Loss Of Sulfur Research Articles

Advanced Li-S Battery Configuration Featuring Sulfur-Coated Separator and Interwoven rGO/CNT Fabric Current Collector.

The development of lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) marks a crucial milestone in advancing energy storage solutions essential for sustainable energy transitions. With high theoretical specific capacity, cost-effectiveness, and reduced ecological footprint, LSBs promise to enhance electric vehicle ranges, extend portable electronics' operational times, and stabilize grids integrated with renewable energy. However, challenges like complex processing, electrode instability, and poor cycling stability hinder their commercialization. This study introduces a novel battery design that addresses these issues by coating sulfur directly onto the separator instead of the current collector, demonstrating that active sulfur can be effectively utilized without being incorporated into the electrode structure. Using an interwoven substrate made from carbon nanotube (CNT) fabric adorned with reduced graphene oxide (rGO), this setup enhances manufacturing scalability, supports optimal sulfur utilization, and improves battery performance. The rGO decoration provides multiple highly conductive polysulfide trapping sites, enhancing active material reutilization, while the flexibility and mechanical strength of CNT fabric contribute to electrode integrity. This combination boosts electrical conductivity and polysulfide-capturing capability, effectively managing migrating sulfur species during charge-discharge cycles and mitigating sulfur loss and polysulfide shuttling. The results demonstrate superior cycling stability and efficiency, highlighting the potential of this approach in advancing LSB technology.

Facile Synthesis of CuxS Electrocatalysts for CO2 Conversion into Formate and Study of Relations Between Cu and S with the Selectivity

AbstractThe conversion of CO2 into formate (HCOO−), a techno‐economically feasible product, can be achieved using earth‐abundant CuxS electrocatalysts, but questions remain regarding how catalyst structure, composition, and reaction environment influence product selectivity. A novel synthesis method based on electrodeposition of Cu foam and its subsequent sulfidation via immersion in sulfur saturated toluene solution resulted in CuxS foams. Catalytic activity studies found that HCOO− selectivity is dependent on electrochemical activation at higher overpotentials. To understand the effects of activation, determine the active forms of the catalysts, and identify the role of sulfur, the electrodes are carefully characterized as well as gaseous and sulfur dissolved in electrolyte. This included study of the effects of intentional addition of solution sulfur species, identification of the sulfur loss, determination of the electrode composition and relating sulfur speciation to observed product selectivity. It is found that residual sulfur stabilizes Cu+ during electrolysis at potentials favoring HCOO− production, in contrast to pristine Cu that undergoes complete reduction and shows poor HCOO− selectivity. Sulfur in both the catalyst and dissolved in electrolyte are of dynamic nature, and surface residues of SO42− species are identified in all activated catalysts which correspond with enhanced HCOO− production.

(Invited) Advanced Electrode Processing for Next Generation Batteries

The development of environmentally friendly processing techniques is a key requisite for future sustainable battery development. The so-called DRYtraec® process is a solvent-free process developed as a viable approach to replace slurry-based binders by fibrous polymers and produce laminated electrodes with a low carbon footprint. It has been demonstrated to work for both, liquid and solid electrolyte batteries. NMC cathodes can be produced in a wide range of loading. For lithium sulfur batteries carbon/sulfur composites can be processed without sulfur loss. In particular in the field of solid state batteries it shows significant advantages. All-solid-state lithium-ion batteries are promising candidates to overcome safety and energy limitations of established lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Excellent results have been reported for sulfide based electrolytes on a small scale. More and more companies announce their first pilot production lines. Therefore, scalable concepts for material and component development are of crucial need. We evaluate this process for the fabrication of thin argyrodite separator films and compare it with slurry-based separators in ASSBs. To test new cell concepts and components under relevant conditions, it is important to manufacture prototype cells with thin separator layers and flexible housing. Therefore, we prepared slurry-free pouch cells based on Ni-rich NMC cathodes and PVD-synthesized Si anodes.The presentation highlights recent developments of the DRYtraec® process and its application to ASSBs, LiS and LIBs.

