Loss Of Sales Research Articles

What Do You Think About Your Company's Leaks? A Survey on End-Users Perception Toward Data Leakage Mechanisms.

Data leakage can lead to severe issues for a company, including financial loss, damage of goodwill, reputation, lawsuits and loss of future sales. To prevent these problems, a company can use other mechanisms on top of traditional Access Control. These mechanisms include for instance Data Leak Prevention or Information Rights Management and can be referred as Transmission Control. However, such solutions can lack usability and can be intrusive for end-users employees. To have a better understanding of the perception and usage of such mechanisms within business infrastructures, we have conducted in this article an online survey on 150 employees. These employees come from different companies of different sizes and sectors of activity. The results show that whatever the size of the company or its sector of activity, security mechanisms such as access control and transmission control can be considered as quite intrusive and blocking for employees. Moreover, our survey also shows interesting results regarding more acceptable and user-friendly anti-data leakage mechanisms that could be used within companies.

Borrowing or crowdfunding: a comparison of poverty alleviation participation modes considering altruistic preferences

ABSTRACT In developing countries, farmers lack capital for market-oriented production and information for making informed production and sales decisions. To alleviate poverty, many enterprises, such as JD Finance, have developed crowdfunding poverty alleviation initiatives for poor farmers. In this mode, although enterprises provide a crowdfunding platform for farmers to raise production funds, farmers may incur sales losses. In this study, we investigate a fundamental question: how can we choose an optimal mode between crowdfunding and the traditional mode? Our analysis reveals that the optimal selection depends on the interaction of the consumer's willingness-to-pay and the cost coefficient for quality investment. Additionally, the degree of risk aversion, the lending rate, demand uncertainty and crowdfunding risk affect farmer selection. We demonstrate that when the scale of altruistic consumers is relatively small, the proportion of altruistic consumers and their motivation intensity are two interacting forces that steer the farmer's mode choice. Otherwise, a farmer's preferred mode choice relates only to the latter, and the former affects only the pricing strategy under the crowdfunding mode. Our study not only contributes to the emerging poverty alleviation literature but also provides managerial insights regarding the selection of the optimal mode for poverty alleviation for farmers.

Measuring Food Insecurity during the COVID‐19 Pandemic of Spring 2020

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic in the spring of 2020 resulted high levels of unemployment, higher food prices, and loss of business sales. This deterioration in households' financial status likely increased food insecurity in the US, but by how much? While the US government will not measure food insecurity until December of 2020, previous research has developed a methodology whereby internet surveys that can be rapidly deployed using opt‐in panels can approximate government numbers. We employ this methodology to measure food insecurity in May of 2020. Results suggest that while there is little to no detectable rise in food insecurity for all households, the percent of households with children classified as food insecure is about three percentage points higher than it was in 2016 and 2017.

STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF THE FOOD INDUSTRY ENTERPRISES IN UKRAINE

Introduction. Reforming the agricultural sector of Ukraine's economy is aimed at developing modern competitive production that can provide not only full satisfaction of domestic demand for food products, but also expand the share of domestic agri-food products in foreign markets. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to form a full-fledged technological chain that would cover all stages of agro-industrial production - from raw materials to the manufacture of finished products. Purpose. Research of the current state of food industry enterprises of Ukraine and prospects of their development. Results. The restoration and development of food industry enterprises is an important socio-economic task from the decision, which depends on the success of not only the agrarian reform, but also the transformational transformations of the entire economy of the country. The dynamics of the number of food processing enterprises in Ukraine is very unstable. This indicates that the transformation processes in the agro-industrial sector are far from complete. The main reasons for the decrease in the number of meat, milk and fish processing plants are reduction of the raw material base, loss of foreign sales markets, and change in the gastronomic preferences of Ukrainian consumers. Conclusions. The increase in the number of oil extraction plants is the result of a successful protectionist policy through the introduction of an export duty on sunflower seeds. A decrease in the number of food industry enterprises engaged in the processing of food grains is due to increased competition, reduced demand, and low development of the export vector of product sales. To stabilize the number of food industry enterprises and increase production volumes of the corresponding products, it is necessary for owners of enterprises to initiate the formation of integrated holding-type structures to ensure the supply of raw materials of appropriate quality and in sufficient quantities; to organize the production of food products that do not pose a potential threat to the health of consumers; etc. Key words: processing enterprises, food industry, raw materials, quality, competition, demand, sales markets.

