Parental Love Research Articles

Successes and failures of parents of two-year-old children in satisfying their choice and how to avoid, prevent, restrain their whims, capriciousness, stubbornness

The article highlights the results of a study of the children’s of the second year of life choice and its impact on the emergence of whims, capriciousness, stubbornness in children. The collected, analyzed and interpreted theoretical studies and practical facts of the manifestations of whims, capriciousness, stubbornness that arise during the choice of children testify to the importance and necessity of studying this problem. The concept of the study is built on the principles of a personally oriented approach to interaction with children. It has been established that the age capabilities of children in the second year of life provide grounds for studying the choice of toddlers in direct connection with the manifestations that we call whims, capriciousness, stubbornness. It has been found that capriciousness becomes more frequent when the children’s choice is not satisfied by parents or other adults, and toddlers feel the need for communication, a favorite toy or food, from overwork or a painful condition. It has been noted that the humanistic approach of parents to children’s upbringing helps to reduce the level of capriciousness. The attention and love of parents, their communication with the kids becomes the basis for the comfortable activity of children. The authoritarian style of communication with the children does not allow to realize the child’s desire for independent choice. Most often, adults pay attention to the whims and caprices of the kids, and their choice remains unnoticed.

Childhood Left-Behind Life Experience: A Painful Memory

Parental love and affection play a crucial role for a child’s growth. Yet, left-behind children, a special group in China, have to live in separation with their parents in childhood, deprived of parental care. The issue of left-behind children is a consequence of the disparities in economic development between rural and urban China and between western and eastern China. A large population of rural young laborers have left native places to seek better employment opportunities in developed regions. Constrained by factors related to China’s registered residence system (Hukou), these migrant workers can hardly have their families live with them in cities, and their young kids become left-behind children in rural homeplaces (Zhang & Li, 2016).

My child’s home: Parental grief at a Chinese cemetery

This article explores how the parent-child bond is continued in an emergent deathscape in urban China where graves designated for deceased children are being created. This new child-centered deathscape stands in stark contrast to the dominant Chinese deathscape which is embedded in the longstanding practice of ancestor worship. Based on data collected through cemetery visits and interviews with bereaved parents, this article delves into the making of this new deathscape manifested at a cemetery in urban China to demonstrate the process of bereaved parents building and maintaining bonds with their deceased children. It reveals how bereaved parents regard their children’s graves as the children’s new homes in the afterlife. It also discusses how a deceased child’s identity is presented and social presence continued at the grave, how parental love is expressed and practiced after the burial, and how the parent-child bond is expressed as continuing in the afterlife.

Міжнародне усиновлення: сучасні аспекти правового регулювання

Abstract. The article provides a detailed analysis of the legal regulation of interstate adoption within the framework of international law, in particular, a systematic analysis of the mechanism of adoption of Ukrainian children by foreigners. This study should ensure proper legal certainty regarding the key problems and issues that arise during the implementation of such adoptions, as well as consider the peculiarities of the procedure and principles of adoption in Ukraine. It was noted that adoption, both domestic and international, plays an important role in ensuring the child's right to family upbringing and full development. Ukrainian legislation is aimed at priority placement of children in the families of Ukrainian citizens, which emphasizes the importance of preserving the child's cultural and social ties with his country. Interstate adoption becomes possible only if domestic possibilities are exhausted, which guarantees the protection of children's rights and observance of their interests. The process of international adoption is complex and multi-stage, in particular due to the need to comply with the requirements of Ukrainian legislation and international standards, such as the Hague Convention. This process involves careful selection of candidates, verification of their eligibility and guarantees the legality of the adoption through a court decision. This approach allows you to minimize risks and ensure the safety and well-being of the child. The main goal of the legislative regulation of adoption is to provide the child with a stable and safe environment for development in the family, which will be able to satisfy his emotional and physical needs. International adoption, under the conditions of proper verification and transparency of the process, provides an opportunity for children to find loving parents and build a new life. At the same time, cooperation between states and monitoring of compliance with children's rights after adoption remains important to ensure maximum protection of their interests at every stage. Keywords: adoption; international adoption; foreigners; national legislation; Ministry of Social Policy of Ukraine; baby; family; procedure; convention; rights and interests of the child.

