Loss Of Father Research Articles

MELANGKAH TANPA PENUNTUN: MENGEKSPLORASI DAMPAK KEHILANGAN AYAH TERHADAP KESEHATAN MENTAL DAN EMOSIONAL ANAK-ANAK

The role and function of parents towards children are very important in the family. The absence of one person, especially the father, in guiding and supporting the development of the child will have a direct, unknown impact on a family, as it has a significant impact on the child's health and emotional well-being. Most children unconsciously have problems with the role of a lost father or fatherless in their lives; even Indonesia occupies the third place in the roles of a missing father or fatherless. The study explores the impact of father loss on the child's mental and emotional health, factors that cause fatherlessness, and adaptive strategies to cope with the difficulties that arise after the loss of a father. This research uses a library study method, or literature review, which involves collecting books, articles, and previous research that supports research with a qualitative approach. The results point to the fact that losing a father can have a significant impact on a child's mental and emotional health. This study provides insight into the importance of the father's role in the family and the importance of social support to cope with the impact fatherless.

We, the Mourners of the Pandemic in Brazil: Relationships between Mourning and Politics Based on the Loss of Mothers or Fathers by Covid-19

We, the Mourners of the Pandemic in Brazil: Relationships between Mourning and Politics Based on the Loss of Mothers or Fathers by Covid-19

Entendre ces silences : traduire, transmettre et refléter Entendez-vous dans les montagnes… de Maïssa Bey, en italien et en anglais

Listen to those silences: translating, communicating and reflecting Entendez-vous dans les montagnes…by Maïssa Bey, in Italian and English
 Maïssa Bey is a French-speaking Algerian writer whose first works were published in the 1990s, during the "black decade" of the civil war that ravaged Algeria. Algerian people, especially women, of whom the author is an integral part, are the protagonists of her stories and novels that aim to break the silences and censorship, to explore the small stories hidden behind the big story. This article aims to analyse the Italian and English translations of Entendez-vous dans les montagnes..., a novel published in France in 2002 and in Algeria in 2007. The Italian translation, published by Astarte in 2020, is by Barbara Sommovigo, who had already translated Bey’s Puisque mon coeur est mort in 2013, initiating an almost paradigmatic author-translator relationship that allows for an effective approach to a short but complex text like Entendez- vous dans les montagnes... The English translation is by the American Erin Lamm, and is the result of her doctoral thesis, with a clearly more academic intention than the Italian text, whose publishing house Astarte aims to communicate voices from the shores of the Mediterranean. In fact, Bey's work travels between two languages and therefore between two cultures, the French and the Algerian, which intersect in the pages of the story like the lives of the three protagonists. An Algerian woman, an elderly Frenchman and Marie, a young blond woman, meet in the same compartment of a train to evoke memories and thoughts, which lead them to the past and recent history of Algeria, through painful pages among which is evoked the loss of the author's father, killed in 1957 by French soldiers. It is a difficult task for the translators to render this multiplicity of themes and languages from the title: for a French-speaking reader, there is a strong reference to both a line from the Marseillaise and an Algerian patriotic song (Min Djibalina). The Italian title is therefore changed to Dietro quei silenzi…, while the English title is purely literal, Do You Hear in the Mountains... This is just one of the translation choices that will be analysed in this paper, in which the comparison between the strategies and techniques used in the two translation works will be constant, creating a perpetual dialogue with the original text, in the image of the friendship that now exists between the author Maïssa Bey and the two translators.

Post-traumatic growth of Afghan adolescents after traumatic loss of father.

Adolescents' mental health may be influenced either negatively or positively through loss of a parent, especially bereavement due to a traumatic death. This descriptive phenomenological study aimed to investigate Afghan adolescents' post-traumatic growth after traumatic loss of father. The participants were 14 female and male Afghan adolescents who met the inclusion criteria. Post-traumatic growth was substantiated by virtue of post-traumatic growth questionnaire. Data was collected through a semi-structured interview, and Colaizzi analysis method was used for data analysis. Two main themes were extracted: (a) moving forward with hope and (b) factors associated with enhancement of hope. Findings showed that Afghan traumatized adolescents achieved post-traumatic growth over time. The most important factors in enhancement of hopefulness were social support, psychological, and cognitive factors, as well as spiritual well-being. Our findings suggested that both schools and non-governmental organization in Afghanistan may be benefitted from more accessible opportunities to enhance post-traumatic growth for bereaved adolescents.

