Loss Of Eyelashes Research Articles

Loss of eyelashes after use of a tinting mascara containing PPD

Contact DermatitisVolume 54, Issue 3 p. 169-170 Loss of eyelashes after use of a tinting mascara containing PPD Rachel Wachsmuth, Corresponding Author Rachel Wachsmuth Dermatology Department, General Infirmary, Leeds LS1 3EX, UKDr Rachel Wachsmuth Department of Dermatology Leeds General Infirmary Great George Street Leeds LS1 3EX UK e-mail: rachel.wachsmuth@leedsth.nhs.ukSearch for more papers by this authorMark Wilkinson, Mark Wilkinson Dermatology Department, General Infirmary, Leeds LS1 3EX, UKSearch for more papers by this author Rachel Wachsmuth, Corresponding Author Rachel Wachsmuth Dermatology Department, General Infirmary, Leeds LS1 3EX, UKDr Rachel Wachsmuth Department of Dermatology Leeds General Infirmary Great George Street Leeds LS1 3EX UK e-mail: rachel.wachsmuth@leedsth.nhs.ukSearch for more papers by this authorMark Wilkinson, Mark Wilkinson Dermatology Department, General Infirmary, Leeds LS1 3EX, UKSearch for more papers by this author First published: 07 March 2006 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0105-1873.2005.0739b.xCitations: 9Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume54, Issue3March 2006Pages 169-170 RelatedInformation

Keratitis Associated With Multiple Endocrine Deficiency

To report an 8-year-old girl with bilateral progressive visual loss and photophobia secondary to stem cell deficiency as a result of multiple endocrine deficiency. A case report and review of medical literature. The patient suffered from severe photophobia and decreased visual acuity since May 2000. Despite multiple outpatient visits, no definite cause was found, and conservative treatments failed. On slit-lamp examination severe meibomian gland dysfunction, loss of eyelashes, decreased tear meniscus, diffuse corneal vascularization, and delayed punctate fluorescein staining of corneal epithelium were detected. She had also episodes of hypotension, oral candidiasis, and seizures. Her systemic work up revealed multiple endocrine deficiency (Addison disease and hypoparathyroidism). Hormone replacement therapy with fludrocortisone and oral calcium accompanied by punctual occlusion led to significant clinical recovery. In a pediatric patient with diffuse corneal vascularization and no definite cause, systemic workup should be done to rule out multiple endocrine deficiencies. Treatment consists of hormone replacement therapy and management of the dry eye.

Ichthyosis follicularis with alopecia and photophobia (IFAP) syndrome

A 12-year-old boy born of a nonconsanguineous marriage presented with dry rough skin and photophobia since birth. His growth and developmental milestones were normal and there was no history of any neurological problem, hearing deficit or scarring around the hair follicles. Cutaneous examination revealed diffuse thinning of scalp hair with loss of eyebrows and eyelashes and a sandpapery texture of the skin all over the body, suggestive of ichthyosis follicularis with alopecia and photophobia syndrome.

Proton radiotherapy as an alternative to exenteration in the management of extended conjunctival melanoma

Diffuse and multifocal patterns of conjunctival melanoma may not be treatable with standard eye-sparing methods. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of proton beam radiation therapy as an alternative to exenteration. Twenty patients with extended conjunctival melanoma were treated by proton beam irradiation. Most cases were T3 tumours which were not accessible to brachytherapy due to their extension, localisation with fornical or caruncular involvement. Only 2 patients had a tumour limited to the bulbar conjunctiva. Both were recurrent tumours with multiple lesions. Sixteen cases were recurrences after various pre-treatments. The area of the conjunctiva which was suspected to have microscopic disease was treated by 31 Gy in 6 fractions. The "high risk" areas with a clinically detectable tumour (primary target volume) were treated by an additional boost using a smaller beam size and applying 2 fractions up to 45 Gy. An individually shaped compensator was brought into the beam to modify the range of the protons so that the eye was irradiated only at a depth of 2 mm. The mean follow-up time was 38.1+/-26.6 months (median 34 months). Recurrent disease occurred in 6 cases (30%); 2 of them outside the irradiated volume, 3 within the target volume treated by 31 Gy, and just one in the primary target volume treated by 45 Gy. An exenteration followed only in two patients (10%). 6 patients (30%) suffered from metastatic disease and 4 (20%) of them have died by now. During follow up we found no statistically significant association between the occurrence of local recurrence after proton radiotherapy and the development of metastases. Best corrected visual acuity remained stable in 12 cases (60%); in 14 patients the best corrected visual acuity was 0.25 or better. A sicca-syndrome developed in 19/20 patients. However, only 10/20 patients used artificial tears more than 5x/d. A focal cataract developed in 7 patients (35%). There was eyelash loss in the area of irradiated eyelids. In 4 cases a limbal stem cell deficiency occurred with the consequence of corneal vascularisation. Proton radiotherapy may serve as an alternative to exenteration in case of T3 and diffuse T1 or T2 conjunctival melanomas.

