Loss Characteristics Research Articles

Comparison of experimental, empirical, and CFD pressure losses of lab-scale sampling cyclones

Significant efforts remain to be undertaken to achieve efficient separation of particulate matter. Devices widely used for this purpose are cyclone separators. This study investigates the pressure loss phenomena and flow structures within cyclone devices, aiming to elaborate and optimize their performance. Traditional cyclone models: (i) Muschelknautz, (ii) Stairmand, and (iii) PM1 Sharp Cut, are evaluated alongside the innovative vortex limiter cyclone (VL) to distinguish their advantages and limitations. The focus is on describing the relation between pressure loss and flow characteristics of the different cyclones with the same design separation diameter of 1μm. Empirical pressure loss correlations analyze how pressure losses vary within different cyclone devices. It was proven that predictions depend on cyclone size and operational parameters. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations further elucidate pressure loss mechanisms, highlighting the complexities inherent in modeling cyclonic behavior accurately. In conclusion, this study contributes to advancing the understanding of cyclone performance by elucidating the intricate interplay between pressure loss phenomena and flow structures. Such insights hold profound indications for optimizing cyclone separator design and operation in diverse industrial applications.

Research on influence of wear ring clearance on energy loss of reactor coolant pump

Reactor coolant pump (RCP), the only rotating equipment in the nuclear island, directly determines the safety of the nuclear power system, has been likened to the “heart” of a nuclear power plant. The RCP needs to have very high reliability and stability. Its independent design and construction have always been the focus and difficulty of promoting the independent construction of nuclear power. To study the effect of the wear ring clearance on the energy loss characteristics of the RCP, the numerical simulation of the internal flow field of computation models with different wear ring clearance dimensions were conducted. The results indicate: As the wear ring clearance increases, the trend of performance reduction becomes more significant, especially under the large flow conditions; The increase of the wear ring clearance results in an increase of the pressure loss in the impeller and diffuser, and the variation in pressure distribution in different flow passages under different wear ring clearance dimensions is influenced by the position of the blade; The distribution of turbulent dissipation entropy production rate corresponds significantly to the distribution of direct dissipation entropy production rate, and the dissipation entropy production being more significantly affected by the wear ring clearance dimension closer to the shroud; The change of wear ring clearance dimension has limited impact on the wall shear stress entropy production of the impeller blade, while its effect on the diffuser blade is more pronounced; With the increase of the wear ring clearance, the scale of vortices near the impeller front shroud significantly increases, and the entropy production on the surface of vortex core at the impeller inlet gradually increases. This study is of great significance to ensure the secure and stable operation of the RCP, and provides an important reference for the hydraulic optimization design of the RCP.

Income or Job Loss and Psychological Distress During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Given the expiration of expanded unemployment and other benefits during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is important to understand the association between pandemic income or job loss and long-term implications on mental health. To evaluate the association between income or job loss due to the COVID-19 pandemic and later psychological distress. This cohort study used 5 waves of nationally representative, longitudinal survey data (September 16, 2019, through September 18, 2022) from the Pew Research Center's American Trends Panel. Doubly robust propensity score-weighted quasi-Poisson models were used to estimate the association of self or household income or job loss during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic with later psychological distress, while controlling for pre-income loss characteristics (demographics, finances, and psychological distress). The study sample comprised US working-age adults (aged 18-64 years) who had not experienced income or job loss due to the COVID-19 pandemic by March 24, 2020. Participant-reported self or household income or job loss (ie, reduced hours or demand for work) due to the COVID19 pandemic between March 24, 2020, and August 16, 2020. Psychological distress was measured using a composite scale of 0 to 15 based on participants' reported frequency of feeling depressed, on edge, sleepless, lonely, and hopeless in the past week in March 2020, February 2021, and September 2022. Of 1392 working-age adults (survey weighted 52.7% male and 47.7% aged 30-49 years) who had not reported income or job loss before March 24, 2020, a survey weighted 35.7% reported job or income loss between March 24 and August 16, 2020. Early-phase pandemic income or job loss was associated with higher distress in February 2021 (estimated ratio, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.01-1.18; P = .03) and September 2022 (estimated ratio, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.02-1.22; P = .02) among participants who experienced job or income loss between March 24 and August 16, 2020, compared with the propensity score-weighted mean in the group who did not experience income loss. These small but significant within-person associations between early-phase pandemic household income or job loss and psychological distress up to 29 months later suggest that policies are needed to support people with income or job loss to help mitigate the long-term adverse mental health outcomes of economic disruption.