Sulfur filling activates vacancy-induced C–C bond cleavage in polyol electrooxidation

ABSTRACT Using the electrochemical polyol oxidation reaction (POR) to produce formic acid over nickel-based oxides/hydroxides (NiOxHy) is an attractive strategy for the electrochemical upgrading of biomass-derived polyols. The key step in the POR, i.e. the cleavage of the C–C bond, depends on an oxygen-vacancy-induced mechanism. However, a high-energy oxygen vacancy is usually ineffective for Schottky-type oxygen-vacancy-rich β-Ni(OH)2 (VSO-β-Ni(OH)2). As a result, both β-Ni(OH)2 and VSO-β-Ni(OH)2 cannot continuously catalyze oxygen-vacancy-induced C–C bond cleavage during PORs. Here, we report a strategy of oxygen-vacancy-filling with sulfur to synthesize a β-Ni(OH)2 (S-VO-β-Ni(OH)2) catalyst, whose oxygen vacancies are protected by filling with sulfur atoms. During PORs over S-VO-β-Ni(OH)2, the pre-electrooxidation-induced loss of sulfur and structural self-reconstruction cause the in-situ generation of stable Frenkel-type oxygen vacancies for activating vacancy-induced C–C bond cleavage, thus leading to excellent POR performances. This work provides an intelligent approach for guaranteeing the sustaining action of the oxygen-vacancy-induced catalytic mechanism in electrooxidation reactions.

Ultra-Wide Interlayered WxMo2xSy Alloy Electrode Patterning through High-Precision Controllable Photonic-Synthesis.

Ultra-thin 2D materials have great potential as electrodes for micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) because of their facile ion transport channels. Here, a high-precision controllable photonic-synthesis strategy that provided 1inch wafer-scale ultra-thin film arrays of alloyed WxMo2xSy with sulfur vacancies and expanded interlayer (13.2Å, twice of 2H MoS2) is reported. This strategy regulates the nucleation and growth of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) on the picosecond or even femtosecond scale, which induces Mo-W alloying, interlayer expansion, and sulfur loss. Therefore, the diffusion barrier of WxMo2xSy is reduced, with charge transfer and ion diffusion enhancing. The as-prepared symmetric MSCs with the size of 100×100µm2 achieve ultrahigh specific capacitance (242.57mFcm-2 and 242567.83Fcm-3), and energy density (21.56Whcm-3 with power density of 485.13Wcm3). The established synthesis strategy fits numerous materials, which provides a universal method for the flexible synthesis of electrodes in microenergy devices.

Modulating the Coordination Chemistry of Cobalt Catalytic Sites by Ruthenium Species to Accelerate the Polysulfide Conversion Kinetics in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

The performance of lithium-sulfur batteries is compromised by the loss of sulfur as dissolved polysulfides in the electrolyte and consequently the polysulfide redox shutting effect. Accelerating the conversion kinetics of polysulfide intermediates into sulfur or lithium sulfide through electrocatalysis has emerged as a root-cause solution. Co-N-C composite electrocatalyst is commonly used for this purpose. It is illustrated here that how the effectiveness can be improved by modulating the coordination chemistry of Co-N-C catalytic sites through introducing Ru species (RuCo-NC). The well-dispersed Ru in the Co-NC carbon matrix altered the total charge distribution over the Co-N-C catalytic sites and led to the formation of electron-rich Co-N, which is highly active for the polysulfide conversion reactions. Using Ru to modulate the electronic structure in the Co-N-C configuration and the additional catalytic sites over the Ru-Nx species can manifest optimal adsorption behavior of polysulfides. Consequently, the sulfur cathode with RuCo-NC can reduce the capacity fade rate from 0.11 % per cycle without catalyst (initial capacity of 701 mAh g-1) to 0.054 % per cycle (initial capacity of 1074 mAh g-1) over 400 cycles at 0.2 C rate. The results of this study provide the evidence for a feasible catalyst modification strategy for the polysulfide electrocatalysis.

Pseudocapacitive contribution in sulfur-doped porous carbon nanosheets enables high-performance sodium-ion storage

