Loss Monitoring Research Articles

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Groundwater vulnerability based on bee colony optimization and real-time monitoring of exercise weight loss effect

In fact, the groundwater pollution caused by the acceleration of industrialization and rapid population growth is an important constraint to sustainable development. Taking L area as an example, this paper finds out the differences of groundwater vulnerability in this area and plans the groundwater vulnerability classification. For China’s groundwater protection work, it is very important for the management departments at all levels in each L area to provide development technology support for enterprises. Based on the concept of groundwater quality vulnerability and groundwater vulnerability assessment method in Japan, according to the actual situation of the study area, this paper analyzes the vulnerability of natural geography, meteorology and hydrology, geological conditions, and human activities in the area. This paper establishes an optimized and improved DRASTIC model and adds the evaluation factors affecting human activities into the evaluation conditions of traditional DRASTIC model, that is, the current land use status and groundwater exploitation. By combining bee colony optimization with groundwater vulnerability assessment model, groundwater vulnerability assessment is carried out. This paper also uses the special computer system to simulate the decision-making process of medical staff, provides obesity intelligence diagnosis and personalized prescription exercise, carries out exercise weight loss monitoring for obese teenagers, helps teenagers to achieve healthy exercise and diet, and provides scientific guidance for fitness guidance of Chinese diet youth. The system adopts the methods of artificial intelligence and software development, diagnoses obesity through youth physique test, provides personalized exercise prescription through special system, monitors diet work in real time, and provides timely feedback. In this paper, the vulnerability of groundwater quality and exercise weight loss effect of real-time monitoring are studied and applied to bee colony optimization to promote its development.

A novel, re-usable 'Safe birth Tray' for postpartum blood loss monitoring: A preliminary acceptability assessment.

As previously reported in the International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, prompt detection of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) may reduce mortality and measurement of blood loss with an under-buttocks drape is more accurate than visual estimation [1]. The limitations of drapes include the fact that blood pooling around the mother is not immediately measurable and the recurring cost of disposables may be a barrier to use for low-income countries. A reusable orthopedic 'slipper' bedpan (Fig. 1) has been successfully used for blood loss measurement in PPH trials[2]; however, this does not permit real-time monitoring of blood loss.

Application of IWA standard water balance in strategic water loss analysis: Benefits and problems

Water losses occurring in distribution systems have effect on the operating cost, water and energy efficiency, service quality, customer satisfaction, maintenance and new resource demand. The standard water balance recommended by International Water Association (IWA) were used for defining, analyzing, regularly monitoring the water balance and sub-components, and determining the weakness and strengths of system. Water Utilities in Turkey are required to fill the water balance annually in order to analyze and monitor the performance with the regulation published in year 2014. However, in the use of this table, important problems are experienced due to the lack of technical, technological, personnel and economic conditions, data representing the field are not used and in many cases the real performance of the system is not revealed. In this study, the importance of IWA water balance in water loss management and monitoring system performance is emphasized, and the benefits and advantages are detailed by analyzing the pilot regions. In addition, problems encountered during filling the water balance, mistakes made, incomplete or incorrectly filled data and other problems were discussed. It is thought that this study will constitute a reference for the technical personnel in Utilities for measuring the data, analyzing the components and interpreting the results.

Inhibition of mild steel corrosion in HCl using aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Crotalaria Pallida – A combination of experimental, simulation and theoretical studies