Comprehensive Experimental Study of Biomass Conversion Behavior: From Particle Phenomena to Reactor Scale

During biomass combustion in a grate-fired boiler, each particle undergoes a sequence of different reactions, and the phenomena differ from the conversion of a single, thermally thin, particle. Hence, this paper aims to deepen the understanding of biomass conversion processes and provides valuable insights for advancing biomass-based energy systems. Firstly, the weight loss characteristics of the larger particles of eucalyptus, pine, acacia, and olive samples were investigated at different isothermal temperatures in a purpose-built reactor that simulates the devolatilization process in a controllable manner. As opposed to the thermogravimetric analysis using thermally thin particles, it was concluded that all fuels show that the combustion of large particles does not exhibit separate consecutive conversion stages, due to internal diffusion resistance. Furthermore, it was verified that the devolatilization rate depends mainly on the reactor temperature, and, consequently, the mass-loss profile is independent of the biomass type. In addition to these experiments, the composition of the gases over the devolatilization period was analyzed for the main fuel used in power plants, eucalyptus. Once again, a strong correlation to the reactor temperature was observed, with CO2 and CO always being the main devolatilization products. The temperature dependence of both compounds presented an increase from 8 to 13% between 600 and 800 °C for CO, while the CO2 yield only slightly increased from 11 to 12%. These observations were essential to identify the transport phenomena effect and the gaseous products released during the biomass combustion.

Green manure combined with reduced nitrogen reduce NH3 emissions, improves yield and nitrogen use efficiencies of rice

Background Green manure is an important source of organic fertilizer. Exploring green fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer reduction is important for agricultural production. However, few studies have been conducted, especially on the effects of different green fertilizers along with reduced nitrogen fertilizer application on soil ammonia volatilization emissions, rice yield, and nitrogen fertilizer uptake and utilization. Methods In this study, the effects of different types of green manure and reduced nitrogen fertilizer application on soil ammonia volatilization emissions, aboveground population characteristics of rice, and nitrogen fertilizer uptake and utilization were explored. This study was based on a field-positioning experiment conducted between 2020 and 2022. Six treatments were established: no nitrogen fertilizer application (CK), conventional fertilization in wheat-rice (WR), villous villosa-rice (VvR), vetch sativa-rice (VsR), rapeseed seed-rice (RR), and milk vetch-rice (GR), with a 20% reduction in nitrogen fertilizer application. The amounts of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers remained unchanged. The characteristics of ammonia volatilization loss in rice fields, agronomic traits of rice, yield traits, and nitrogen uptake and utilization were investigated. Results The results indicated a significant difference (P < 0.05) in the impact of different treatments on ammonia volatilization emissions from rice in the two-year experiment. Compared with WR treatment, VvR, VsR, RR, and GR treatments reduced the total ammonia volatilization loss by 23.58 to 39.21 kg ha−1, respectively. Compared with the conventional WR treatment, other treatments increased rice yield by 0.09 to 0.83 t ha−1. GR treatment was significantly higher than other green fertilizer treatments, except for VsR (P < 0.05). It increased the nitrogen uptake of rice by an average of 4.24%–22.24% and 13.08%–33.21% over the two years, respectively. The impact of different types of green manure on the nitrogen uptake and utilization of rice varied greatly, indicating that the combination of green manure and fertilizer is a sustainable fertilization model for crops to achieve high yields. In particular, the Chinese milk vetch as green manure was more beneficial for ammonia volatilization reduction in paddy field and stable grain production of rice.

Polarization and wavelength routers based on diffractive neural network

In the field of information processing, all-optical routers are significant for achieving high-speed, high-capacity signal processing and transmission. In this study, we developed three types of structurally simple and flexible routers using the deep diffractive neural network (D2NN), capable of routing incident light based on wavelength and polarization. First, we implemented a polarization router for routing two orthogonally polarized light beams. The second type is the wavelength router that can route light with wavelengths of 1550, 1300, and 1100 nm, demonstrating outstanding performance with insertion loss as low as 0.013 dB and an extinction ratio of up to 18.96 dB, while also maintaining excellent polarization preservation. The final router is the polarization-wavelength composite router, capable of routing six types of input light formed by pairwise combinations of three wavelengths (1550, 1300, and 1100 nm) and two orthogonal linearly polarized lights, thereby enhancing the information processing capability of the device. These devices feature compact structures, maintaining high contrast while exhibiting low loss and passive characteristics, making them suitable for integration into future optical components. This study introduces new avenues and methodologies to enhance performance and broaden the applications of future optical information processing systems.Graphical

Real-world evidence of characteristics and factors influencing herbal medicine use for weight loss in adults.

