Loss Statement Research Articles

Αποτύπωση της Οικονομικής Κατάστασης των Κρατικών Νοσοκομείων: Χ ρηματοοικονομική Ανάλυση των Δημοσιευμένων Ισολογισμών (2019-2021)

Financial statements of public hospitals are prepared by accountants and are audited by Certified Public Accountants and they are the only reliable information that reflects the real financial performance. The accounting information provided is useful to users for transparency, accountability purposes, and decision-making regarding the public management of hospitals. The purpose of this study is to investigate the preparation of audited financial statements, the benchmarking of key operational and financial figures, the analysis of financial figures with cost indicators, and the qualitative analysis of certified public accountants’ audit reports per hospital and per health region for the period from 2019 until 2021. The audited Financial Statements as published on the website of the Ministry of Health and the yearly hospital activity open data from the Business Intelligence (BI-Health) Platform were collected and processed. The analysis demonstrates key financial figures of the Balance Sheet and the Profit and Loss Statement and useful cost indicators for the period from 2014 until 2021. Overall, this study strengthens the idea that accrual accounting and the preparation of financial statements in public hospitals should be a management tool and not only a legal obligation. The financial reporting enhances performance management, effective management of public assets, and policymaking for public health.

Pengaruh Biaya Produksi, Volume Penjualan Dan Harga Jual Terhadap Laba Bersih Perusahaan Pada CV. Proma Tun Saroyyan Probolinggo

This study intends to identify the effect individually or partially between production costs (X1), sales volume (X2) and selling price (X3) on the company’s net profit at CV. Proma Tun Saroyyan Probolinggo. The research method using is quantitative. The population used is production cost data, sales data, and profit and loss statements on CV. Proma Tun Saroyyan Probolinggo with a sample of 36 using purposive sampling technique or selected based on predetermined criteria. The data sources used are main data and supporting data. Data is collected using interviews and documentation and managed by data analysis methods such as normality test, multicollinearity test, heteroscedasticity test, autocorrelation test, multiple regression test, coefficient of determination test and hypothesis test. According to research findings, production costs have a significant negative effect on net income, while sales volume and selling price have a significant positive effect on net income at CV. Proma Tun Saroyyan.

The Managerial Aspect of Accounting ESG Factors in Assessing the Value of a Company

The subject of the study is ESG factors (Environment, Social, Government) and their inclusion in the value of Russian companies. The purpose of the paper is to reveal the theoretical and methodological aspects of taking into account ESG factors when assessing the value of companies. The relevance of the study is determined by the influence of the ESG rating of companies on changes in their value. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the development of a general scheme, which includes four stages: substantiation of key external and internal factors influencing ESG-assessments of the company’s value; analysis of the nature of the impact of key factors on ESG assessments; assessment of the impact of the ESG-factor on the elements of value creation (forecast period, discount factor, cash flows, post-forecast growth rates); building a financial model for assessing the value of companies taking into account ESG factors. Methods: general scientific methods (comparative analysis, generalization, formalization) and empirical (observation, comparison, modeling). The DCF (discounted cash flow) approach was proposed as the main method for assessing the value of a company, which allows not only to estimate the value of a company over a specific period of time, but also acts as a cost management tool. An analysis of scientific and theoretical points of view and methodological approaches to assessing the influence of ESG factors on the value of companies was carried out, significant factors influencing the ESG assessment of the company’s value were identified, and a financial model for assessing the value of the company taking into account ESG factors was proposed. The model for assessing the impact of ESG on cash flow generation elements was tested using the example of PJSC Polymetal. It is concluded that the ESG assessment of a company’s value is influenced by both external factors (international regulation, country specifics, industry specifics) and internal ones (specifics of the capital structure, specifics of production). The developed financial model for assessing the value of a company makes it possible to take into account ESG factors in the output forms of reporting: balance sheet, profit and loss statement, cash flow statement. The proposed model is addressed to top managers of the company for the purpose of using it in the process of assessing the degree of influence of ESG factors on the cost of equity capital, potential investors and appraisers.