The viability of using the leaves of Crotalaria Pallida, a well-known medicinal plant, as an efficient corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in HCl media has been studied and the results are summarized in this paper. Methods including weight loss monitoring, electrochemical impedance analysis, polarisation techniques, have been used and the mechanism of action was further investigated using Biovia material studio software. The theoretical background of the inhibitor and the probable methods of interaction were carried out using Gaussian 09 packages. Ethanol extract are rich in fatty acids which are absent in the water extracts; makes them more anticorrosive. The presence of fatty acids was confirmed using spectral analysis. Linolenic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acids are the major fatty acids in the alcohol extract. The 4 (V/V %) alcohol extract has 95% efficiency while the same volume percentage of water extract has only 87% efficiency. The efficiency decreases with an increase in acid concentration and temperature, suggesting the physisorption of plant constituents on the metal surface. The AFM and XPS results support the protection of mild steel by the adsorption of constituent phytochemicals in the leaves extract. Adsorption of these phytochemicals follows Langmuir unimolecular model. The polarisation technique confirms the mixed type behaviour of the active species of the extract. Inhibition efficiency is more for linoleic acid than the others which are confirmed by both DFT and material studio calculations.

Characterization of the beam scraping system of the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron

The Super Proton Synchrotron at CERN is equipped with a scraping system for halo cleaning at beam transfer to the Large Hadron Collider. The system is composed of movable graphite blades mechanically swept through the beam to remove tails immediately before beam transfer. Due to the mechanical movement, beam particles are intercepted by a small volume of material with consequent concentration of energy deposition and high thermal loads. The blades were tested with beam to verify their resistance to the most extreme scraping conditions. Even though the beam was prematurely dumped by the beam loss monitoring system, the microstructural analysis of the blades following the test found signs of material sublimation. The test setup was reproduced in simulation to reconstruct the levels of energy deposition actually reached in the blades during the test; values are compatible with local material sublimation, in agreement with the microstructural analysis. Simulations were carried out by coupling the sixtrack tracking code, used for single particle beam dynamics in circular accelerators for high energy physics, to the fluka Monte Carlo code, for particle-matter interactions. The time evolution of the beam intensity measured during scraping and the distribution of losses around the ring were used for an extensive benchmark of the simulation tool against measurements taken during the test. This work presents the endurance test together with simulation results and the benchmark of the simulation tool. The quantitative agreement between simulations and measurements proves the quality of the analyses and the maturity of the simulation tool, which can be reliably used to predict the performance of cleaning systems in circular accelerators.

Submarine cable monitoring system based on enhanced COTDR with simultaneous loss measurement and vibration monitoring ability.

A submarine cable monitoring system based on enhanced coherent optical time-domain reflectometry (E-COTDR) is realized. An improved optimal peak-seeking (OPS) based I/Q demodulation method is employed for simultaneous loss measurement and vibration monitoring. A single-end diagnosis range over 74km is achieved for the proposed E-COTDR, enabling the double-end cooperative system to have a single-span of 148km. For the multi-span cascaded cables over 1000km, the loss and vibration monitoring without fading zone is carried out for a single-span of 121km. The proposed system provides a reliable technical option for the next generation underwater cable monitoring applications.

Impact of Water Temperature Changes on Water Loss Monitoring in Large District Heating Systems

This paper explores how water temperature changes in a district heating system (DHS) impact the monitoring of water losses. Water volume in DHS is constantly monitored, recorded, and replenished. The leakage and failure status of the DHS is often monitored through measuring the make-up water flow rate. In this paper, we present the methodology and a simplified model of the dynamics of the heating system operation, which was used to determine the profile of changes in the average temperature and density of water in the system. The mathematical model of the district heating network (DHN) was verified by comparing the results of simulation calculations, i.e., calculated values of the temperature of water returning to the heat source, with the measured values. Fluctuations in water temperature cause changes in the density and volume of water in the DHN, which affect the amount of water supplementing the system. This is particularly noticeable in a DHN with a large water volume. The study reports an analysis of measurement results of operating parameters of a major DHS in Poland (city of Szczecin). Hourly measurements were made of supply and return water temperature, water flow rate, and pressure throughout the whole of 2019. The water volume of the analyzed DHN is almost 42,000 m3 and the changes in water volume per hour are as high as 5 m3/h, representing 20–30% of the value of the make-up water flow rate. The analysis showed that systems for monitoring the tightness of the DHS and detecting failures, on the basis of measurements of the make-up water flow rate, should take into account the dynamics of water volume changes in the DHN.