‘What they owe to their children’: Edmund Burke on parental love and liberty

ABSTRACT This is the first article to investigate the role of parental affection in Edmund Burke’s political thought. It challenges the widely held view that Burke defended patriarchal authority in reaction to egalitarian ideas of the family advanced by the French Revolution. Burke, himself a devoted father, believed that civil liberty depended upon parental rights and responsibilities. Long before the revolution began, he warned against a contemporary fascination with Spartan ideas of parental indifference in the Annual Register – ideas that the National Assembly in France appeared, in his view, to be implementing in their reforms to family law. From Burke’s perspective, the revolutionaries in France were interfering in the relationships between parents and their children in order to make way for an all-encompassing devotion to the state. Burke warned that by undermining parental love and duty, the revolutionaries in France were not only instituting a new tyrannical regime but also destroying the very foundation of humanity.

A study on the Practical Group work to Enhance the Resilience of "Quasi-Family" Children's Welfare Institutions

Orphans and disabled children are a special group of children, and the welfare of orphans and disabled children is an important part of the social security system. At present, there are mainly institutional care, foster family care, "quasi-family" care, and adoption. Among them, "quasi-family" is an innovative model that recruits loving and responsible parents from the society to form a simulated family to raise orphans and disabled children, which supplements the family support that children lack and allows them to grow up in a warm and loving life and interaction. However, in practice, it is also found that the "quasi-family" parenting model still has problems in family organization model, family belief system, family communication ability, etc. Therefore, using group work methods, guided by family resilience theory, and starting from the perspective of strengths, professional social work services are provided to quasi-family, promoting changes in quasi-family belief system, organization model and communication status, so as to improve the quality of raising orphans and disabled children.

PSYCHOLOGICAL TYPES OF PARENTS’ ATTITUDE TOWARDS PUPILS OF SENIOR SCHOOL AGE AS DETERMINANTS OF CHILDREN’S AGGRESSIVENESS (IN A PARADIGM OF ADAPTIVE AND MALADAPTIVE FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS)

Parents’ orientation towards autonomy, collaboration, cooperation and the desire to build relationships with the child on a democratic basis, as a rule, does not cause manifestations of malignant aggressiveness of children. In terms of content, this educational strategy and the type of parental relationships are revealed in such a way: the parent is interested in the child’s affairs and plans, tries to help, empathizes, trusts him/her, respects and encourages him/her, and takes into account the child’s opinion. Cooperation is a psychologically optimal and socially desirable type of parental attitude towards children. Our research has shown that the reluctance or inability of parents to establish positive emotional connections with their children largely determines the nature of manifestations of children’s aggressiveness. We have identified indicators of emotional manifestations of parental attitudes towards children: sympathy-antipathy, acceptance-rejection, respect-disdain, rejection and refusal. In our empirical research we identified some main components of general manifestation of parental love: the interest in our life and the development of the child, the manifestation of responsibility and care, close attention to the child’s interests, problems and attitudes, awareness of his/her uniqueness, unconditional acceptance of him/her as the child is. With a lack of these components in the manifestations of parental attitude towards children, the child begins to consider every request or demand as a duty and show resistance. The role of deprivation of a child’s basic needs, which forms a hostile personality is incapable of establishing trusting relationships, and it has to be emphasized in our further research. We think, that according to the theories of childhood aggressiveness, the child’s desire to establish himself/herself with the help of a universal instrument of superiority, such as direct aggression, is explained by his/her experience of a feeling of inferiority associated with a deficiency of parental love. According to our empirical research, a child’s psychological discomfort is due to a lack of parental love, and it increases the destructive element in his/her person, leading to the formation of low self-esteem, aggressiveness, and a tendency toward auto-aggression. Rejection is the most unfavorable, socially and psychologically unacceptable type of parental attitude, indicative according to the development of destructive manifestations of aggressiveness in the period of childhood for senior pupils.

“We Are Not Lazy (Rather We Persevere) But Please…”: The Resilience of Homeless Filipino Youths in the Covid-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has transformed and changed individuals and communities across the globe, particularly vulnerable populations such as homeless youths. This exploratory qualitative research study through a descriptive phenomenological lens delves into the resilience of homeless Filipino youths (N = 10) in Tacloban City, Philippines, during the pandemic, examining their ability to adapt and thrive amidst the crisis toward their relative well-being. Results showed that homeless youths have complex and unaddressed needs and challenges, such as longing for parental love, suffering from social discrimination and mental stress, receiving no government services, and thinking and feeling of suicide. Nonetheless, homeless youths exhibited remarkable resilience, employing differentiated or collective coping mechanisms like developing and strengthening friendship and family relations while believing in God to navigate the pandemic’s disruptions and thus meet resolutions across the tensions surrounding resilience. The paper contributes to developing informed policies and programs tailored to the immediate and long-term needs of homeless youths. Future research may conduct follow-up or longitudinal studies on the dynamics of homelessness and the resilience of the same or related social groups in post-pandemic while transitioning into middle adulthood and beyond.