Growing the Sales of ‘Wondersmoke’: Overcoming the Retailers Capital Crunch

In March 2018, Rajan joined Wondersmoke India Ltd (WIL) as a sales executive for their cigarette business in Odisha, India. Although there was good demand for Wondersmoke as per the internal customer survey report of WIL on Kendrapara district of Odisha, a lot of the time, the demand was not fulfilled as the retailers did not have sufficient stock owing to inadequate working capital. Rajan needed to increase the cigarette sales from retail outlets in Kendrapara by ensuring that there was no loss of sales due to the lack of working capital of the retailers. Further, he needed to achieve the desired sales performance without making any exception to the company policy of no credit.

What goes around comes around: The effects of sanctions on Swedish firms in the wake of the Ukraine crisis

AbstractThis study uses the sanctions imposed on and by Russia in 2014 as an exogenous shock on Swedish firms. The results suggest that the total short‐run cost of these sanctions on the Swedish economy amounted to around 1 billion SEK in 2013 prices, which implies a rather limited impact (around 0.025% of the Swedish GDP). The sanction effects were, however, highly asymmetric, and the direct effect on firms exporting banned products to Russia was a 70% drop in exports to Russia and an increased probability of exiting this market with 0.6 units. The indirect effects on nonbanned products were a 36% drop in sales and an increased probability of exiting of around 0.2 units. The disruption on the Russian market also created ripple effects outside this market, which was manifested in a 20% drop in the domestic production of banned products, a 12% drop in sales on markets outside Russia and a new export pattern. These negative ripple effects were also found to be pronounced in firms with their core products exposed to these sanctions, in firms with financial distress and in regions with a relatively low level of labour productivity.

Cost-Effectiveness Of A Workplace Ban On Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Sales: A Microsimulation Model.

Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) increase chronic disease risk. We estimated the impact on employee health and health care spending of banning SSB sales in California-based health care organizations. We used survey data from a large, multisite health care organization in California, sampling 2,276 employees three months before and twelve months after a workplace SSB sales ban was imposed. We incorporated the survey data into a simulation model to estimate chronic disease incidence and costs. We estimated that an SSB ban as effective as the one observed would save about $300,000 per 10,000 people over ten years among similar employers, as a result of averted health care and productivity spending—after both SSB sales losses and non-SSB beverage sales gains were accounted for. Sales bans would typically need to reduce SSB consumption by 2.2 ounces per person per day for lost revenue to be fully offset if there were no increase in non-SSB beverage sales.

Synchronizing pricing and replenishment to serve forward‐looking customers

AbstractWe incorporate strategic customer waiting behavior in the classical economic order quantity (EOQ) setting. The seller determines not only the timing and quantities of the inventory replenishment, but also the selling prices over time. While similar ideas of market segmentation and intertemporal price discrimination can be carried over from the travel industries to other industries, inventory replenishment considerations common to retail outlets and supermarkets introduce additional features to the optimal pricing scheme. Specifically, our study provides concrete managerial recommendations that are against the conventional wisdom on “everyday low price” (EDLP) versus “high‐low pricing” (Hi‐Lo). We show that in the presence of inventory costs and strategic customers, Hi‐Lo instead of EDLP is optimal when customers have homogeneous valuations. This result suggests that because of strategic customer behavior, the seller obtains a new source of flexibility—the ability to induce customers to wait—which always leads to a strictly positive increase of the seller's profit. Moreover, the optimal inventory policy may feature a dry period with zero inventory, but this period does not necessarily result in a loss of sales as customers strategically wait for the upcoming promotion. Furthermore, we derive the solution approach for the optimal policy under heterogeneous customer valuation setting. Under the optimal policy, the replenishments and price promotions are synchronized, and the seller adopts high selling prices when the inventory level is low and plans a discontinuous price discount at the replenishment point when inventory is the highest.

