Lotus Leaf Extract Research Articles

ASSESSMENT OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS ALONG WITH ANTIBACTERIAL POTENTIAL OF TARENNA POLYCARPA LEAF FRACTIONS

Objective: The aim was to investigate the physicochemical analysis, preliminary phytochemical screening and further evaluation of its antibacterial activity from morbesi-besi (Tarenna polycarpa) leaf ethyl acetate and hexane fractions (HF).Methods: The physicochemical parameters were carried out as per the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline from its ethanolic extract. The phytochemical screening was performed as per Indonesia Pharmacopoeia and conventional method on its ethyl acetate and HF. Ethyl acetate and HF at different concentration were evaluated using agar well diffusion assay.Result: The plant was found to be free from contaminations. Morbesi-besi leaf fractions are composed of flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, tannins, steroids, and triterpenoids. The phytochemical screening showed only ethyl acetate of lotus leaf extract contains the flavonoids. The antibacterials assay showed that ethyl acetate fraction was better than HF from the inhibition zone.Conclusion: From the outcomes of this study, morbesi-besi leaf (T. polycarpa) possess potential antibacterial activity.

PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY OF DIFFERENT LEAF EXTRACTS FROM LOTUS (NELUMBO NUCIFERA GAERTN.) IN STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED MICE

Objective: The present study is to evaluate the antidiabetic activity of various extract of Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) leaf using hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol organic solvent.Methods: Standard phytochemical screening method and streptozotocin induced diabetic mice.Result: The phytochemical screening showed only ethyl acetate of lotus leaf extract contains the flavonoids. The ethyl acetate lotus leaf extract (dose level 150 mg/kg) showed a significant reduction of the blood glucose.Conclusion: The ethyl acetate extract of lotus leaf (N. nucifera Gaertn.) had the hypoglycemic effect on diabetic induced mice.

Ameliorative effects of Diospyros lotus leaf extract against UVB-induced skin damage in BALB/c mice

The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of Diospyros lotus leaf extract (DLE) on UVB-induced skin damage in mice. UVB irradiation of mice skin incurred significant damage to mice skin; increased thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance level; decreased superoxide dismutase; and glutathione levels in mice skin tissues. More so, UVB irradiation led to collagen degradation and infiltration of mast cell and neutrophils into mice skin leading to inflammation. However, topical application of DLE significantly reversed these conditions with the result comparable to l-ascorbic acid. Myricitrin, gallic acid, astragalin, myricetin-3-O-glactosside, and myricetin through high-performance liquid chromatography analysis were further determined to be the primary active compounds in DLE. In conclusion, our study showed that DLE has potentials as local therapeutic materials against skin damage by inhibiting oxidative stress and UVB-induced skin damage.

Nuciferine Relaxes Tracheal Rings via the Blockade of VDLCC and NSCC Channels.

This study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms of nuciferine (a main aporphine alkaloid of lotus leaf extract), which can induce relaxation in contracted tracheal rings. Under Ca2+-free and 2 mM Ca2+ conditions, we found that nuciferine had no effect on the resting muscle tone of tracheal rings. In contrast, nuciferine relaxed high K+-contracted mouse tracheal rings in a dose-dependent manner and inhibited both Ca2+ influx and voltage-dependent L-type Ca2+ channel currents induced by high K+. Similarly, nuciferine also inhibited acetylcholine-induced contractions in mouse tracheal rings in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, both acetylcholine-induced intracellular Ca2+ influx and whole-cell currents of nonselective cation channels were blocked by nuciferine. Together, the results indicate that nuciferine-induced relaxation in tracheal rings mainly occurred due to the inhibition of extracellular Ca2+ influx through the blockade of voltage-dependent L-type Ca2+ channels and/or nonselective cation channels. These results suggest that nuciferine has a therapeutic effect on respiratory diseases associated with the aberrant contraction of airway smooth muscles and/or bronchospasm.

Molecular Structure-Affinity Relationship of Flavonoids in Lotus Leaf (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) on Binding to Human Serum Albumin and Bovine Serum Albumin by Spectroscopic Method.

Lotus leaf has gained growing popularity as an ingredient in herbal formulations due to its various activities. As main functional components of lotus leaf, the difference in structure of flavonoids affected their binding properties and activities. In this paper, the existence of 11 flavonoids in lotus leaf extract was confirmed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis and 11 flavonoids showed various contents in lotus leaf. The interactions between lotus leaf extract and two kinds of serum albumins (human serum albumin (HSA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA)) were investigated by spectroscopic methods. Based on the fluorescence quenching, the interactions between these flavonoids and serum albumins were further checked in detail. The relationship between the molecular properties of flavonoids and their affinities for serum albumins were analyzed and compared. The hydroxylation on 3 and 3’ position increased the affinities for serum albumins. Moreover, both of the methylation on 3’ position of quercetin and the C2=C3 double bond of apigenin and quercetin decreased the affinities for HSA and BSA. The glycosylation lowered the affinities for HSA and BSA depending on the type of sugar moiety. It revealed that the hydrogen bond force played an important role in binding flavonoids to HSA and BSA.