Schooled Families: Higher Education and Family Virtue

In today’s “knowledge society,” education is understood as highly instrumentally valuable, and institutional theorists have highlighted its immense cultural importance. What escapes commentary is the nearly universal moral reverence with which education is held. Since families are increasingly expected to participate in children’s schooling, a family’s moral virtue is partially established through offspring’s school success. I explore this using in-depth interviews with two American populations on the margin of college-going: beginning community college students and adult undergraduates. I discuss how respondents present support for education as evidence of caretakers’ status as loving and responsible parents. I then elaborate on how families create moral worthiness in relation to familial educational trajectories. I locate three narratives—maintaining the tradition, the rising family, and educational redemption. What narrative families deploy seems related to their location in social space, and each tacitly reflects the deep moral valuation of education that pervades modern culture.

Parental expressions of love in Chinese American immigrant families: Implications for children's attachment security.

Harlow's seminal work on the nature of attachment focused on the importance of warm, responsive, and loving relationships in children's healthy development. While the need for love and care is arguably universal, the ways in which these emotions are expressed can vary across cultural contexts. We examined how Chinese American parents' expressions of love were associated with children's attachment security. A total of 110 Chinese American immigrant parent-child dyads (children 7-11 years old, 49% girls) participated in 3-min conversations in which parents were instructed to communicate love and care. Proposition-level analyses in speech (total 8825 propositions) identified three types of affection: training (guan and chiao shun); relational affection (qin); and validation (acceptance and encouragement of child's own expression of emotion, thoughts, and behaviors). Higher training was observed in parents with lower American orientation and lower income. Higher relational affection was observed in parents with lower income. Higher validation was observed in parents with higher income. Using path analyses, training and validation were found to be positively associated with children's attachment security beyond parenting styles. Effects of parents' relational affection were moderated by children's American orientation. Results demonstrate how immigrant parents draw on multiple cultural scripts to express love and care. These findings expand traditional concepts of parental love in immigrant families and illustrate how bicultural expressions of love can shape attachment security in middle childhood. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at https://youtu.be/HqUfIDxkFsE RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Analyses of parent-child discussions identified three parental affection styles (i.e., training, relational affection, and validation) as expressions of love and care in Chinese American immigrant families. Training and validation were positively associated withchildren's attachment security. Relational affection was associated with lowerattachment security for children with higher American cultural orientation, suggesting the effects of parent-child expressions of love are shaped by acculturation.

Paternal Filicide in Sweden: Background, Risk Factors and the Cinderella Effect.

An overrepresentation of stepchildren as victims of filicide has been explained as a consequence of 'discriminative parental solicitude'. The idea being that Darwinian selection has favoured parental love and concern only for biological children, and when such parental feelings are absent, as in stepparents, conflicts with a child could easier escalate to lethal violence. An alternative explanation for this overrepresentation of stepchildren is that risk factors for filicide, such as criminal behaviour and mental health problems, are more prevalent in stepparents. This study focused on paternal filicide in Sweden and investigated (i) if stepchildren are overrepresented as victims of filicide compared with biological children, (ii) if filicides are committed in a context that implies a 'conflict with the child victim' and (iii) if stepfathers and biological fathers differ in characteristics associated with filicide risk. The analyses showed that stepchildren were overrepresented as victims compared with children of fathers in families with two biological parents and this overrepresentation was even higher in young children. Children of single biological fathers and children of non-residential biological fathers were also overrepresented as victims of filicide. Less than 20 percent of the filicides were committed in the context of a 'conflict with the child' and in these cases only stepchildren were overrepresented as victims. In the population at large, both stepfathers and single biological fathers had higher rates of mental health problems, violent criminality and illegal possession of drugs compared with fathers in families with two biological parents.

