Loss Of Market Share Research Articles

Ridesplitting is shaping young people’s travel behavior: Evidence from comparative survey via ride-sourcing platform

To better understand the young people’s ridesplitting behavior characteristics and behavioral impacts on the emerging ride-sourcing platform, we present a survey-based comparison of DiDi Hitch and DiDi Express Pool that provide ridesplitting services in Hangzhou, China. Hitch is a social carpooling platform that helps commuters share rides. Express Pool is a mobility network providing pooled rides as the ridesplitting option of Express. In this paper, we explore why ridesplitting is popular, which mode is the primary, and how ridesplitting affects young people’s travel behavior. A total of 607 investigated responses were collected via the DiDi ride-sourcing platform. Based on the survey data, a variety of behavioral aspects were analyzed, including the trip purpose, temporal and spatial characteristics of trips, travel time/cost variation, and modal shift frequency. Behavioral impacts on modal shift were further analyzed in a binary logit framework. The findings show that Hitch and Express Pool have both similarities and differences. Hitch is intended for long trips, while Express Pool is mainly intended for short trips as a supplement of multimodal mobility. It also provides evidence for ridesplitting user identification and the market share loss of bus and taxi. Some suggestions are raised for discussions in future research.

Collectivism and the costs of high leverage

Abstract Prior literature shows that high leverage is associated with losses in market share due to unfavorable actions by customers and competitors. Building on this literature, we investigate the effect of collectivism on the product market performance of highly leveraged firms. Using a sample of 46 countries over the 1989–2016 period, we find significantly lower costs of high leverage for countries with higher collectivism scores. Moreover, we find that the impact of collectivism on high leverage costs is more pronounced for firms with high product specialization and with financially healthy rivals. In additional analysis, we find that collectivism helps highly leveraged firms retain employees and obtain trade credit from suppliers. Our findings thus suggest that a country's culture affects corporate financial outcomes by influencing the actions of firm stakeholders.

A IMPORTÂNCIA DO MERCADO LATINO-AMERICANO E DA COMPETIÇÃO CHINESA PARA O DESEMPENHO RECENTE DAS EXPORTAÇÕES BRASILEIRAS DE PRODUTOS MANUFATURADOS

As exportações brasileiras de produtos manufaturados apresentam uma especialização geográfica bem demarcada, tanto em termos de volume quanto de composição e grau de sofisticação dos produtos. Para os produtos manufaturados, a América Latina se tornou o principal mercado desde os anos 1990, além de revelar algum grau de articulação produtiva entre as economias. Porém, ao longo dos anos 2000, a parcela de mercado de manufaturados do Brasil na região vem se reduzindo devido à perda de competitividade dos produtos brasileiros associada ao acirramento da concorrência chinesa na região e à erosão das preferências comerciais do Brasil na América Latina. O presente trabalho analisa o desempenho e as perspectivas das exportações brasileiras de manufaturados segundo seus principais destinos usando indicadores de comércio (de market share e de similaridade das pautas exportadoras), que sistematizam as informações acerca da especialização da pauta exportadora brasileira e da articulação produtiva do Brasil com seus principais parceiros. Tal análise evidencia a importância do comércio regional para as exportações de manufaturados do país, apesar da redução do market share do Brasil nesses mercados. A fim de aprofundar o entendimento das causas para essa evolução recente, são examinados as perdas e ganhos das exportações de manufaturados do Brasil na Aladi em relação à China, utilizando-se uma versão modificada da metodologia de constant market share (CMS).

Pricing against supply disruption under duopolistic competition

AbstractThis paper investigates two pricing policies against supply disruption for a supply chain with vertical product differentiation as well as an external competitor who sells similar products. Market‐chasing pricing policy aims at minimizing the market share loss, while profit‐chasing pricing policy aims to minimize the profit loss under supply disruption. Stackelberg games are established to analyze the equilibrium pricing behaviors with both pricing policies under supply disruption. It is shown that the effectiveness of market‐chasing pricing policy depends on the competitive power of the manufacturer and competitor, while profit‐chasing pricing policy is always helpful for the manufacturer to reduce her profit loss under supply disruption. Furthermore, to minimize market share loss, firms need to lower both the price of the disrupted product and the undisrupted product. But firms can lower the price of the disrupted product only and increase the price of other undisrupted products to minimize the profit loss.