Overall intestinal permeability of multiple components in lotus leaf by in situ single pass intestinal perfusion models

To investigate the overall intestinal permeability of multiple components in lotus leaves and make clear the interaction in composition absorption process. Rat single-pass intestinal perfusion technique was used, and the results showed that the Peff values of nuciferine, demethylanuciferine, rutin, quercetin, kaempferol from lotus leaf were greater than 0.5×10⁻⁴ cm•s⁻¹. In the biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS) intestinal permeability property, these ingredients were high permeable components, while the hyperin was low permeable component. However, in the multi-component environment of the lotus leaf extract, component permeation was changed. Semi quantitative analysis of the unclear components showed that under the multi-component environment, four in seven components with relatively high contents had a Peff value less than 0.5×10⁻⁴ cm•s⁻¹, indicating these 4 components were of low permeability, while other 3 components were of high permeability. The results could be valuable to make clear the overall intestinal permeability of multiple components in lotus leaf, and lay a foundation for studying the mechanism of the lipid-lowering effect of lotus leaf.

POTENSI EKSTRAK DAUN TERATAI (Nymphaea pubescens L.) DALAM MENGHAMBAT Staphylococcus aureus

Background: The lotus (Nymphaea pubescens L.) is one of the ornamental plants that many people in demand because it has varieties, shapes, and color of flowers are diverse. The lotus has the potential to be developed as an antibacterial. This study aims to determine the use of lotus leaf extract as anti-bacterial Staphylococcus aureus.
 Method: This study included the making of extraction using maceration method using ethanol, phytochemical testing of lotus leaf extract and testing of anti bacterial activity was done by diffusion method agar by observing and measuring the inhibition zone diameter formed on Muller Hinton (MHA) media. Then done by giving lotus leaf extract with 3 treatment of concentration that is 5%, 10%, 20%, positive control (ampicillin) and negative control (aquades). With an incubation period of 1 x 24 hours.
 Result: The result of phytochemical test showed that lotus leaf extract contain alkaloid compound, triterpenoid, steroid, flavonoid, phenolic and saponin. Anti-bacterial activity test results showed that the concentration given was not able to inhibit the growth of test bacteria.
 Conclusions: Bacteriostatic tests with a 60% extract concentration indicating that at 10-5 to 10-9 dilutions there were no bacterial colonies growing.

Diospyros lotus leaf and grapefruit stem extract synergistically ameliorate atopic dermatitis-like skin lesion in mice by suppressing infiltration of mast cells in skin lesions.

Atopic dermatitis, a chronic relapsing and pruritic inflammation of the skin also thought to be involved in, or caused by immune system destruction is an upsetting health problem due to its continuously increasing incidence especially in developed countries. Mast cell infiltration in atopic dermatitis skin lesions and its IgE-mediated activation releases various cytokines and chemokines that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. This study was aimed at investigating synergistic anti-inflammatory, anti-pruritic and anti-atopic dermatitis effects of Diospyros lotus leaf extract (DLE) and Muscat bailey A grapefruit stem extract (GFSE) in atopic dermatitis-like induced skin lesions in mice. Combinations of DLE and GFSE inhibited TNF-α and IL-6 production more than DLE or GFSE in PMA plus calcium ionophore A23187-activated HMC-1 cells. DLE and GFSE synergistically inhibited compound 48/80-induced dermal infiltration of mast cells and reduced scratching behavior than DLE or GFSE. Furthermore, DLE and GFSE synergistically showed a stronger ameliorative effect in skin lesions by reducing clinical scores; dermal infiltration of mast cells; ear and dorsal skin thickness; serum IgE and IL-4 production in atopic dermatitis-like mice. Collectively, these results suggest that DLE and GFSE synergistically exhibit anti-atopic dermatitis effects in atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in mice.