Madarosis from mitochondriopathy

Madarosis from mitochondriopathy

Oncological principles of surgery in the periorbital region

The aim of this study is to describe the most common malignant periorbital tumours and principles of their surgical treatment. The most common malignant tumours of the eyelids are: basocellular carcinoma, squamocellular carcinoma, sebaceous carcinoma and malignant melanoma. The primary treatment of periorbital tumours is surgery, other methods are cryotherapy or radiotherapy. Malignant tumours of the eyelids are fairly rare. Diagnosis in some of the cases is difficult, since the first signs of the tumours are small changes on the eyelid margin or eyelid skin. Focal loss of the eyelashes could be the first sign of a malignant tumour. General oncological principles are valid also in the surgery of periorbital region. Eyelids have special anatomical structure and their main role is protection of the eyeball. Therefore, early diagnosis and total tumour removal--regardless of the anatomical borders--as well as immediate reconstruction are important in the treatment of eyelid tumours.

A Technique for Reconstruction of Eyebrows and Eyelashes

Eyebrow and eyelash reconstruction surgery has expanded the options for hair restoration surgeons to assist patients seeking to recover self-esteem by enhancing their appearance. This type of surgery can be performed efficiently and effectively in a properly equipped clinic. This article, in addition to detailing eyebrow and eyelash reconstruction using hair follicular unit transplantation, addresses the etiology of eyebrow and eyelash loss, offers suggestions on evaluating prospective patients, and explains preoperative and postoperative procedures. The author demonstrates how undesirable eyebrow and eyelash conditions can be altered to recuperate their natural design using a technique that has a more natural appearance than scalp hair strips, is easier to perform than temporal artery island flaps, and the results of which are more discreet than punch hair transplantation.

Ocular leishmaniasis: A case report

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a protozoal disease which is endemic in Iran usually caused by Leishmaniasis major and Leishmaniasis tropica and transmitted by the bite of a sandfly. In Isfahan province CL is highly prevalent and we observe some unusual clinical features of disease. The eyelid is rarely involved possibly because the movement of the lids prevents the fly vector from biting the skin in this region. We report a case of ocular leishmaniasis with eyelid and conjunctival involvement that had simulated chalazion and was complicated with trichiasis. The patient was diagnosed by direct smear, culture, and PCR from the lesions. He was treated with systemic sodium stibogluconate (20 mg/kg/day) for 20 days and subsequently surgery for trichiasis. The patient was clinically cured with this treatment, however the disease had left complications, including palpebral and conjanctival scaring, corneal opacity, and eyelash loss.

Effectiveness of fractionated stereotactic radiation therapy for uveal melanoma

Uveal melanoma has traditionally been treated by enucleation. Since 1970, various eye sparing treatment modalities has been developed with as aim an optimal sparing of visual function. Brachytherapy appears to be a good alternative for enucleation in the treatment of small uveal melanoma, according to recent comparative studies. For medium sized tumors, proton beam and helium ion radiation techniques are widely used. Radiosurgery for uveal melanomas has been introduced in 1987 with excellent results of local control. The most important disadvantage of single fraction high dose radiosurgery is an enhanced complication probability, which causes the loss of radiobiological sparing if critical structures are adjacent to the tumor. Fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy reduces the effective dose in the surrounding tissues with a delivery of an equivalent effective dose to the tumor. This study analyses the effectiveness and side effects of fractionated Stereotactic Radiation Therapy (f.SRT) for uveal melanoma in a prospective, nonrandomized, self-controlled clinical trial. Between 1999 and 2003, 38 uveal melanoma patients (21 male, 17 female) with mean tumor thickness of 6.4 mm were included in the study. Informed consent was obtained from all patients. The mean follow-up was twenty-five months, with a minimal follow-up of 10 months. No patients were lost to follow-up. A total dose of 50 Gy, prescribed to the 80% isodose line, was given in 5 daily fractions of 10 Gy by LINAC-based SRT. A blinking light in front of the unaffected eye and a camera to monitor the position of the diseased eye are fixed to a non-invasive relocatable stereotactic frame. The main primary outcome measures were local tumor control and visual acuity at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months respectively and acute toxicity (peri- and intraocular side-effects). After three months (38 patients) the local control was 100%, after 12 months (32 patients) one patient was treated by transpupillar thermotherapy because the tumor size did not decrease and after 24 months (15 patients) no recurrences were seen. The visual acuity gradually declines from a mean of 0.21 at diagnosis to a mean of 0.06 two years after therapy. The acute side effects after three months were: conjunctival symptoms (10), loss of eye lashes (6), visual symptoms (5), fatigue (5), dry eye (1), cataract (1), and pain (4). One eye was enucleated 2 months post f.SRT. Preliminary results demonstrate that fractionated SRT is an effective and safe treatment modality for uveal melanoma with excellent local control and mild acute side effects. The follow-up period is too short to discuss meaningfully the risk for long term side effects

