Loss Of Substance Research Articles

Preliminary Evaluation of Different Combinations of Inorganic and Humate Based Fertilizer on Yield of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in Malawi

In Malawi the demand of the use of mineral acidifying fertilizer by farmers for sustenance of high crop yields is increasing. The soaring demand is a pointer to the loss of humic substances in the soil and the resultant poor soil health. There is potential however to reduce the amount of mineral fertilizer used by the farmers and retain the applied nutrients within the plants rooting zone for increased use efficiency and productivity. This could be achieved through the combined application of humate based fertilizers with mineral fertilizer. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different rates of NPK and humate based fertilizer (HBF) combinations on potato yield and yield components at Tsangano, Bembeke and Dwale Extension Planning Area (EPA) in the 2016/2017 cropping season. Ten treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). Baseline soil data were collected and subjected to standard laboratory analytical procedure. Agronomic data collected in the experiment were analyzed in Genstat Discovery Edition 4 and were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 95% level of confidence. The means were separated by the least significant difference (LSD0.05). Laboratory analysis showed that soils were strongly acid at the three sites with low amount of N, P, K except for Dwale EPA which had high P and medium content of K. Furthermore, results showed that different NPK and HBF combination significantly influenced potato tuber yield and yield components at the three sites. The recommended fertilizer rate of NPK 8:18:15 + 6S at 250 kg ha-1 + 60 kg N ha-1 produced the highest tuber yield at Tsangano (20,729 kg ha-1) and Bembeke (5,189 kg ha-1). At Dwale EPA, application of NPK 8:18:15 + 6S at 250 kg ha-1 produced the highest yield (13,956 kg ha-1). Nevertheless, different combinations of NPK and HBF fertilizer (Treatments 7, 8, 9 and 10) also gave comparably high yields and high number of big tubers. Therefore, the combined application of mineral fertilizer and humate based fertilizer potentially could increase potato yield in Malawi, sustainably. More studies however are required in order to confirm the results.

Erosion of CAD/CAM restorative materials and human enamel: An in situ/in vivo study

This in situ/in vivo study aimed to evaluate the effects of erosion on the surface microhardness, substance loss, and surface roughness of CAD/CAM restorative materials and human enamel. This study used a 2-treatment (14 days each) crossover design with 8 healthy volunteers. Each volunteer wore an intraoral appliance containing 3 CAD/CAM restorative material specimens [IPS e.max CAD, Lava Ultimate CAD/CAM Restorative, and a poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) block for CAD/CAM] and 1 human enamel specimen. The specimens were subjected to in vivo erosion cycles by rinsing with 150 ml of cola drink (4 × 5 min/day) for 14 days. The surface microhardness, substance loss, and surface roughness of the specimens were measured at baseline (T1), day 7 (T2) and day 14 (T3). The data were statistically analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). After erosion, significant increases in substance loss and surface roughness were observed for enamel, though the surface roughness and substance profile of the tested restorative materials remained unchanged. Erosion significantly decreased the surface microhardness of all materials. For IPS e.max and Lava Ultimate, a significantly higher percentage of surface microhardness loss (%SMHl) was found at T3 than at T2, while no significant difference was found between T2 and T3 for enamel and the PMMA block. In conclusion, CAD/CAM restorative materials showed smaller changes in surface roughness and the surface profile than human enamel after in situ/in vivo erosion. However, CAD/CAM restorative materials and human enamel showed similar changes in surface microhardness after in situ/in vivo erosion.

Skin Expansion Due to the Dupuytren Cord Allows to Design Local Flaps to Facilitate Skin Closure in Severe Cases: The 3-flap: Surgical Technique and Clinical Evaluation.