Screening and Binding Analysis of Flavonoids with Alpha-Amylase Inhibitory Activity from Lotus Leaf

Lotus leaf is gaining growing popularity due to its various benefits and widely usage. In this paper, ten flavonoids in lotus leaf extract were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Centrifugal ultrafiltration combined liquid chromatography was used to screen alpha-amylase inhibitors from ten flavonoids mixture and the binding degrees ranged from 2.34 to 94.1%. The alpha-amylase inhibition and the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) antioxidant activity of ten flavonoids were verified as well. Apigenin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin with relatively higher binding degrees showed higher inhibition on alpha-amylase as well. The interactions between these flavonoids and alpha-amylase were investigated by spectroscopic method. As a result, the fluorescence quenching could be considered as static quenching because the quenching rate constant (Kq) values were higher than 2.0 × 1010 L mol -1 s-1. The binding constants (log10 Ka) of ten flavonoids were in the range of 5.971 to 7.417 L mol-1. The hydrogenation of C2=C3 double bond of apigenin and quercetin decreased the affinity for alpha-amylase (1.92- and 2.82-fold). The hydroxylation on 3 and 3' position decreased the affinity for alpha-amylase. Moreover, the glycosylation with different sugar moiety improved in varying degrees of affinity. The hydrogen bond force might be important in the binding between alpha-amylase and flavonoids.

Biomimetic synthesis of lotus leaf extract-assisted silver nanoparticles and shape-directing role of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide

We report a simple biomimetic chemical reduction method for the preparation of orange-red color silver sol in absence and presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), at room temperature. Silver nitrate and lotus leaf extract were taken as the metal precursor and reducing agent. As the reaction proceeds, a typical plasmon absorption band in 400 to 550nm range appears for the silver nanoparticles and the intensities increase with the time and [reactants]. UV–visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and selected areas electron diffraction (SAED) were used to characterize the silver sol. TEM images show that the silver sol consists of aggregated, cross-linked and inter-connected arrangement of spherical and truncated nanoplates, and irregular silver nanoparticles. The dependency of position and shape of the absorption band on CTAB concentration infers that it acts as a shape-directing, cross-linking and stabilizing agent during the growth of different shape and size of silver nanoparticles.

Hepatoprotective effect of Diospyros lotus leaf extract against acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury in mice

The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of Diospyros lotus leaf extract (DLE) against acetaminophen (APAP)-induced acute liver injury in mice. Administration of DLE significantly attenuated the levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and liver lipid peroxidation in APAP-treated mice. Histopathological examination showed that DLE treatment decreased the incidence of liver lesions in APAP-treated mice. DLE treatment markedly increased superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase activity, and glutathione levels in APAP-treated mice. Furthermore, DLE treatment significantly suppressed the production of proinflammatory factors such as the nitric oxide, IL-6, TNF-α, and iNOS in APAP-treated mice. These results suggest that DLE protects the liver from APAP-induced hepatic injury via antioxidant and antiinflammatory effects.

Effects of potato and lotus leaf extract intake on body composition and blood lipid concentration.

[Purpose]The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of potato and lotus leaf extract intake on body composition, abdominal fat, and blood lipid concentration in female university students.[Methods]A total of 19 female university students participated in this 8-week study, and they were randomly assigned into 2 groups; potato and lotus leaf extract (skinny-line) administered group (SKG, n =9) and placebo group (PG, n = 10). The main results of the present study are presented below.[Results]1) Body mass index, and percent body fat and abdominal fat in students of the SKG showed a decreasing tendency without significant interaction, 2) total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) in students of the SKG showed an averagely decreasing tendency and there was a significant interaction of TC only, 3) high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) in students of the SKG showed an increasing tendency without significant interaction, and 4) Z-score of fatness testing interaction in group × repetition did not show a significant interaction; however, there was a significant interaction of TC in group × repetition. Based on these results, 8-week intake of potato and lotus leaf extract had a positive effect of lowering TC. On the other hand, it had no significant effect on other types of lipids and percent body fat changes.[Conclusion]There was a positive tendency of blood lipids in students of the SKG and it seems that potato and lotus leaf extract intake might prevent obesity and improve obesity related syndromes.

Lipase ligands in Nelumbo nucifera leaves and study of their binding mechanism.

Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) leaves have been widely used in weight-loss foods to prevent obesity in China. In this work, a facile procedure based on ligand fishing was developed to isolate and identify lipase inhibitors present in lotus leaves. Highly stable and active lipase-Fe3O4 superparamagnetic nanoparticle conjugates (LMNPs) were prepared and used as baits. Two flavonoids in lotus leaf extract were found to bind to the baits and were identified as quercetin-3-O-β-d-arabinopyranosyl-(1→2)- β-d-galactopyranoside (1) and quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucuronide (4) based on electrospray ionization-mass spectrometric analyses. Their 50% inhibitory concentrations on lipase (IC50) were 52.9 ± 3.2 and 17.1 ± 1.5 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, they were found to significantly quench the fluorescence of lipase, suggesting their strong affinities with this enzyme, which was further evidenced by molecular docking. Ligand fishing based on LMNPs shows great power for fast screening and identification of lipase inhibitors present in edible and medicinal plants.

