Loss Of Dental Hard Tissue Research Articles

Applications of Factorial Analysis in the Study of Risk Factors and their Chemical Influence for Erosive Dental Wea

Dental wear is an irreversible loss of dental hard tissues under the action of physical and chemical factors that may come from the external or internal environment of the body. Dental wear is the consequence of three mechanisms: biocorrosion, friction and stress. The purpose of the study was to determine the impact of risk factors on the severity of erosive dental wear in children using factorial analysis. In this context, we used data from a statistical survey conducted between 2017-2018 on 456 rural and urban children aged 6 to 11 years, where dental wear was analyzed according to a series of diet-related factors, oral hygiene and behavioral patterns (bruxism). The major impact was caused by energy drinks, yoghurt and carbonated beverages. Through the associations resulting from the factorial analysis, the mechanisms involved in the erosive dental wear were also highlighted, and the main was biocorrosion, followed by friction and stress.

CLINICAL MANIFESTATION AND INCIDENCE OF DENTAL ENAMEL EROSION IN PATIENTS UNDER ANTIHYPERTENSIVE THERAPY

Dental erosions are defined as an irreversible loss of hard dental tissue caused by long-lasting and repetitive acid action, which dissolves the surface layer of hydroxyapatite crystal structure and fluorapatite, and the aggressive noxis not being created by the bacteria. Dental erosions can also be classified as occupational diseases. People who taste wine or carbonated drinks on a daily basis, as well as the people who are professionally engaged in swimming can spot this type of defect on their own teeth. Evaporation of industrial acids in battery factories, sanitary materials, or crystalline glass can also lead to dental erosions. Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of dental erosion in patients under antihypertensive therapy and compare them with the frequency of dental erosion in patients who did not take the same therapy. Material and method: This research involved 62 respondents, aged from 20 to 70. Patients were classified into two groups, the experimental group with 31 patients being on a therapy with antihypertensive medications for more than 5 years, and the other one, control group, with 31 patients not being on the mentioned therapy. The subjective dental anamnesis obtained from the patients was noted along with tooth status, soft tissue intraoral examination and the degree of erosive changes according to BEWE index (Basic Erosive Wear Examination). Results: Comparing the statistical significance in difference between erosive index value of all teeth, there is obvious statistical difference of the average value. In the experimental group (p0.05), higher values of tooth erosion index were noted in comparison with the control group. The average value in the experimental group is 2.25, while in the control group it is 1.37. Conclusion: Erosive lesions are present in both experimental and control group respondents, with dental erosion being more explicit with patients who use antihypertensive medications.

Decision criteria influencing the therapeutic approach to invasive cervical resorption: a case series.

Invasive cervical resorption (ICR) is a dental lesion starting in the cervical region and involving the loss of dental hard tissue as a result of odontoclastic action. Due to its localization and invasive pattern, this process represents a challenging clinical situation. When feasible, the major aim of an ICR treatment is to completely remove the pathologic tissue (specifically at the entry point of the lesion) and to seal the resulting defect, without compromising tooth rehabilitation. In this context, choosing how to access the resorptive lacuna is essential. Two main options have been described in the literature: an external approach, requiring the surgical exposure of the resorptive lacuna, and an internal approach, taking advantage of the endodontic access cavity. However, there are no guidelines that indicate which approach to choose for the treatment of an ICR. This article is based on four clinical cases. It aims to provide specific clinical and radiologic features that should be considered in order to take the most appropriate decision, when choosing between the internal and the external approaches. It is proposed to base the therapeutic strategy on the accessibility and the size of the portal of entry of the lesion. When the entry point is wide, its extension along the root must also be taken into account. Other important parameters are the circumferential and vertical extents of the lesion in the radicular dentin. Although it is not a determining factor, the pulpal involvement of the lesion can also be considered.

A Comparative Evaluation of Five Obturation Techniques in the Management of Simulated Internal Resorptive Cavities: An Ex Vivo Study.

Background:Root resorption is the loss of dental hard tissues as a result of clastic activities. It might be broadly classified into external or internal resorption by the location of the resorption in relation to the root surface. the various techniques used these days for filling internal resorption include warm condensation, vertical condensation, core techniques, thermoplasticized gutta-percha, warm vertical compaction, and cold lateral condensation.Objectives:The aims and objectives of this study were to compare the quality of root fillings in artificially created internal resorption cavities filled with warm vertical compaction, lateral condensation, Obtura II along with System B, E and Q plus along with System B, and Thermafil, and to calculate the percentage of gutta-percha, sealer, and voids using an ImageJ software.Results:Results between the warm vertical compaction (group I), lateral condensation (group II), Obtura II with System B (group III), E and Q plus with System B (group IV), and Thermafil (group V), group III showed the highest percentage of gutta-percha plus sealer and gutta-percha, and least number of voids, which was statistically significant (P < 0.000).Conclusion:It can be concluded that Obtura II along with System B was found to be the most suitable obturation technique for the management of teeth exhibiting internal resorption. Thermafil was found to give the poorest obturation quality when used to fill the teeth with internal resorption. Similarly, lateral condensation technique was observed to show maximum sealer and hence was not ideal for the management of internal resorptive cavities.