Extension of Diagnostic Fragmentation Filtering for Automated Discovery in DNA Adductomics.

Development of high-resolution/accurate mass liquid chromatography-coupled tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methodology enables the characterization of covalently modified DNA induced by interaction with genotoxic agents in complex biological samples. Constant neutral loss monitoring of 2'-deoxyribose or the nucleobases using data-dependent acquisition represents a powerful approach for the unbiased detection of DNA modifications (adducts). The lack of available bioinformatics tools necessitates manual processing of acquired spectral data and hampers high throughput application of these techniques. To address this limitation, we present an automated workflow for the detection and curation of putative DNA adducts by using diagnostic fragmentation filtering of LC-MS/MS experiments within the open-source software MZmine. The workflow utilizes a new feature detection algorithm, DFBuilder, which employs diagnostic fragmentation filtering using a user-defined list of fragmentation patterns to reproducibly generate feature lists for precursor ions of interest. The DFBuilder feature detection approach readily fits into a complete small-molecule discovery workflow and drastically reduces the processing time associated with analyzing DNA adductomics results. We validate our workflow using a mixture of authentic DNA adduct standards and demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by reproducing and expanding the results of a previously published study of colibactin-induced DNA adducts. The reported workflow serves as a technique to assess the diagnostic potential of novel fragmentation pattern combinations for the unbiased detection of chemical classes of interest.

Experimental studies and Monte Carlo simulations for beam loss monitors

Beam loss detection is essential for the machine protection and the fine-tuning of the accelerator to reduce the induced radioactivity. Monte Carlo simulations are also vital for the choice of beam loss monitor (BLM) type, for predicting and understanding the BLM response to beam losses. At the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS), the cylindrical ionization chamber (IC) filled with $\mathrm{Ar}/{\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ gas mixture is the main type of the BLM to detect the beam losses. This paper presents the detailed beam loss experiments and fluka simulations for the CSNS BLM system. It includes the response functions of the BLM detectors by taking into account the contributions of different secondary particles to the energy deposition in the sensitive volume of the BLM. Dedicated experiments were compared with fluka simulations. It was found that in the low energy section of the linac the usual ion chamber based BLMs are not sensitive enough. A BLM based on ${\mathrm{BF}}_{3}$ enclosed by a high-density polyethylene (PE) moderator is effective to detect the beam losses through detecting thermal neutrons. Its signal is about 3 orders of magnitude higher than that of $\mathrm{Ar}/{\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ BLM for a beam energy of 15 MeV. The simulations provide the results of the intrinsic delay time for the ${\mathrm{BF}}_{3}$ monitor and the thickness optimization for PE to reduce the delay. Finally, the simulated spatial resolution of loss location by detection of neutrons is also evaluated for a beam energy of 15 MeV, which presents a resolution of $\ensuremath{\sim}2\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{m}$ in our experimental configuration.

SRv6-PM: A Cloud-Native Architecture for Performance Monitoring of SRv6 Networks

Segment Routing over IPv6 (SRv6 in short) is a networking architecture suitable for both IP backbones and datacenters. The research, standardization and implementation of this architecture are actively progressing and SRv6 is already adopted in a number of large scale deployments. Effective solutions for Performance Monitoring (PM) of SRv6 networks are strongly needed and there is a lot of activity in this area. A full blown Performance Monitoring solution needs to include: i) Data Plane (as needed to measure metrics such as packet loss and delay); ii) Control Plane (to send commands to the monitoring entities in the nodes); iii) Management Plane (e.g., to collect the measured metrics). Moreover, Big-Data tools and solutions can be applied inside or above the traditional Management Plane boundaries to store and analyze the collected data. In this article we describe SRv6-PM, a solution for Performance Monitoring of SRv6 networks that deals with all the aspects discussed above. SRv6-PM features a cloud-native architecture that supports: i) the ingestion, processing, storage and visualization of PM data using Big-Data tools; ii) the SDN-based control of network routers to drive the performance monitoring operations. In particular, we focus on Loss Monitoring and consider a solution capable of tracking single packet loss events operating in near-real time (e.g., with a time granularity in the order of 10-20 seconds). SRv6-PM is released as open source. We offer a re-usable and extensible platform that can be automatically deployed in different environments, from a single host to multiple servers on private/public clouds and includes a set of Big-Data tools and the SDN control plane. We also provide a reproducible Data Plane environment for PM experiments in SRv6 networks based on the Mininet emulator.