(339) Urologic and Psychiatric Considerations in Male Genital Self-Mutilation

Abstract Introduction Male genital self-mutilation (GSM) can be categorized into four subtypes – amputation, castration, mutilation, and combined amputation/castration. The most common psychiatric diagnosis associated with GSM is schizophrenia, followed by substance use disorders, personality disorders and gender dysphoria. Objective We discuss a case of amputation/castration GSM in a patient presenting without his severed organ. Treatment considerations in patients with active psychosis due to schizophrenia presenting with GSM are discussed. Methods A 30-year-old single male with a history of schizophrenia requiring multiple prior inpatient psychiatric admissions, obsessive compulsive disorder, and autism spectrum disorder presented to the Emergency Department with penile and bilateral testicular self-amputation. Upon inquiry regarding the method of injury, the patient stated “someone” instructed him to “cut off” his penis and testes with a pair of scissors. He subsequently disposed of his severed organs by flushing them down the toilet. Consent was obtained from the patient’s mother, who served as his healthcare proxy. He underwent operative intervention including penile “stump-plasty”, suture ligation of the bilateral spermatic cords, and scrotal Penrose drain placement with loose re-approximation of scrotal skin. He was admitted for inpatient psychiatric care for management of schizophrenia with active psychosis. Post-operatively he was observed repeatedly touching and contaminating his surgical site and developed a wound infection. The patient underwent operative wound exploration and washout on post-operative day 10. He convalesced well after completing a course of antibiotics for MRSA wound infection. Results Operative intervention options in patients presenting with GSM differ based on the presence or absence of the severed penis. In this patient who presented without the severed penis, possible operative intervention includes primary closure with urethral advancement (stump-plasty), debridement and delayed repair with skin grafting, and perineal urethrostomy. Our patient underwent stump-plasty, and was able to void while standing in the post-operative period. Penile replantation can be considered when the organ has not been discarded. Considerations in psychiatric patients presenting with self-inflicted injuries secondary to a psychotic episode include the patient’s ability to provide informed consent, insight into the patient’s condition, history and severity of mental illness, and increased likelihood of future attempts at self-harm. Severe schizophrenia is associated with increased perioperative complications, including sepsis, acute kidney injury, increased length of stay, and operative wound infections, as well as increased odds of having an adverse operative outcome. Risk factors for GSM include psychotic experiences, personality disorders, prior history of GSM, alcohol and drug use, guilt toward sexual feelings, and early father loss. Patients presenting with an acute episode of psychosis and GSM have increased risk of future GSM, with up to one-third of these patients making a repeated attempt at GSM. Conclusions In a patient with GSM who presents without the severed organ, the physician should consider the patient’s psychiatric history. In patients with an acute psychotic episode and severe schizophrenia, physicians should consider primary closure with urethral advancement versus perineal urethrostomy rather than delayed repair with skin grafting to avoid the risk of wound infection. Disclosure No

Failing health. Exploring tensions.

Recently I was invited to write a short paper for Context magazine, a magazine for Family Therapy and Systemic Practice in the UK. It is a themed edition, due to be published in the summer of 2023, edited by Joanne Hipplewith who generated the theme of “Failing, to do better” (Context, 187). For me the title speaks to the idea that there is a tension to explore within failure; the tension of present pain and future opportunity that the inclusion of the comma brings into view. I wrote about experiencing the theme as a writing prompt and used the opportunity to reflect on times I have experienced failure in academic contexts and to reflect on the process of writing for publication. For many this can invite anxiety around failure and provoke fear of “getting it wrong”. I explored also the tension between the pain of failure and the hope of learning something useful from the experience (Salter, 2023). A sub-theme emerged in my writing linked to current health status and the recent loss of my father who died from cancer in September 2022. I suppose I was reminded of the invitation to see ill health and end of life as a failure of some kind, that I had been failing in terms of my own health and that my father ultimately had failed to survive cancer. But there were opportunities, even here. My father and I found a way to live with (and for me, live through and beyond) the health challenges we faced and we were able to create space in our relationship to honour each other’s challenges. This was new territory. A new tension.

MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS OF AFGHAN REFUGEE CHILDREN: ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION

Objective: This study was carried out in order to determine the anxiety and depression levels of refugee children. Material and Method: This study was carried out with 140 refugee children studying at secondary and high schools located in the central district of Erzincan province of Turkey between January and April 2022. Data were collected with Socio-demographic Questionnaire, “State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children”, and “Child Depression Scale”. Percent, means, simple t-test, One Way Anova Test, and multiple regression analysis were utilized in the analysis of the data. Results: In the study, the variables of loss of father, education, separation from the family during the war, duration of life in Turkey, having any chronic disease, and smoking were observed to be eff ective on the total score of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAIC). While it was found that the mother/ father alive, the duration of living in Turkey, and having any chronic disease had an eff ect on the CDI total score (p<0.05). It was determined that the total mean score of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was 35.03 ±7.10, and the mean total score of CDI was 16.34 ±8.28. Furthermore, it was determined that 20.7% of refugee children had high levels of anxiety and 37.9% had depression. Conclusion: Study fi ndings have showed that refugee children have mental health problems while less than half of them experience high levels of anxiety and depression.

The Dimming of the Shining City

Our nation has been reduced from the ideals of its founding by forces inherent in our contemporary culture. What results is a nation that has failed the test of the pandemic as evidenced by preventable excess morbidity and mortality...and the loss of my patient's father.

The intergenerational effects of paternal incarceration on children's social and psychological well-being from early childhood to adolescence.

The present study sought to unravel the psychological processes through which mass incarceration, specifically paternal incarceration, is negatively affecting the next generation of children. Data came from 4,327 families from 20 cities who participated in a 10-year longitudinal study. Parents and children reported on children's rule-breaking behaviors and depressive symptoms when they were on average ages 5 (2003-2006), 9 (2007-2010), and 15 (2014-2017). Parental surveys and disposition information were combined to assess paternal incarceration at each age. Results showed that children who experienced paternal incarceration at age 5 also demonstrated more rule-breaking behaviors at age 15. Children's age-9 depressive symptoms partially mediated our finding, such that children who experienced paternal incarceration at age 5 also showed greater depressive symptoms at age 9, which in turn predicted greater rule-breaking behaviors at age 15. Paternal incarceration predicted future rule-breaking behaviors more strongly than did other forms of father loss. Because we found paternal incarceration during childhood is associated with worsened adjustment into adolescence, we discussed the need for developmentally appropriate practices in the criminal justice system.

The Longitudinal Associations Between Paternal Incarceration and Family Well-Being: Implications for Ethnic/Racial Disparities in Health.

Ethnic/racial minority children in the United States are more likely to experience father loss to incarceration than White children, and limited research has examined the health implications of these ethnic/racial disparities. Telomere length is a biomarker of chronic stress that is predictive of adverse health outcomes. This study examined whether paternal incarceration predicted telomere length shortening among offspring from childhood to adolescence, whether maternal depression mediated the link, and whether ethnicity/race moderated results. Research participants included 2,395 families in the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing study, a national and longitudinal cohort study of primarily low-income families from 20 large cities in the United States. Key constructs were measured when children were on average ages 9 (2007-2010) and 15 (2014-2017). Children who experienced paternal incarceration exhibited shorter telomere lengths between ages 9 and 15, and changes in maternal depression mediated this finding. Specifically, mothers who experienced a partner's incarceration were more likely to have depression between children's ages 9 and 15. In turn, increases in maternal depression between children's ages 9 and 15 predicted more accelerated telomere length shortening among children during this period. Paternal incarceration was more prevalent and frequent for ethnic/racial minority youth than for White youth. Paternal incarceration is associated with a biomarker of chronic stress among children in low-income families. Rates of paternal incarceration were more prevalent and frequent among Black American and multiethnic/multiracial families than among White Americans. As a result, the mass incarceration crisis of the criminal justice system is likely shaping intergenerational ethnic/racial health disparities.