PROBLEMS OF PRESENTING INFORMATION ABOUT DEFERRED TAXES

Currently, accounting standards in the area of income tax accounting continue to be vague and unspecific. In this connection, this paper investigates the key aspects of the presentation of deferred tax information in accordance with the rules of modern accounting standards and theoretical provisions. The article describes the peculiarities of deferred tax classification in the balance sheet and the profit and loss statement. An attempt is made to explain the effect of restoration of deferred tax liabilities. The conclusion is made that in scientific literature the essence of income taxes still remains undisclosed and that because of this the developers of accounting standards are deprived of an opportunity to compile them adequately. The example of the use of provisions of IAS 12 «Income Taxes» in order to conceal important economic information is given. American and international experience in terms of indicating the sources of recovery of the value of deferred tax assets is compared. It has been defined that the Russian standard in the field of accounting of income taxes is not transparent in the part of representation of the information on deferred taxes. In the conclusion the directions of improvement of accounting legislation are presented.

Clothing, textile, and fashion industry sustainability impact measurement and management

Data from the Kering Group's 2018 Environmental Profit and Loss (EP&L) statement were examined for their capacity to meet the demand for meaningful and manageable sustainability metrics. Significant resources were invested in creating the data reported in this EP&L statement, as Kering's operations in 104 countries were evaluated in ways separable into almost 1,500 different indicators. The data system was not, however, designed as a measurement system. That is, it was not set up as specifically positing the possibility of estimating separable parameters for comparing company location performances across sustainability challenges. Of particular importance is the lack of information in the EP&L on the overall consistency of the data reported, on the uncertainties associated with the metrics given, and on the meaningfulness of comparisons across environmental impacts, processes, and materials. The results reported here showing far from perfect data consistency and large uncertainties comprise an effort at constructing meaningful measurements that offers important lessons for the redesign of the data and reporting system.

LAPORAN KEUANGAN SEBAGAI ALAT PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN BAGI UMKM UNTUK MAJU

The purpose of this community service is to provide counseling to MSMEs who are partners of Bakmi Jowo in Ruko Komplek Vila Dago, Pamulang, South Tangerang. This is very important for MSMEs so that they can pay attention to making financial reports properly and correctly. Participants in this community service consisted of Pamulang University lecturers, Management Study Program as resource persons, employees and owners of Bakmi Jowo, and invited 4 MSME players who were partners of Bakmi Jowo. The method used is to conduct presentations, discussions, and questions and answers to MSMEs about the scope of their business, followed by a workshop on how to make financial reports. Recording financial statements is one of the important things in the continuity of a company, both large companies and small businesses (MSMEs). Every company must have good and correct financial reports according to accounting standards, this aims to determine the condition and financial performance of the company and can help company owners in making decisions. This event aims to assist MSMEs in preparing financial reports based on SAK EMKM. Observations were made that there were four MSME participants, namely Bakmi Jowo, Ayam Geprek Asli, Harjuna Catering and Tyas Kraft. Of the four MSMEs, all have made financial records, only most of them are not in accordance with existing financial standards. It is hoped that in the future they will do what the service team directs, be it daily journals, profit and loss statements and balance sheets, so that the development and position of their business assets can be monitored.

Financial and Tax Planning Strategy to Optimize the Financial Performance of PT Kaltim Daya Mandiri

PT Kaltim Daya Mandiri is a utility provider company located in Bontang, East Kalimantan, Indonesia, currently planning to invest in a new project investment by constructing a nitrogen plant in Bontang and a utility center plant in West Papua to support the business expansion of PT Pupuk Kalimantan Timur in the eastern region of Indonesia. To execute the project, the company must ensure the adequacy of cash flow to support the existing operational and project activities needs; therefore, it requires cash flow management and the right financing strategy to ensure the company’s financial performance remains stable. In this study, the analytical method used to generate a strategic formulation to optimize financial performance during projects is using quantitative and qualitative analysis. The strategic formulation comprises a financial strategy, specifically the option of project financing and a tax planning strategy related to tax refund and tax exemption. From the exploration of several strategies, there are two options for a combination of strategies, namely Scheme 1: Tax planning strategies and financial strategies through utilizing banking products (investment loan and short-term loan) and Scheme 2: Tax planning strategies and financial strategies through utilizing debt securities (corporate bonds and medium-term note). The simulation shows that in terms of the efficiency aspect towards interest cost imposed during the period, impact on the company’s cash flow during the project development period, and the proforma of financial performance, Scheme 1 is more favorable compared to Scheme 2. Using Scheme 1, the bank loan’s interest will be imposed on the cash flow statement and profit and loss statement after the project is declared commercial. During the project construction, the company will only be exposed to an interest construction, which will be an additional loan balance after the project commercial. In addition, instalment payments (principal and interest portion) have an impact on reducing the loan balance, and the future interest expense will decrease. Whereas, by using Scheme 2, the company will be directly burdened by interest coupons that need to be paid quarterly and constantly, which can affect cash flow and profit and loss statements directly.