In the serious forms of Dupuytren disease, passive extension during surgery often results in unmasking a loss of skin substance that makes primary closure impossible. Our objective in this study was to describe and assess the therapeutic possibilities of a 3 local flaps surgical approach in serious forms of Dupuytren disease, using the lateral skin expansion because of the cord. A cadaveric study was carried out on 12 adult nonembalmed, fresh frozen hands. For each specimen, a loss of skin substance was simulated on the palmar side of the fifth finger at the level of the proximal digital flexion crease. Coverage involved an incision delineating 3 distinct local flaps: a radially based quadrangular palmar flap, triangular proximally based laterodigital flap, and a distally based triangular web space flap. For a defect reaching up to 40% of the palmar surface of the first phalanx (P1), this 3-flap combination allowed us to fill in skin loss with a tension-free closure. Then we led a clinical study among 10 patients suffering from Dupuytren contracture, Tubiana, and Michon classification stages from II to IV. For those patients who all showed perioperative inadequate skin coverage, we used the 3-flap plasty. No skin necrosis occurred. This reliable technique using a "cascade" of local flaps makes it possible, in serious forms of Dupuytren disease, to both easily access the palmar and digital portions of the cord and to achieve closure.

Reconstruction of a Wide Defect in the Prostatic Urethra after Abdomino-Perineal Amputation Using Buccal Mucosa Free Graft and Pedicled Gracilis Muscle Flap

Lesions with significant substance loss in the prostatic segment of the urethra can represent a reconstructive challenge, especially when peripheral tissues are damaged or poor-vascularized. We present an infrequent clinical case in which a prostatic urethral defect of 2.6cm in length following abdomino-perineal amputation was repaired using a free buccal mucosa graft which was stabilized with a muscular gracilis flap. Complementing the buccal mucosa graft with a well-vascularised support the stability of the graft could be enhanced and the rates of fistula or strictures reduced.

Do plasticized polyvinylchloride and polyurethane infusion sets promote infliximab adsorption?

AbstractObjectivesInfliximab diluted solutions have been shown to be physicochemically stable for long periods, however the adsorption of infliximab during infusions has not been readily investigated. This study aimed to evaluate potential adsorption phenomena of infliximab during administration through Polyvinylchloride (PVC) and Polyurethane (PU) infusion sets.MethodsInfliximab (INFLECTRA®) solutions at 0.4 mg/mL and 2 mg/mL were submitted to static (at T0, 24 and 96 h) and dynamic contact (flow rate of 2 mL/min during 2 h with analysis times at T0, 5 min, 30 min, 60 min and 120 min) with three different infusion sets. Two contained PVC plasticized with tris(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate (TOTM) tubings and one set was in PU tubing. Infliximab was quantified at each analytical time by protein total quantification using UV-spectroscopy according to European Pharmacopeia Monography (2.5.33) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) which allowed a specific quantification of the monomeric form and was able to highlight potential modification such as aggregation or oligomer formation.ResultsFor all analysis times and conditions, infliximab concentrations remained unchanged with a maximum variation of 2.81 and 4.63% from the initial concentrations assessed by SEC and UV spectroscopy and the percentage of monomeric form remained unaltered.ConclusionsOur study showed that there was no significant loss of infliximab. According to these results each of the three infusion sets could be used for the administration of infliximab solutions without causing any loss of active substance.

Aberrant ETS-1 signalling impedes the expression of cell adhesion molecules and matrix metalloproteinases in non-segmental vitiligo.

Cell adhesion is a complex process that involves multiple molecules on the cell surface (ie cell adhesion molecules [CAMs]), surrounding cells and extracellular matrix (ECM). Repigmentation in vitiligo is dependent on the ECM remodelling and cellular migration, primarily attributed to the transcriptional activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In this study, we aimed to demonstrate the role of ETS-1 signalling in the regulation of MMPs and CAMs. Therefore, we studied the expression of ETS-1, MMPs (MMP-2, MMP-9) and CAMs including E-cadherin, ITGA-1 and ICAM-1 in vitiligo (both active and stable) ex vivo. Further, we compared melanocyte morphology and their adhesion towards collagen IV and laminin between control and vitiligo groups in vitro. Also, we silenced ETS-1 in melanocytes cultured from control skin and observed post-silencing effect on above-mentioned MMPs and CAMs. We perceived absent ETS-1 and significantly reduced CAMs and MMPs in vitiligo compared with normal skin. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a translucent material surrounding individual melanocytes in stable vitiligo and controls, whereas active vitiligo melanocytes demonstrated loss of this extracellular substance. Adhesion assays revealed significantly decreased binding of cultured melanocytes to collagen IV and laminin V plates in both stable and active vitiligo. Importantly, ETS-1 silencing resulted in significantly reduced expression of CAMs and MMPs. In conclusion, absent ETS-1 expression in both stable and active non-segmental vitiligo seems to impede the expression of CAMs, apart from MMPs, probably leading to progressive depigmentation in active disease and absence of spontaneous repigmentation in stable disease.