Responses to unexpected events; folk-rock-blues anthems; memes and other non-genetically inherited traits

Abstract What follows is a look back over a long and productive career and avocation in a field that I love, but one that has also been struck occasionally by personal tragedy, including the loss of my father at an early age, the unexpected death of my beloved wife and life partner in 2010, and a stroke in 2020 that has left me partially disabled. But impactful events can be serendipitous in prompting productive research. The lesson learned by such experiences is that opportunities—and the self-imposed responsibilities—to make positive contributions to the world, and to thereby honor the memories of those lost, continue beyond such events. The lessons I have learned along the way should inspire others at the start of and during their own personal life trajectories, particularly in developing the ability to recognize and appreciate opportunities for mentorship and to inspire emerging scholars and junior researchers to both respond to such opportunities to be mentored and subsequently to be mentors themselves. Everyone, especially students and junior scientists, in particular those who will become resource managers, should realize that they are links in a chain—an important one connecting the past and the future! My goal herein is to use my story to advise students and young scientists, and remind my older colleagues, of the importance of keeping this perspective as they go forward. I have tried to weave this message together with justification for motivation.

COOKING ALBUM AS A “MEMORY BOX” IN “FIVE QUARTERS OF THE ORANGE” NOVEL BY JOANNE HARRIS

The article is devoted to the actualization of memory studies in Ukrainian literary criticism. In particular, it is about expanding the working tools of this humanitarian field by introducing new terminological definitions («memory box», memory map, «wounds of time»). These terms were transferred from the research of Aleida Assmann and used in the analysis and reconstruction of the architecture of memory based on the material of a particular work. The object of analysis is the novel of the modern British writer Joanne Harris “Five Quarters of the Orange” (2001), which is the final one in the so-called French cycle (novels “Chocolat”, “Blackberry Wine” and “Five Quarters of the Orange” that are united by the topos of the French province of Brittany). The purpose of the article is to reveal the conditional architecture of memory of Joanne Harris’s novel «Five Quarters of the Orange». This is a reconstruction of a conditional memory map, which is primarily associated with the tragic events of the Second World War. The outlined «wound of time» is directly connected with the relationship between the Dartigen family and the German soldier Thomas Leibniz. Individual memories of past events are encrypted in an old cooking album, which in its turn is identical to a “memory box” – the portable repository of memories or the ark. The article implements several tasks that made it possible to achieve the main goal. It is primarily about discovering and exploring the mechanisms of memory that are inherent in both narrative structures of the text: both Mirabelle’s notes on the margins of her cooking album and the memories of the main character Framboise are analyzed in terms of correlation of individual memories and collective flashback of the past. The influence of trauma and traumatic experience of the Dartigen family in general on the formation of memory architecture in the novel is also outlined. Illness of mother, early loss of father, which the children are going through, seen murder (Franboise was the witness); expulsion from home and forced expulsion of painful memories for the sake of continued existence are all conditional points on the memory map that are recreated by Fraumboise in her story, which simulates oral storytelling. Finally, several symbols are researched that also correspond to certain points on the memory map. They are aimed at actualization of reader’s attention and focus on the significance of certain events in the life of the family and Les Laveuses (cooking album of Mirabelle; orange encrypted in the title of the novel; Observatory, Standing Stones, Loire River, where the Hunt for the Old Mother was and who finally took away Thomas Leibniz). The conditional architecture of memory in Joanne Harris’s novel “Five Quarters of the Orange”, in fact, results in deciphering the cooking album (“memory box”) and presents the author’s message of forgiveness and understanding, as well as affirms the anti-war message that is extremely relevant today.

A time to be silent and a time to speak: intergenerational family narrative and father loss before birth

ABSTRACT This qualitative study explored the intergenerational family narratives around loss and bereavement as perceived by 12 Israeli adults, whose fathers died before they were born. Using the interpretative phenomenological analysis approach, the intergenerational narrative process was examined as it appeared in in-depth, semi-structured interviews. Three phases of this process were identified: (1) the first generation: establishing the rule of silence, (2) the second generation: obeying the rule of silence, and (3) the third generation: breaking the rule of silence. The discussion presents a nuanced examination of the functions of silence in family narration in the case of traumatic loss, its impact on children whose fathers died before they were born, and the notion of the timing and processing of intergenerational dialogues of loss between grandparents, parents, children, and grandchildren. Practical implications include the importance of recognizing the need for a careful balance between silence and speech, both for the family as a unit and for its grieving members. Also, family therapists should consider incorporating three-generation therapy sessions in cases of parent loss in general, and father loss before birth in particular.

