MLR, 105.3, 2010 901 subject, the emergence of thebody inpopular and artistic culture of the early twen tieth century becomes a site of contest. According to Cowan's Foucault-inspired account, the project of a Willenskultur addresses a particularly modern form of fear', namely that the human subject had become subject to itsown objectification, and so needed rehabilitation by an ethics of self-mastery'. Yet, as Cowan shows, the theories of and practices eliciting will-power often proceed from contradictory principles: in self-help psychology, for instance, practitioners assert the primacy of mind over body, and yet promote performances of the body to produce states of mental motivation. The cultural obsession with channelling energies ofmind and body towards efficientproductivity arises in response to economic instability and the unpredictability of modern capitalism. Mann's Buddenbrooks, Impressionist novels, Doblin's story 'Die Tanzerin und der Leib', and the neurasthenic poetry of Ernst Blass are among themodern literaryworks thatCowan places within the context ofmodern nervousness. The struggle between nervous pathology and self-mastery is, Cowan argues, mapped out inKubin's novel Die andere Seite, inwhich theAmerican entrepreneur Herkules Bell embodies modern will-power and the dreaming Patera establishes an aesthetic, nostalgic refuge from the insecurities ofmodern progress. That Bell and Patera turn out to be aspects of one hybrid subjectivitymay be symbolic of the inextricability of nervousness and will in themodern German discourse of the self. The relevance of these phenomena to the twoworld wars and to the rise of Fascism is reserved, regrettably,forbrief treatment in an afterword, yet it is the latterwhich gives historical urgency to the topic. Nevertheless, Cowan has admirably amended any view ofmodernity forwhich the decisive paradigm is the Freudian relinquish ment ofwill to unconscious forces or the collapse of the subject's integrity,showing self-mastery to be a neglected technique of the selfdeveloped in response towhat Simmel called the Tragedy' ofmodern culture. Fordham University Jennifer Gosetti-Ferencei Geschlechterentwurfe im literarischenWerk von Lou Andreas-Salome unter Beruck sichtigung ihrerGeschlechtertheorie. By Katrin Schutz. (Epistemata Litera turwissenschaft, 622) Wurzburg: Konigshausen & Neumann. 2008. 290 pp. 39.80. ISBN 978-3-8260-3732-0. Lou Andreas-Salome (1861-1937) is better known inGermany for her life than her letters, forher association with famous men rather than as the essayist, author, and psychoanalyst that she was. Katrin Schutz addresses this deficit by examin ingAndreas-Salome's fiction in the light of her theoretical work on sexuality, in particular the ground-breaking essay 'DerMensch alsWeib'. Schutz explores the central tension between the positive connotation given to female sexuality in this essay and the social constraints depicted in the fiction,which curtail the possibili ties for celebrating that sexuality. 'Der Mensch alsWeib' is an intervention in turn-of-the-century debates about the essential nature of woman. It unproblematically locates this squarely within 902 Reviews biology but departs from contemporary male theorists in seeing woman as primary, rather than defined in relation toman. 'Das Weibliche', deriving as itdoes from the egg, may be less developed and differentiated than 'dasMannliche', but this is viewed as a positive; women should revel in their closeness to nature, their difference, their ability to enjoy life and think inways other than the logical. If men, like the sperm, have to strive, compete, and propel themselves, women are already fully legitimated. This biological thinking seems blithely unconcerned by the contemporary demands of the firstwomen's movement, a movement which Andreas-Salome was aware of but never joined. Rather, it shows her intellectual immersion?she was among thefirstwomen to study at university?in the (usually male, oftenmisogynist) literature and philosophy of the period, ofwhich Schiitz gives a useful overview, from Ibsen and Tolstoy toNietzsche, Mobius, and Wei ninger, the strongest influence on her own theory being Wilhelm Bolsche's Das Liebesleben inderNatur. Andreas-Salome's twenty-fiveNovellen and novels spring from her early career, roughly 1885 to 1903, preceding her friendship with Freud and her psychoana lyticalwork by some years. Schiitz provides a reading of each text, drawing out common themes such as the sexual submission of the woman, marriage as le galized prostitution, the family as a place of conflict, and incest. A final chapter draws up a typology...