Optimal Category Mix in Multi-Category Retailing – Insights from an Experiment

In brick-and-mortar retailing format, retailers need to ensure minimum level of inventorydisplayed at each store for each category irrespective of the revenue or profit generated by aparticular category. It is observed that majority of bricks-and-mortar retailers in India assume;(a) existing category mix is ideal for their stores, (b) any modification in the existing categorymix could possibly lead to loss of sale of an existing category, (c) it is preferred to havecategories generating higher average transaction values and most importantly,(d) categorieswith lower average selling price products and generating lower average transaction valuesnegatively impact store’s revenue. Such assumptions and widely followed practice havecreated a predisposition and mindset in store managers and they believe that, their storedelivers revenue and profit to the best of its potential with the existing category mix. In thisresearch, we have analysed the existing category mix of a select retailer, attempted to alter theexisting category mix through an experiment and evaluated change in (a) category levelprofitability, and (b) overall store profitability.

Optimal Category Mix in Multi-Category Retailing – Insights from an Experiment

In brick-and-mortar retailing format, retailers need to ensure minimum level of inventory displayed at each store for each category irrespective of the revenue or profit generated by a particular category. It is observed that majority of bricks-and-mortar retailers in India assume; (a) existing category mix is ideal for their stores, (b) any modification in the existing category mix could possibly lead to loss of sale of an existing category, (c) it is preferred to have categories generating higher average transaction values and most importantly, (d) categories with lower average selling price products and generating lower average transaction values negatively impact store’s revenue. Such assumptions and widely followed practice have created a predisposition and mindset in store managers and they believe that, their store delivers revenue and profit to the best of its potential with the existing category mix. In this research, we have analysed the existing category mix of a select retailer, attempted to alter the existing category mix through an experiment and evaluated change in: (a) category level profitability, and (b) overall store profitability.

Integrated Inventory Management Control Framework

The concept of minimum display quantity (MDQ) is unavoidable in brick-and-mortar retailing format owing to which, retailers need to ensure a minimum level of inventory displayed at each store irrespective of the revenue or inventory turns generated by a particular store. It is observed that majority of bricks-and-mortar retailers in India assume;(a) existing inventory management system is ideal to their store, (b) software solutions record accurate inventory movement, (c) involving store management team in inventory related decision making is risky/biased and most importantly (d) loss of sale due to stockouts is inevitable. Such assumptions and widely followed practice have created a predisposition and mindset in store managers and they believe that their store delivers revenue and profit to the best of its potential with the inventory which is made available to them through existing inventory management system and we cannot avoid a number of instances consumers are unsatisfied due to stockout situations. In this research, we have analysed the existing decision-making process and control systems related to inventory management of a select retailer, attempted to design a new framework and applied the same through an experiment to evaluate the change in (a) overall store profitability and (b) inventory related key performance indicators.

Integrated Inventory Management Control Framework

The concept of minimum display quantity (MDQ) is unavoidable in brick-and-mortar retailing format owing to which, retailers need to ensure a minimum level of inventory displayed at each store irrespective of the revenue or inventory turns generated by a particular store. It is observed that majority of bricks-and-mortar retailers in India assume; (a) existing inventory management system is ideal to their store, (b) software solutions record accurate inventory movement, (c) involving store management team in inventory related decision making is risky/biased and most importantly, (d) loss of sale due to stockouts is inevitable. Such assumptions and widely followed practice have created a predisposition and mindset in store managers and they believe that their store delivers revenue and profit to the best of its potential with the inventory which is made available to them through existing inventory management system and we cannot avoid a number of instances consumers are unsatisfied due to stockout situations. In this research, we have analysed the existing decision-making process and control systems related to inventory management of a select retailer, attempted to design a new framework and applied the same through an experiment to evaluate the change in (a) overall store profitability, and (b) inventory related key performance indicators.

