Lot Of Details Research Articles

TableExtractNet: A Model of Automatic Detection and Recognition of Table Structures from Unstructured Documents

This paper presents TableExtractNet, a model that automatically finds and understands tables from scanned documents, tasks that are essential for quick use of information in many fields. This is driven by the growing need for efficient and accurate table interpretation in business documents where tables enhance data communication and aid decision-making. The model uses a mix of two advanced techniques, CornerNet and Faster R-CNN, to accurately locate tables and understand their layout. Tests on standard datasets, IIIT-AR-13K, STDW, SciTSR, and PubTabNet, show that this model performs better than previous ones, making it very good at dealing with tables that have complicated designs or are in documents with a lot of detail. The success of this model marks a step forward in making document analysis more automated. It makes it easier to turn complex scanned documents containing tables into data that are more manipulable by computers.

Comparative Analysis of Kyrgyzstan and Türkiye’s Secondary Geography Curriculums

The study was made as a qualitative document analysis. The geography curriculums implemented in secondary education in Türkiye since 2018 and in Kyrgyzstan since 2020 were compared by applying document analysis and content analysis. The curriculums were subjected to a comparative analysis in terms of achievements, content, learning and teaching approaches and assessment-evaluation features. Due to the difference in the educational levels of both countries, there are some difficulties in comparing only at the high school level. According to the findings, it was observed that the subjects included in the curriculum were more limited in Kyrgyzstan. In this context, it was more appropriate to make comparisons on the basis of human systems, global environment: regions and countries, and environment and society units in the Turkish geography curriculum. It is noteworthy that the geography curriculum in Kyrgyzstan has an approach that addresses geographical, geocological, social-humanitarian aspects in teaching the outcomes. When evaluated in this respect, it can be said that there is a great overlap in terms of the geographical perspective intended to be gained by students. It is noteworthy that the similarities in the updated constructivist teaching philosophy are also intense in terms of objectives and some guidance, educational situations and assessment-evaluation. In the Kyrgyzstan geography curriculum, there are a lot of details about educational situations and assessment-evaluation. The most important difficulty experienced in the comparison was the difference in the educational levels at which geography courses were taught in the two countries.

CLANET: a cross-linear attention network for semantic segmentation of urban scenes remote sensing images

ABSTRACT Semantic segmentation of high-resolution remote sensing images is important in land cover classification, road extraction, building extraction, water extraction, etc. However, high-resolution remote-sensing images have a lot of details. Due to the fixed receptive field of convolution blocks, it is impossible to model the correlation of global features. In addition, complex fusion methods cannot integrate spatial and global context information. In order to solve these problems, this paper proposes a cross-linear attention network (CLANet) to capture spatial and context information in images. The structure consists of a spatial branch and a context branch. The spatial branch is constructed by stacked convolution to better capture spatial information. The context branch models the global information based on the transformer deformation module. In addition, to effectively fuse spatial and context information, this paper also designs a feature fusion module (FFM), which uses a cross-linear attention mechanism for feature aggregation. Finally, this paper conducts many experiments on the ISPRS Vaihingen and the ISPRS Potsdam datasets. Among them, 82.28% of mIoU achieves on the ISPRS Vaihingen dataset. The experimental results show that CLANet has better performance and effect than the methods in recent years.

Unsupervised image segmentation with robust virtual class contrast

Unsupervised Image Segmentation (UIS) is a challenging problem in computer vision that aims to classify pixels in an image into different semantic classes without using any labels. Among the various UIS methods, MaskContrast performs well when dealing with complex objects containing lots of detail. It utilizes prior knowledge from a pretrained saliency detection model to identify foreground pixels and leverages contrastive learning to learn the representations of those foreground pixels. However, this method is not designed to handle situations where foreground pixels belong to multiple semantic classes. To mitigate this problem, we propose a novel method for UIS called Robust Virtual Class Contrast (RVCC), which characterizes foreground pixels based on their “virtual classes” rather than just saliency masks. A virtual class can be viewed as the representation of some unknown object in the training data. Our method employs K-means clustering to find the pseudo virtual class label for every foreground pixel at the start of each training epoch. These pseudo-labels are then used to guide the learning of pixel representations. Additionally, to avoid the overconfidence of pseudo-label prediction, RVCC incorporates an additional regularization term that encourages consistency between the predictions under weak and strong augmentations. Our experiments demonstrate that RVCC outperforms existing baselines on the Pascal VOC2012 and MSRCv2 datasets, showcasing its capability for the UIS problem.