Anatomical study of the clavicular branch of the thoracoacromial artery

Introduction: The etiology and the complexity of losses of substances from the chest wall cause technical difficulties during their reconstruction. In order to obtain the best possible functional and morphological results, it is important to appreciate the lesions. When considering soft tissue reconstruction, the dimensions, location and shape of losses of substances, as well as the reliability and the arc of rotation of the chosen flap, must be taken into account. The perforator flap of the thoracoacromial artery and its vascular anatomical bases have been recently studied, concerning the pectoral and deltoid branches. The clavicular branch has only been rarely studied. We propose to study anatomically the clavicular branch of the thoracoacromial artery, in terms of constancy, dimensions and direction, in order to give to practitioners an additional option in the surgery of perforator flaps of the cervical region. Material and methods: We carried out a direct and selective injection of 24 thoracoacromial arteries, on corpses preserved in a low-formalin solution rich in glycerin. The injected solution was made from a mixture of methylene blue and gelatin. Cadaveric dissection was then used to study the location, frequency, and path of the clavicular branch of the thoracoacromial artery. Results: The clavicular branch was absent in more than half of the dissections. The length of its extrafascial pedicle varied between 0.5 and 2.5cm. The length of the pedicle after transmuscular dissection varied between 3 and 6cm. The general direction of this clavicular branch was ascending and medial. Conclusion: Our work shows that when it is present the clavicular branch of the thoracoacromial artery has an extrafascial pedicle which measures 0.5 to 2.5cm, and a transmuscular pedicle from 3 to 6cm. And that its vascular skin territory projects slightly below the clavicle.

Chemical standardization, antioxidant activity and phenolic contents of cultivated Alpinia zerumbet preparations

Alpinia zerumbet (Zingiberaceae) is an important medicinal plant found in several countries and used in folk medicine. The hypotensive and anxiolytic effects of the preparations made from this plant are mainly attributed to flavonoids and kavalactones, respectively. The aim of this study was to compare infusions, hydroalcohol extracts and tinctures obtained with fresh and dried leaves of A. zerumbet collected in two Brazilian cities: Rio de Janeiro/RJ and Brasilia/DF. Colorimetric methods were used to evaluate the antioxidant activity, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of the extracts. The flavonoids and dihydro-5,6-dehydrokavain (DDK) contents were analyzed by HPLC-DAD and the volatile compounds were evaluated by headspace solid phase extraction (SPE) followed by GC–MS analyses, which also evaluated the nonpolar fractions. The fresh and dried leaves from both Brazilian cities contain high amounts of flavonoids with antioxidant activity. The 80 % hydroalcohol extract prepared with fresh leaves collected in Brasilia exhibited the highest antioxidant activity by the phosphomolybdenum and DPPH methods. HPLC analyses of the infusions prepared with fresh leaves collected in Rio de Janeiro showed the highest DDK content, 6.63 mg/g of the extract. The GC–MS analyses of the nonpolar fractions from the aqueous extracts, from both cities, showed the presence of two major substances, the kavalactones DDK and 5,6-dehydrokavain. The evaluation of the loss of volatile substances by headspace SPE showed that even after a storage time of 30 days, there were still volatile substances in the dried plant material from both cities. In addition, the loss of terpinen-4-ol and γ-terpinene from the fresh leaves was very low, showing the slow release of these substances under the studied conditions. In conclusion, this work shows that the chemical standardization of A. zerumbet preparations contains terpenoids, kavalactones and phenolic compounds related to the biological activities which are important to corroborate the different uses of this species.

Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells (BM-MNCs) and Human Autologous Bone Marrow Plasma Concentrate (HA-BMPC) for diabetic foot ulcer refractoratory to conventional treatment. A case report

Background & Aim An ulcer is any open lesion on the skin or mucosa with loss of substance. Stem cells derived from bone marrow, with recognized plasticity and proliferative capacity, are determined to repair the function of injured tissues. Diseases of the arteries, arterioles and capillaries experienced a cause of death at all ages. Precisely, the development obtained in regenerative cell therapy has allowed treating conditions as well as diseases associated with the skin. Methods, Results & Conclusion This is an original case report from our Institute for Regenerative Medicine in Argentina where a point of care procedure started with the extraction of 110 ml of bone marrow was performed by puncture in the left posterior iliac crest under live fluoroscopy by using 5 ml of local anesthesia in a sterile procedure room.The bone marrow obtained was preserved in a sterile blood collection bag next to 2,500 IU of sodium heparin diluted in 0.1 ml every 10 ml of marrow. It was transported under sterile conditions in the laboratory of advanced therapies, where reception was received by a certified doctor in Regenerative Medicine and where cell separation was performed by density gradient of Ficoll Paque Premium and direct centrifugation through the GE Healthcare protocol under system ThermoFisher Scientific laminar flow in positive pressure sealed room. A cell count dose of 900,000,000 Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells (BMMNCs) diluted with human autologous bone marrow plasma concentrate (H-BMPC) in a concentration of 15 ml was obtained, with a 99% viability. On the same day, asepsis of the ulcer site to be treated (4 × 6 cm) was performed, placement of sterile fields, resection of fibrotic edges through the use of a scalpel and the application of the cells in 15 injections of 1 ml with needle 30G, without local anesthesia, covering the entire surface of the ulcerative zone of the left external malleolus. After the application, the compressive bandage was performed for 5 days in a row, and it was then indicated that the ulcer was washed every 24 hours with the replacement of the compressive bandage until its closure. No type of antibiotic therapy was indicated. Complete closure of the left lower limb ulcer was observed after 110 days of the stem cell implantation. The use of bone marrow Mononuclear Cells in an autologous way is a safe application therapy, with scientific evidence both pre and clinical worldwide, and could be effective for the treatment of closure of diabetic ulcers of lower limbs.

Illustration of the Effects of Five Fungi on Acacia saligna Wood Organic Acids and Ultrastructure Alterations in Wood Cell Walls by HPLC and TEM Examinations

In the present study, Acacia saligna (Labill.) H.L.Wendl. wood blocks with dimensions of 0.5 × 1 × 2 cm were inoculated with five molds (Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, Alternaria tenuissima, Fusarium culmorum, and Trichoderma harzianum) and the changes in the organic acids (oxalic, citric, tartaric, succinic, glutaric, acetic, propionic, and butyric) of powdered wood were analyzed by HPLC. The effects of the five inoculated fungi on the alterations to the wood cell wall ultrastructures were examined by TEM. The wood became more acidic as it was inoculated with the studied fungi. From the HPLC analysis, the oxalic acid (293.34 µg/g o.d.) in the A. saligna, A. tenuissima (167.33 µg/g o.d.), and T. harzianum (245.01 µg/g o.d.) wood decreased, but it increased in the A. flavus (362.08 µg/g o.d.), A. niger (1202.53 µg/g o.d.), and F. culmorum (431.85 µg/g o.d.) inoculated wood. Citric acid was observed in the wood inoculated with A. flavus (110 µg/g o.d) and A. niger (2499.63 µg/g o.d). Tartaric (1150.98 µg/g o.d), acetic (2.04 µg/g o.d), and propionic (1.79 µg/g o.d) acids were found in the wood inoculated with A. niger. Butyric acid was found in small amounts. A loss of wood substances appeared as the electron-lucent increased in the middle lamella and the layers of the secondary wall. Within the secondary cell wall regions, checks and splits were also noted, which resulted from the effects of the acids on the carbohydrates, according to the fungus type and the acids. In conclusion, increasing the amount of organic acids in the wood samples through inoculation with fungi results in more degradations in the wood, especially in the wood inoculated with A. niger.

Immediate or Delayed Transplantation of a Vein Conduit Filled with Nasal Olfactory Stem Cells Improves Locomotion and Axogenesis in Rats after a Peroneal Nerve Loss of Substance.