Harmful Algal Blooms and Tourism: The Economic Impact to Counties in Southwest Florida

The most recent red tide bloom in the summer of 2018 served as a wake up call to many in the Gulf region of Florida. The algal bloom decimated the coast, killing off scores of fish and marine life. As beaches were forced to close, tourists and residents alike were no longer producing usual economic activity on the shorelines. This, however, has happened before. We consider four major blooms from the past twenty years, two in 2005, one in 2006, and the aforementioned bloom in 2018. All lasted for over three months and had significant impacts on the economy. We examine the effects of two industries, the lodging and restaurant sectors, to determine the magnitude of losses in taxable sales caused by red tide. Using a difference-in-differences model, we compare taxable sales in counties affected by red tide to those that were unaffected. We find that affected counties produce 5-7 percent and 1.5-2.5 percent less in the lodging and restaurant sectors, respectively. If red tide blooms become more frequent and persistent, losses for coastal businesses could also continue to grow. Policy and strategy to mitigate economics losses must take into consideration the harmful effects of these algal blooms.

Economic Losses Estimation due to Rejection of Indonesian Exported Food

Export rejection has become an issue of concern for both exporting and importing countries. Rejection of food exports that occur directly or indirectly resulted in losses experienced by many parties. The purposes of this research were to identify the factors that play a role in the calculation of the estimated economic losses due to the rejection of export food and estimated the value of the economic losses. The commodities studied were tuna, shrimp, and nutmeg. While the export destination studied were the United States, the European Union, and Japan. The method used in this research was survey and descriptive analysis. The calculation of the estimated economic losses was done by using the equation obtained from the result of a literature study and data collection. Components that contribute to the calculation of estimated losses due to a rejection of Indonesian exports consist of the loss of sales and related activities on communication, testing and retesting, transportation and execution. The highest economic losses based on data from the three years (2014-2016) was on tuna that was estimated at US$3.01 million per year by the rejection from the United States. The transportation cost contributed to the highest loses as much as 59% or US$2.4 million per year.

A Systematic Approach to the Purchase Dependence

Under the situation which customer orders are cancelled unless all products in the order are delivered all at once, this paper concentrates on the purchase dependent demands and explores the systematic approach to implant the purchase dependence into the multi-product inventory model. First, by acknowledging that it is a challenging task to formulate a suitable inventory model for the purchase dependence, we derive the optimal solution condition using an EOQ model and extend the optimal solution condition to periodic review models. Then, through the comparison simulation of four inventory policies regarding several degrees of purchase dependence, we demonstrate that the inventory models which consider the purchase dependence generate less total cost than the inventory models which ignore the purchase dependence. In general, the inventory models which consider the purchase dependence reduce the loss of sales by maintaining more inventories, which results in reducing the total cost. Consequently, the simulation result supports the effectiveness of this paper’s approach. In addition, this paper uses the individual order period and joint order period obtained from the EOQ model for the multi-product inventory model. Through the in-depth analysis of comparing the two models, we observe that the model of using the joint order period produces less total cost when the degree of purchase dependence is high, but the model of using the individual order period produces less total cost when the degree of purchase dependence is low.

Inventory Control Application on Indonesia Small Medium Enterprises Using Smartphone

Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) playing a big role in domestic economic activities, especially in a developing country such as Indonesia. They accommodate a large amount of employment and generate quite large income for many economic sectors such as textile, furniture, footwear, food and beverages. Usually, SMEs do not have a big stock of goods, consider the SMEs has a low capital. That makes SMEs usually rely on turnover from stock items with a small stock of goods. This certainly causes the monitoring process of the goods of stock’s data is very important. If an error occurs, stock-outs can easily arise which can cause loss of sales. Calculation and adjustment of the stock of goods and assets owned by the SME whether in the warehouse or storefront must often be carried out more often. To help inventory control process on SMEs, this research attempt to build a simple inventory control process application. This IT application is expected can operate easily by people who are not familiar with IT and relatively cheap so can be used by various layers of SMEs. The application will be running on Android-based smartphone. The application could download the SMEs stock data and doing inventory control by scanned the barcode that attaches on the item. The scanning process is simply using a camera on the smartphone. After inventory control process, SMEs employee could upload their data directly to a database server using Wi- Fi without re-entry their inventory control result. So this could save employee work time.
 Keywords: Android-based application; inventory control process; stock out

Analisis Pengendalian Persediaan Bahan Baku Kerupuk Mentah Potato Dan Kentang Keriting Menggunakan Metode Economic Order Quantity (EOQ)