Diş aşınmalarının etiyolojisi, prevalansı ve patogenezi

The most common reason for tooth and dental hard tissue loss has been dental caries. Since application of fluoride, the prevalence, incidence and severity of caries has declined and the dental life expectancy has increased. One of the most common factor associated with this prolonged dental life expectancy is tooth wear. Tooth wear is an irreversible, non carious, destructive process, which results in a functional loss of dental hard tissue. It can manifest as abrasion, attrition, abfraction and erosion. This article will describe the etiology, prevalance and pathogenesis of tooth wear.

Abrasion of Teeth in Population Groups from Historical Periods in the Region of Former Yugoslavia

This study investigated the frequency, type, and degree of abrasion on permanent teeth from 694 skulls from archaeological sites dating from the beginning of the first century AD to the beginning of the twentieth century in the former Yugoslavia. The conclusions are: 1) 100% of the specimens had dental abrasion; 2) the Roman Age and Middle Ages teeth had a horizontal-vertical type of abrasion, while New Age teeth had a predominantly horizontal type of abrasion; and 3) Roman Age and the Middle Ages groups had the most severe loss of dental hard tissue.

External cervical resorption-part 1: histopathology, distribution and presentation.

External cervical resorption (ECR) is the loss of dental hard tissue as a result of odontoclastic action. It is a dynamic process that involves periodontal, dental and in later stages pulpal tissues. Over the last two decades, ECR has attracted increased interest; this is in part due to novel micro-CT and histopathological techniques for its assessment and also improved radiographic detection using CBCT. This literature review will cover the aetiology, potential predisposing factors, histopathology and diagnosis of ECR. Part 2 will cover the management of ECR.

RESTORATIVE DENTAL MATERIALS

Introduction: Erosion is an escalating problem in all age groups. Dental erosioncan be defined as painless irreversible loss of dental hard tissue due to chemical processwithout the involvement of microorganisms. There are several causes of erosion includingacidic foods and drinks. They are not only harmful to teeth but it is one of the main causes offailure of restoration. Erosion is one of the main challenges to restorative materials. Therefore,the restorative materials used in the mouth should resist or show minimal change in thesesituations. A variety of restorative materials are currently recommended for erosive lesions,including resin modified glass ionomer cement, resin composite and amalgam. Each materialhas its own advantages and disadvantages, which are considered before selecting them asrestorative materials. Objectives: To compare the surface micro-hardness of three restorativematerials when exposed to three acidic beverages and distilled water. Study design: This wasan experimental study. Setting: de’Montmorency College of dentistry in collaboration withPakistan council of scientific and industrial research (PCSIR) Lahore. Period: 6 months, Nov2014- April 2015. Material &amp; Methods: Ninety six disc specimens prepared with resin modifiedglass ionomer, resin composite and amalgam restorative materials. The initial surface microhardnesstest was carried out at 1 day after mixing (before immersion) using micro-hardnesstesting machine. After base line study of micro-hardness the material specimens were subjectedto one of the storage media which was comprised of cola, apple juice, orange juice and distilledwater as control. Quantitative assessment of final surface micro-hardness was done at 2, 5 and7 days after immersion. The values obtained as base line and final vickers hardness number(VHN) for each specimen were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: Exposure to acidicbeverages decreased the surface micro-hardness of all the three restorative materials (P&lt;0.05),while distal water did not affect the surface micro-hardness of any material. The resin modifiedGIC showed greatest reduction in surface micro-hardness as compared to Amalgam and ResinComposite. The cola produced the greatest degradation effect. Conclusion: Selection ofrestorative materials should be considered in patients with tooth surface loss, especially thosewith high risk for erosive conditions. In terms of materials evaluated for this study Amalgam andResin Composite provides the greatest stability under acidic conditions.

Is Adding TiF4 in Supply Water a Viable Measure for the Control of Dental Erosion?