Weight loss monitoring reduces the occurrence of neonatal hypernatremic dehydration in breastfeeding neonates.

BackgroundExcessive weight loss enhances the incidence of neonatal hypernatremic dehydration (NHD). We compared the effect of a new breastfeeding policy against an old breastfeeding policy on neonatal weight change and the incidence of NHD.MethodsThis was a QA project between two sets of breastfeeding (BF) protocols for exclusively BF newborns. Under our old BF policy, a number of neonates had a significant loss of weight after birth and were admitted to the NICU due to NHD. We implemented a new BF policy that was used when a newborn loses>5% of previously recorded weight within a 24-h interval. Two groups were compared: the preintervention group (old BF policy) and postintervention group (new BF policy). Additionally, characteristics of newborns admitted to NICU were separately compared with the subgroup of pre- and post intervention dehydration groups.ResultsPreintervention = 1320 and postintervention = 1450. Neonates with weight loss of ≥ 5% within the first 24-h time interval were higher in the postintervention group (19.7%) as compared to the preintervention group (10.2%) (P < .05). However, the number of infants diagnosed to have NHD was lower in the postintervention group (0.68%) than in the preintervention group (1.66%), (P < .03). Neonatal characteristics were comparable between subgroups of dehydration.ConclusionAn intervention at ≥ 5% neonatal weight loss markedly reduces the incidence of NHD-associated NICU admissions.

Development of a monitoring system for grain loss of paddy rice based on a decision tree algorithm

China has the world’s largest planting area of paddy rice, but large quantities of paddy rice fall to the ground and are lost during harvesting with a combine harvester. Reducing grain loss is an effective way to increase production and revenue. In this study, a monitoring system was developed to monitor the grain loss of the paddy rice and this approach was tested on the test bench for verifying the precision. The development of the monitoring system for grain loss included two stages: the first stage was to collect impact signals using a piezoelectric film, extract the four features of Root Mean Square, Peak number, Frequency and Amplitude (fundamental component), and identify the kernel impact signals using the J48 (C4.5) Decision Tree algorithm. In the second stage, the precision of the monitoring system was tested for the paddy rice at three different moisture contents (10.4%, 19.6%, and 30.4%) and five different grain/impurity ratios (1/0.5, 1/1, 1/1.5, 1/2, and 1/2.5). According to the results, the highest monitoring accuracy was 99.3% (moisture content 30.8% and grain/impurity ratio 1/2.5), the average accuracy of the monitoring tests was 92.6%, and monitoring of grain/impurity ratios between 1/1 and 1/1.5 (>95.4%) had higher accuracy than monitoring the other grain/impurity ratios. Monitoring accuracy decreased as impurities increased. The lowest accuracy for grain loss monitoring was obtained when the grain/impurity ratio was 1/2.5, with monitoring accuracies of 88.2%, 75.7% and 78.8% at moisture contents of 10.4%, 19.6% and 30.4%. Keywords: monitoring system, combine harvester, paddy rice, grain loss, sensor, data mining, decision tree, development DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20211401.5731 Citation: Lian Y, Chen J, Guan Z H, Song J. Development of a monitoring system for grain loss of paddy rice based on a decision tree algorithm. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2021; 14(1): 224–229.