Obesity imposes a significant socioeconomic burden owing to its high prevalence. In response to the adverse outcomes associated with conventional pharmacotherapy and the challenges of low adherence to lifestyle interventions, herbal medicine has surfaced as an actively utilized approach for weight loss. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the characteristics and influencing factors of herbal medicine users for weight loss in adults. Overall, 22,080 participants were included based on data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2010 to 2019. Simple logistic regression analyses were used to derive the associations between herbal medicine use for weight loss and individual characteristics. Three models were constructed utilizing multiple logistic regression analyses to assess the associations between herbal medicine use for weight loss and the combined characteristics of predisposing, enabling, and need factors according to Andersen's model. In the full adjustment model, women, younger adults, those with higher incomes, and individuals reporting higher levels of perceived stress were more prone to use herbal medicine for weight loss in the past year. Adults who identified body image as being fat/very fat, those who consumed alcohol, and those classified as severely obese by body mass index were also more prone to use herbal medicine for weight loss. In particular, adults with a higher rate and amount of weight loss in the past year were more likely to use herbal medicine for weight loss compared to those experiencing weight gain/no changes/loss of 0-3kg. Our study was the first to derive the characteristics and influencing factors of herbal medicine users for weight loss among adults. These findings hold significant promise for informing future research endeavors and policy decision-making for effective resource distribution for obesity treatment.

Methods for Determining Losses and Parameters of Cylindrical-Rotor Medium-Power Synchronous Generators

This paper presents the analytical and numerical application of a method to determine the parameters and power losses in the core of two medium-power synchronous generators. These generators are used as emergency power sources powered by diesel engines, gas engines, and gas turbines. They cover peak electricity demand but can also be used in traction drives. This article presents a new numerical method for determining losses in the generator core based on the use of a time-stepping solution using the FEM method and calculating these losses using analytical formulas. In calculating the losses for the FEM method, approximations of the loss characteristics of the sheet were used with a wide range of induction values and frequencies. This method is specific to the solution used and was adapted from the authors’ previous work on losses in induction machines. A one-phase winding with alternating voltage was supplied to determine the basic parameters in the form of synchronous reactance. Also, an important novelty is the introduction of a new method of determining the saturation state of the magnetic circuit, which significantly affects the machine parameters. The obtained results were used in analytical calculations and implemented in a computer program that allows for the calculation of electromagnetic parameters, operating characteristics, and core losses, taking into account additional losses, total losses, and efficiency, as well as machine parameters in unsteady operating states and the current characteristics of a three-phase symmetrical short circuit at the machine terminals. The calculations obtained were verified experimentally by measurements of real machines.

Changes in Widespread Pain After Surgical Weight Loss in Racialized Adults: A Secondary Analysis From a 2-Year Longitudinal Study

Widespread pain (WP) is associated with reduced function and disability. Importantly, three-fourths of the approximately 42% of U.S. adults with obesity have WP. Moreover, rates of adult obesity are higher, and WP outcomes are worse in racialized non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic/Latino/a/X groups, potentially exacerbating existing pain disparities. Bariatric surgery significantly reduces weight and improves pain. However, recurrent or unresolved pain after bariatric surgery can hinder weight loss or facilitate weight regain. The current study conducted a secondary analysis of a longitudinal study of predictors and mechanisms of weight loss after bariatric surgery to examine the point prevalence of WP and pain trajectories 24 months post surgery. Our secondary aim was to examine the association between weight loss and pain characteristics. Our exploratory aim was to longitudinally examine racial differences in pain trajectories after bariatric surgery. Our results showed that point prevalence decreased after bariatric surgery. Additionally, significant improvements in pain trajectories occurred within the first 3 months post surgery with a pattern of pain reemergence beginning at 12 months post surgery. Hispanic/Latino/a/X participants reported a higher number of painful anatomical sites before bariatric surgery, and the rate of change in this domain for this group was faster compared with the racialized non-Hispanic Black participants. These findings suggest that pain improvements are most evident during the early stages of surgical weight loss in racialized populations of adults with WP. Thus, clinicians should routinely monitor patients’ weight changes after bariatric surgery as they are likely to correspond to changes in their pain experiences. PerspectiveThis article presents the prevalence and pain trajectories of racialized adults with WP after surgical weight loss. Clinicians should evaluate changes in the magnitude and spatial distribution of pain after significant weight change in these populations so that pain interventions can be prescribed with greater precision.