Introduction: The prevention of tooth erosion, progressive and irreversible loss of hard dental tissue due to the chemical process without bacterial involvement, can be mediated by the use of fluoride compounds with incorporation of titanium. The Hypothesis: The addition of titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4) to public water supply is an efficient and economical alternative for the management of dental erosion. Evaluation of the Hypothesis: Several studies show that TiF4, in gel or varnish forms, has a significant effect on the prevention of dental erosion, so that the increase of this compound in public water supply would contribute to a greater comprehensiveness of its protective effects on tooth erosion. The addition of TiF4 in public water supply is an effective and economical alternative for the prevention of dental erosion, contributing to a greater comprehensiveness of the protective effects of this compound.

Erosive tooth wear - why clinicians should be aware of this condition

Erosive tooth wear (ETW) is defined as a chemical-mechanical process leading to the cumulative loss of hard dental tissue without the involvement of bacteria. The prevalence of ETW has been reported to range from 10% to over 80% in children and 4% to 82% in adults. The management of ETW should include an early diagnosis, the evaluation of different etiological factors, risk identification and the proposal of preventive measures to delay the advance of the condition. These measures include fluoride exposure, use of low abrasive toothpastes, clinical monitoring, and in more severe cases sealant application and restorations. Patients suffering from eating disorders with purging behaviour and gastroesophageal reflux disease are considered the most important group of risk for this condition. Clinicians should be aware of this condition with growing prevalence, once substance loss is an irreversible condition, providing prompt preventive measures, during the early stages, are essential to reduce ETW. Key words: Erosive Tooth Wear, Dental Erosion, Diagnosis, Prevention.

Occlusal onlays as a modern treatment concept for the reconstruction of severely worn occlusal surfaces.

According to the Fifth German Oral Health Study, the caries experience in the German population is declining sharply. The number of teeth still present at an advanced age has also increased significantly in recent decades. This shows a clear trend towards long-term tooth preservation - possibly with fixed dental prostheses - which is further supported by the possibility to place implants to increase the number of abutments. The pronounced decline in caries experience has given Germany a leading international position in terms of dental health. But there is increasing evidence of risks associated with dental hard-tissue damage because of erosion/biocorrosion, attrition, and abrasion. The defect morphology of these wear-related lesions is different from that of caries lesions; occlusal surfaces are more often affected in the posterior region. Against this background, restorative treatment concepts have become significantly more differentiated in recent decades. Predominantly subtractive concepts to provide mechanical retention for the restoration using traditional cements are now replaced by less invasive, primarily defect-oriented procedures wherever feasible. In the case of pronounced dental hard-tissue loss, additive approaches also allow restorations that restore function. In addition, there are modifications of traditional procedures, such as defining the treatment goal in the lead-up to the treatment itself with the aid of a diagnostic wax-up. The wax-up provides orientation for the subsequent tooth preparation and allows a particularly economical approach to the removal of healthy dental hard tissue. Furthermore, the introduction of new preparation designs has contributed significantly to the preservation of dental hard tissue on the teeth to be restored. This article describes the principles of minimally invasive treatment using occlusal onlays for the reconstruction of severely worn occlusal surfaces.

ОПЫТ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ НОВОЙ ФАРМАКОЛОГИЧЕСКИ АКТИВНОЙ КОМПОЗИЦИИ НАНОСТРУКТУРИРОВАННОГО ФТОРАПАТИТА ПРИ ЛЕЧЕНИИ РАННИХ ПРОЯВЛЕНИЙ ПОВЫШЕННОЙ СТИРАЕМОСТИ ЗУБОВ

Subject. The article presents an investigation of the dental status of patients with early manifestations of tooth wear. The effectiveness of applying a new pharmacologically active composition of nanostructured fluorine hydroxyapatite as a remineralizing agent in the form of a gel in comparison with traditional methods was evaluated. Objectives. To study the effectiveness of a new pharmacologically active composition of nanostructured fluorhydroxyapatite application in the treatment of early manifestations of tooth wear. Methods. 153 patients were examined at the stages of remineralizing therapy with using a new pharmacologically active composition and traditional methods, indexed OHI-S, PMA, KPU, periodontal index, indicators of electrometry, test of enamel resistance, quality of life. Results. Within 1 year of observations in the study groups, in 91.2% cases, a persistent remission of the disease without progression of the loss of hard dental tissues was observed against the background of a decrease in the electrometry and test of enamel resistance test. 56.4% of patients throughout the year noted the absence of a symptom of hyperesthesia. The recurrence of the symptom of hyperesthesia against a background of fixed indices of resistance and electrical conductivity of enamel was noted by 34.8% of patients. In 8,8% of cases there was a lack of dynamics of indices and reduction of hyperesthesia. Conclusions. The level of caries-resistance and electrical conductivity of enamel of the teeth of patients of two groups was studied: with facets of erasability within the enamel and with dotted dentin damage against the background of the course of remineralizing therapy with using pharmacologically active composition of nanostructured fluorine hydroxyapatite. The relationship between the reduction of the symptom of hyperesthesia and the increase in the level of dental health of patients after the end of treatment was revealed.