Beam loss monitoring with unfolding techniques

Since the first particle accelerator’s construction in 1931, an exponential spread of these machines occurred worldwide, in different kinds of applications. Nowadays, these are mainly used for industrial (60%) and medical (35%) purposes and for scientific research (5%). High energy secondary mixed fields produced by the particle beams interaction with matter imply a complex environmental dosimetry and special radiation protection regulations able to guarantee workers and population safety. In the medical field, this aspect is particularly emphasized in hadrontherapy centres, where high energy charged particles such as protons and carbon ions modify environmental doses, with a significant increase in the neutron contribution. This work proposes a technique to identify points of losses of the primary particle beam around an acceleration ring and has been developed within the radiation protection section at the National Centre for Oncological Hadrontherapy situated in Pavia. In the first part, the radiation field produced by protons and carbon ions interactions with structural materials at different energies was investigated. The main instrument of analysis is the Monte Carlo code for particle transport FLUKA, supported by experimental measurements in the treatment room carried out with the rem counter LUPIN, designed for pulsed neutron fields dosimetry. This first step allowed an analysis of both the angular and energetic instrumental response and a comparison of experimental results with simulations. The second part proposes a description of the technique for beam loss positions reconstruction around the acceleration ring at CNAO based on the application of unfolding codes.

Femoral Artery Thrombosis After Pediatric Cardiac Catheterization.

Femoral artery thrombosis (FAT) is an adverse event post-catheterization. We decided to study the incidence and risk factors of FAT before and after initiation of a pulse loss monitoring program. All cardiac catheterization cases performed using femoral arterial vascular access were retrospectively reviewed. The study period was divided into two eras: before (era 1), and after the initiation of the protocol (era 2). The primary outcome was FAT requiring therapy. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with FAT. Receiver operating characteristic curve were generated to predict FAT. Our cohort consisted of 2,388 cases including 467 (19.6%) infants weighing < 10kg. The overall incidence of FAT was 1.7% (n = 41). The incidence of FAT was 3.5 times higher in era 2 (p < 0.001). Multivariable model showed that era, weight, sheath exchange, and coarctation intervention were significantly associated with FAT. Infants younger than 7.7months and less than 6.7kg were found to be at highest risk for FAT. Our study shows that the incidence of FAT may be underestimated without a monitoring program. Small infants and coarctation interventions requiring larger sheaths or sheath exchanges are at highest risk for FAT.

Private network optimization

The main challenging task in laying a network is not to define its topology but to calculate its cost-benefit analysis, which is a research-oriented work. In any network, be it intra or internetwork, the main focus is always on optimizing cost and bandwidth. PSWAN is a medium-sized network at the Directorate of information technology India; this networking project provides internet services to many governmental and private offices. Optimization was required as the number of devices connected to this network was more. Two parameters that were optimized are 1. Bandwidth, and 2. Cost. Cost optimization was achieved by shifting some small networks like school or medium-size office to broadband. While bandwidth optimization was achieved by global load balancing, minimize latency, packet loss monitoring and bandwidth management. During optimization, no hardware change was done; Opnet software was used to calculate the results. The proposed optimized network architecture shows promising results as compared to the existing one.

Low-cost optical sensor for real-time blood loss monitoring during transurethral surgery

In this study, a cost-effective optical sensor was developed to quantify a blood loss during transurethral surgery. The device is based on the principles of optical spectroscopy and consists of an ultraviolet light emitting diode (LED) with an emission maximum of 405 nm as a light source, and a simple photoresistor for detecting the transmitted light. Arduino UNO board provides continuous voltage measurements of the photodiode, and sends these values to a computer for processing. This optical sensor was installed into the drain tube connected to the resectoscope where saline with a possible presence of blood was channeled during a transurethral resection. To calculate the blood loss, the sensor signal intensity over time was plotted to generate an "area under the curve" measurement. The performance of the device was evaluated in the laboratory by assaying different concentrations of human blood mixed with a saline solution. Measurements were made using both static and flowing samples. Linear regression models for both modes have a high correlation coefficient between the area under the curve and the blood content (R2 = 0.99 and 0.93, for static and dynamic measurements, respectively). The optical sensor received practical testing during a transurethral resection of a bladder tumor. The results indicate that the developed optical sensor can be successfully applied in medical practice.