Does corporate social responsibility reduce the costs of high leverage? Evidence from capital structure and product market interactions

Abstract Research on capital structure and product market interactions shows that high leverage is associated with substantial losses in market share due to unfavorable actions by customers and competitors. We examine whether corporate social responsibility (CSR) affects firms’ interactions with customers and competitors, and whether it can reduce the costs of high leverage. We find that CSR reduces losses in market share when firms are highly leveraged. By reducing adverse behavior by customers and competitors, CSR helps highly leveraged firms keep customers and guard against rivals’ predation. Our results support the stakeholder value maximization view of CSR.

Understanding technology adoption by orthodontists: A qualitative study.

Orthodontics is evolving with advances in 3D imaging, additive fabrication, digital scanning, and treatment planning. With digital tools, orthodontic treatment may become more predictable, efficient, and effective while reducing side-effects. These technologies are affecting patient care, but knowledge of their adoption patterns and influence is incomplete. We aimed to identify adoption decision makers, information sources, perspectives, incentives, and barriers. Twenty-four privately practicing orthodontists were interviewed in a semistructured format following a topic guide. Interview transcripts were analyzed to identify factors in technology adoption and its perceived influence on practice. Thematic patterns were established through iterative systematic analysis, and qualitative validity was ensured with researcher triangulation. Qualitative interviews revealed that orthodontists make purchasing decisions independently from staff, after consulting other dentists and company representatives. Meetings, residency training, and continuing education courses are influential information sources, whereas research literature is not. Early and middle adopters are integrating digital imaging, planning, and fabrication technologies into practice and view enhanced ease of use, capabilities, performance, and procedural efficiency as primary incentives to adoption. Improving outcomes and patient comfort are not frequently cited as incentives, and all interviewees view cost as the largest barrier. Orthodontists positively perceive the influence of technology on their practices, but are concerned that further innovation and direct-to-consumer products will cause loss of market share. CAD/CAM appliances, 3D imaging, and digital treatment planning are viewed as future standards of care and are increasingly being incorporated into the orthodontic office. Understanding the technology adoption process can guide innovation to improve treatment and ease the transition into a digital workflow.

Customer-oriented optimization of the airplane boarding process

Commercial airlines are exposed to a highly competitive international market environment. Cost has to be reduced and efficiency has to be increased constantly. At the same time, customer satisfaction needs to be increased. Otherwise, the airline in question would face loss of market share. One area of improvement is the airplane boarding process, which has been subject to many simulation-based research projects resulting in significant reduction of boarding time. However, those models neglected the customer's wishes regarding sitting or boarding in groups. Using a simulation approach, this paper presents a model for a reduction of boarding time with consideration of customers' expectations. The achieved boarding times are found to be higher than previously reported minimum times, but show a boarding time reduction in comparison with conventional boarding strategies.

Disruption and Credit Markets

In the past thirty years, defaults on corporate bonds have been substantially higher than the historical average. We show that this increase in credit risk can be largely attributed to an increase in the rate at which new and fast-growing firms displace incumbents (a phenomenon sometimes referred to as ‘disruptive innovation’). Industries with a lager presence of firms newly listed on the stock market, as well as industries that receive funding from venture capital, have a higher loss of revenue market share for established firms and subsequently see a rise in corporate bond defaults. Patent filings by individuals as opposed to corporations also predict defaults. These results are not affected by inclusion of controls for industry exposure to offshore manufacturing.