Energy loss analysis in two-stage turbine of compressed air energy storage system: Effect of varying partial admission ratio and inlet pressure

The compressed air energy storage (CAES) system experiences decreasing air storage pressure during energy release process. To ensure system stability, maintaining a specific pressure difference between air storage and turbine inlet is necessary. Hence, adopting a judicious air distribution scheme for the turbine is crucial. Partial admission, based on reasoned nozzle governing methods, enhances system performance. This investigation explores the impact of varying partial admission ratio (PAR) and inlet pressure on flow dynamics and loss characteristics under rated output power. Full circumferential numerical simulations of a two-stage axial turbine within CAES system elucidates insights. First-stage efficiency declines linearly with decreasing PAR, while second-stage displays escalating reductions. Principally, turbine energy losses primarily stem from the entropy production rate (EPR) by turbulent dissipation and EPR arising from heat transfer with fluctuating temperature gradients. Partial admission significantly affects losses within the rotor, especially within the second stage. Leaving velocity loss for 50 % PAR is about 3 times that of 100 % PAR. The percentage of losses within R2 for 50 % PAR increases by 6.7 % compared with that for 100 % PAR. This research provides theoretical insights for designing, regulating, and optimizing nozzle governing and partial admission turbines in CAES systems.

Effects of Straw and Fertilizer Managements on Nitrogen Loss in Rice Cultivation in Taihu Lake Basin

Nitrogen loss from rice systems is an important source of agricultural non-point source pollution. Many studies revolve around reducing the rate of nitrogen fertilizer application. However, studies examining the characteristics of nitrogen loss in multiple loss paths （runoff, leaching, and lateral seepage） under different straw and fertilizer managements are lacking. Therefore, a study was carried out based on a rice field planted for more than 20 years with straw continuously returned to the field for more than 5 years in Taihu lake basin. The effects of straw and fertilizer managements on nitrogen loss in different paths during the whole growth period of rice were studied. Moreover, straw and fertilizer managements were evaluated by their production suitability and environmental friendliness based on crop yield, nitrogen use efficiency, and nitrogen loss. The results showed that straw removal from the field increased the response sensitivity of nitrogen accumulation in plant tissue to nitrogen application. The nitrogen loss in the rice season was 9-17 kg·hm-2, accounting for 5%-7% of the nitrogen application rate. Straw removal increased the risk of nitrogen loss when soaking water discharged. Straw returning could decrease the nitrogen loss by more than 15%, though the effect of straw on nitrogen loss via lateral seepage was not clear. Furthermore, the suitable substitution of organic fertilizer （30% in this study） could respectively reduce the amount of nitrogen loss via runoff, leaching, and lateral seepage by 16%, 26%, and 37% compared with the fertilizer application under the same nitrogen gradient. In conclusion, the implementation of straw returning and fertilizer type optimization measures effectively reduced the nitrogen loss for unit weight of rice production and realized the balance between agricultural production and environmental protection.

The Effect of Different Stabilizers on the Characteristics of Gluten-Free Dried Noodle from Arrowroot and Mung bean Flour

Dry noodles are one of the foods made from wheat flour. The availability of wheat in Indonesia does not match consumer demand, necessitating the use of alternative ingredients such as arrowroot flour and mung bean flour. The use of stabilizers like CMC, STPP, and Xanthan Gum is needed to improve the characteristics of dry noodles. This research aims to determine the effect of the proportion of arrowroot flour and mung bean flour with different types of stabilizers on the physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics of dry noodles. The experimental design used was a factorial CRD with two factors. Factor I was the proportion of arrowroot flour and mung bean flour and Factor II was the addition of different types of stabilizers. Data were analyzed using 5% ANOVA and 5% DMRT. There was a significant interaction (p≤0.05) on the moisture content, ash, protein, fat, starch, rehydration capacity, cooking loss, elasticity, and organoleptic characteristics of aroma, texture, and overall appearance. There were no significant differences in the organoleptic characteristics of color and taste. The best treatment was the proportion of arrowroot flour and mung bean flour (60:40) with the addition of CMC stabilizer, which resulted in dry noodles with the following characteristics: moisture 11.392%, ash 1.919%, protein 11.592%, fat 1.378%, starch 54.720%, rehydration capacity 110.266%, cooking loss 6.398%, elasticity 0.314 N, aroma 4.200, color 4.040, taste 3.800, texture 4.200, and overall appearance 4.160.