Embodiment of Parental Love Through the Medium of Wooden Matches in Expression Photography

This photographic work raises the theme of parental love through the medium of wooden matches in expression photography. This work focuses on life experiences, the daily activities of the creator while he was born and grew up full of love from his parents in Aceh. The theory of ideas that the creator uses in creating this work of Expression photography is in the form of Expression Photography, Composition, Semiotics and Lighting. This creation method also involves experimentation. The creative concepts and ideas displayed in this photo work are a reflection of the creator's daily life. The main object in making this work is a miniature person created from wooden matches. This work is inspired by the author's life story of the sincere love of his parents, as well as daily life activities that the author has experienced and felt. Rooted in a deep narrative of parental love, the project captures the essence of familial warmth and affection, depicting miniature wooden matchsticks involved in everyday activities as symbolic representations of the human experience. Each photo encapsulates a narrative of parental love and familial bonds, visually depicting moments of tenderness, joy and nurturing care. In "In Mother's Lap", "Happiness", "Dodaidi Swing", "Adab", and "Guardian", the creator visualizes the multifaceted nature of parental love, from caring for babies to guiding adolescence. These photos are a touching reminder of the eternal bond between parents and children, illustrating the profound impact that love and care can have on a child's development and well-being. Ultimately, through a blend of artistic expression and qualitative inquiry, the project “Parental Love through the Medium of Wooden Matching in Expressive Photography” transcends the realm of conventional photography, offering viewers a glimpse into the depth and richness of human relationships and experiences.

Themes of Love and Solitude in Contemporary Azerbaijani Women’s Prose

The article examines the representation of themes of love and loneliness in women’s prose in Azerbaijan. It is noted that the literary works of women in different countries have gained particular relevance at the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21st centuries. The novelty of the research lies in identifying key themes raised in the works of several leading Azerbaijani female writers, who are not well known to a wide circle of Russian readers. The creative works of A. Masud, Farida, and A. Gyulnel are analyzed, with themes of love and loneliness being the focus of the study. It has been established that the thematic content of the works exhibits a traditional character typical of women’s prose: the quest for love by women and men, contemplation of issues of loyalty and betrayal, and solitude. It is shown that the characters in their pursuits do not find understanding from those around them. The absence of love drives A. Masud’s characters to madness (“Fatima” novel), physical death (“Aysun” story), or moral decline (“The Boss” story). In Farida’s work “Silent Birds”, the issue of the influence of ancient cruel traditions on the relationships and fate of young people is raised. In “Cactus” by A. Gyulnel, the heroine suffers from loneliness due to the lack of parental love. The author concludes that the variety of issues raised by female authors is imbued with the idea of the tragedy of human existence without love.

"I'll take them another day": A qualitative study exploring the socio-behavioral complexities of childhood vaccination in urban poor settlements.

Despite improvement over recent decades, childhood vaccination uptake remains a concern across countries. The World Health Organization observed that over 25 million children missed out on one or more vaccines in 2021, with urban poor and other marginalized groups being the most affected. Given the higher risk of disease transmission and vaccine-preventable diseases (VPD) outbreaks across densely populated urban slums, identifying effective interventions to improve childhood vaccination in this vulnerable population is crucial. This study explored the behavioral and social factors influencing childhood vaccination uptake in urban informal settlements in Nairobi, Kenya. A grounded theory approach was employed to develop a theoretical account of the socio-behavioral determinants of childhood vaccination. Five focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with purposively sampled caregivers of children under five years of age residing in informal settlements. The Theory of Planned Behavior guided the structuring of the FGD questions. An iterative process was used to analyze and identify emerging themes. Thirty-nine caregivers (median age 29 years) participated in the FGDs. From the analysis, four main thematic categories were derived. These included attitude factors such as perceived vaccine benefits, cultural beliefs, and emotional factors including parental love. Additionally, subjective norms, like fear of social judgment, and perceived behavioral control factors, such as self-control and gender-based influences, were identified. Furthermore, a number of practical factors, including the cost of vaccines and healthcare providers attitude, also affected the uptake of vaccination. Various social, behavioral, cultural, and contextual factors influence caregiver vaccination decisions in urban poor settings. Community-derived and context-specific approaches that address the complex interaction between socio-behavioral and other contextual factors need to be tested and applied to improve the timely uptake of childhood vaccinations among marginalized populations.