The Exports of Higher Education Services from OECD Countries to Asian Countries, A Gravity Approach

We analyze bilateral exports of higher education services between OECD countries and Asia, using a gravity equation approach, panel data from 1998 to 2016, and PPML regression. The approach treats higher education consumption by Asian countries as a consumable durable good reflecting investment in human capital. Asian Students come to OECD countries to obtain degrees from their universities. Structurally, the flow of students from Asian country j to OECD country i depends on the higher-education capacity of i, the perceived quality of universities in i, expected earnings in i, a series of bilateral transaction costs between i and j, the income per capita in j, school-age demographics in j, and the usual multilateral trade resistance terms. We find that bilateral flows of students are strongly influenced by wage levels in the host country, bilateral distance, importers’ income, demographics, common language, the visa regime prevailing in bilateral country pairs, and the network of migrants from j in i. These results hold through a variation of specifications, proxies, and estimation methods. We find mixed evidence on the role of tertiary education capacity in OECD countries and no evidence of a country’s universities reputations explaining the flow of students. The evolution over time of education capacity, earnings, visa regimes, migrant networks, strong income growth and changes in demographics in nearby export markets explain the emergence of Australia, Canada, Korea, and New Zealand and the loss of market share by the US, which still strongly dominates international trade in higher education services. The decline in Chinese students coming to the US is also predicted for the most recent years driven by reduced by its college-age population.

A Fuzzy ANP-Based GRA Approach to Evaluate ERP Packages

One of the major problems that most companies face with during the implementation of an ERP system is to determine the best satisfying ERP software based on their needs and expectations. Because an improperly selected ERP software might lead to time loss and increased costs, and in the long run, a loss of market share. Therefore, the ERP evaluation process for companies becomes to a vital point. On the other hand, evaluating ERP software alternatives under a set of criteria leads us to a multiple-criteria decision making (MCDM) problem, and needs to use proper MCDM methods. In the current literature, a number of the MCDM methods have been proposed to solve these kinds of problems, both of which are the analytic network process (ANP) of Saaty, and grey relational analysis (GRA) which has been widely used in solving MCDM selection problems in various fields. Moreover, in this article, the authors used the fuzzy extension of the ANP method to reflect the uncertainty and ambiguity of decision maker(s) into problem in order to reach more reliable solution. As the fuzzy ANP method was used to calculate the priority weights of the evaluation criteria, the GRA method with fuzzy interval-values was employed to rank a set of the possible ERP software alternatives. The proposed approach was also validated in a case study to show its applicability to potential readers and practitioners.

Analysis of freight mode choice decisions of shippers and forwarders: pre-liberalisation survey

Liberalisation of rail markets has been in progress in the EU since the beginning of 2007. This allows any licensed EU incumbent or non-incumbent railway company with the necessary safety certification to apply for capacity and offer freight services by rail throughout the EU. The experiences of the liberalised rail markets demonstrate that the majority of the new rail freight services providing companies have drawn customers from incumbents and very few companies have been successful in attracting new ones. Thus, unleashing competition by opening the market requires the incumbents to understand customers' mode and carrier choice behaviour as a first step, if they are to avoid dramatic and rapid losses of market share. This study provides an assessment of the influences on the transport mode choice of shippers and forwarders highlighting the important factors driving freight mode choice before the rail market liberalisation. The analysis is based on the findings of the survey conducted by interviewing shippers and forwarders. The results of the research revealed that cost is the main factor in determining the modal choice of both shippers and forwarders demonstrating that they are price sensitive in transport service procurement.

Analysis of freight mode choice decisions of shippers and forwarders: pre-liberalisation survey

Liberalisation of rail markets has been in progress in the EU since the beginning of 2007. This allows any licensed EU incumbent or non-incumbent railway company with the necessary safety certification to apply for capacity and offer freight services by rail throughout the EU. The experiences of the liberalised rail markets demonstrate that the majority of the new rail freight services providing companies have drawn customers from incumbents and very few companies have been successful in attracting new ones. Thus, unleashing competition by opening the market requires the incumbents to understand customers' mode and carrier choice behaviour as a first step, if they are to avoid dramatic and rapid losses of market share. This study provides an assessment of the influences on the transport mode choice of shippers and forwarders highlighting the important factors driving freight mode choice before the rail market liberalisation. The analysis is based on the findings of the survey conducted by interviewing shippers and forwarders. The results of the research revealed that cost is the main factor in determining the modal choice of both shippers and forwarders demonstrating that they are price sensitive in transport service procurement.