A Micro-Comb Test System for In Situ Investigation of Infiltration and Crystallization Processes

The investigation of mineralization and demineralization processes is important for the understanding of many phenomena in daily life. Many crystalline materials are exposed to decay processes, resulting in lesions, cracks, and cavities. Historical artifacts, for example, often composed of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), are damaged by exposure to acid rain or temperature cycles. Another example for lesions in a crystalline material is dental caries, which lead to the loss of dental hard tissue, mainly composed of hydroxyapatite (HAp). The filling of such cavities and lesions, to avoid further mineral loss and enable or support the remineralization, is a major effort in both areas. Nevertheless, the investigation of the filling process of these materials into the cavities is difficult due to the non-transparency and crystallinity of the concerned materials. In order to address this problem, we present a transparent, inexpensive, and reusable test system for the investigation of infiltration and crystallization processes in situ, being able to deliver datasets that could potentially be used for quantitative evaluation of the infiltration process. This was achieved using a UV-lithography-based micro-comb test system (MCTS), combined with self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) to mimic the surface tension/wettability of different materials, like marble, sandstone, or human enamel. Moreover, the potential of this test system is illustrated by infiltration of a CaCO3 crystallization solution and a hydroxyapatite precursor (HApP) into the MCTS.

Preliminary Assessment of Risk Factors for Tooth Wear

Abstract Background: Epidemiological studies have reported an increasing prevalence of tooth wear, and general dental practitioners see a greater number of patients seeking treatment with worn dentition. Improper oral hygiene, unhealthy habits, occupational hazards, and potentially erosive processed foods seem to play a major role in the non-carious loss of dental hard tissue. The aim of this study is to assess the factors and cofactors that may play a major role in the genesis of dental attrition, dental abrasion, and, especially, dental erosion. Material and methods: Seventy-nine consecutive patients, aged between 17 and 78 years, have enrolled in our study, completing a questionnaire regarding chronic illnesses, eating habits, and dental hygiene, followed by a dental clinical examination. Results: The male-female ratio was 1.4:1, with a mean age of 35.6 years. Forty-four (55.7%) patients presented objective signs of tooth wear. Regarding oral hygiene habits, the use of a hard toothbrush is linked to increased tooth wear, while brushing in a circular motion seems to be the least abrasive. We found a considerable prevalence of bruxism (19%), which led to severe generalized attrition in almost half of such patients. The most popular drinks with erosive potential were coffee (58.2%), soft drinks (57%), and tea (24.1%), and extrinsic erosion was more frequent in patients younger than 30 years. Understandably, physiological tooth wear was more common in older patients. The questionnaire revealed that over 60% of patients have inaccurate knowledge of tooth wear. Conclusions: Tooth wear is partially a progressive physiological process. Unfortunately, we see it increasing in younger patients due to pathological influencing factors. These include improper tooth brushing technique and materials, bruxism, dental prosthesis, dietary habits. Primordial and primary prevention is the key to reducing morbidity, health education being an essential part of it.

Dental lesions and restorative treatment in molars

Abstract This article review specific clinical issues of the molar teeth, as well as the therapeutic approach of their pathology. The dental pathology we face in the group of molars is related to: dental caries, dental trauma (crown and crown-root fractures), dental wear phenomena. The therapeutic approach of the molar teeth is represented by: restoration of the loss of hard dental tissues; endodontic treatments of pulpal and periapical complications; surgical treatment. The restorative treatments in molars are: direct restorations, with or without supplementary anchorage for obturations; inlay, onlay; prosthetic crown.