우육포의 품질에 영향을 미치는 연잎추출물 첨가효과

Abstract This study was carried out in order to investigate the effects of lotus leaf extracts on the quality characteristics of beef jerky, such as chemical composition, free amino acid, Hunter’s color, physical properties, water activity, pH, TBARS value, VBN content, total bacterial count and sensory score. According to the results, there were no significant differences in moisture, protein, fat, ash, L-value, b-value, hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, chewiness, water activity, pH, flavor, taste, texture, juiciness and overall acceptability. Total free amino acid content was highest in T0 and, lowest in T3 ( p <0.05). The a-value was highest in T3 ( p <0.05). The TBARS value and total bacterial count of T2 and T3 were significantly lower than those of T0 and T1 ( p <0.05). The VBN content was lowest in T3 ( p <0.05) and the sensory color was highest in T3 ( p <0.05). Key words: lotus leaf extract, beef jerky, quality characteristics † Corresponding author: In-Chul Jung, Division of Hotel Food Service an dCulinary Arts, Daegu Technical College, 205 Songhyun-Ro, Dalseo-gu,Daegu 704-721, KoreaTel: +82-53-560-3851Fax: +82-53-560-3859E-mail: inchul3854@naver.com

Antimicrobial activity of cotton fabric treated with extracts from the lotus plant

This study evaluated the application of medicinal plants to fabric finishes and the functionality of the fabrics finished with ethanolic extracts of the lotus plant, such as lotus leaf, lotus pot and lotus seed. Treated cotton was dyed a light orange and yellow-green color using lotus pot and lotus leaf, respectively, and the color difference ([Formula: see text]) of fabrics before/after treatment with extract solution of lotus leaf was a maximum of 36.4. When the processing concentration of extract solution and treatment temperature of cotton fabric were increased, the color and color ingredient uptake increased, but the optimal processing time was found to be 30 minutes. Regarding the dyeing properties, the fabrics treated with the lotus leaf extract showed the best color in terms of color intensity, whereas the antibacterial activity was highest in the case of fabric treated with lotus pot extract. Antibacterial activity was significant in the order of lotus pot &gt; lotus leaf &gt; lotus seed. The fabric treated with the lotus leaf extract exhibited significant antibacterial activity only when it was treated at high concentrations (&gt;8%), whereas the fabric treated with the lotus pot extract showed significant antibacterial activity even when treated at low concentrations (4%) or low temperatures (40℃). Accordingly, ethanolic lotus pot extract is recommended as an environment-friendly antibacterial finishing.

生物合成纳米金与MWCNTs/L-Cys复合修饰玻碳电极测定左旋多巴

利用荷叶萃取液生物合成纳米金，并与多壁碳纳米管/ L -半胱氨酸复合成修饰电极材料，研究了左旋多巴在该修饰电极上的电化学行为. 在0.2 mol/L乙酸-乙酸钠体系（pH=2.6）中，氧化峰电流与左旋多巴浓度在0.6~40 μmol/L及60~120 μmol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系，检出限达5.2×10 -8 mol/L. 实验结果表明，生物合成纳米金复合多壁碳纳米管/ L -半胱氨酸修饰电极具有良好的稳定性和高灵敏度，对实际样品测定的回收率在91.2%~102.5%之间.

Lotus leaf alleviates hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in animal model of diabetes mellitus

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of lotus leaf on hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in animal model of diabetes. Inhibitory activity of ethanol extract of lotus leaf against yeast α-glucosidase was measured in vitro. The effect of lotus leaf on the postprandial increase in blood glucose levels was assessed in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. A starch solution (1 g/kg) with and without lotus leaf extract (500 mg/kg) was administered to the rats after an overnight fast, and postprandial plasma glucose levels were monitored. Four-week-old db/db mice were fed a basal diet or a diet containing 1% lotus leaf extract for 7 weeks after 1 week of acclimation to study the chronic effect of lotus leaf. After sacrifice, plasma glucose, insulin, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (CHOL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-CHOL, and blood glycated hemoglobin levels were measured. Lotus leaf extract inhibited α-glucosidase activity by 37.9%, which was 1.3 times stronger than inhibition by acarbose at a concentration of 0.5 mg/mL in vitro. Oral administration of lotus leaf extract significantly decreased the area under the glucose response curve by 35.1% compared with that in the control group (P < 0.01). Chronic feeding of lotus leaf extract significantly lowered plasma glucose and blood glycated hemoglobin compared with those in the control group. Lotus leaf extract significantly reduced plasma TG and total CHOL and elevated HDL-CHOL levels compared with those in the control group. Therefore, we conclude that lotus leaf is effective for controlling hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in an animal model of diabetes mellitus.