Living in dual liminal states: Navigating the loss of my father and my clinical career during a pandemic

Drawing from Van Gennep and Caffee’s conceptualization of liminality, this autoethnographic narrative portrays the author’s rites of passage into academia and through the death of her father. These fundamental developmental transitions and losses emerged concomitantly within the backdrop of a pandemic, further cloaking the world in grief and disequilibrium. Incorporating the voice of the personal as professional, the author portrays her existential struggles in relinquishing her cherished role as a palliative care social worker and living through her dad’s final months during a time of restricted social interaction. Interwoven throughout the narrative appear stories of strife, hope, grief, and professional epiphanies of purpose and insider privilege. The paper embraces both personal and professional conflicts and provides insight into the ways in which the unique setting of a pandemic can provide clarity for navigating the liminal states of separation, transition, and incorporation.

From the Front Line of Contemporary South Korean Feminist Criticism

From the Front Line of Contemporary South Korean Feminist Criticism1 Hye-Ryoung Lee (bio) Translated by Jamie Chang (bio) The essays collected for this special issue embody a dynamic temporality in which the lives and voices of generations of women from grandmother through mother to daughter from the colonial era to the present converge and intervene with one another. While not explicitly addressing the question of how to write women's history, the articles have in common a sense of feminist temporality that opposes itself to a monolithic evolutionary temporality as well as to the politics of gender based on sameness. Here, it is worthy to note that Kim Jiyoung, Born in 1982, and From Sisŏn, two contemporary South Korean women's writings which I discuss in the subsequent section, make no reference to key events related to South Korea's democratization, although the Korean War and Asian Financial Crisis are some of their key backdrops.2 Perhaps such a silence may reflect a [End Page 215] historical reality in which those big events that have signposted the trail of democracy might have an immediate bearing upon women's lives—a point that reflects Virginia Woolf's comparison, in A Room of One's Own, between women's suffrage (the right of women to vote) and the inheritance of 500 pounds given per year. By investigating many aspects of recently-popularized forms of feminism as well as of mass culture, the feminism here and now underlying these essays makes great strides in interrogating the current status of South Korea's democracy. Before moving onto individual essays, I would like to usher in the ways in which literature and #MeToo and #MeTooWithYou feminism blended themselves and paved distinctive tracks in contemporary South Korea. I will begin by introducing Prosecutor Sŏ Chi-hyŏn's narrative acts, to be followed by a discussion of two recent novels written by women. Prosecutor Sŏ Chi-hyŏn catalyzed the South Korean #MeToo movement by appearing on JTBC's Newsroom on January 28, 2018. She spoke out against An T'ae-kŭn, a former prosecutor and then-director of policy planning at the Ministry of Justice; on a bereavement visit for their colleague's father where he accompanied the minister of justice, An sexually harassed her. Frustrated in her efforts to bring about an investigation and apology within the Prosecutor's Office, Sŏ publicly declared #MeToo. The next day, January 29, she posted two pieces on e-PROS, an internal prosecutor's office site: one piece revealed the sexual harassment and the other, which had no title, adopted the narrative conventions of fiction. Both were published the next day in Hankyoreh.3 Sŏ says she wrote the second piece to clarify her thoughts while undergoing severe psychological suffering. Though the piece is stylistically novelistic, she has said that it is "based on 100% real facts." In the narrative, Sŏ appears as Park Chi-hyŏn and is [End Page 216] consistently referred to as "yŏja" (woman). One section describes Chi-hyŏn's sexual harassment by a former high-ranking prosecutor ten years before, an event that has dominated her mind and body despite her desperate endeavours to forget it. Another section expresses her resentment towards her husband and her deceased parents. When she tells her aloof husband about the incident, his reaction was to ask, "Can you really deal with the lawsuits?" For her attentive father, raising her was only about making her an attractive and good daughter. Her own mother had shown the exemplary virtue of silence despite humiliations and ungrounded accusations. Throughout her life, Chi-hyŏn's mother had remained obedient to her family elders even as they wrongly held her responsible for her father's loss while fleeing in the Korean War; they repeatedly call her "the bitch who devoured her own father." In yet another section, the prosecutors' sexist and misogynistic culture is most nakedly exposed by various episodes from everyday life, such as work and drinking parties, as well as promotions. Here Chi-hyŏn, in effect, faces a gag order in relation to her sexual harassment case; all the while, she is demoted...