Compressive performance of Bouligand structure derived from Arapaima Gigas scale

During the past decade, a lot of study has been conducted in the favor of biomimicry and its applications in our daily lives. Fish scales, specifically, are being investigated with quite a lot of detail, and there are several species which possess an impressive mechanical property when under impact loadings and these impact loadings are naturally observed on the fish scale of the prey by the sharp teeth of predator fish when under attack. Considering such a reputation of fish scales, this article provides a concise look into the structural dependability of a fish scale from a species called Arapaima Gigas, which is a freshwater fish species found in the Amazon River.

Making Social Welfare Policy in America: Three Case Studies since 1950

Making Social Welfare Policy in America: Three Case Studies since 1950

Отчет Д. И. Казанцева за 1936 г. и его значение в истории садоводства Среднего Урала

The publication introduces into scientific circulation the historical document compiled by Dmitry Ivanovich Kazantsev, an amateur selectionist who pioneered the fruit gardening in the Middle Urals. His name is memorized in the history of Ekaterinburg with a memorial object — the D. I. Kazantsev’s Fruit Garden which has existed for more than a century. The published report “My Work, Observations and Achievements for the Year 1936” is written with the author’s characteristic pedantry and gives an idea of the popular trends and practical methods of gardening in the early 1930s Sverdlovsk. The document allows judging on the author’s social circle and business connections. Together with other selectionists, D. I. Kazantsev took part in overcoming such a problem as scarcity of fruit varieties in the Urals. Samples from his garden were involved in the broad-scale works on hybridization started by the Sverdlovsk Zonal Fruit and Berry Experimental Station named after. I. V. Michurin since 1935. D.I. Kazantsev’s detailed report was compiled in connection with the organization of these studies, and therefore in many ways resembles a scientific text. It describes the history of raising the original apple-tree variety — Kordik, contains a lot of details about the phenology, productivity, stability and other characteristic features of old-time varieties and hybrids of apple-trees which are still of interest and allow comparing with current varieties. The published document may be of interest to specialists studying the period of collectivization and industrialization of Soviet society, the history of horticulture and fruit growing in the Urals, as well as to modern selectionists and gardening experimentalists.

Dr Salman visiting his family

When Dr Salman sent me some reference photos, I instantly knew I had to choose the photo this painting is based on - although it was a complex scene with several figures, the narrative it presented was very powerful and emotional. I wanted to avoid sentimentality, and I think that the bold impasto technique I used, with thick oil paint and a large brush, helped with this. It was mostly about conveying raw emotion in an expressive way, without including lots of detail. Also making it an easily readable image just using loose brushstrokes, without delineating everything was a real challenge. I hope I succeeded.

What’s the Best Friction Reducer? You Need To Figure It Out Yourself

Friction reducers are expected to play critical roles in fracturing, some better than others. Shale producers are belatedly realizing that there are many variables that can alter the performance of these chemicals used to reduce the power needed to hydraulically fracture a reservoir, and in higher doses, to thicken fluid, making it possible to deliver proppant more efficiently. There are wells that can justify paying more for a friction reducer formulated to stand up to difficult chemical challenges, and others that cannot. But there is no guide that describes how these key additives perform. Those who do evaluations will realize that a lot of details about friction reducers are proprietary and no industry standard provides guidance about the information needed to thoroughly assess their compatibility with reservoir conditions. “There hasn’t been a really good method to quantitatively evaluate friction reducers and what they do,” said Paul Carman, the completion fluid advisor for ConocoPhillips, who has not figured out what that method might be. Recently, Occidental Petroleum took a stab at answering the question with a paper discussing its evaluation of friction-reducer performance. It’s not a short answer. The paper delivered at the Unconventional Resources Technology Conference (URTeC) does not offer names of the products tested, how many were tested at any stage of the process, or details that might identify top performers (URTeC 5249). Those who dig deeper and ask fracturing experts will learn that the best friction reducer will depend on the job. And money, time, and research are required to gather the data needed for informed decision making. When Occidental began working on a system to evaluate friction reducers, they found little had been written on how to do it, said Nancy Zakhour, Occidental’s well design lead, a coauthor of the paper. There was a general paper from Shell on well chemical evaluation but little else. That shows how oil companies have come to rely on others to do performance testing. The shale business has not shown much interest in chemical performance until recently. Greater attention has turned to the many details that can incrementally improve shale well performance and to the research showing how friction reducers perform badly due to chemical reactions in some wells. These are not the only additives that may be affected by chemical reactions during and after fracturing. But friction reducers have grabbed the most attention because they do a couple important jobs.

