Loss Of Primary Teeth Research Articles

Prevalence and distribution of diverse dental anomalies in an Egyptian children's population

AimIn normal dental exams, dental anomalies are widespread. It may lead to occlusal, cosmetic, and functional problems. In this study, the prevalence and distribution of developmental dental abnormalities in a community of Egyptian children were studied.Patients and methodsThe average age of the sample was 7.5 years out of 2583 panoramic radiographs of kids between the ages of 6 and 12 that were analyzed, including 1110 boys and 1473 girls. The digital panoramic radiographs were examined by two experienced researchers in a standard manner and in good lighting for the following developmental anomalies: congenitally missing teeth, extra teeth, impaction, ectopic eruption, transposition, gemination, fusion, submerged, peg-shaped teeth, dilacerations, taurodontism, dens in dente (Dens Evaginatus), retained or early loss of primary teeth considering the chronological age of dental eruption, and any other anomalies.ResultsTwo hundered sixty-six panoramic radiographs, or 10.3% of the study group, had at least one dental abnormality, while 2317, or 89.7%, had none. There was no significant difference between the sexes other than fusion, where the rate was higher in females than in males among the cases with dental anomalies. Of these cases, 57.14% were girls and 42.85% were boys. Supernumerary teeth were more common than congenitally lacking teeth (1.85 vs. 4.41%). Amelogenesis imperfect, transposition peg-shaped and halted teeth, impacted teeth (1.5%), taurodontism (1.16%), root dilacerations (1.04%), amelogenesis imperfect, fusion (0.23%), and no cases of accessory roots and dentinogenesis imperfecta were found in this study.ConclusionDental anomalies were often found in this Egyptian study population. Various dental abnormalities were found. Congenital missing was the most frequent anomaly, followed by extra teeth, impacted teeth, taurodontism, root dilatation, fusion, amelogenesis imperfecta, transposition peg-shaped teeth, and arrested teeth, in that order. In this investigation, no instances of dentinogenesis imperfecta or accessory roots were found. Because of the high occurrence of developmental dental anomalies, it is imperative that their causes be better understood to provide better treatment, intervene earlier, and prevent future problems.

Therapeutic itineraries of children with the early loss of primary teeth: A qualitative phenomenological study

Background: Children with untreated dental caries tend to have a higher prevalence of early tooth loss, causing physical, psychosocial, and financial impacts on children and their families. The present study aims to understand the therapeutic itineraries of children with the early loss of primary teeth due to caries by analyzing the access to and integrality of care. Methods: This was a qualitative phenomenological study. Participants were caregivers, aged 18 years or older, of children up to 12 years of age who attended the University Dental Clinic of a Public University in Southern Brazil. Analysis of medical records and interviews were performed. The saturation criterion defined the sample size (n=44). Results: Public and private health services were accessed by families in the search for treatments for children's oral health conditions until they reached the University Dental Clinic. Children experiencing suffering and pain, who had had multiple extractions, and families affected financially and emotionally by the oral health condition of their children highlighted these itineraries. The resilience of these families in overcoming the challenges experienced and their continuous efforts to find solutions for the oral health care of their children were emphasized. Their relations with students and teachers at the University Dental Clinic were also discussed. Conclusion: The study showed a range of paths taken by children and their families and suggested weaknesses in ensuring the integrality of care for children in the Brazilian National Health System. Qualitative analysis of the therapeutic itineraries of children’s families presented in this study is proposed as a complementary tool for health care. This study has the potential to contribute to the evaluation of health services in the country, strengthening children's oral health.