Fifteen-Minute Moments: Black Women’s Short Plays as a Political Aesthetic of Crisis

AbstractThis article examines short plays as a political aesthetic of crisis using examples from Black Lives, Black Words (2015–2017) at the Bush Theatre, London, which respond to concerns arising from the #BlackLivesMatter movement about Black deaths in police custody. I focus on Black women playwrights’ portrayals of Black mothers’ anxieties about protecting their sons, and of Black mothers and sisters grieving the loss of sons, brothers, and fathers in incidents where excessive force is deployed by the police. I consider how Black Lives, Black Words connects to the radical aesthetics of the 1960 s Black Arts Movement by promoting the use of theatre for activist purposes. I argue that the politicising potential of the Black Lives, Black Words initiative is accentuated by the use of a short play format as a political Black aesthetics for responding to contemporary crises. By analysing pivotal moments in a sample of the fifteen-minute plays, I demonstrate how the content of the plays combines with their performance styles to maximise the potential for audience empathy despite their short playing times.

The Experience of Adolescents’ Post-Traumatic Growth after Sudden Loss of Father

The aim of this qualitative study was to explore the experience of post-traumatic growth among 14 Iranian adolescents who have experienced a sudden loss of their fathers. A phenomenological approach has been employed to collect and analyze the data. Two main themes and seven categories were extracted from the data. The first theme, The Initial Phase, deals with two categories: initial confusion, and reaction to grief. The second theme, Growth Over Time, deals with five categories: Taking time with a positive outlook, strengthening the bonds, academic competency, psychological well-being, and existential improvement. The consequences of a traumatic sudden loss among adolescents are not limited to negative results; they would feel sad and shocked, but they may also experience post-traumatic growth after a while. These findings contribute to the field by comprehensibly describing the phenomenon of post-traumatic growth among adolescents. Findings can provide new perspective for psychologists and Counselors especially school Counselors to facilitate post-traumatic growth among adolescent.

Grieving From the Womb: Meaning Construction in Response to Father Loss Before Birth

This qualitative study examined the meanings constructed by Israeli adults to their loss of a father before birth. Using the interpretative phenomenological analysis approach, three themes of meaning were derived from in-depth semistructured interviews conducted with 12 Israeli adults who lost their fathers before they were born: (a) mother’s grief—a transmission of loss and grief; (b) defect, shame, guilt, and anxiety—congenital anomaly; and (c) ambiguous loss—phantom limb pain caused by an organ they did not have to begin with. An integrative view of all three themes highlights the notion that meaning construction in response to loss is a process forged by social and cultural forces and the use participants make in metaphoric language regarding physical aspects when constructing meanings to their loss. Practical implications are outlined.

Fatherless in indonesia and its impact on children’s psychological development

<p>The power of the child's personality is the result of good parenting and handling by both of parents. If one is absent, there will be an imbalance to child psychological development. The fatherless concept itself can be interpreted as the absence of a father figure in the nurturing process. Then known the "fatherless", "father absence", "father loss" or "father hunger". The fatherless issue has become an international problem, including in Indonesia. Most cases in Western countries are the absence of fathers due to unmarried fathers and mothers, it’s different with Indonesia's problems, the fathers and mothers are married, but the execution of the parenting tasks is neglected or unfulfilled. Many children have a physical father but at the same time fatherless psychologically. It seems the traditional parenting pattern in Indonesia that the role of mother is taking care of the child at home and father is working to earn a living is still believed without further meaning. Father contributes importantly to the development of the child, the experience with father will affect a child to adulthood later. Father has influences in some special areas of child development, which teaches freedom, expands children's view, firm discipline, and role models of male. It is hypothesized that fatherless will give negative impact to psychological development of children. The literature reviews is used to support the hypothesized in this paper.</p>

The naming of orphans in France during World War One: A study of a nationwide cohort of pupilles de la Nation

ABSTRACTThe investigation of a simple behavior, child naming, can provide insights into the varying reactions of families confronted by the extraordinary war losses of the First World War. The current study analyses names given in a large cohort of French orphans born 1914–1916, constructed thanks to the linkage of civil registers with a nationwide database of soldiers who died during the War. It shows that a prenatal loss of father was associated with a strong increase in father's name transmission. The phenomenon was twice as intense in officers' offspring. Regression analysis suggests the precise timing of the father's death controlled this change in naming behavior: father's name transmission was at a maximum when the father died at the very beginning of pregnancy.