PFC: A Novel Perceptual Features-Based Framework for Time Series Classification

Time series classification (TSC) is a significant problem in data mining with several applications in different domains. Mining different distinguishing features is the primary method. One promising method is algorithms based on the morphological structure of time series, which are interpretable and accurate. However, existing structural feature-based algorithms, such as time series forest (TSF) and shapelet traverse, all features through many random combinations, which means that a lot of training time and computing resources are required to filter meaningless features, important distinguishing information will be ignored. To overcome this problem, in this paper, we propose a perceptual features-based framework for TSC. We are inspired by how humans observe time series and realize that there are usually only a few essential points that need to be remembered for a time series. Although the complex time series has a lot of details, a small number of data points is enough to describe the shape of the entire sample. First, we use the improved perceptually important points (PIPs) to extract key points and use them as the basis for time series segmentation to obtain a combination of interval-level and point-level features. Secondly, we propose a framework to explore the effects of perceptual structural features combined with decision trees (DT), random forests (RF), and gradient boosting decision trees (GBDT) on TSC. The experimental results on the UCR datasets show that our work has achieved leading accuracy, which is instructive for follow-up research.

Realistic Rendering in “Details”

Rendering is far from solved. Even today, the rendered results still look artificial and overly perfect. To make rendering more realistic, we need details. However, rendering a complex surface with lots of details is far from easy. Traditionally, the surface microstructure is approximated using a smooth statistical distribution, but this ignores all the details on the surface, completely eliminating the "glinty" visual effects that are easily observable in the real world. While modeling the actual surface microstructure is possible, the resulting rendering problem is prohibitively expensive using Monte Carlo point sampling. We consider the highly complicated distribution of normals on a surface patch seen through a single pixel, and evaluate this actual distribution efficiently with closed-form solutions, in both geometric and wave optics. Results show complicated, temporally varying glints from materials such as bumpy plastics, brushed and scratched metals, metallic paint and ocean waves-bringing the interesting and important details to Computer Graphics for the first time.

Attention Transfer Network for Nature Image Matting

Natural image matting is an important problem that widely applied in computer vision and graphics. Recent deep learning matting approaches have made an impressive process in both accuracy and efficiency. However, there are still two fundamental problems remain largely unsolved: 1) accurately separating an object from the image with similar foreground and background color or lots of details; 2) exactly extracting an object with fine structures from complex background. In this paper, we propose an attention transfer network (ATNet) to overcome these challenges. Specifically, we firstly design a feature attention block to effectively distinguish the foreground object from the color-similar regions by activating foreground-related features as well as suppressing others. Then, we introduce a scale transfer block to magnify the feature maps without adding extra information. By integrating the above blocks into an attention transfer module, we effectively reduce the artificial content in results and decrease the computational complexity. Besides, we use a perceptual loss to measure the difference between the feature representations of the predictions and the ground-truths. It can further capture the high-frequency details of the image, and consequently, optimize the fine structures of the object. Extensive experiments on two publicly common datasets ( i.e. , Composition-1k matting dataset, and www.alphamatting.com dataset) show that the proposed ATNet obtains significant improvements over the previous methods. The source code and compiled models have been made publicly available at https://github.com/ailsaim/ATNet .

Volcanoes in video games: the portrayal of volcanoes in commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) video games and their learning potential

Abstract. Volcanoes are a very common staple in mainstream video games. Particularly within the action–adventure genres, entire missions (e.g. Monster Hunter: Generation Ultimate, 2018) or even full storylines (e.g. Spyro: The Reignited Trilogy, 2018) can require players to traverse an active volcano. With modern advancements in video game capabilities and graphics, many of these volcanic regions contain a lot of detail. Most video games nowadays have gameplay times in excess of 50 h. The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild (2017), for example, brags a minimum of 60 h to complete. Therefore, players can spend a substantial amount of time immersed within the detailed graphics and unknowingly learn about volcanic traits while playing. If these details are factually accurate to what is observed in real-world volcanic systems, then video games can prove to be a powerful learning tool. However, inaccurate representations could instil a false understanding in thousands of players worldwide. Therefore, it is important to assess the accuracies of volcanology portrayed in mainstream video games and consider whether they can have an educational impact on the general public playing such games or whether these volcanic details are overlooked by players as they focus solely on the entertainment factor provided. We have therefore reviewed several popular commercial video games that contain volcanic aspects and evaluated how realistic said aspects are when compared to real-world examples. It was found that all the games reviewed had a combination of accurate and inaccurate volcanic features and each would vary from game to game. The visual aesthetics of these features are usually very realistic, including lava, ash fall and lahars. However, the inaccuracies or lack of representation of hazards that come with such features, such as ash-related breathing problems or severe burns from contact with molten lava, could have great negative impacts on a player's understanding of these deadly events. With further investigations assessing the direct impact on the general public, there is an opportunity to correctly assess how to incorporate the use of mainstream video games in educational systems and outreach.