Prevalence of Delayed Eruption of Permanent Upper Central Incisors at a Tertiary Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Tooth eruption is defined as the axial movement of the tooth from its site of development in the alveolar bone to its functional position in the oral cavity. A delay in eruption can directly affect the accurate diagnosis, overall treatment planning, and timing of treatment. Thus, Delayed Tooth Eruption can have a significant impact on a patient's proper health care. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of delayed eruptions of permanent upper central incisors in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A retrospective study assessed panoramic radiographs of children between the ages of 6-10 years old who attended the Dental University Hospital clinics at King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia between 2014 and 2020. The radiographs were collected and examined to detect any delayed eruption of the permanent upper central incisors. Panoramic radiographs with delayed erupted permanent upper central incisors were identified by tooth developmental stages and eruption sequence. Of the 745 radiographs, 23 (3.09%) presented at least one delayed erupted permanent upper central incisor of which boys and girls comprised 16 (69.5%) and 7 (30.4%), respectively. Retained primary teeth was the most causative factor of delayed eruption (43.4%), followed by the early loss of primary teeth (21.7%) and insufficient arch space. The present study is the first to assess the prevalence of delayed eruption of the permanent upper central incisors on a Saudi population. Boys were found to have more prevalence of delayed eruption of the permanent upper central incisors compared to girls. Clinicians should be aware of such a condition as early diagnosis of delayed eruption is essential for providing optimal dental care.

ODP592 Delay in Diagnosis of Adult with Familial Hypophosphatasia

Abstract Background Familial Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by defecitve bone and/or teeth mineralization in the presence of low alkaline phosphatase activity due to loss-of-function mutations in the Alkaline Phosphatase, Biomineralization Associated (ALPL) gene. HPP typically presents in middle age with a mild phenotype. Case Presentation A 43-year-old woman with PMH undifferentiated connective tissue disease and GERD referred to endocrinology clinic. She was previously diagnosed with schleroderma and was treated with prednisone and hydroxychloroquine without symptom improvement. Symptoms included: progressing bone, joint, and muslce pain; unsteady gait; proximal muscle weakness; fatigue; early loss of deciduous teeth; loss of teeth mineralization; history of finger and toe fractures from repetitive stress. Family History: Mother: ongoing joint/muscle pain as well as tooth loss. Daughter: failure to thrive, kyphosis, orthopedic problems, required leg casting for 1 year. Physical Exam: unrevealing (limited due to video visits). Significant Laboratory/Imaging Findings: Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP): 16 U/L (ref. 35-140 U/L)Vitamin B6: 235.3 nmol/L (ref. 20-125 nmol/UL)Calcium: 9.3 mg/dL (ref. 8.5-10.6 mg/dL).Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA): normal bone mass for age.Genetic testing: one heterozygous pathogenic variant in ALPL, c.318G>C (p.CIn106His). Treatment Course: Genetic testing consistent with a diagnosis of familial HPP, specifically juvenile onset. Initiated on Asfotase-alfa, an alkaline phosphatase enzyme replacement therapy. Screening prior to treatment: Renal ultrasonography without ectopic calcificationOpthalmology exam without calficiations identified Discussion HPP should be suspected in patients with defective mineralization of bone and/or teeth in the setting of an unexplained low serum ALP activity and elevated Vitamin B6 level. Non-specific symptoms such as bone, joint, and muscle pain are common presenting symptoms in adults with HPP. Treatment with asfotase-alfa may be considered for adults with symptom onset in childhood, including early loss of deciduous teeth. Early diagnosis and treatment may improve overall quality of life. At this time, there are no guidelines for selecting adult patients for treatment with alfoterase-alfa. Further studies are needed to evaluate the benefits of enzyme replacement therapy among adults with HPP. Presentation: No date and time listed

ODP057 The Unusual Case of Hypercortisolism in a Patient with Juvenile Onset Hypophosphatasia