Sulfur-doped carbon materials have sparked considerable attention as the anodes for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to their relatively high reversible specific capacity and excellent pseudocapacitive effect. However, the content of sulfur dopants in carbon materials is usually limited and an efficient doping strategy is urgently imperative to date. Herein, a space-confined doping strategy is proposed to fabricate porous carbon nanosheets with high sulfur dopant content by using low-cost pitch as a precursor with the help of sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3). The thermostable nano-MgO used in this system can occupy the specific space during pitch decomposition to induce the formation of hierarchical carbon nanosheets. Interestingly, such a space-confinement effect of nano-MgO is able to enlarge the accessible contact area of reactants and inhibit the loss of sulfur from Na2S2O3, thus significantly increasing sulfur dopant content within carbon frameworks. The optimized sulfur-doped carbon nanosheets (S-PCNs-2) with a high sulfur content of about 20.56 wt% as anode for SIBs delivers an ultrahigh pseudocapacitive contribution of 92.55 % at 5 mV s−1 and thus enable a desirable specific capacity of 428.6 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 with a high initial Coulombic efficiency of 84.9 % and superior rate performance of 380.6 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1. Furthermore, a long cycling lifespan with a capacity retention of 88 % after 1000 charge/discharge cycles can be achieved for the S-PCNs-2 anode. This work provides a simple yet efficient doping approach to fabricate carbon anodes with high heteroatom contents for SIBs.

Tungsten phosphide on nitrogen and phosphorus-doped carbon as a functional membrane coating enabling robust lithium-sulfur batteries

Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) hold great potential as future energy storage technology, but their widespread application is hampered by the slow polysulfide conversion kinetics and the sulfur loss during cycling. In this study, we detail a one-step approach to growing tungsten phosphide (WP) nanoparticles on the surface of nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped carbon nanosheets (WP@NPC). We further demonstrate that this material provides outstanding performance as a multifunctional separator in LSBs, enabling higher sulfur utilization and exceptional rate performance. These excellent properties are associated with the abundance of lithium polysulfide (LiPS) adsorption and catalytic conversion sites and rapid ion transport capabilities. Experimental data and density functional theory calculations demonstrate tungsten to have a sulfophilic character while nitrogen and phosphorus provide lithiophilic sites that prevent the loss of LiPSs. Furthermore, WP regulates the LiPS catalytic conversion, accelerating the Li-S redox kinetics. As a result, LSBs containing a polypropylene separator coated with a WP@NPC layer show capacities close to 1500 mAh/g at 0.1C and coulombic efficiencies above 99.5 % at 3C. Batteries with high sulfur loading, 4.9 mg cm−2, are further produced to validate their superior cycling stability. Overall, this work demonstrates the use of multifunctional separators as an effective strategy to promote LSB performance.

QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF ALUNITE IN ORE AND PRODUCTS OF ITS PROCESSING BY THE DIFFERENTIAL-THERMAL METHOD

The possibility of determining alunite by the derivatographic method according to the area of desulphurization endoeffect on the DTA curve and corresponding to this effect the weight loss on the TG curve has been investigated. It has been proposed to carry out the determination by the calibration curve constructed for standard samples and their area of endoeffect and by the weight loss depending on the content of alunite in the samples, since the dissociation of sulfur bound from 4500C accompanies the whole process. The analysis of samples should be carried out at an intensity of temperature increase of 100C/min, since at an intensity of 300C/min. the peak area increases significantly, and the indicators are not stable. It has been shown that the analyses in an inert medium lead to a twofold loss of sulphur bound, in contrast to the air medium, before desulphurization till the formation of the endoeffect

Sulfur Encapsulation into Carbon Nanospheres as an Effective Technique to Limit Sulfide Dissolution and Extend the Cycle Life of Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

Sulfur Encapsulation into Carbon Nanospheres as an Effective Technique to Limit Sulfide Dissolution and Extend the Cycle Life of Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

Sedimentary and metamorphic processes priming black shale for magmatic assimilation of sulfur: an example from the Virginia Formation, Minnesota, United States

AbstractThe copper-nickel(-platinum-group element) sulfide resources of the Duluth Complex, Minnesota, USA, formed by assimilation of sulfur from the Virginia Formation black shale. In the normal black shale of the Virginia Formation, sulfur is mainly hosted in disseminated pyrite, whereas mm-scale pyrrhotite laminae dominate in the sulfur-rich Bedded Pyrrhotite Unit. The Bedded Pyrrhotite Unit was the main supply of sulfur in some of the magmatic sulfide deposits but its origin has not been studied in detail. Using Raman spectroscopy, we show that the carbonaceous material within the regionally metamorphosed normal black shale is graphitized biogenic material. The Bedded Pyrrhotite Unit contains pyrobitumen that represents residues of oil that accumulated to porous horizons, which formed due to dissolution of precursor sedimentary clasts. Replacement of the clasts by quartz and sulfides facilitated the formation of the pyrrhotite laminae of the Bedded Pyrrhotite Unit, which likely occurred during regional metamorphism.The pyrite-bearing normal black shale experienced loss of H2O, Corg, and sulfur during devolatilization caused by the Duluth Complex. The contact-metamorphosed Bedded Pyrrhotite Unit shows no systematic depletion of volatiles and is the most Corg and sulfur-rich part of the Virginia Formation. During devolatilization, sulfur was preserved because unlike pyrite, pyrrhotite was stable. Consequently, magmatic assimilation of sulfur from the Bedded Pyrrhotite Unit required partial melting. Retrograde hydration introduced H2O, and possibly Corg, and sulfur, to the contact-metamorphosed Bedded Pyrrhotite Unit, which further affected the volatile budget. Our findings highlight why constraining diagenetic and regional metamorphic processes is important to understand magma-sediment interaction processes.