Recurrent Solitary Reticulohistiocytoma of the Eyelid

A healthy 13-year-old female presented with a 5-month history of an enlarging red-brown, firm lower eyelid mass associated with loss of eyelashes. An excisional biopsy revealed a well-circumscribed nodule composed of coalescing nests of epithelioid cells, rare multinucleated cells, and vacuolated macrophages and spindle cells. Additional studies revealed a positive vimentin and alpha(1)-antitrypsin, and negative S100 protein and Factor XIIIa immunophenotype. This constellation of clinicopathologic features is diagnostic of solitary reticulohistiocytoma, but also shows overlap with xanthogranuloma, a common childhood histiocytosis. Reticulohistiocytoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of eyelid tumors and has the potential for local recurrence. Diffuse cutaneous reticulohistiocytosis or multicentric reticulohistiocytosis should be considered if similar cutaneous lesions with or without symptoms of arthritis are present, respectively.

Plaque radiation therapy for malignant melanoma of the iris and ciliary body

PURPOSE: To report on plaque radiation therapy for malignant melanomas involving the iris and ciliary body. METHODS: Twenty-two eyes (22 patients) with anterior uveal melanomas were treated with 103Pd ophthalmic plaque radiation therapy. Transillumination and ultrasonography were used to evaluate ciliary body involvement and posterior iris extension. Plaques were placed onto the cornea to treat the anterior tumor margins. The targeted-zone included the tumor and a 2 to 3 mm tumor-free margin. After plaque removal, patients were examined at 1 day, 7 days, 4 weeks, and then every 3 to 6 months thereafter. Systemic evaluations for possible metastatic disease were performed every 6 months. RESULTS: After plaque radiation therapy, the melanomas decreased in thickness (mean 47%) in all 22 eyes, and no secondary enucleation was performed. One patient died of metastatic melanoma 5 years after radiation therapy. Despite anterior plaque placement that covered portions of the cornea, no epiphora, eyelash loss, or visually significant corneal opacities were noted. Whereas 15 of 21 phakic eyes (71%) developed secondary cataract, no eyes developed ischemic or neovascular radiation maculopathy. Four eyes were noted to have glaucoma before treatment, and two developed it after irradiation. Twenty of 22 eyes (91%) were within 2 lines of their pretreatment visual acuity. After radiation, the mean ± SD follow-up was 56 ± 34.4 months (range, 9 to 117 months). CONCLUSIONS: Plaque radiotherapy of melanomas involving the iris and ciliary body resulted in excellent local control with preservation of vision. Although there was high incidence of secondary cataracts, 103Pd plaque radiation therapy resulted in no visually significant corneal opacity or radiation retinopathy.

Malignant melanoma of the eyelid and palpebral conjunctiva treated with iodine-125 brachytherapy