Abstract Juvenile onset hypophosphatasia is a rare, genetic disease that is caused by inactivating mutations in the ALPL gene which encodes tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP). This leads to decreased activity of the TNSALP enzyme in target tissues and accumulation of TNSALP substrates, including inorganic pyrophosphate, an inhibitor of mineralization. This disease is characterized by low levels of alkaline phosphatase in serum and bone, osteomalacia, and periodontal disease. Patients with juvenile onset hypophosphatasia present with premature loss of primary teeth, delayed walking, and a waddling gait. These symptoms may improve spontaneously after puberty and recur later in life. Here we report the case of a 51 year old male who presented initially to endocrinology clinic with a metatarsal stress fracture with subsequent diagnosis of osteoporosis, periodontal infections, and associated myopathy and joint calcifications. The patient also had a prior history of a low alkaline phosphatase level as a child. Genetic testing showed a single variant of undetermined significance found in the ALPA gene. Of note, recent lab work for the patient showed AM cortisol 27.7 mcg/dL (reference range 4. 0-22. 0 mcg/dL) with ACTH 60 pg/mL (reference range 6 - 50 pg/mL). Prior 24 hour urine free cortisol measurements with LC/MS have demonstrated elevated values 159 mcg/24 hr and 256 mcg/24 hr (reference range 4. 0 - 50. 0 mcg/24 hr) . However, most recent testing demonstrated 24 hour urine free cortisol 3.6 mcg/24 hr, and the majority of midnight salivary cortisol tests were within normal. Pituitary MRI demonstrated no abnormalities. The patient has in the past reported findings of a dorsocervical fat pad, abdominal striae, and weight gain. There is no history of diabetes mellitus or hypertension, and the patient at this time reports stable weight without current presence of a fat pad or striae. There are no clinical features of Cushing's syndrome on exam. To our knowledge, this is the second case in the literature detailing hypercortisolism in a patient with hypophosphatasia. The etiology of the hypercortisolism is likely multifactorial, with unknown association with hypophosphatasia. Based on the clinical data it appears that the patient's chronic stress, pain, and anxiety are contributing to the hypercortisolism, and that this is not a true Cushing's or cyclical Cushing's case. Repeated midnight salivary cortisol tests have excluded the possibility of Cushing's as well. Presentation: No date and time listed

Prevalence of premature loss of deciduous teeth and its relationship with gender among children from Acapulco, Guerrero: a cross-sectional study.

Premature loss of deciduous teeth is the exfoliation or extraction before physiological replacement with < 50% or < 75% of the root of the substitute tooth formed or if there is > 1 mm of alveolar bone covering the permanent successor tooth organ. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of premature tooth loss in children and identify associated factors in a health center in Acapulco, Guerrero. We conducted a cross-sectional study in which we collected information from 109 clinical records of children examined from January 2019 to August 2021. Sociodemographic data of the children and parents were collected: socioeconomic level, non-pathological personal history, and the history of premature deciduous tooth loss. Multivariate analysis to identify factors associated with premature deciduous tooth loss was performed with CIETmap statistical software. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to estimate the strength of the association. The prevalence of premature loss of primary teeth was 40% (43/109). The leading cause was caries (84%, 36/43). The tooth organ with the highest loss occurrence was the lower right second molar (33%, 14/43). Gender was identified as an associated factor, with males having a higher risk of loss (ORa = 2.97; CI95% = 1.33-6.65). Our results were similar to those reported in other studies. Strategies aimed at health promotion directed at parents and children should be reinforced.

Premature Primary Tooth Loss and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Preschool Children.

The present study aimed to evaluate the association between premature primary tooth loss and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in preschool children. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 769 5-year-old preschool children. The children and their parents or guardians answered the Brazilian version of the Scale of Oral Health Outcomes for 5-Year-Old Children for the assessment of OHRQoL. Meanwhile, clinical examinations were performed for the assessment of premature primary tooth loss. Unadjusted and adjusted multilevel Poisson regression models were utilized to investigate the associations between the variables. In the parental version of the scale, premature posterior primary tooth loss (rate ratio [RR] = 2.65; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.51–4.68), weak sense of coherence (RR = 2.25; 95% CI = 1.62–3.11), and visit to a dentist (RR = 1.61; 95% CI = 1.04–2.52) were associated with OHRQoL. Based on the children’s perceptions, only the preschool type was associated with OHRQoL (RR = 1.92; 95% CI = 1.21–3.05). Premature posterior primary tooth loss had a greater impact on OHRQoL based on the parents’ perception, whereas only the preschool type was associated with OHRQoL based on the children’s perception.