고지방 식이와 병행 섭취한 연잎 추출물이 흰쥐의 혈청 및 간 조직 지질 함량에 미치는 영향

연(Nelumbo nucifera)은 우리나라에 널리 분포하며 뿌리는 식용으로 잎은 민간에서 치료제로 사용되어왔다. 연잎은 또한 차와 술 등으로 가공되어 음용되고 있지만 이에 대한 생리활성 연구가 미비해 본 연구에서는 연잎 추출물의 흰쥐에 대한 혈청 및 간 조직 지질 함량에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 실험동물은 rat를 사용했으며 일반식이 섭취군 (Con)과 고지방식이 섭취군(HFG) 그리고 고지방식이 섭취 및 연잎 추출물 투여군(HL40, HL80, HL120)으로 나누었으며 연잎 추출물 투여군은 rat의 체중(kg) 대비 고형분 40 mg 투여군(HL40), 80 mg 투여군(HL80), 120 mg 투여군(HL120)으로 세분하여 총 4주간 사육하였다. 4주간 사료 섭취량 대비 체중증가량을 측정한 결과 HL40, 80, 120의 경우 고지방 식이를 하였기에 Cont군보다는 높은 체중증가량을 보여주었지만 동일한 고지방 식이를 행한 HFG군과 비교하여 유의 적으로 낮은 체중증가량을 보여주었고 섭취량이 증가할수록 그 폭이 낮아져 HL120군의 경우는 Cont군과 오차범위 내에 있을 만큼 그 효과가 두드러졌다. 간의 총 지질 함량 측정결과 HL120군이 HFG군보다 지질생성량이 낮게 나왔으나 유의적인 차이를 보여주지 못했다. 총 콜레스테롤 함량의 경우에는 Cont군과 HL120군에서 동일한 수치로 가장 낮게 나타났다. HFG군과 비교하여 HL120군에서 수치가 40% 가량 떨어졌고 HL40, 80군과는 큰 차이가 없는 것으로 미루어 일정 수준 이상의 연잎 추출물 급여 시 총콜레스테롤 수치를 떨어뜨리는데 효과가 있는 것으로 판단되었다. 중성지방의 경우 연잎 추출물을 급여한 모든 군이 HFG군뿐만 아니라 Cont군에 비해서도 낮은 수치를 보였다. 특히 HL120군 에서는 HFG군에 비해 그 수치가 절반가량 줄어듦을 볼 수 있었다. 혈청 내 지질 패턴을 분석하기 위해 총 지질, 총 콜레스테롤, 중성지방 농도를 측정한 결과, 혈청 내 총 지질은 Cont군을 제외한 나머지 군들은 오차범위 내에 있었으며 변별력을 보여주지 못했다. 중성지방의 경우 HL40, 80, 120군 이 HFG보다 낮게 측정되었으며 총 콜레스테롤의 경우에도 동일한 경향을 보여주었다. 이 결과 연잎이 면이나 빵류 등 에 첨가되어 각종 다이어트식품의 개발에 이용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

연잎 추출물을 함유한 화장품의 안정성 평가

The stability of cream containing lotus leaf extract (LLE) was evaluated. Stability pH and viscosity were measured at 3 different temperatures ( $25^{\circ}C$ , $45^{\circ}C$ and $65^{\circ}C$ ), and at room temperature under the sun light at 2 day intervals during 12 days. The cleansing cream...

Cytoprotective activity of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertner) leaf extracts on the mouse embryonic fibroblast cell

This study was conducted to evaluate the cytoprotective activity of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertner) leaf extract (LLE) on mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells. The 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) free radical scavenging activities of LLE increased in a concentration dependent manner. The cells, damaged by oxidative stress, decreased their viability following increasing concentration of H2O2, but the co-treatment of n-butanol fraction of LLE and H2O2 resulted in an increase in cell growth, by about 25%, compared to the cells treated with H2O2. The n-butanol fraction of LLE inhibited the cytotoxicity induced by H2O2 in a concentration dependent manner. The oxidative damage to the cells, measured by apoptotic and necrotic cell accumulation, was similar with the addition of the n-butanol fraction of LLE to H2O2. Taken together, these results suggest that LLE inhibited the cytotoxicity which is induced by H2O2, and has a protective effect on MEF cell against oxidative stress.