Objective To evaluate the results on malignant melanomas of the eyelid and palpebral conjunctiva treated with iodine-125 ( 125I) brachytherapy with shielding of the eye. Design Noncomparative case series. Participants Fourteen patients treated with 125I brachytherapy at an ocular oncology referral center from 1974 through 1996, all of whom had had previous debulking, incomplete resection, or recurrence after surgery. Intervention A stainless steel pericorneal ring eyeshield was attached to the extraocular muscles, over which a lid was fitted to protect the cornea without touching it. Iodine-125 seeds in polythene tubes were inserted into the eyelid and attached to the lid margin for a single plane implant. In five cases additional seeds were glued on to the shield as well for a volume implant. A median dose of 37 Gy (range, 17.3–67.6 Gy) was given over the course of 113 hours (range, 47–190 hours) to the outer surface of target volume. Main outcome measures Local control is regarded as freedom from recurrence in those without measurable disease and complete clinical regression in those with measurable disease. Morbidity is assessed in terms of function and cosmesis. Survival is given from the time of the implant. Results There was local control in 13 patients maintained from 11 to 227 months (median, 39 months). There were two recurrences at 8 and 13 months in the first patient who received 17.3 Gy. Late complications consisted of mild eyelid telangiectasia, mild eyelid atrophy, and loss of eyelashes in most patients. Five patients, four of whom had upper eyelid tumors, experienced a dry eye, which was managed with tear supplements, and one of these patients developed a cataract. A corneal ulcer developed in one eye, which later perforated after treatment of a subsequent bulbar melanoma and was exenterated. Another eye was enucleated after treatment for a subsequent melanoma in the fornix. Cosmesis was acceptable to patient and doctor in the other 12 patients. Vision was maintained in seven patients, reduced in two, and not recorded in the remaining three patients. Three patients died of hematogenous metastases at 44, 62, and 79 months after implant, one of bronchial carcinoma at 46 months and one of an astrocytoma at 39 months. All patients were clear of local disease. The remainder survived for a median of 45 months (range, 18–227 months). Conclusions Iodine-125 brachytherapy can be used as an alternative to wide excision or exenteration of these tumors. There was good local control, reasonable maintenance of vision, and good cosmesis.

Local tumor control and morbidity after one to three fractions of stereotactic external beam irradiation for uveal melanoma

Background and purpose: To evaluate prospectively local tumor control and morbidity after 1–3 fractions of stereotactic external beam irradiation (SEBI) in patients with uveal melanoma, unsuitable for ruthenium-106 brachytherapy or local resection.Material and methods: This phase I/II study includes 62 selected patients with uveal melanoma. The mean initial tumor height was 7.8±2.8 mm. With the Leskell gamma knife SEBI, 41 patients (66%) were irradiated with two equal fractions of 35, 30 or 25 Gy/fraction, 14 patients (22%) were treated with three fractions of 15 Gy each, and seven patients (11%) with small tumor volumes below 400 mm3 were treated with one fraction of 45 Gy. The mean total dose was 54±8 Gy. The minimal follow-up period was 12 months, and the median follow-up was 28.3 months. Data on radiation-induced side-effects were analyzed with the Cox proportional hazards model for possible risk factors.Results: Local tumor control was achieved in 98% and tumor height reduction in 97%. The mean relative tumor volume reductions were 44, 60 and 72% after 12, 24 and 36 months, respectively. Seven patients developed metastases (11%). Secondary enucleation was performed in eight eyes (13%). Morbidity was significant in tumors exceeding 8 mm in initial height; it was comparable and acceptable in those smaller. In the stepwise multiple Cox model, tumor localization, height and volume, planning target volume (PTV), total dose and patient age were identified as the strongest risk factors for radiation-induced lens opacities, secondary glaucoma, uveitis, eyelash loss and exudative retinal detachment. In this model, the high-dose volume irradiated with more than 10 Gy/fraction was the strongest risk factor for radiation-induced uveitis.Conclusions: Stereotactic external photon beam irradiation and a total dose of 45–70 Gy delivered in one to three fractions are highly effective at achieving local tumor control in uveal melanoma. Further clinical studies using smaller fraction doses, and consequent smaller high-dose volumes, are justified to optimize dose and fractionation. Fractionated stereotactic irradiation has a challenging potential as an eye-preserving treatment in uveal melanoma.

Multiple follicular hamartomas with sweat gland and sebaceous differentiation, vermiculate atrophoderma, milia, hypotrichosis, and late development of multiple basal cell carcinomas

We describe a 46-year-old woman with multiple symmetrical papulocystic lesions on the face, neck, chest, back, and upper arms since childhood. Vermiculate atrophoderma, entropion, and progressive loss of eyelashes was also noted. Since the age of 30, 12 basal cell carcinomas have developed on the face. Histopathologic examination revealed multiple anastomosing nests and strands that arose from the lower part of a hair follicle in early lesions. In more advanced lesions, multiple keratinizing microcysts within a moderately sclerotic stroma were noted in the upper and mid dermis. In some biopsy specimens, focal areas showing sweat gland (ductal) and sebaceous differentiation were also observed. Basal cell carcinomas developed from the basaloid component of the hamartomatous proliferation. (J Am Acad Dermatol 1998;39:853-7.)

Monopolar Electrosurgical Flash Fire

A 78-year-old man underwent ectropion repair with a monopolar electrosurgical unit. A flash fire occurred, resulting in a loss of eyelashes of the left upper and lower eyelids. A retrospective analysis of the case was conducted, including a review of the relevant literature. Although rare, the possibility of a flash fire should be considered when performing surgery with an electrosurgical unit. Minimizing supplemental oxygen and electrosurgical power settings may help to avoid such an incident.