THE CURRENT VIEW ON THE USE OF RECONSTRUCTION MATERIALS IN DENTISTRY

The hardest tissue in the human body is the enamel which covers the anatomical crowns of teeth. It must be resistant to mechanical stress and the chemical attack of many substances from food, drinks and products of the metabolism of bacteria present in the oral cavity. These low pH substances dissolve the mineral components of enamel, cause tooth demineralization, and lead to decay or erosion damage with the irreversible loss of dental hard tissues and the necessity of their reconstruction. The range of dental materials intended for dental tissue reconstruction is extensive. Dental amalgam can be mechanically applied into the strongly stressed lateral segments of teeth. The use of amalgam is, however, in decline, with the possible health risks attributed to it, coupled with the need to extensively prepare tooth tissue promoting a shift towards using aesthetically and biologically favourable dental ceramic and polymeric materials instead. Current developments also concentrate on these materials to reinforce this, with polymeric composite materials based on methacrylates with varying amounts of inorganic fillers at the forefront. These materials are distinguished by their good mechanical and aesthetic properties and wear resistance. However, polymerization shrinkage and a strong hydrophobic nature does not allow for their direct bonding to hard dental tissues. Risks associated with the release of residual free monomers from the structure to the environment, which may cause health complications, mainly allergic reactions in sensitive individuals, have been monitored recently. Further development in the field of composite materials aims to reduce or completely eliminate these negatives.

DENTAL EROSION AS A MANIFESTATION OF SJOGREN'S SYNDROME

Introduction: Dental erosion is the loss of dental hard tissue by a chemical process not involving bacteria. It has a multifactorial origin and could be observed as a manifestation of different diseases such as Sjogren's syndrome. Materials and Methods: The article reports a clinical case of a 57-year-old patient with erosive defects on the entire dentition and problems with saliva secretion. Diagnosis was made by using ultrasound examination and chairside test for evaluation of saliva properties. Results: The results from the chairside test revealed poor quality of the stimulated and resting saliva. The ultrasound examination showed a total change in the structure of the tissues of all salivary glands. Conclusion: Dental health should not be treated as an isolated body condition - it is part of the whole organism. The intraoral examination can be essential for the discovery of some systemic diseases.

Prevalence of Erosive Tooth Sensitivity in Patients with GERD

Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is the passage of gastric contents into the esophagus, and GERD is symptom or complication of GER. The most common extra oral manifestation of GERD is a progressive, irreversible loss of dental hard tissues due to a chemical process not involving bacteria. Tooth sensitivity is a common complaint in local population. Because of dietary habits, GERD is a prevalent condition in local region as well. To study the prevalence of dental wear and sensitivity in patients with gastric problems, an observational study was conducted. Sample size was 210 patients examined in different dental clinics and hospitals of Lahore. A questionnaire was used to collect data covering various aspects. Out of recruited subjects showing symptoms of GERD, only 38% people were diagnosed with GERD. All the recruited subjects were having dental problems and out of them 38% considered visiting dentist. The study showed that many respondents used to consume citrus fruits, carbonated drinks; tea/coffee frequently. Effective outcome of dental erosion treatment requires counseling and oral hygiene information. This study determined the GERD patients were at higher risk of developing dental erosion com¬pared to the healthy individuals in a sample of Pakistani population

Aetiological, histopathological, clinical, diagnostic and therapeutical features of idiopathic cervical resorption

Root resorption is the loss of hard dental tissue as a result of odontoclastic action involving vital and pulpless teeth. Cervical root resorption (CRR) is a type of external resorption which usually occurs immediately below the epithelial attachment of the tooth in the cervical region. The idiopathic cervical resorption (ICR) refers to a clinical situation in which all other causes, whether local or systemic, have been ruled out as the origin of the disease. The early stage is asymptomatic and might be diagnosed by a routine radiograph or a clinical examination. In this study, the aetiological, histological, clinical and radiological analysis is undertaken; a review is made concerning the pathologies to which the differential diagnosis should be applied; and the different therapeutical options are discussed. This lesion sometimes demands the management of a broad field of multidisciplinary techniques such as restorative dentistry, endodontics, surgery, implants and prosthesis. Clinical relevance: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) may be a useful tool to determine the true extent of external cervical resorption lesions.

Etiology, classification and systematic restorative treatment of tooth wear

Tooth wear has complex and multi-factorial etiologies that result in the surface loss of dental hard tissues. Clinic prevention and restorative technology of tooth wear are challenge for dentists with the increasing numbers of population and the transition of disease age. From the etiology and classification of tooth wear, it is crucial to accurately assess and diagnose a patient presenting with tooth wear. Fluoride application, sealant and resin bonded restoration are beneficial to manage the mild tooth wear. For severe tooth wear, it is need to fabricate the diagnostic wax-up, and resin mock-up is also used to verify the occlusal relationship and vertical dimension increase, and then an interim restoration is also used to adapt the patient to the change of occlusion. Finally, by means of contemporary adhesive technique and min-invasive treatment, the dentist can reconstruct the shape of worn tooth, effectively restore the function of chewing and improve the appearance and pronounciation.