Gamma-irradiated stibnite thin films set a remarkable benchmark performance for photoelectrochemical water splitting.

The study sets out to show the positive impact of sulfur vacancy engineering on the structural, morphological, optical, electrical, and photoelectrochemical (PEC) properties of Sb2S3 films synthesized using the spin coating technique. The produced films were exposed to γ-irradiation with different doses from 0 to 20 kGy. We have demonstrated the formation of sulfur vacancies and loss of oxygen content in the irradiated samples. XRD measurements revealed that all films exhibit a polycrystalline structure, and the crystallite size increases with the rising radiation dose, reaching the highest value of 87.4 nm measured for the Sb2S3 film irradiated with 15 kGy. The surface roughness of the irradiated samples increases with increasing γ-irradiation dose. The increase in surface roughness not only raises the active sites but enhances the conductivity of the Sb2S3 material as well. The wettability properties of the irradiated films were affected by γ-irradiation doses and the sample irradiated with 15 kGy exhibited the lowest hydrophobicity compared to others. The Hall measurements reveal that irradiated samples exhibit p-type semiconductor behavior. The optical band gap decreased progressively from 1.78 eV to 1.60 eV up to the irradiation dose of 15 kGy and slightly increased thereafter. The irradiated sample with 15 kGy showed a maximum photocurrent density of ca. 1.62 mA cm-2 at 0 V vs. reverse hydrogen electrode (RHE) under AM 1.5 G illumination with applied bias photon-to-current efficiency (ABPE) of 0.82% at 0.47 V vs. RHE, suggesting superior PEC water splitting performance compared to other samples. At 0 V vs. RHE and 648 nm, the incident photon current efficiency (IPCE) and absorbed photon current efficiency (APCE) of the photocathode irradiated with 15 kGy are significantly higher than those of the other photocathodes with values of 9.35% and 14.47%, respectively. Finally, Mott-Schottky measurement was also performed on all photocathodes to estimate their acceptor density and flat band potential.

Transcriptional and metabolic profiling of sulfur starvation response in two monocots

BackgroundSulfur (S) is a mineral nutrient essential for plant growth and development, which is incorporated into diverse molecules fundamental for primary and secondary metabolism, plant defense, signaling, and maintaining cellular homeostasis. Although, S starvation response is well documented in the dicot model Arabidopsis thaliana, it is not clear if the same transcriptional networks control the response also in the monocots.ResultsWe performed series of physiological, expression, and metabolite analyses in two model monocot species, one representing the C3 plants, Oryza sativa cv. kitaake, and second representing the C4 plants, Setaria viridis. Our comprehensive transcriptomic analysis revealed twice as many differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in S. viridis than in O. sativa under S-deficiency, consistent with a greater loss of sulfur and S-containing metabolites under these conditions. Surprisingly, most of the DEGs and enriched gene ontology terms were species-specific, with an intersect of only 58 common DEGs. The transcriptional networks were different in roots and shoots of both species, in particular no genes were down-regulated by S-deficiency in the roots of both species.ConclusionsOur analysis shows that S-deficiency seems to have different physiological consequences in the two monocot species and their nutrient homeostasis might be under distinct control mechanisms.