Parent’s knowledge, attitude and behaviour of the important role of primary teeth among children with special need

Premature loss (early loss) of primary teeth will disrupt the eruption of permanent teeth due to reduced space for eruption of the permanent teeth. Lack of space causes permanent teeth to erupt outside the correct dental arch, or push against neighboring teeth causing malocclusion in children. Dental caries is one of the main factors causing premature loss of primary teeth, especially in children with low levels of oral hygiene. Children with disabilities tend to have higher rates of dental caries and premature loss of teeth than children without disabilities. The role of parents is much greater in maintaining dental and oral health, considering the limitations of children to carry out dental and oral care independently. The low awareness and attitude of parents in an effort to maintain primary teeth is influenced by the wrong stigma that primary teeth will be replaced by permanent teeth so that there is no need for optimal care or maintenance. This study aims to describe the level of knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of parents of children with special needs regarding the importance of the role of children's primary teeth in the Special Elementary School (SDLB) Surabaya. This type of research is observational analytic with a cross-sectional approach. The results obtained in this study are 44.6% of respondents have a fairly good knowledge, 58.4% of respondents have a fairly good attitude, and 37.6% of respondents in the category of behavior are quite good.

Optimization of endodontic root canal treatment in pediatric dentistry (a systematic literature review)

Early loss of primary teeth is an important problem in pediatric dentistry. One of the most difficult aspects during treatment of the complications of caries in primary teeth is the duration of treatment. The introduction of rotary nickel-titanium systems made endodontic treatment in primary teeth easier and faster. Thereby, the aim of the present work was to conduct a systematic review with elements of the network meta-analysis and an indirect comparison of different rotary endodontic systems in terms of the time spent for endodontic treatment in primary tooth canals using the common comparator «manual treatment with K-files». Seven articles were included in the final analysis, which revealed statistically significant heterogeneity of the included data from laboratory randomized controlled trials (ProTaper/K-file: I2 = 85; p = 0.00001 and Mtwo/K-file: I2 = 95; p = 0.00001). A systematic review of the articles revealed a trend toward designating the Mtwo (VDW) system as the least time-consuming mechanical root canal preparation in primary teeth.

Body Image in Preschool Children Following Premature Loss of Primary Teeth: A Cross-sectional Study.

IntroductionPediatric dentists often see a good number of children under 6 years of age and are likely to encounter a child with missing anterior teeth. Here the parents are more concerned about the facial esthetics of the child and also about the timing of permanent teeth to erupt.AimTo know the impact on self-esteem or body image of preschool children following the premature loss of primary anterior teeth.Materials and methodsThe present cross-sectional study was conducted among 780 children in the age group of 4–6 years. The COHIP-SF 19 was utilized to know the social well-being of the child following the premature loss of anterior teeth. The descriptive and inferential analysis of the data was done by using IBM SPSS software.ResultsThere was a statistically significant association between gender and social well-being. More number of boys were concerned about their looks (p = 0.054). However, girls were found to be significantly more (p = 0.003) shy or withdrawn as compared to boys. There was a statistically significant association between a child's age and social well-being. More number of children between the ages of 4 years (23.1%) and 6 years (25.8%) were worried or anxious due to premature loss of an anterior tooth. Significantly more no of children of age 5 years (48.6%) was uncomfortable when asked about the missing tooth as compared to 4- and 6-year-old children. No statistically significant (p > 0.05) difference in the mean social well-being scores between boys and girls. No statistically significant difference in the mean social well-being scores between children of ages 4, 5, and 6 years (p > 0.05).ConclusionThere is an association between the self-image of younger children and missing anterior teeth.How to cite this articleAcharya S, Biswas R. Body Image in Preschool Children Following Premature Loss of Primary Teeth: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(3):293-298.

