblies on the achievement of healthy city development (HCD) through the lens of SDG 11. Data were obtained from 165 key personnel currently working with the District Assemblies in Ghana through structured close-ended questionnaires. The data gathered from the respondents were analyzed via descriptive and inferential statistics. Results from this study revealed that personnel working in the DAs of Ghana possess an average level of awareness of the SDG 11 indicators. Furthermore, the findings revealed a low level of achievement of development toward attaining healthy cities in Ghana. Subsequently, the findings also revealed four (4) critical challenges encountered in achieving HCD with the topmost being the ‘lack of financial resources for implementing healthy city policies’. The findings from this study pioneer knowledge on the scarce literature sources on the topic within the Ghanaian context. It also provides insight into the current level of achievement of SDG 11 targets in Ghana.

Income inequality is associated with heightened test anxiety and lower academic achievement: A cross-national study in 51 countries

BackgroundResearch on predictors of test anxiety has focused primarily on the role of psychological factors and the proximal environment. However, the role of the broader socio-ecological context, specifically, national income inequality, is seldom explored. AimsThe present study aimed to test whether national income inequality is associated with greater test anxiety and whether test anxiety is associated with lower academic achievement. DataWe analyzed data from the 2015 Program for International Student Assessment (PISA), drawing on responses from 389,215 students nested in 51 countries. MethodsMulti-level structural equation modeling was used. ResultsResults indicated that students in more unequal countries experienced greater test anxiety and had lower levels of achievement. Test anxiety, in turn, was associated with lower academic achievement in reading, math, and science. However, test anxiety did not mediate the effects of income inequality on achievement nor did income inequality moderate the relationship between test anxiety and achievement. ConclusionTaken together, the results of this study demonstrate the importance of taking socio-ecological factors such as income inequality into account when examining anxiety and achievement in academic settings.

Ecological intensity of social provisioning in mobility systems: A global analysis

Reducing the ecological intensity of provisioning systems (food, mobility, etc.) has been suggested as necessary for achieving a good life for all within the planetary boundaries. Few studies have considered the socio-ecological efficiency of such systems, however. This study therefore developed a sector-specific conceptualization of ground passenger transport as a provisioning system and defined a safe and just space for mobility. Using these frameworks, the socio-ecological performance of mobility systems of 150 countries was mapped and compared globally. The results showed that no country entered the defined safe and just space. High-income countries had high social achievement and ecological overshoot while low/middle income countries had no ecological overshoot but also low levels of social achievement. Estimating the ecological intensity of well-being, a development gap became apparent between high income countries and lower/middle income countries, but on both sides of this gap, the ecological intensity of well-being was found to worsen as GDP increased, potentially illustrating an N-shaped Kuznets curve for mobility provisioning. Our system level assessment substantiates the need to improve the socio-ecological efficiency of provisioning. We provide a brief future research agenda on the systemic, social, and political transformations potentially required to achieve it.

Investigation of Secondary School Students' Processes of Constructing Area and Volume Relations of Rectangular Prisms

The purpose of this study is to examine the knowledge construction processes of 5th grade students, who do not have any knowledge about the surface area and volume of the rectangular prism, within the framework of the observable epistemic actions of the RBC (Recognizing, Building-with, Constructing) abstraction model. This study was carried out according to the case study pattern, which is one of the qualitative research types. The study was carried out in the 2021-2022 academic year. For the research, six students were selected by the maximum diversity sampling method. Three homogeneous groups were formed and semi-structured interviews were conducted. An activity paper consisting of eight problems was used to obtain data. The obtained data were evaluated in the context of observable epistemic actions of RBC. Only a student with a low level of mathematics achievement couldn’t construct knowledge of the surface area of the prism. All students have found the number of unit cubes that can fit inside the rectangular prism. But three students with a high level of success were able to construct and use volume formulas. In the research, it has been seen that recognition and building-with actions are easier to perform than construction action. As the level of mathematics achievement decreased, the speed and success of abstraction decreased.

Étude du niveau de pression artérielle en consultation chez l'hypertendu algérien traité (PACT II)

BackgroundHypertension is responsible for 8.5 million deaths from stroke, ischemic heart disease and other vascular and kidney diseases. In Algeria, hypertension (HTN) is the most common chronic disease with an estimated prevalence of 23,6%. MethodsThe PACT II study is a national, observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, multicenter and non-interventional study of therapeutic strategy, conducted in Algeria on hypertensive patients treated for at least 3 months, followed by 100 specialists or general practitioners. The primary objective is to describe the hypertension management in Algeria through the distribution of patients treated for HTN through predefined levels of arterial pressure (AP) reached under treatment. Results2000 eligible patients were recruited in the study. 63.5% and 36.4% of patients were female and male respectively. The average age was 62.4 years ± 10.7. The most affected age group (65.2%) was between 55 to 75 years old. Most of the patients had an elevated blood pressure (BP) with 49.30 % at level III AP (130 – 139 mmHg of SBP or 80 – 89 mmHg of DBP), with 49.6% for diabetic patients and 48.8% for non-diabetic patients, then followed by 20.35% at the level IV AP (140 – 159 mmHg of SBP or 90 – 99 mmHg of DBP) with 21.4% for diabetic and 18.3% for non-diabetic patients. Also, 47.32% were at AP level III in patients with Renal failure. Regarding the achievement of the BP target, it was 17.4% for the overall population with 18,3% for diabetic's patients and only 12.64% for Renal failure patients. Additionally, the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) was at very high level for most patients, corresponding to 38,4 % of the overall study population. At last, PACT II study data were collected on analysis of blood pressure levels in the overall population and in cardiovascular risk (CVR) population groups such as diabetes (65%), sedentary lifestyle (53%), dyslipidemia (50%), obesity (44%), and renal failure (11.3%). ConclusionPACT II has made it possible to update national data relating to hypertension in Algeria. It confirmed the low level of achievement of the BP target, even if the average arterial pressure level obtained was acceptable in 76% patients with a BP level which was lower than 140 mmHg for SBP and less than 90 mmHg for DBP. Many efforts must be made, according to WHO recommendations, to improve the management of hypertensive patients and BP control in Algeria.

THEMATIC PROGRESSION ANALYSIS ON STUDENTS’ ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION TEXTS

This study aims to investigate how university students organize their ideas in Exposition texts, particularly Analytical Exposition texts, and to what extent their Analytical Exposition texts are consistent with argumentative language features in terms of Thematic Progression, based on the framework of Systemic Functional Linguistics. The data were taken from nine Analytical Exposition texts of university students at low, moderate, and high levels of achievement. The result shows that the students organize their ideas in three ways of Thematic Progression namely Constant Theme Theme Progression (CTP) or Re-iteration pattern, Simple Linear Theme Progression (SLP) or Zig-Zag pattern, and Derived Theme Progression (DTP) or Multiple Theme pattern. In terms of Thematic Progression consistency, some texts from middle and high achievers are consistent with the argumentative language features, since they employed SLP than CTP and DTP. However, some students still need more guidance to improve the quality of their writings