Over the recent years, several methods have been experienced to repair injured peripheral nerves. Among investigated strategies, the use of natural or synthetic conduits was validated for clinical application. In this study, we assessed the therapeutic potential of vein guides, transplanted immediately or two weeks after a peroneal nerve injury and filled with olfactory ecto-mesenchymal stem cells (OEMSC). Rats were randomly allocated to five groups. A3 mm peroneal nerve loss was bridged, acutely or chronically, with a 1 cm long femoral vein and with/without OEMSCs. These four groups were compared to unoperated rats (Control group). OEMSCs were purified from male olfactory mucosae and grafted into female hosts. Three months after surgery, nerve repair was analyzed by measuring locomotor function, mechanical muscle properties, muscle mass, axon number, and myelination. We observed that stem cells significantly (i) increased locomotor recovery, (ii) partially maintained the contractile phenotype of the target muscle, and (iii) augmented the number of growing axons. OEMSCs remained in the nerve and did not migrate in other organs. These results open the way for a phase I/IIa clinical trial based on the autologous engraftment of OEMSCs in patients with a nerve injury, especially those with neglected wounds.

Interest of circular external fixator in orthopaedic in low-income country

Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe the indications of Ilizarov's technique in orthopedic trauma and their results. Material and method: The study involved a retrospective multicenter cohort. It included patients treated with Ilizarov's technique between July 2014 and September 2019 and followed through to recovery. The analysis focused on types of lesions, intraoperative data, complications, cure and failure rates. Only the pins were the responsibility of the patient and cost between 60,000 to 120,000 CFA (91, 5 – 183 euros). Results: Forty-seven patients were treated. The average age was 37.4 years. Males represented 63.8%. The main diagnoses were: tibial fractures (n = 31; 65.9%), including 14 fractures of the tibial plateau; vicious ankle calluses (3; 6.4%); loss of bone substances (3; 6.4%). The main interventions carried out were: Osteosynthesis (n = 34; 72.3%); ankle arthrodesis (n = 5; 10.6%); equine varus foot correction (n = 4; 8.5%). The average duration of an intervention was 130.5 min. the average ablation time was 98.7 days. The cure rate was 95.6%. The main complications were: infection on a spindle (n = 11; 23.4%); pain (n = 6; 12.8%), stiff knee (n = 7; 15.9%). Conclusion: The rate of positive results is similar to that observed in the literature. Ilizarov's external fixator has achieved satisfactory results for complex leg and ankle injuries at a reduced cost.

TRENDS OF PROCESSED PRODUCTS OF SQUID

Currently, technologies that allow to preserve the native properties of raw materials in the finished product as much as possible thanks to the soft modes of technological processes deserve special attention. An important condition for obtaining healthy food products is the availability of a raw material base and technical means of extracting aquatic biological resources. The article shows that in China, a healthy lifestyle and the consumption of healthy food products are gaining popularity. China is a country that demonstrates absolute dominance in the production of shellfish, both aquaculture and in squid fishing. Despite this, there is a shortage of healthy food products in the domestic food market in China due to the uneven distribution of aquatic bioresources. The main type of processed shellfish are squids, which are traditionally very popular in China. In addition to frozen processed squid and other primary processed products, the main products from squid are minced squid, sliced squid and chopped squid, as well as various types of canned food. The article shows the high nutritional and biological value of squid, which is provided by high-grade proteins and essential polyunsaturated fatty acids. But when processing squids, a number of problems arise associated with the deterioration of organoleptic properties and a decrease in the biological value of the finished product. This article is a review and reveals a number of issues related to the features of the fractional composition of muscle tissue proteins of various raw materials. Also analyzed the changes in the physico-chemical parameters of proteins in a wide range of temperature effects. The article presents a promising type of technological processing, which allows to eliminate certain disadvantages of traditional technologies such as hard, dry consistency, weight loss of the finished product, as well as the loss of valuable extractive substances that provide organoleptic properties of food products. Such technologies with minimal impact on the technological properties of the finished product include SousVide technology. SousVide is a technology of low-temperature preparation of food products in a vacuum, which allows reliable monitoring of sensory performance and microbiological safety of products with strict observance of technological regulations.

ПОСТПИРОГЕННОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ И ЗАЩИТА ОТ ПОЖАРОВ БОЛОТНЫХ ПОЧВ

A case study of the drained soils of the Posolsky bog massif in the Republic of Buryatia showed a fire-induced transformation of peat soils (Histosols) resulting in pyrogenic formations. The effect of fire leads to a change in the physico-chemical properties of soils and to large losses of mineral substances and organic carbon. Pyrogenic accumulation of carbonates is observed.

Validation of the 3D reconstructed human skin Comet assay, an animal-free alternative for following-up positive results from standard in vitro genotoxicity assays.

As part of the safety assessment process, all industrial sectors employ genotoxicity test batteries, starting with well-established in vitro assays. However, these batteries have limited predictive capacity for the in vivo situation, which may result in unnecessary follow-up in vivo testing or the loss of promising substances where animal tests are prohibited or not desired. To address this, a project involving regulators, academia and industry was established to develop and validate in vitro human skin-based genotoxicity assays for topically exposed substances, such as cosmetics ingredients. Here, we describe the validation of the 3D reconstructed skin (RS) Comet assay. In this multicenter study, chemicals were applied topically three times to the skin over 48 h. Isolated keratinocytes and fibroblasts were transferred to slides before electrophoresis and the resulting comet formation was recorded as % tail DNA. Before decoding, results of the validation exercise for 32 substances were evaluated by an independent statistician. There was a high predictive capacity of this assay when compared to in vivo outcomes, with a sensitivity of 77 (80)%, a specificity of 88 (97)% and an overall accuracy of 83 (92)%. The numbers reflect the calls of the performing laboratories in the coded phase, whereas those in parenthesis reflect calls according to the agreed evaluation criteria. Intra- and inter-laboratory reproducibility was also very good, with a concordance of 93 and 88%, respectively. These results generated with the Phenion® Full-Thickness skin model demonstrate its suitability for this assay, with reproducibly low background DNA damage and sufficient metabolic capacity to activate pro-mutagens. The validation outcome supports the use of the RS Comet assay to follow up positive results from standard in vitro genotoxicity assays when the expected route of exposure is dermal. Based on the available data, the assay was accepted recently into the OECD test guideline development program.

Normal and pathological hippocampal imaging in geriatric patients

The hippocampus is a small internal temporal cerebral structure, which plays a primordial role in the mechanisms of memory. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the reference imaging modality for the hippocampal analysis. In older adults, dementia represents the majority of hippocampal diseases, but other specific pathologies must be known in the differential diagnosis. Many hippocampal abnormalities are represented by a loss of substance (atrophy). However, most acute or recent hippocampal damage is detected by MRI signal abnormalities. The aim of this article is to offer a pictorial review of the normal and pathological hippocampal aspects of older adults, during degenerative, infectious, vascular, inflammatory, tumoral, toxic and metabolic disorders.

The Possible Therapeutic Role of Platelet Rich Plasma on a Model of Osteoarthritis in Male Albino Rat. Histological and Immunohistochemical Study

Abstract Introduction and Aim of the Study Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by joint pain and progressive loss of articular cartilage. This study was conducted to evaluate the therapeutic effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) of the knee joint in a rat model of OA. Materials and Methods Forty adult male albino rats, weighing 200-250 gms, were used in this study, ten rats used as donors to obtain PRP. The other thirty rats were divided into two main groups. Group I: The control group (15 rats) in which the rats were subdivided into three subgroups. Subgroups IA and IB were sacrificed 4 and 6 weeks after the beginning of the experiment. Subgroup IC left for 4 weeks then received intra-articular injection of PRP in the right knee joint which was repeated three times per week for 2 weeks then the animals were sacrificed. Group II (The experimental group) (15 rats) in which OA was induced by surgical induction of cartilaginous defect in the right knee joints. The rats of group II were subdivided into three subgroups. Subgroups IIA and IIB were sacrificed 4 and 6 weeks after induction of OA respectively. Subgroup IIC received intra-articular injection of PRP (0.2 ml) in the right knee joints 4 weeks after surgery. The injection was repeated three times per week for 2 weeks then the animals were sacrificed. The right joints from all groups were collected, decalcified and processed for histological studies. Specimens were also processed for transmission electron microscopic study. Morphometric and statistical measurements were done. Results Histological examination of the right knee joints of OA (subgroups IIA and IIB) resulted in thickening of the intimal lining of the synovial membrane, cellular infiltration and increased collagen content of the subintima. The articular cartilage showed erosions, thinning of cartilage, chondrocytes and ground substance loss, and moderate expression of platelet derived growth factor (PDGF). Injection of PRP resulted in improvement of the structure of the synovial membrane and the articular cartilage and strong expression of PDGF. Conclusion Intra-articular injection of PRP resulted in a significant improvement in the histological structure of the knee joint in a rat model of OA.