Assessment of Parental Knowledge towards Space Maintainer as an Essential Intervention after Premature Extraction of Primary Teeth.

This study assessed parents’ knowledge about space maintainers as an interceptive strategy after premature loss of primary teeth. Methods and Material: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based descriptive study was conducted on a sample of 600 parents; 456 (76%) were females, and 144 (24%) were males, recruited from an outpatient dental clinic at Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire consisted of two sections; the first section collected sociodemographic data of participants, and the second section gathered parental knowledge of space maintainers. The research ethics committee granted ethical approval, and informed consent was obtained before participation. Results: 600 parents participated in this study. The total mean knowledge score regarding space maintainers was 7.97 ± 3.38. The mean knowledge score was 7.06 ± 2.99 for male parents and 8.26 ± 3.45 for female parents. The difference in the mean knowledge score between female and male parents was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Additionally, there was a statistically significant difference in the knowledge score and parents’ age groups, with parents having the highest knowledge in the 30–40 age group (p = 0.0197). There was a positive correlation between knowledge scores and the number of children. Parents with one child showed less knowledge than those with two to four children (p = 0.0121). Conclusions: Participants’ knowledge regarding space maintainers was 49.8%, which is considered inadequate. It was deemed essential to increase knowledge among parents about space maintainers as an interceptive approach after premature loss of primary teeth.

Lückenhalter im Milch- und Wechselgebiss

The early loss of primary teeth can have an unfavourable effect on the development of the permanent dentition. Space maintainers can minimize or prevent these undesirable changes. However, there are some important prerequisites for the use of space maintainers. This article explains the procedure and the special aspects that need to be considered.

Abstract #1173335: Delayed Diagnosis of Juvenile Hypophosphatasia

Hypophosphatemia, a rare inherited disorder is characterized by defective mineralization of bone and/or teeth as well as the presence of low activity of serum and bone alkaline phosphatase. Affected individuals are often unrecognized or misdiagnosed. A 48-year-old female of European descent presented to endocrinology with a long history of stress fractures of various extremities and dental issues with loose teeth. Past medical history was significant for benign positional vertigo, perimenopause, nasal cartilage collapse and post-traumatic stress disorder. Past surgical history included four bone grafts. Family history was notable for mother with early adulthood hip fracture and osteoporosis. She denies any use of tobacco products, alcohol, and does not exercise regularly due to pain and limited range of motion. Physical examinations showed no noted abnormalities other than diffuse muscle and joint pain. Dental examination demonstrated loose teeth of both upper and lower jaws, which were confirmed on X-rays. Laboratory findings: serum alkaline phosphatase level 21 U/L (normal 35-113), normal renal, PTH and thyroid function tests. Cone beam CT scan showed edentulous maxilla, thin cortical contours, sclerotic cancellous bone surrounding the teeth and bone loss of mandibular teeth. Baseline dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry was normal. A genetic testing due to concern for hypophosphatasia revealed a single heterozygous pathogenic variant in the ALPL gene. Hypophosphatasia can cause several skeletal abnormalities in affected infants such as short limbs, soft skull bones and unusual chest shape. Other complications that have been noted in affected infants include hypercalcemia, respiratory problems and difficulty in gaining weight. Early primary tooth loss is one of the first signs of this condition in children, which was the case with our patient. Adult forms of this condition may present with recurring fractures, chronic pain and premature tooth loss of the secondary set of teeth, as reported in our patient. A low total serum alkaline phosphatase is a hallmark of this disease. Also elevated serum pyridoxal-5-phosphate and elevated urinary phosphoethanolamine support the diagnosis. Hypophosphatasia can be treated with recombinant human alkaline phosphatase (Asfotase alfa StrensiqTM), which has been proven to improve respiratory and motor functions, bone mineralization and reduce tooth loss and our patient is currently on this treatment. This case highlights the importance of early diagnosis of hypophosphatasia in adults and appropriate treatment to prevent further complications.