Review: Gordon Parks: The Flávio Story, edited by Paul Roth and Amanda Maddox

Review: <i>Gordon Parks: The Flávio Story</i>, edited by Paul Roth and Amanda Maddox

Recent Political Manifesto Commitments to Basic Income in Canada

We detail the political party commitments of a basic income in Canada over the last decade, a period of time in which we have seen renewed conversations about a basic income in Canada. We find that in all but one case the policy commitments lack any detail about design choices and no commitments to a basic income reference the principles of a basic income. Overall, at the political level there continues to be a lot of detail that have yet to be mapped out, detail that is important to understanding the specific commitment and whether the stated objectives could be achieved with the form of basic income proposed. In addition, the implementation of key technical elements seems poorly understood. These existing political commitments provide limited information that B.C.’s Expert Panel on Basic Income can use to inform any design decisions. This is unfortunate, as the policy debates on a basic income are unlikely to move forward in any definitive fashion without the details being flushed out.

An effective RGB color selection for complex 3D object structure in scene graph systems

The goal of this project is to develop a complete, fully detailed 3D interactive model of the human body and systems in the human body, and allow the user to interacts in 3D with all the elements of that system, to teach students about human anatomy. Some organs, which contain a lot of details about a particular anatomy, need to be accurately and fully described in minute detail, such as the brain, lungs, liver and heart. These organs are need have all the detailed descriptions of the medical information needed to learn how to do surgery on them, and should allow the user to add careful and precise marking to indicate the operative landmarks on the surgery location. Adding so many different items of information is challenging when the area to which the information needs to be attached is very detailed and overlaps with all kinds of other medical information related to the area. Existing methods to tag areas was not allowing us sufficient locations to attach the information to. Our solution combines a variety of tagging methods, which use the marking method by selecting the RGB color area that is drawn in the texture, on the complex 3D object structure. Then, it relies on those RGB color codes to tag IDs and create relational tables that store the related information about the specific areas of the anatomy. With this method of marking, it is possible to use the entire set of color values (R, G, B) to identify a set of anatomic regions, and this also makes it possible to define multiple overlapping regions.

Interior Inspection for Equipment and Furnishings System of Civil Aircraft

Equipment and Furnishings System of civil aircraft has many sub-systems, including Pilot Seat, Observer Seat, Cabin Attendant Seat, Galley, Lavatory, Passenger Seat, Overhead Bin, Cockpit Lining, Cabin Lining, Cargo Lining, Emergency Equipment, Passenger Service Unit and Placards/Markings. Inspection (MOC7), as one of means of compliance for certification, is usually used for the certification of the regulations of FAR25.562, 785, 815, etc. The sub-systems in Equipment and Furnishings System are very different at every aspect. They have different functions, working principles and system architectures. These differences make the inspection of Equipment and Furnishings System complicated. A lot of details need attention. This article described the inspection requirement and Pass/Failure criteria for Equipment and Furnishings System.

Christianizing Asia Minor: Conversion, Communities, and Social Change in the Pre-Constantinian Era by Paul McKechnie