Erosive loss of tooth substance is dependent on enamel surface structure and presence of pellicle – An in vitro study

ObjectiveAim of this in vitro study was to investigate erosive tooth loss in dependence of the enamel surface structure and presence of an acquired pellicle. MethodsEnamel specimens from 19 bovine incisors (4 specimens/incisor) were allocated to four experimental groups (n = 19). The surfaces of half of the specimens were polished (two groups), while the other half was left native (two groups). Specimens of one polished and one native group were placed in pooled human saliva (30 min) for the formation of an acquired pellicle. Thereafter, all specimens were demineralized by superfusion with hydrochloric acid (17 min, pH 2.3) with collection of the superfluent. Erosive substance loss was determined by measuring the dissolved calcium content using a colorimetric assay with Arsenazo III reagent. Differences in erosive substance loss were statistically analyzed with respect to enamel surface and pellicle. A linear mixed effects model was fitted to the data and pairwise differences between groups were evaluated (significance level α= 0.05). ResultsEnamel surface structure (p < 0.001) and presence of pellicle (p = 0.01) had a significant effect on erosive substance loss. Polished surfaces with pellicle showed the lowest cumulative calcium release [nmol Ca/mm2] (means ± standard deviation: 48+/−5), followed by polished specimens without (51+/−9) and native specimens with pellicle (54+/−10). No significant differences were found between these groups. Highest cumulative calcium release was found for native specimens without pellicle (61+/−9; p < 0.05). ConclusionsBoth enamel surface structure and the acquired pellicle are important determinants of the susceptibility to erosive tooth loss.

Conservative management of pink tooth of mummery: A case report

Resorption is a condition associated with either a physiologic or a pathologic process that results in loss of substance from a tissue such as dentin, cementum or alveolar bone”. It is of great concern to the endodontists. Early diagnosis, removal of the cause, proper treatment and reinforcement of the resorbed root is mandatory for achieving success. This paper present a case report of successful conservative management of internal resoption in maxillary incisor. Keywords: Calamus, Endoactivator, Internal resoption, Pink tooth, Thermoplastized obturation.

Wear Properties of Different Additive Restorative Materials Used for Onlay/Overlay Posterior Restorations.

The purpose of this laboratory study was to compare the two-body wear resistance of different restorative materials commonly used for the indirect restoration of posterior teeth. The tested materials, based on ceramic (Imagine Press X, IPS e.max CAD, Milled Celtra Duo, Glaze-Fired Celtra Duo, Vita Mark II) and composite (Enamel Plus HRi, Enamel Plus HRi Bio-Function, Filtek Supreme XTE, Lava Ultimate), were compared with the wear properties of a type III gold alloy (Aurocast 8). Flat samples were prepared with a 6-mm thickness (n=10). Composite samples were tested after a heat polymerization cycle. All samples were exposed to a two-body wear test in a dual axis chewing simulator performing over 120,000 loading cycles. The opposing abrader cusps were fabricated from yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal. The vertical substance loss (mm) and the volume loss (mm3) were recorded, as was the wear of the antagonist cusp (mm). Mean values were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance. Significant differences among materials were detected. The heat-cured resin-based composite material Enamel Plus Bio-Function and the type III gold alloy demonstrated similar mean values for wear depth and volumetric loss.