Investigating the Factors Affecting the Need for Unilateral Space Maintainer for First Primary Molars in Late Mixed Dentition.

Background Premature loss of deciduous teeth can lead to loss of space and have a negative effect on occlusion. The use of space maintainers can reduce the severity of problems such as crowding. However, the literature is controversial regarding the effects of early loss of primary first molars The aim of this study was to determine the factors affecting the need for unilateral space maintainer for the first deciduous molars in late mixed dentition. In this cross-sectional study, fifty children between 6 to 8 years who had lost a primary first molar unilaterally later than 6 months ago were randomly selected. Midline deviation, molar and canine relationships at both sides, facial growth pattern, and the amount of space loss were all assessed. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 via one-sample t-test, paired t-test, and linear regression (alpha = 0.05). Methods In this cross-sectional study, 47 children aged 8 to 10 years with early unilaterally loss of first primary molar in the past 6 months were randomly selected. First, the type of occlusion based on the angle molar relationship and the growth pattern of face based on the Hall and Farkas and midline were assessed. Anterior crowding was measured. SPSS 25 program and Chi-square, t-test, ANOVA, and linear regression were used to analyze the data. A significance level of 0.05 was considered. Results The results showed that the amount of space loss is 0.56 mm (maxilla = 0.54 and mandible = 0.58), which is not clinically significant, and there is no need for space maintainer. Increasing age (p = 0.021) and increasing the percentage ratio of facial pattern (p = 0.009) significantly reduced the space loss and increased the duration of tooth loss (p = 0.002), and molar relationship in the control side (p = 0.05) and increasing the canine to lateral distance (p = 0.016) significantly increased the space loss. Other factors such as crowding, midline deviation, and canine relationship on the control side did not have significant effects on space loss. Conclusion Space loss due to extraction of the first primary molars in late mixed dentition was neither statistically nor clinically significant. However, in cases of severe crowding, the vertical growth pattern of the face, and molar relationship, further studies are needed, and follow-up of patients is recommended.

Premature Loss of Deciduous Teeth as a Symptom of Systemic Disease: A Narrative Literature Review.

Background: Premature loss of primary teeth can occur as a consequence of dental trauma, neonatal tooth extraction, early childhood caries, or periodontal problems, or it can be a manifestation of systemic disease. This review aims to present systemic disorders that can lead to premature loss of deciduous teeth in children and to provide a comprehensive resource for clinical practice for both physicians and dentists. Methods: This study is a narrative review of original studies and case reports published in English and Polish between 1957 and 2021 that was conducted by searching electronic scientific resources: PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Science Direct. The schema of the qualification process is represented by a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). In total, 196 articles were identified; after provisional assessment of the titles and abstracts by two reviewers, 46 were found to be relevant to the topic, including 1 review, 16 original papers, and 27 case reports regarding systemic disease resulting in premature tooth loss. Results: In this study, 16 systemic diseases were linked to premature primary tooth loss in children: Papillon–Lefèvre syndrome, mucocutaneous dyskeratosis, Coffin–Lowry syndrome, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, cherubism, hypophosphatasia, acatalasia, Chediak–Higashi syndrome, cyclic neutropenia, erythromelalgia, Down syndrome, Hajdu–Cheney syndrome, short bowel syndrome, leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1 (LAD-1), and Wiedemann–Steiner syndrome (WSS).

Role of impacted teeth in dental arch crowding

Estimates show that the prevalence of mandibular dental anterior crowding is high and might be up to 40%. The etiology of the condition has been multifactorial and evidence regarding the impact of mandibular third molars is still controversial. We discussed the potential role that impacted teeth (particularly mandibular third molars) might have in developing dental arch crowding. Evidence from different original studies and reviews regarding the impact of lower third molars on dental crowding was controversial. However, most of these studies showed that the correlation between these events was insignificant and additional studies might be needed for further validation. We have also identified many factors that can lead to dental arch crowding among the relevant studies in the literature. These factors might include general factors (including gender and age), skeletal factors (including malocclusion and growth of jaws) and dental factors (including primary tooth loss and tooth crown size), all of which were extensively discussed in the current study. Accordingly, further attention should also be paid to studying these factors.