ANALYSIS OF RECEIVABLES LOSS RESERVE POLICY AT PT. IP NETWORK SOLUSINDO

The purpose of this study aimed to analysis of allowance for doubtful debt PT. IP Network Solusindo. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative by extracting data through intervies, observation and documentation. By using accounts receivable report, aging schedule of accounts receivable and profit loss statement PT. IP Network Solusindo. Based on the result of the research and discussion conducted by researches, the allowance for doubtful debt at PT. IP Network Solusindo are doing by recognition of allowance for doubtful debt as bad debt expense by using allowance method. The measurement of allowance for doubtful debt using aging schedule of accounts receivable that the percentage is decided by the management by the credit policy. The disclosure and recognition of accounts receivable was recorded as the net value after deducted with the allowance for doubtful debt. Accounts receivable and allowance for doubtful debt in PT. IP Network Solusindo is appropriate according to PSAK 71.

Digital Financial Bookkeeping Training for MSME Entrepreneurs

The service activity aims to provide outreach, training, and assistance to MSMEs in Sukabungah Village on creating digital financial bookkeeping. Effective bookkeeping is crucial for business progress, enabling MSMEs to track financial flows, income, and profits accurately. Observations reveal that while MSME actors in Sukabungah Village engage in bookkeeping, it is not performed optimally. To address this, the service team implemented a digital bookkeeping training program using the "BukuWarung" application. The program's results demonstrate significant improvements in the financial management and bookkeeping capabilities of MSME actors. Participants reported increased knowledge and understanding of financial transactions within their businesses and the ability to classify these transactions into assets, liabilities, income, and expenses. They learned to execute an entire accounting cycle, including recording financial transactions in journal form, posting to the ledger, preparing trial balances, and generating profit and loss statements and financial position reports. Overall, the training program has enabled MSMEs in Sukabungah Village to manage their finances more effectively, contributing to business progress and enhancing the welfare of both MSME actors and the broader community.

FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE BEFORE AND DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

This study aims to prove differences in financial performance before and during the Covid-19 pandemic in Food and Beverage Companies Listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange. This research method uses quantitative research with data analysis using the t-test statistical method (different tests). The sample in this study is a statement of financial position and profit and loss statement and other comprehensive income for Food and Beverage Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2019 and 2021. The results showed that there were differences in the liquidity ratio and solvency ratio before and during the Covid-19. And there is no significant difference in the profitability ratio and activity ratio before and during Covid-19.

Labor costs in a construction company in the Czech Republic – a case study

This article focused on quantifying the company’s total labor costs in percent. Moreover, it aimed to show the labor costs on a construction contract both from the terms of the company’s labor costs of its own employees and the subcontractors’ labor costs. Have been accurately quantified the total labor costs in the company from the profit and loss statement of the selected construction company, on which the case study was based, shows that the average percentage representation of labor costs, which include wage costs and social and health insurance costs, is 15.30%. However, when all the costs associated with employees as a labor force are identified in detail, it is evident that the total labor costs represent 31.82% of the sales remuneration. It results in the doubled value.

Analisis Pengelolaan Keuangan Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDES) dalam Meningkatkan Pendapatan Desa (Studi Kasus di Desa Muara Sungai, Kecamatan Cambai, Kota Prabumulih)

This research aims to determine financial management in increasing village income at BUMDes Hope to Move Forward Together Muara Sungai Village, Cambai District, Prabumulih City—types of research Quantitative Descriptive. The data used is primary and secondary. Technique data collection, namely, observation, interviews, and documentation. Analysis Techniques Researchers must obtain accurate data so that it is easy to analyze further data. The research results show that BUMDes Management’s hope of moving forward includes several stages: the source of capital from the Village Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBD) for Fiscal Years 2020, 2021, and 2022. Financial management of BUMDes and the businesses they run completely increase the income of the village community due to the lack of understanding from village communities regarding BUMDes financial management, and the income of the business being carried out needs to be fully in line with that expected. Allocation of accountability reports in recording expenses and revenue of BUMDes Hope to move using profit and loss statement notes and cash book but still need to start using balance sheet notes. Financial management in BUMDes Hope to move forward has yet to meet its income public fully.