Does Corporate Social Responsibility Reduce the Costs of High Leverage? Evidence from Capital Structure and Product Markets Interactions

Research on capital structure and product market interactions shows that high leverage is associated with substantial losses in market share due to unfavorable actions by customers and competitors. We examine whether corporate social responsibility (CSR) affects firms’ interactions with customers and competitors, and whether it can reduce the costs of high leverage. We find that CSR reduces losses in market share when firms are highly leveraged. By reducing adverse behavior by customers and competitors, CSR helps highly leveraged firms keep customers and guard against rivals’ predation. Our results support the stakeholder value maximization view of CSR.

Blocking of factorial experiments in galvanized wire zinc weight test

Industrial competitivity has been, in last years, the business stress aggravated by the strong advance of globalization, with huge effects in commercial world. The run for lower operational costs and for the resources optimization forces the serious organizations to use statistical methods to guarantee the most different development and improvement projects in its processes, for the effect of an error in these areas can lead to significant losses of company image, revenue and market share. The objective of this paper is to contextualize the factorial experiments with blocking method in industrial applications, giving practical examples for method applications and, with a real example, to apply the blocking tool in order to evidentiate its benefits.

Resistant grape varieties and market acceptance: an evaluation based on experimental economics

We analyze consumers’ evaluations of white wines from resistant varieties, produced in the Languedoc winegrowing region of France (2016 vintage). We use the results from a laboratory experiment performed in Paris in June 2017, where a panel of more than one hundred and sixty consumers, regular buyers of this type of wine, were asked to evaluate a wine of the Bouquet 3159 grape variety (monogenic variety resistant to mildew and powdery mildew and optimized for quality) and compare it with two conventional wines of different quality levels, and with a certified organic wine of similar type and price. The environmental and health performances and the production methods of the different wines were quantified according to several indicators: treatment frequency indicator (TFI) and pesticide residue analysis.
 The consumers first evaluated the wines after tasting, having been given only a minimum amount of information about the region of origin and the vintage, then again after receiving information on production methods and the levels of our indicators. The method used to lend credibility to individual valuations used experimental economics, via a mechanism based on direct disclosure of their willingness to pay (maximum purchase price for a bottle of wine according to available information). The results showed that, on a purely sensory level, consumers had difficulty in accepting wine from a resistant variety. We were then able to see that communication focusing on environmental and health performances very much improved the position of the resistant variety of wine, putting it ultimately at the top of the average qualitative evaluations. In economic terms, we show that this promotion results in high market share, gained from conventional wines. Market share losses were lower, however, for the premium conventional wine, suggesting that the higher quality wines would be less directly challenged by wines produced from resistant varieties.

السمات القيادية للمدير واثرها عل

The rapid change in the organization's external environment has led to a situation of intense competition, which has increased the apprehension of firms over the loss of market share and loss. This has led organizations to pay attention to the presence of a manager with qualities and qualities of leadership for the advantages in the organization of production meet demand, reduce costs and develop performance to obtain a competitive advantage that preserves or increases their market share and profits.The study seeks to identify a number of objectives, the most important of which were to learn about the relationship and influence between the study variables and the latest literature review of the frameworks intellectual and philosophical to the study variables and to determine the importance of the leadership qualities of the director through the ideas and concepts contained in the Department. and the input statement The output and the specificity of the manager's features that the organization can rely on to improve its performance and then review the latest studies of productivity concepts and efficiency and how they measure and affect the business of the company and benefit from it in its performance and the study sample included the Iraqi insurance company For the period from 2011-2015. The researchers relied to collect data on the company's reports and financial statements and analyze the research sample using statistical program(SPSS) through the extraction of percentages and arithmetic mean, standard deviation, coefficient of difference, Pearson correlation coefficient (person), and simple linear regression.As well as the application of Special scientific laws to productive efficiency.Finally, the study came out with conceptual, theoretical and practical conclusions that diagnosed the reality of the marketing plans and productivity indicators of the company and the main findings of the study:
 