Causes of lower premolar impaction in pediatric patients. Case series.

Impacted teeth are frequently observed in clinical practice. However, the presence of impacted premolars is a rarely reported dental anomaly. It is known of a genetic relationship between the presence of several dental anomalies in the same patient as well as in the same family. Among the anomalies associated with lower premolar impactions are palatal impacted cuspids and upper lateral incisors with alteration in shape or number. This investigation aimed to describe the causes associated with lower premolar impaction through a series of 6 cases, between 11 and 15 years of age. The results found suggest the causes associated with the impaction of lower premolars were prolonged retention of primary teeth, altered eruptive pattern, presence of supernumeraries, premature loss of primary teeth and delayed eruption associated with hormonal factors. It is concluded that the presence of premolar impaction points to an association of several causes that converge, observing not only one but several dental anomalies.

Determination of proper band size for stainless steel crowns of primary second molars: A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Fixed space maintainers are often used following primary tooth loss. In this process, selection of a proper band size for stainless steel crowns (SSCs) is often performed by trial and error, which increases the chairside time and risk of contamination of the tried bands with saliva, blood, and gingival crevicular fluid, necessitating their subsequent sterilization. This study is aimed at determining the proper size of prefabricated bands for all SSCs of primary second molars.MATERIALS AND METHODS:In this cross-sectional study, seven examiners, including three orthodontists and four pediatric dentists attempted to select the proper band size for 24 primary second molar SSCs (3M). They selected the proper band size for each size of SSC six times in three sessions. The significance of all selected choices was carried out using the test of proportions.RESULTS:The most commonly selected bands for EU2, EU3, EU4, EU5, EU6, and EU7 SSCs were sizes 31+, 32+, 34, 35+, 37, and 38, respectively, and the proper bands for EL2, EL3, EL4, EL5, EL6, and EL7 SSCs were sizes 30, 31+, 32+, 33+, 35 and 36+, respectively. The difference in the frequency ratio of different choices for all sizes of SSCs was significant (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION:The current study determined the proper band size for all SSCs of primary maxillary and mandibular second molars. This information can help dental clinicians in selecting the proper band size for SSCs without trial and error.

Prevalence of malocclusion in public school students in the mixed dentition phase and its association with early loss of deciduous teeth.

ABSTRACTObjective: To determine the prevalence of malocclusion and its association with the early loss of deciduous teeth and other factors in children in the mixed dentition phase, aged six to eight years, enrolled in public schools in southern Brazil.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a representative sample of 528 children from municipal public schools in 2009. Data collection involved a clinical examination for the determination of early tooth loss, dental caries, tongue pressure and malocclusion (outcome), as well as the administration of a questionnaire. Poisson regression analysis with robust variance was used to model the association between malocclusion and the independent variables. Results: The prevalence of malocclusion and early tooth loss was 69.1% and 21.8%, respectively. In the raw data analysis, malocclusion was associated with age, early tooth loss, dental caries and tongue pressure. After the adjustment, the likelihood of malocclusion was greater among children older than eight years, those who exerted tongue pressure on the teeth and those with early tooth loss. The likelihood of malocclusion was 24% greater among children with early tooth loss, compared to those without tooth loss. Conclusion: The early loss of deciduous teeth was associated with the occurrence of malocclusion in the children studied.

Changes in paediatric dental clinic after reopening during COVID-19 pandemic in Wuhan: a retrospective study

ObjectivesAffected by COVID-19 pandemic, The Department of Paediatric Dentistry of School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University was closed in late January 2020, and resumed on 20 April. Our study...