<em>The increase in the food industrial sector over the year making food producers experience tighter competition. In this era of intense competition in the food industry, raw material inventory control in PT. Surya Indah Food Multirasa is still facing a problem of lacking raw material in potatoes and curly potatoes every year, which affects in sale loss. This study is conducted to find out the precise amount of order in every raw material purchase, so there is no lack of raw material, at a lower cost. This study uses the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) method for analyzing raw material control for potatoes and curly potatoes. Comparing the uses of company policy and EOQ. EOQ analysis calculation followed by conducting safety stock (SS) analysis, maximum inventory (MI) analysis, Total Inventory Cost (TIC) analysis, and reorder point (ROP) analysis, therefore, optimal stock for the company can be discovered. The result of EOQ analysis showed that the EOQ method is more efficient than company policy with TIC average difference for potato’s raw material that is Rp. 856.124 and curly potatoes raw material that is Rp. 1.065.989. The average EOQ value of potato’s raw material is 344 kg while curly potatoes are 234 kg. Next is the average SS value for potato raw material is 75 kg while curly potatoes are 35 kg, and the average ROP value for potato raw is 123 kg while curly potatoes are 58 kg. This research also performs forecasting using Winter’s method so that data demand for the year of 2019 can be discovered. The forecast result with the EOQ method for the year 2019 is 371 kg for potato's raw material and 258 kg for curly potatoes.</em>

Food Contamination: A Primer

Food is regarded as hygienic and safe for consumption when it does not pose any threat or risk to the health and economy such as sales loss. Food contamination occurs when bacteria or other germs get into food, which can cause food-borne illness. Whilemost food contaminations are accidental, there has been some evidence of intentional food contamination. A major accident infood contamination can cost a company a massive recall that may be devastating to its reputation and profit because it hasserious consequences for the health and wellbeing of people and the planet. This paper aims at providing a primer on foodcontamination, its causes, and prevention

Cross-regional cold chain fresh product logistics network based on GO-FLOW analysis

Fresh products have a large loss in the process of cross-regional logistics. In this study, the cross-regional fresh cold chain logistics network was analyzed using GO-FLOW analysis method. First, the basic principle of GO-FLOW analysis method was introduced. Then, taking the cold chain logistics network of mangosteen as an example, the GO-FLOW diagram was established, the signal strength was calculated, and the logistics network was improved according to the analysis results. The results showed that the reliability of the logistics network was 0.842, among which the reliability loss in precooling, long-distance transportation and sales was the largest. After improving the logistics network according to the three links, the reliability of the logistics network rose to 0.958, increased by 5.53%, among which the long-distance transportation link increased by 9.03%. The analysis results verifies the feasibility of GO-FLOW analysis method in logistics network analysis and make some contributions to improve the efficiency of physical network and ensure food safety.

Anti-crisis approach in the industrial enterprise management: methodological tools of preventive regulation

The paper covers the theoretical and methodological framework for assessment of the crisis management effectiveness and the enterprise bankruptcy probability. At the present stage of the Ukrainian economic development, the main weaknesses in the activities of enterprises include: loss of sales markets, imperfect production and sales policy, lack of working capital, inefficient financial management, significant production costs, which produce signs of crisis processes and determine the feasibility of preventive approach anti-crisis management use. At the same time, the choice of the topic is due to insufficient research of this scientific problem as a whole and its relevance for the economy of Ukraine, especially in the context of the search for external investment resources, cooperation on this basis with the European Union. It was determined that one of the ways to solve the problem of predicting the probability of bankruptcy is the use of insolvency prediction models developed on the basis of the discriminant analysis method – Z-coefficients. The authors systematized the most well-known approaches to predicting the likelihood of bankruptcy of industrial enterprises, illustrated their advantages and disadvantages, the mutual consistency of use. It has been established that additional opportunities for monitoring the effectiveness of anti-crisis measures are created by a system of indicators characterizing the level of effectiveness of the anti-crisis management system. Evaluating the effectiveness of the anti-crisis program only on the basis of an analysis of relative indicators is not enough: during the global financial crisis, sometimes convincing indicators of efficiency are absolute indicators and a projected trend of their change. As part of this study, attention is paid to the analytical levers of the crisis management mechanism, which are aimed at preventive regulation and localization of crisis processes in the enterprise, restoring the effectiveness of production and marketing activities.