Biomass-derived porous carbon with single-atomic cobalt toward high-performance aqueous zinc-sulfur batteries at room temperature

Aqueous zinc-sulfur batteries at room temperature hold great potential for next-generation energy storage technology due to their low cost, safety and high energy density. However, slow reaction kinetics and high activation energy at the sulfur cathode pose great challenges for the practical applications. Herein, biomass-derived carbon with single-atomic cobalt sites (MMPC-Co) is synthesized as the cathode in Zn-S batteries. The catalysis of single-atom Co sites greatly promotes the transform of cathode electrolyte interface (CEI) on the cathode surface, while offering accelerated charge transfer rate for high conversion reversibility and large electrochemical surface area (ECSA) for high electrocatalytic current. Furthermore, the rich pore structure not only physically limits sulfur loss, but also accelerates the transport of zinc ions. In addition, the large pore volume of MMPC-Co is able to relieve the stress effect caused by the volume expansion of ZnS during charge/discharge cycles, thereby maintaining the stability of electrode structure. Consequently, the sulfur cathode maintains a high specific capacity of 729.96 mA h g−1 after 500 cycles at 4 A g−1, which is much better than most cathode materials reported in the literature. This work provides new insights into the design and development of room-temperature aqueous Zn-S batteries.

Sulfur-doped Pt/C catalyst for propane dehydrogenation with improved atomic utilization and stability

Atomically well-dispersed platinum catalysts play a vital role in various chemical processes such as direct dehydrogenation of propane (PDH), due to their high performance originated from high atom utilization. However, these catalysts suffer from complex preparation methods, and preparing atomically dispersed Pt-based catalysts with feasible methods remains challenging. Herein, we report a convenient method to prepare efficient atomically dispersed Pt/C catalysts for PDH by sulfur doping into the carbon support by simple cyclohexane impregnation method. The prepared atomically well-dispersed catalysts possess strong interactions between Pt and carbon support, which led to improved exposure of active sites and higher propylene formation rate compared to that without sulfur doping. Sintering of the Pt species was also inhibited and stability was improved by 47%. Propylene selectivity also showed a positive correlation with the amount of sulfur doping. The propane conversion first increased and then decreased, which was due to the loss of sulfur during the reaction that caused the agglomeration of Pt and the evolution of structure. It was found that the maximum catalytic activity appeared with Pt clusters of ∼ 0.71 nm with an average Pt-Pt coordination number of 3.1 and Pt-Pt bond distance of 3.09 Å.

First-principles analysis of the local atomic environment in calcium lanthanum sulfide ceramics

Density functional theory is utilized to investigate the energetics and mechanisms of sulfur loss across different stoichiometries of La2S3:CaS ceramics. These atomistic results reveal that the local atomic environment around each sulfur atom, consisting of six cation sites, can be used to predict the vacancy formation energy of the atom. Three nominal compositions are considered, 50:50, 65:35, and 90:10 La2S3:CaS, for two different atomic configurations, La2S3-like and La3S4-like. Relations were developed utilizing multivariable linear models. It is shown that the number of cation vacancies and lanthanum atoms in the local environment are among the most important factors in determining the energetics of a sulfur vacancy. Bader charge analysis reveals this is related to the degree of localization of charge change around the vacancy site and how close to the preferred oxidation states the lanthanum is. Results also suggest that while defect-free La2S3-like structures are energetically favorable, once a critical vacancy content is reached, the La3S4-like structure becomes the lower energy structure, which agrees qualitatively with recent experimental observations. This has important implications on how defect content and stoichiometry in this system are related. These findings also provide useful guidance on how these materials might best be processed.

Sulfide saturation and resorption modulates sulfur and metal availability during the 2014–15 Holuhraun eruption, Iceland

Mafic magmas may experience multiple stages of sulfide saturation and resorption during ascent and differentiation. Quenched tephra erupted during the 2014–15 Holuhraun eruption preserve abundant evidence for sulfide resorption, offering a rare opportunity to explore the sulfide life cycle from nucleation to resorption. Specifically, we combine detailed textural and chemical analyses of sulfides and silicate melts with geochemical models of sulfide saturation and degassing. This integrative approach demonstrates that sulfides began nucleating in melts with ~8 wt% MgO, persisted during fractionation to 6.5 wt% MgO, before resorbing heterogeneously in response to sulfur degassing. Sulfides are preserved preferentially in confined geometries within and between crystals, suggesting that kinetic effects impeded sulfur loss from the melt and maintained local sulfide saturation on eruption. The proportion of sulfides exhibiting breakdown textures increases throughout the eruption, coincident with decreasing magma discharge, indicating that sulfide resorption and degassing are kinetically limited. Sulfides likely modulate the emission of sulfur and chalcophile elements to the atmosphere and surface environment, with implications for assessing the environmental impacts and societal hazards of basaltic fissure eruptions.