Deep Learning-Based Simultaneous Temperature- and Curvature-Sensitive Scatterplot Recognition.

Since light propagation in a multimode fiber (MMF) exhibits visually random and complex scattering patterns due to external interference, this study numerically models temperature and curvature through the finite element method in order to understand the complex interactions between the inputs and outputs of an optical fiber under conditions of temperature and curvature interference. The systematic analysis of the fiber's refractive index and bending loss characteristics determined its critical bending radius to be 15 mm. The temperature speckle atlas is plotted to reflect varying bending radii. An optimal end-to-end residual neural network model capable of automatically extracting highly similar scattering features is proposed and validated for the purpose of identifying temperature and curvature scattering maps of MMFs. The viability of the proposed scheme is tested through numerical simulations and experiments, the results of which demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the optimized network model.

Design and analysis of ultra-wideband miniaturized metamaterial absorbers for radiation suppression

This paper presents a novel miniaturized ultra-wideband metamaterial absorber with a thickness of 0.069λ L thick, engineered to suppress electromagnetic radiation in high-frequency chip packaging. The absorber’s bandwidth is enhanced through the incorporation of lumped resistors and patterned metal strips. Simulation results reveal an absorption efficiency exceeding 90% across the frequency range of 17.3–33.5 GHz, while maintaining polarization insensitivity and angular stability. The absorption mechanism is investigated using equivalent circuit theory and the S-parameter inversion method, which demonstrate consistent impedance matching and advantageous loss characteristics throughout the wide band. Relevant objects were meticulously prepared and tested, yielding a high correlation between the measured and simulated results. The proposed absorber, when integrated into package chips and patch antennas, significantly reduces the far-field electric field amplitude in both applications. Specifically, the packaged chip shows up to 19.7 dB of electromagnetic radiation suppression and the patch antenna structure achieves over 10 dB of radiation suppression in the 24.2 GHz–30.4 GHz range post-integration. These results affirm the absorber’s efficacy in effectively reducing unwanted electromagnetic radiation in specified frequency bands within complex electromagnetic environments. The absorber’s demonstrated effectiveness provides a promising approach to address the increasing issue of electromagnetic radiation in progressively miniaturized electronic devices.

Analysis of Parasitic Parameters and Winding Loss Characteristics of High-Frequency Transformer under Different Winding Structures

Abstract With the development of the smart grid and the increasing access of renewable energy to the distribution grid, the traditional AC power grid puts forward an urgent demand for power electronic transformer (PET). The high-frequency transformer (HFT) serves as the core equipment of PET, and its electromagnetic structure and parasitic parameters are the hot spot of study in the field of power electronics. In this paper, the parasitic parameters, winding loss, and leakage magnetic field characteristics of the 20 kHz, 20 kVA HFT are investigated under different winding structures. The results show that the higher the degree of crossover of HFT winding, the lower the leakage magnetic field. The cross winding reduces winding loss and leakage inductance, and also attenuates the impact of frequency variations. The higher the winding height, the lower the leakage inductance. As the insulation thickness increases, the leakage inductance rises. The distribution capacitance varies opposite to the leakage inductance. Based on the analysis of winding loss and parasitic parameters, as well as the consideration of insulation, the final winding layout, the height of winding and the thickness of insulation of the HFT are determined.

Food Loss and Food Waste Along the Food Supply Chain – An International Perspective

Food loss and waste represents a global problem which is characteristic for all food supply chain sectors and all groups of countries. On average, every year one third of the total amount of food produced is lost or wasted, which indicates an extremely high level of inefficiency in the food supply chain. One of the key characteristics of food loss and waste is a wide range of ecological, economic and social implications, which is why this problem has become the subject of many national and global agendas. Although there is still no unique definition of the term food loss and waste and unique data collection methodology, many authors have researched this topic so far. Therefore, this paper's aim was to research the existing literature on the phenomenon of food loss and waste, as well as to observe trends of the amount of food loss and waste in the world and the EU. The results indicated that the differences between developed and developing countries have changed, and the amount of food waste in both groups of countries at the household level is now quite uniform. At the level of the EU, the household sector is also the largest generator of food waste.