Performance Monitoring with [formula omitted]: Hybrid Kernel/eBPF data plane for SRv6 based Hybrid SDN

Segment Routing with IPv6 (SRv6) is a leading Hybrid SDN (HSDN) architecture, as it fully exploits standard IP routing and forwarding both in the control plane and in the data plane. In this paper we design, implement and evaluate a programmable data plane solution for Linux routers called HIKE (HybrId Kernel/eBPF forwarding), integrated in an HSDN/SRv6 architecture. HIKE integrates the conventional Linux kernel packet forwarding with custom designed eBPF/XDP (extended Berkeley Packet Filter/eXtreme Data Path) bypass to speed up performance of SRv6 software routers. Thus, in addition to the hybrid IP/SDN forwarding, we foster an additional hybrid approach inside a Linux forwarding engine combining eBPF/XDP and kernel based forwarding, taking the best from both worlds. Therefore, considering the two different conceptual levels of hybridization, we call our overall solution Hybrid squared or Hˆ2.We have applied the Hˆ2 solution to Performance Monitoring (PM) in Hybrid SDNs, and we show how our HIKE data plane architecture supports SRv6 networking and Performance Monitoring (in particular Loss Monitoring) allowing a significant increase in performance: our implementation results show a remarkable throughput improvement (5x) with respect to a conventional Linux based solution.

Irrigation remote control system based on LoRa intelligence

In order to realize automatic remote monitoring and intelligent management of intelligent irrigation system, aiming at the existing problems of water-saving irrigation system, an intelligent irrigation system based on wireless remote control was designed by using LoRa wireless communication technology to realize low power consumption and low loss monitoring technology. This paper introduces the way and system architecture of ad hoc network in detail, and the establishment of irrigation mathematical model and irrigation algorithm in different periods of cotton field, which not only improves the utilization rate of water resources, but also realizes the intelligence of irrigation system, and promotes the transformation from traditional agriculture to intelligent agriculture.

Loss monitoring for undulator protection at SwissFEL

At the x-ray free-electron laser SwissFEL, at the Paul Scherrer Institute, Switzerland, beam loss monitors are used to determine loss positions along the linear accelerator and protect critical elements such as the undulator magnets from excess radiation. These monitors are integrated into the machine protection system (MPS) allowing beam losses to be limited by dynamically reducing the repetition rate. This paper focuses on the types of loss monitors installed at SwissFEL and their function in protecting the machine.

ANALISIS PENYELESAIAN KERUGIAN DAERAH YANG DISEBABKAN OLEH PIHAK KETIGA DALAM PENGADAAN BARANG/JASA PEMERINTAH

ABSTRACT Based on the Semester Examination Index (IHPS) I 2017 issued by the Supreme Audit Board (BPK), it is known that the level of regional loss settlement caused by third parties is still low, at 12.89%. In addition, the procedures for resolving state/regional losses caused by third parties are not clearly regulated in the legislation, thus giving rise to differences in the settlement process for various regional governments. This study aims to identify factors that influence the level of regional loss settlement to third parties and provide recommendations on procedures that can be done to ensure the settlement of regional losses caused by third parties.This research was carried out on 2 regional governments that have the highest level of regional losses settlement and 2 local governments with the lowest level of regional losses settlement in the Java and Bali area. This study uses qualitative methods with data collection techniques through written interviews and telephone interviews with officials and staff of the regional government inspectorates under study. In addition, this study also uses document analysis such as regional loss monitoring reports and audit reports published by the BPK.The results of the study indicate that the level of regional loss settlement against third parties is influenced by the commitment of the regional government, audit procedures, third party cooperation, and the constraints faced by local governments in resolving regional losses. The settlement of regional losses to third parties can be done in several ways, namely by deliberation for consensus, arbitration and alternative dispute resolution, as well as litigation through civil lawsuits in court.