Readiness to Apply MSMEs Financial Accounting Standards in the Preparation of Financial Reports in UD. Sari Rama Bakery

The study aims to determine the application of SAK EMKM in the preparation of financial reports UD. Sari Rama Bakery. Methods of data collection in this study using interviews, observation and documentation. The analytical method used in this research is descriptive analysis method. The results of this study indicate that UD. Sari Rama Bakery has not recorded its business financial statements in accordance with SAK EMKM because the recording of financial reports is not in accordance with SAK EMKM guidelines but only records incoming and outgoing cash. This is because UD. Sari Rama Bakery does not meet the elements of preparing financial statements according to SAK EMKM including statements of financial position, profit and loss statements, and Notes to Financial Statements. This shows that UD. Sari Rama Bakery has not been able to measure the level of the company's financial performance and has not been able to determine business development. This study contributes for SMEs to describe in more detailed and in-depth, considering that this research focuses on quality and the results of the research can describe the reality view of other SMEs on what has been experienced at the research site. The results of this research provide insight into the reality of implementing SAK EMKM and show that the importance of knowledge for MSME actors to prepare financial reports in accordance with SAK EMKM. The limitation of this research is that UD. Sari Rama Bakery does not keep financial records in accordance with SAK EMKM, but only records incoming and outgoing cash.

Peran Kaizen Costing Sebagai Metode Untuk Mengurangi Biaya Produksi Guna Meningkatkan Laba Pada Usaha Tempe Pak Andik Nganjuk

This study aims to determine the role of kaizen costing as a method for reducing production costs in order to increase profits in Pak Andik Nganjuk's tempeh business. This type of research uses quantitative methods. Source of data used is primary data. The data is in the form of reports on production costs, number of employees, company profit and loss statements, production plans and their realization for 2022. Data collection was carried out using interviews and documentation methods.From the results of research that has been done that the application of the Kaizen Costing method and activity analysis by reducing the costs of inefficient activities such as depreciation of production sites but not reducing the number of existing units can optimize the profit percentage of the company by 11 percent. Using the Kaizen Costing method can increase a company's profit, this is evidenced by the gross profit before Kaizen Costing of Rp. 36,000,000 and gross profit after using the Kaizen Costing method of Rp. 40,620,000.

The greenhouse gas emissions of a German hospital - A case study of an easy-to-use approach based on financial data

To reduce the impact of anthropogenic climate change, healthcare has to transform to a low greenhouse gas emissions sector. Hospitals are a fundamental part of healthcare provision and can play an important role in mitigating the climate impact of healthcare. To help decision-makers and policy-makers, information on the greenhouse gas emissions of individual hospitals is needed. The aim of this paper is to provide an assessment of a hospital in north-western Germany with a cost-based approach based on financial data from the Profit& Loss Statement. Direct emissions and emissions through energy usage were calculated using quantity-based bottom-up emission intensities. Indirect emissions were calculated using monetary-based top-down emission intensities. To determine these emission intensities for the reported cost groups, 8,772 transactions from the profit and loss statement of a German hospital were assigned to industry sectors provided by two input-output databases. In the final model, the emission intensities of cost groups with large differences between the two databases were substituted with bottom-up data. In total, between 10,398 and 11,147 t CO2eq were emitted by the hospital in 2019. Direct emissions sources were responsible for 37%–40%, electricity production was responsible for 13%–14%, and upstream and downstream processes were responsible for 47%–50% of total emissions. The production of medical supplies accounted for 32%–52% of those processes and was the largest emitter among cost groups. The study shows that the calculation of the carbon footprint of a hospital is possible using a hybrid model based on standardized financial data. The study's results are limited by the chosen system boundaries, by methodological limitations of the chosen top-down approach, and data availability.

Planned changes to the classification and disclosure of items in the profit and loss statement. Discussion on the exposure draft of a new international standard

Purpose: The objective is to present selected changes slated for introduction through exposure draft ED/2019/7. The perspective adopted concerns the current classification and disclosure in the profit and loss statement. In addition, the authors indicate the differences between the new standard and the local accounting regulations.Methodology/approach: We used an analysis of legal regulations and a case study in the form of data transformation of entity X for three consecutive reporting periods.Findings: Mandatory separation of investments and financial activities, whose definition differs from those in national law and IAS/IFRS, represents the greatest challenge. Many items (including exchange rate differences, investment incomes and expenses) will be disclosed differently in the profit and loss statement, including being split between two or more categories.Practical implications: The identified differences between the local regulations and the new standard indicate the need to change how the accounting ledger is organized, including amendments in the information systems. It also calls for several educational events to be held by professional accounting organizations.Originality/value: The detailed identification of differences in the disclosure of profit and loss statements stem from the authors’ engagement in the European Financial Advisory Board’s (EFRAG) field test. The results indicate that the regulator must act to bring national law into line with the planned changes. The proposed changes will in-crease the quality of financial statements, including the relevance and comparability of financial information.