Rage in video gaming, characteristics of loss of control among gamers: A qualitative study.

Rage in video gaming, characteristics of loss of control among gamers: A qualitative study.

Energy loss evaluation of a radial inflow turbine for organic Rankine cycle application using hierarchical entropy production method

To evaluate the location and main sources of energy loss in radial inflow turbines for organic Rankine cycle application, this study proposed a hierarchical entropy production method, which is superior to the traditional pressure drop method. The method includes three levels: local entropy production, split of turbine total entropy production, and split of component entropy production. The energy loss of the radial inflow turbine under design condition and different pressure ratios is presented. The results indicate that the high-entropy production zone is primarily located at the stator trailing edge and the rotor tip clearance. The proportion of turbulent entropy production and wall entropy production in the total energy loss of the turbine is about 77% and 20%, respectively. Among the components of the radial inflow turbine, the energy loss of the rotor and diffuser is the highest, accounting for 71.9% and 13.6% of the total entropy production of the turbine, respectively. However, the stator and rotor have higher volume average entropy generation rate and area average entropy generation rate. The high-entropy production region is mainly located in the stator outlet zone and the rotor tip zone. When the pressure ratio increases from 3 to 5, the turbine efficiency decreases by 13.44%. The pressure ratio has a significant effect on the turbulent entropy production of the rotor. This method can provide insight into the energy loss characteristics of radial inflow turbines for organic Rankine cycle applications.

The mechanism of internal energy losses in double- suction centrifugal pumps under direct and reverse conditions

The double-suction centrifugal pump has gained extensive application in various hydraulic projects and industrial processes under direct and reverse operating conditions. However, the occurrence of unstable flow phenomena, such as flow separation, vortex and reflux, poses a significant challenge to its hydraulic performance. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the energy loss and energy dissipation mechanisms in double-suction centrifugal pumps operating in both direct and reverse conditions. By utilizing the entropy production theory, a combination of numerical simulations and experimental methods are employed to investigate the energy loss of double-suction centrifugal pump compared to double-suction centrifugal pumps as turbines. The findings indicate that the turbulent entropy production loss and wall entropy production loss are the principal contributors, accounting for over 57 % and 33 % of the total entropy production loss, respectively, under different flow conditions of the pump and turbine. Conversely, the direct entropy production loss is not more than 1 %. This suggests that the main causes of energy losses are associated with wall effects in the near-wall region and unstable flow in the main flow region. Within the pump conditions, the main components responsible for energy loss are the volute and impeller. Conversely, under turbine conditions, the impeller and draft chamber are the main contributors to energy loss. The presence of a suction chamber rib proves beneficial under pump conditions as it diverts and optimizes internal flow. However, the draft chamber flow divider exacerbates energy losses under turbine conditions. This study not only provides insights into the energy loss characteristics of a double-suction pump operating under direct and reverse conditions but also offers a fresh perspective on the structural optimization of both the double-suction pump and double-suction pump as turbine.

Novel nanocomposite based microstrip patch antenna for C and X band applications

Microstrip patch antennas (MPAs) are essential components in modern wireless communication systems, and their design is significantly influenced by the properties of the materials used. In this study, we investigate the impact of incorporating composites of fumed silica within RT-Duroid dielectric material on the performance of microstrip patch antennas. The effective permittivity of the composite is calculated using the Maxwell-Garnett model. Through systematic theoretical studies, we analyze the performance of composite antennas with varying composite volumes and dielectric substrate thicknesses. Utilizing HFSS 13.0 software, we optimize the substrate thickness and antenna dimensions to design MPAs resonating at 10 GHz. The proposed antenna, with dimensions of 11.85 mm by 9.044 mm for the patch and 50 mm by 50 mm for the substrate, exhibits superior performance compared to conventional antennas, achieving a higher gain of 10 dB, good efficiency of 96 % along with favorable return loss characteristics. The frequency ranges of the C and X bands are better suited for military applications, weather radar, satellite communication, air traffic control, maritime radar, and remote sensing. This research underscores the significance of incorporating composite materials into MPA design to enhance performance and broaden application potential in modern communication technologies.