Control of nitrogen and odor emissions during chicken manure composting with a carbon-based microbial inoculant and a biotrickling filter

Although aerobic composting is usually utilized in livestock manure disposal, the emission of odorous gases from compost not only induces harm to the human body and the environment, but also causes loss of nitrogen, sulfur, and other essential elements, resulting in a decline in product quality. The impact of biotrickling filter (BTF) and insertion of carbon-based microbial agent (CBMA) on compost maturation, odor emissions, and microbial population during the chicken manure composting were assessed in the current experiment. Compared with the CK group, CBMA addition accelerated the increase in pile temperature (EG group reached maximum temperature 10 days earlier than CK group), increased compost maturation (GI showed the highest increase of 41.3% on day 14 in EG group), resulted in 36.59% and 14.60% increase in NO3−-N content and the total nitrogen retention preservation rate after composting. The deodorization effect of biotrickling filter was stable, and the removal rates of NH3, H2S, and TVOCs reached more than 90%, 96%, and 56%, respectively. Furthermore, microbial sequencing showed that CBMA effectively changed the microbial community in compost, protected the ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms, and strengthened the nitrification of the compost. In addition, the nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria were more active in the cooling period than they were in the thermophilic period. Moreover, the abundance of denitrification genes containing nirS, nirK, and nosZ in EG group was lower than that in CK group. Thus, a large amount of nitrogen was retained under the combined drive of BTF and CBMA during composting. This study made significant contributions to our understanding of how to compost livestock manure while reducing releases of odors and raising compost quality.

Defect engineering enables an advanced separator modification for high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries

High-energy–density lithium-sulfur batteries have been rated as a promising, yet challenging, next-generation battery technology. Typically, the serious shuttle of polysulfide intermediates and sluggish solid–solid reaction kinetics often result in irreversibly sulfur loss, low Coulombic efficiency, and limited lifespan. Herein, we propose a facile and efficient separator modification strategy using a rationally designed sulfiphilic and lithiophilic mediator, i.e. in-situ confinement growth of oxygen-deficient TiO2-x nanoparticles within nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon matrix to modulate the sulfur electrochemistry. The nanoscale defective catalyst within open mesoporous host affords favorable adsorption of polysulfides and catalytic conversion ability. Moreover, the versatile composite improves the electrolyte wettability and Li+ transfer kinetics and alleviates self-discharge behavior. Resultantly, the Li-S batteries using modified separator achieves significantly improved cycling stability with a low capacity decay of only 0.067% per cycle after 500 cycles at 2C. The defect engineering together with separator modification strategies enable efficient and durable Li-S batteries.

Hollow Cu-Cu2O/Ni-NiO/C as cathodes for magnesium-sulfur batteries

To address the issue of active substance (sulfur) loss caused by the polysulfide shuttle effect, we designed and developed a hollow Cu-Cu2O/Ni-NiO/C derived from a bimetallic Cu/Ni-MOF as a host material for magnesium-sulfur batteries (MSBs). The nitrogen-doped carbon skeleton provides good electrical conductivity for magnesium ion and electron transport and also offers abundant active sites to adsorb and anchor polysulfides. The Cu-Cu2O/Ni-NiO in situ distribution on the carbon skeleton ensures the integrity of the internal redox reaction due to its high catalytic activity. In addition, the Cu and Ni sites can inhibit the shuttle effect and reduce the loss of active substances by anchoring polysulfides. Hence, Cu-Cu2O/Ni-NiO/C-S exhibits a high discharge-specific capacity of 1050.6, 950.6, 890.4, 820.7, and 677.1 mAh g−1 at 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, and 2 A g−1, respectively. Cu-Cu2O/Ni-NiO/C-S shows remarkable cycling stability with capacity retention of 77.07% and a decay rate of 0.14% per cycle after 200 cycles at 0.2 A g−1, and maintains a lower decay rate of 0.06% per cycle after 500 cycles at 1 A g−1. Furthermore, Cu-Cu2O/Ni-NiO/C-S exhibits high discharge capacity and cycling stability even with a surface loading of 3.5 mg cm−2. This study provides an example of the design and synthesis of highly catalytically active cathode materials for MSBs.