Conditions of the family environment conducive to children's life success in the opinions of war refugees from Ukraine

Life success is an essential area of social sciences and humanities research. The article's main goal is to present the factors of the family environment that contribute to children's success in life, in the opinion of surveyed war refugees from Ukraine. Additionally, information was presented on how war refugees from Ukraine understand life success. The concepts of success and life success were explained. The reasons for the arrival of war refugees from Ukraine to Poland were presented. Global, international, national and local aid is described. Based on the research results, it was found that in the process of educating children to succeed in life, the most critical factors are supporting the child’s self-confidence, frequent displays of parental love and developing planning skills (setting goals). The surveyed people most often understood success in life as: having a happy family, being happy and healthy. The situation of armed conflict, which is the reason for the arrival of war refugees from Ukraine to Poland, makes family life difficult for these refugees. Conducting scientific research in such a specific situation has, in addition to its descriptive nature, also a cognitive value. It allows you to learn about parents' opinions about their children’s success in life.

Longing for belonging: Feeling loved (or not) and why it matters

AbstractObjectiveThis study tested the hypothesis that adults who report having been unloved/rejected in childhood are likely to show greater activation in specific brain regions than adults who report a history of parental love/acceptance.BackgroundInterpersonal acceptance‐rejection theory (IPARTheory) argues that a specific set of effects of perceived parental acceptance and rejection appear with such near invariance across populations worldwide that it is likely that they are related to humankind's common biocultural evolution. If this is true, specific brain mechanisms are likely to differentially characterize responses to parental acceptance versus rejection.MethodUsing fMRI, the study experimentally manipulated rejection during a computer‐based ball‐toss game among 40 young adults. One group reported having been loved/accepted by both parents in childhood and self‐reported being psychologically well‐adjusted (AcceptedAdjusted, n = 20). The other group reported having been unloved/rejected by both parents in childhood and self‐reported being psychologically maladjusted (RejectedMaladjusted, n = 20).ResultsMembers of the RejectedMaladjusted group—as compared to members of the AcceptedAdjusted group—had increased activation in the posterior cingulate cortex and anterior cingulate cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, medial prefrontal cortex, insula, cuneus, precuneus, and amygdala. These brain regions critically support emotion processing.ConclusionThis study provides a foundation for understanding neural mechanisms underlying emotion processing, as influenced by adults' memories of parental love or lack of love (acceptance‐rejection) in childhood.ImplicationsFindings may help clinicians and practitioners design therapeutic interventions that can lead to structural and functional changes in brain areas associated with emotion regulation, possibly counteracting some of the negative effects of early emotional trauma.

Portrait of the victim of domestic violence and its characteristics under the conditions of marital state

The article highlights the need and prospects of researching a typical portrait of a victim of domestic violence. The study of socio-demographic characteristics helps to determine the most important directions of preventive work, in particular among those population groups whose representatives most often become victims of this crime. We analyze information about gender - in the vast majority of cases it is women; age - young women are the most vulnerable; level of education – usually the victims have a low level of education and other data on the social status of the victims.
 The peculiarities of victims in the conditions of war are studied. Thus, victims of domestic violence in times of war are characterized by stress, anxiety, depression and physical trauma, among other things. In addition, they may feel isolated and fearful because of military actions and threats. In war, victims of domestic violence are more vulnerable.
 It was concluded that a special feature of victims of domestic violence is the lack of housing or other accommodation where a woman could move and take her children. It has been found that women stay with the abuser and continue to suffer due to imposed stereotypes or traditions that glorify marriage as the highest value and call for the preservation of the family at any cost. At the same time, an important factor is the presence of people who convince the woman (or support her confidence) that she herself is to blame for the violence and can stop it by fully submitting to her partner’s demands.
 The relationship between the level of intelligence and the possibility of becoming a victim is investigated. Such a high level of intelligence makes it possible not to be influenced by others and to defend one’s own opinion. Usually, victims of domestic violence do not have their own vision, are manipulated, and do not take responsibility.
 There is an increasing trend in the number of victims of domestic violence with the presence of addiction, in particular drug, alcohol, and toxic substances.
 It has been studied that the consequences of violence on children affect their entire future life, forming poorly educated, socially maladapted individuals who face problems in creating a family and are unable to become good, loving parents.

Daily dynamics of feeling loved by parents and their prospective implications for adolescent flourishing.