A Study of Unjha Market Yard (APMC): Financial Performance

The growth of farmers is greatly aided by APMCs. The actions of the farmers in terms of selling and purchasing might be significantly impacted by APMC. The major activity to enhance the trade cycle is carried out by APMC Unjha, one of the most active APMCs in Gujarat and India. It is located in Gujarat state's Mehsana district. It belongs to a charity. In this study, we examine Unjah APMC's balance sheet and profit and loss statement. Different ratios can be utilised for financial performance analysis and generated on the basis of translating APMC terminology into corporate terms. The financial performance of APMC Unjha is gauged using a variety of factors, including the net profit ratio, current ratio, debt equity ratio, different income and expenditure ratios, and fixed asset turnover ratios. This study's primary goal is to determine the financial status using a ratio analysis.

Rancang Bangun Aplikasi Akuntansi Pinjaman Anggota Koperasi Kencana Cirebon

One of the activities in the Employee Cooperative is to provide credit loans to its members, in accordance with one of the goals of the Cooperative establishment, namely to provide welfare for members. The purpose of this research is to make a loan accounting application for members of the Kencana Cooperative, Cirebon City. The object of this research is the Kencana Cooperative, which is a cooperative owned by the National Population and Family Planning Agency (BKKBN) of Cirebon City. Data collection techniques that the author uses in this study are interviews, observation and literature study. Applications made using PHP programming (Hypertext Preprocessor) while for data storage using MySQL database. This research is very useful for the Kencana Cooperative of Cirebon City, because it can produce an accounting application that can be used as an internal control tool in terms of recording loans for cooperative members. This application can record all cooperative employee loan activities. The limitation of this research is that this application has not been able to make financial reports of the Kencana Cooperative, such as the Balance Sheet and Profit and Loss Statements. This research can contribute to the author, the Kencana Cooperative and the readers. This research focuses on the field of computerized accounting, so that writers and readers can add insight in the field of computerized accounting

Performance Accountability Financial Reports of Saving and Loan Cooperatives in East Lombok (Study on KSUSPPS Bina Al-Mandiri Syaria'ah)

This study analyzes the accountability of financial reporting performance in one of the cooperatives in East Lombok Regency, the KSUSPPS Bina Al-Mandiri Syari'ah Cooperative. This study aims to determine the extent to which the performance accountability of the KSUSPPS Bina Al-Mandiri Syari'ah Cooperative's financial reports is accountable to members and the public. This study uses a descriptive-qualitative approach, collecting data through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results showed that the KSUSPPS Bina Al-Mandiri Syari'ah Cooperative needed to be more fully accountable and transparent in managing the cooperative. KSUSPPS Bina Al-Mandiri Syari'ah Cooperative, in compiling financial reports, has included proof of transactions but has not integrated them; disclosures are made only in the form of financial report items, and financial reports are available for each unit containing a statement of financial position and profit and loss statement. Documents for cooperative activities are available in full and can be accessed by the community and members.

FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS TO ASSESS THE HEALTH OF BMT ARAFAH KULON PROGO'S SAVINGS AND LOAN COOPERATIVE AND ISLAMIC FINANCING (KSPPS) FOR THE YEARS 2015-2019.

This study aims to find out the soundness level of Sharia Savings and Financing Cooperatives (KSPPS) BMT Arafah in 2015-2019 based on the Regulation of the Minister of Cooperatives and Small and Medium Enterprises of the Republic of Indonesia Number:35.5/Per/M.KUKM/XI/2007 concerning capital aspects, efficiency aspects and liquidity aspects. This type of research is descriptive quantitative. The object of this research is the health analysis of Cooperatives Save Borrowing and Sharia Financing (KSPPS) BMT Arafah. The population of this research is in the form of financial statements such as balance sheets, profit and loss statements and the remaining business results of the next sample used in this study, namely the 2015-2019 financial statements. The method used is the documentation method. The results showed that the soundness level of BMT Arafah in 2015-2019 was in a healthy predicate with details of the average score: 1) the average capital aspect scored 8.45 and was in the healthy category; 2) the average efficiency aspect gets a score of 8 and is in a healthy category; 3) The average liquidity aspect scored 11.88 and was in a healthy category.