Proton Irradiation of Malignant Uveal Melanoma

Twenty patients with malignant uveal melanoma were treated at the The Svedbergh cyclotron in Uppsala from 1989 to 1991. Each tumour received a total dose of 54.6 Gy in four equal fractions on four following days. After treatment the melanoma in all eyes showed decrease in size combined with irradiation retinopathy. In eight patients the treatment was successful after five years. Nine eyes had to be enucleated, two due to recurrence and seven due to neovascular glaucoma. Three patients died, two from metastases and one from heart disease. In all patients the visual acuity was dependent on the distance between the irradiation field and the macula or optic nerve. Each patient suffered from transient post irradiation skin erythema and permanent loss of eyelashes and eyebrows when these were included in the irradiation field. The development of secondary glaucoma was positively correlated with tumour volume, but not to the age or sex of the patients. Histological examination of all the enucleated eyes revealed residual viable tumour without obvious radiation damage: mitotic figures were not identified. MRI examination, performed before and after treatment, demonstrated a marked shift in water binding properties after irradiation. The final visual acuity was dependent on the location of the tumour.

Sífilis em doente com infecção pelo V.I.H.

We report the case of a 28-year-old female prostitute, intravenous drug user, seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus and with unusual manifestations of lues infection. The presence of plantar keratoderma, alopecia of the scalp, total loss of hair eyebrows and eyelashes with bilateral chorioretinitis is emphasised. Non-treponemal and treponemal tests for syphilis showed reactivity, but with abnormal serologic expression. The possible relationship between H.I.V. infection and the natural course of syphilis is discussed.

Eyelid Splitting With Excision or Microhyfrecation for Distichiasis

Distichiasis is a rare congenital or acquired condition in which an accessory row of eyelashes arises from the posterior lamella of the eyelid margin. Previously described surgical techniques to treat distichiasis can result in complications including trichiasis, loss of normal eyelashes, cicatricial entropion, and eyelid margin deformities. We describe a new technique in which the eyelid margin is split to expose the distichiasis eyelash follicles. Each aberrant eyelash follicle is individually excised or microhyfrecated and then removed. Seventeen eyelids in 5 patients with congenital or acquired distichiasis have been treated. We have achieved excellent functional and cosmetic results using this new technique.

Adverse ocular effects associated with niacin therapy.

In a retrospective survey of patients taking medication for hyperlipidaemia, those taking niacin (nicotinic acid) were more likely (p < 0.05) to report sicca syndromes, blurred vision, eyelid oedema, and macular oedema compared with those who never took niacin. Additionally, 7% of those taking niacin discontinued the drug owing to adverse ocular side effects, while none of the other lipid lowering agents were found to cause these side effects (p = 0.016). Data from spontaneous reporting systems support a possible association of decreased vision, cystoid macular oedema, sicca-like symptoms, discoloration of the eyelids with or without periorbital or eyelid oedema, proptosis, loss of eyebrow or eyelashes, and superficial punctate keratitis with the use of niacin in high doses. Decreased vision may be marked, and if the drug is not discontinued, may progress to cystoid macular oedema. All ocular side effects listed above are reversible if the association with niacin is recognised and the drug is discontinued; both the incidence and severity of the ocular side effects seem to be dose dependent.

What the Eyes Can't See: Diagnosis and Treatment of Somatic Obsessions and Delusions

CASE REPORT Mr. B., a 39-year-old, recently separated, white man, arrived at a psychiatric crisis service in an anxious state, seeking assistance in obtaining medical care for what he described as persistent blepharitis. He complained that his eyeballs felt “too tight in the sockets” and described a 4-month history of progressive eyelid “thickening,” eyelash loss, and conjunctivitis, for which he had been unable to obtain satisfactory treatment despite visits to five different ophthalmologists and numerous emergency rooms and urgent care centers. He reported that he had been unable to follow treatment recommendations for fear that he would make matters worse. His pockets were packed with unfilled prescriptions for antibiotics and antiinflammatory eyedrops, and he claimed to have had immediate allergic reactions or side effects that exacerbated his problems on the rare occasions when he did use the medications. He vividly described standing in front of mirrors for hours, examining his eyes, pondering whether or not to administer an eyedrop, finally doing so, and then spending hours washing it out. Mr. B. would not shower so that things would not wash into his eyes. He was unable to sleep, fearing that if he