 Privileged managers with the excellence and managerial experience that enable the company to enter new markets and exploit the available opportunities make the best use and investment of all its resources and direct it towards optimum production.
 There is a keen interest in planning, distributing productive tasks, exploiting the labour force and preventing their low levels of production.
 There is a keen interest in developing and training workers with available development courses that enable them to control the work and the development and business of the company. There is a need for a training role that is suited to the new business and empowering workers with a very good degree of work assigned to them.The study also made recommendations that were inspired by the theoretical and practical conclusions it had reached:
 
 Working to find two strategic intelligence workers and develop their leadership qualities to be better compensated for the loss of any expert or an administrative leader to achieve a privileged work environment, he can add a competitive advantage through which the company can differentiate and compete in its business.
 Rely on modern methods in designing and charting future plans to exploit the best insurance market.
 Building and determining the size and type of manpower to achieve ambitious plans and to cope with sustained and productive growth in order to balance inputs and outputs and maintain the rate of continuous improvement in the work.
 Constant attention to the development of workers and selection of a constellation or elite to create a new generation with distinctive characteristics and qualities and develop marketing strategies, identify opportunities and markets that can be exploited and identify future threats and difficulties to design a program that enables the company to Overcome and confirm the durability of growth.
 
 

English

Project management is one of the most important and poorly understood areas of management. Delays and cost overruns are common in projects such as construction, power generation, defense, software, product development, etc. Project management is affected by problems relating to costing and scheduling. Changes in the design of customer creates costly ripple effects which in turn lead to delay and disruption throughout an entire organization. In most cases, errors made earlier in engineering projects are discovered close to the end which may require costly rework, expediting, overtime, hiring, schedule slippage or reductions in project scope or quality. Poor profitability, loss of market share and reputation, increased turnover of management and workforce, lower productivity and higher costs are some of the effects of such errors. Other consequences include divisive and costly ligation between customers and contractors over responsibility for overruns and delays. This paper describes in brief, the relevance of modeling and simulation in the management of engineering projects with a case study in the oil and gas industry. Key words: Engineering management, modeling, project management, simulation applications, facility management.

Don’t Get Eaten! Understanding and Handling Cannibalization Risk

Abstract To minimize the potential loss of market share and profits, it is important to understand factors that drive cannibalization. Key brand variables for cannibalization risk concern how the new product compares in price and quality to existing products. Other relevant variables are the category, the type of product and a company’s distribution system. Also, whether a new product will coexist with or replace the existing product needs to be considered. Estimating cannibalization risk should assess possible effects on company operations. The positioning of new products needs to be planned and communicated carefully. Too many similar options may confuse the consumer. Brand and category factors as well as the consumption context can help managers mitigate the extent of cannibalization. Profit impact is more relevant than changes in sales figures. A lower-margin product cannibalizing a higher-margin product eats away at profits, but a higher-margin product cannibalizing a lower-margin one is potentially worth the cannibalization risk.

Maintenance strategy design in a sintering plant based on a multicriteria approach

Maintenance strategy design greatly contributes to ensure the pre-established production capacity of an industrial system and to reduce organisation cost, without compromising customer satisfaction resulting in loss of market share. The focus of the present research is a new model for maintenance policy developed and implemented in a case study. The new approach is focused on the adequate distribution of maintenance budget to system units according to the main factors determining availability and maintenance of equipment. These factors are summarised through appropriate indices, adjusted through a multicriteria method, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), depending on the importance level of each considered factor and unit of the system. The results can be used as a support for allocation of budgets to maintenance activities, identifying machines or units that are strategic to ensure production. The model has been applied on a real industrial plant.

Maintenance strategy design in a sintering plant based on a multicriteria approach

Maintenance strategy design greatly contributes to ensure the pre-established production capacity of an industrial system and to reduce organisation cost, without compromising customer satisfaction resulting in loss of market share. The focus of the present research is a new model for maintenance policy developed and implemented in a case study. The new approach is focused on the adequate distribution of maintenance budget to system units according to the main factors determining availability and maintenance of equipment. These factors are summarised through appropriate indices, adjusted through a multicriteria method, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), depending on the importance level of each considered factor and unit of the system. The results can be used as a support for allocation of budgets to maintenance activities, identifying machines or units that are strategic to ensure production. The model has been applied on a real industrial plant.