Feeling loved by one's caregiver is essential for individual flourishing (i.e., high levels of psychological well-being in multiple dimensions). Although similar constructs are found to benefit adolescent well-being, research that directly tests parental love as a feeling from the recipient's perspective is rare. Historically, parental love has been measured using single-assessment methods and assumed to be a stable, trait-like characteristic; yet, like any feeling, it may fluctuate in meaningful ways on a day-to-day basis-the implications of which are unknown. Using a sample of 150 adolescents (59.3% female; ages 14-16), this study estimated level (person's mean level across days) and instability (fluctuations across days) of feeling loved by a caregiver across 21 days for each adolescent, and then examined their prospective effects on adolescent flourishing 1 year later. After controlling for demographics (adolescent age, gender, family income, and parent's sex) and variable baseline levels, feeling more loved by one's caregiver in daily life significantly predicted higher levels of flourishing in two global measures 1 year later. Moreover, level and instability of feeling loved by one's caregiver played different roles for different dimensions of flourishing: higher levels significantly predicted higher levels of autonomy, purpose in life, and personal growth, whereas higher instability significantly predicted lower levels of positive relations with others and environmental mastery. Findings emphasized the importance of considering daily dynamics of feeling loved by one's caregiver and demonstrated that level (of feeling loved) is particularly important for intrapersonal aspects while instability is particularly important for interpersonal aspects of flourishing. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Adolescents feeling more loved by their caregiver in daily life had higher levels of overall flourishing 1 year later. Level (of feeling loved) is particularly important for intrapersonal aspects of adolescent flourishing, including autonomy, purpose in life, and personal growth. Stability (of feeling loved) is particularly important for interpersonal aspects of adolescent flourishing, including positive relations with others and environmental mastery.

The Dynamics of Resilience in Muslim Adolescents from Broken Home Families: A Theological Analysis

This study aimed to determine the dynamics of resilience in adolescents who experience broken homes through a theological perspective. This research used a qualitative phenomenological method, and data collection was carried out using structured interviews. Data was obtained from subjects with the criterion of being teenagers who experienced broken homes. They were aged between 16 and 19 years. Data analysis was done by organizing and coding data, determining themes, searching for categories, describing categories, and discussing research results. The results showed that the subjects had different resilience. The most vital resilience arises from understanding good religious (theological) teachings. The forms of resilience found in this research include emotional conditions, emotional regulation, impulse control, self-efficacy, and social support. The resilience that is formed is caused by several factors. Judging from the subjects' statements, their resilience is formed by internal and external factors such as their inner will to rise from the adversity they have experienced and the support of those closest to them. Apart from that, the subjects experienced different impacts of broken homes, such as reduced parental love, reduced finances, changes in conditions at home, changes in the subject's personality, changes in interest in communicating with parents, and even the desire to commit suicide. From a theological perspective, Muslim teenagers from broken homes are more devious than teenagers from ordinary families because of the absence of theological values in their lives, so religious counseling for Muslim teenagers must be grounded on religious values. Religious counseling can be filled with activities such as instilling monotheistic values, theological or religious values, reading the Koran regularly, listening to lectures on Islamic themes, and reading motivational and Islamic books.

MEANING OF BOLAANG MONGONDOW TRADITIONAL SONGS AND STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION ON THEM

The purpose of this research is to describe the meaning of the traditional songs of Bolaang Mongondow and the perceptions of students at SMP Negeri 2 Lolayan. This study employs a qualitative descriptive method, focusing on current issues. The gathered data is first organized, explained, and then analyzed. The data sources for this research are the students of SMP Negeri 2 Lolayan and a collection of three traditional songs from Bolaang Mongondow, namely Tano-tanobon, Moraoi and Tobatu Lipu. The data were collected by three steps; observation, interview and documentation. The result of the research showed that the majority of the students have good understanding of the meaning of Bolaang Mongondow traditional songs which they considered as the identity and reflection of Mongondow heritage. However, some students have a limited understanding due to various reasons such as insufficient learning time dedicated to Bolaang Mongondow traditional songs or a lack of proficiency in the Mongondow language. Furthermore, it is found that the songs have meanings. Tano-tanobon means to heed parental advice, love and cherish parents, and not hurt their feelings to lead a happy life. Moraoi means that Indonesia is known for its natural beauty from Sabang to Merauke, and similarly, Bolaang Mongondow possesses beautiful landscapes, rich flora and fauna, and hospitable communities. Lastly, Tobatu Lipu means someone who has ventured far still holds their birth land dear in their heart.