Reviewed by: Christianizing Asia Minor: Conversion, Communities, and Social Change in the Pre-Constantinian Era by Paul McKechnie Ulrich Huttner Paul McKechnie Christianizing Asia Minor: Conversion, Communities, and Social Change in the Pre-Constantinian Era Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019 Pp. 332. $99.99. More and more studies explore the processes of Christianization in Asia Minor, and we are grateful to Paul McKechnie for having set an important milestone in this field. It is not the first time that the author has contributed to the discussion, as his survey about Christian city councilors is well-known (Interdisciplinary Journal of Research on Religion 5 [2009]: 1–20). The title of his new book may be a little misleading as it does not treat all of Asia Minor, but focuses only a [End Page 341] small part, Phrygia and its “mixed urban-rural communities” (16). Explaining the religious developments, McKechnie refers to an idea drafted by P. L. Berger: the shift of the “sacred canopy” spread out over the territories controlled by the Romans (88, 196, 246). Chapter One focuses on Colossae: the Pauline Epistle to the Colossians is one of the central sources, and a pivotal question regards the kind of philosophy the author assails. There is every reason to suppose the Epistle was reacting to a complex texture of Greek, Phrygian, and Jewish traditions. In connection with this discussion, McKechnie provides a consistent sketch of the development of Jewish communities in Phrygia, underpinned by some instructive considerations of Talmudic evidence. As always he is very cautious about dividing the different religious identities too sharply: sometimes it is impossible to distinguish Jewish from Christian epitaphs. Chapter Two (“Hierapolis”) takes a look at one of the best-known towns in Phrygia. Here, McKechnie draws the line of Christian authority from Philippus, who came together with his daughters from Palestine to the Lycus Valley, further on to Papias and Apollinarius in the time of Marcus Aurelius. He makes some persuasive points in his reconstruction of a network of bishops in the province of Asia, but it remains doubtful whether they really belonged to the same kinship group (Eusebius, H.E. 5.24.6: συγγενεῖς) or were based in Hierapolis (59–61). Chapter Three, “Teachers of Asia: Ignatius, Polycarp, Paul and Thecla,” turns to Iconium and Pisidian Antioch as important scenes of action. The Acts of Paul and Thecla are rooted in inner Anatolia, and McKechnie is right to emphasize the author’s local knowledge. Polycarp’s Smyrnaean martyrdom and Ignatius’s epistles on the other hand rather illuminate the coastal zones of Asia Minor. Chapters Four and Five trace the development of Montanism: neither the biography of its founder is clear, nor the details of topography and chronology. Montanus came from the prophetical tradition one could observe among the earliest Christians. Integrating the first Christian epitaphs from Temenothyrae into Montanist evidence (132–38) may not convince everyone: the “presbytera” mentioned on one of them could even have belonged to a Christian movement opposing to the Montanists (S. Mitchell in P. Thonemann, ed., Roman Phrygia [Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013], 168–97; challenged by McKechnie,144–46). Chapters Six and Seven examine the testimonies about Aberkios, bishop of Phrygian Hieropolis under Marcus Aurelius. McKechnie’s remarks on his famous epitaph and the biblical echoes found in this text are highly illuminating. The opinion that Aberkios is to be identified with Avercius Marcellus, mentioned as anti-Montanist by Eusebius (H.E. 5.16.3), may be contested, but McKechnie is certainly right in explaining parts of the inscription in terms of its Montanist background (158–60). As always with hagiography, the historical evaluation of the Vita Abercii poses a lot of problems. It is significant that McKechnie submits the first English translation of this interesting text (263–87). There are a lot of details in the Vita explained by McKechnie in an excellent way, but taking the Acta Petri and their alleged influence on the Vita Abercii as a base for dating the latter (169–70) seems unconvincing. [End Page 342] Chapter Eight is about Apollonia in the Phrygo-Pisidian borderlands. McKechnie pinpoints one of the leading families during the time of Augustus, and he can...

Prilog proučavanju pojma ukrasa u likovnoj umetnosti - pravila i zakonitosti

The ornament is a part of every visual culture in the world. Its history goes back to early ages of human race. It is one of the most important fine art categories. The ornament was less important fine art category for a long time. The subject of this paper are various types of ornament altogether with personal experience in creating ornaments. The main aim was to reveal basis of ornament, its features and also to put in focus the importance of our attention in art process. Ornament has four categories determined by its appereance. Its complex forms, mathematical approach and lots of details are features I found similar in my art practice (paintings or drawings with various themes). The conclusions derived from comparison of this two various types of ornaments are contribution to examinations of its history through the eye of the artist.

Migration Matters: Mobility in a Globalising World

Migration Matters is a one-stop shop for those who are interested in issues of migration in the global South and, in particular, in the Indian context. Gurucharan Gollerkeri and Natasha Chhabra assert that the book does not provide a comprehensive survey of migration, but rather attempts to give a conceptual framework for the political economy and the dynamics that affect migration practice at the international and national levels. The book is targeted at students, academics, and policymakers. However, it is more suitable for a student audience, as it goes into quite a lot of detail regarding the different theories and frameworks relating to migration, which might be of less benefit to the other target groups. The authors also provide a more historical overview of migration in the Indian context, which can be quite limiting in aiding understanding of wider global migration issues. Policymakers might also find the content rather repetitive, outdated in terms of the data provided, as well as often vague in its recommendations for policy development in relation to migration. For example, the data relied on covers the period from 1991 up to 2013; it highlights the rapid growth in the skilled Indian migrant population between 1990 and 2000, but does not take into consideration the decline in skilled migration between 2000 and 2013. Figure 11.2, entitled ‘Distribution of Indian Diaspora in Selected Middle Eastern Countries’ (p 179), identifies Saudi Arabia, with the largest Indian population outside India in 2012, as the preferred destination country in the Middle East for Indian migrants. However, the reader must note that this has changed; since 2015, according to United Nations data,1 the United Arab Emirates has become the preferred destination for Indian migrants in the Middle East.