Loss Account Research Articles

Transition from liquid droplet to solid particle investigated by ultrasonic spectroscopy

The size distribution and elastic modulus of micron-sized particles dispersed in liquid can be quantitatively evaluated by ultrasonic spectroscopy at a megahertz frequency range combined with a scattering theory. Conventional theories dealing with the wavelength comparable with the micron-sized particles consider viscosity for liquid droplets in emulsions and elasticity for solid particles in suspension, but very few studies have simultaneously considered viscosity and elasticity for the dispersed phase. In this study, a toluene (Tol) solution of polystyrene (PS) was dispersed in a continuous phase (water), and the ultrasonic properties of the PS-Tol/water emulsion were investigated. Furthermore, when Tol is dried from the PS-Tol droplet, spherical solid PS particles are obtained in water. Using such a drying-in-liquid method, the processes of solid PS particle formation from PS-Tol liquid droplets were analyzed ultrasonically. Since these solid PS particles are in a glassy state at room temperature, the process from emulsion to solid polymer must go through a rubbery state or transition region, where viscosity becomes important in addition to elasticity for solid particles. The objective of this study is to demonstrate a methodology to quantitatively reproduce the ultrasonic spectra of microparticles associated with the drying of organic solvents using a model that takes account of both elasticity and viscous loss.

The Uses of Mourning

The Uses of Mourning

EMPIRICAL STUDY ABOUT THE RELATION BETWEEN FAMILY OWNERSHIP AND FIRM PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FOR ROMANIAN FAMILY FIRMS

The objective of the article is to produce and validate a statistical model for quantifying the performance of family firms. Such aim will be achieved through the analysis of a sample of 27 entities from the “family firms from Romania” group. The statistical hypothesis underlying the specification of the model is one according to which selected variables will distinguish the performing family firms from the non-performing ones, regardless of ownership. The article addresses an alternative possibility for assessing the financial performance of family businesses, namely a model created by Carton, R. The complex indicator created by Carton, R, is composed of performance factors such as asset growth, debt change and degree change survival rate (Z-score change), calculated using the Statev coefficient, Z-score. The indicators that were used are extracted from both the Entities’ Balance Sheet and their Profit and Loss Account (on-line), while the modelling is carried out through the Excel statistical modelling.

Financial Reporting Quality and Invest Decisions: Evidence from Listed Manufacturing Companies in Nigeria

The disparaging nature of the Nigerian capital market, investment environment and the outline of the entire economy affirms the need for investors to give ample responsiveness to the precariousness of the global economic climate before investment decisions are undertaken since the resultant effect is seen in the deceleration in domestic expansion, prompted economic instability, increased inflation rate amongst others which has affected market value of shares of firms in the economy. Therefore the study examined the effect of financial reporting quality on investment decision in Nigerian listed manufacturing companies. The study employed ex-post facto research design. The population of the study was 52 manufacturing companies listed on the Nigerian exchange as at 31st December, 2020. Ten companies were purposively chosen for the study owing to data availability and total asset base covering a sample period of 2011-2020. Descriptive and inferential (Multiple Regression) statistics were used to analyze the data. The findings revealed that financial reporting quality have a significant effect on market price per share of listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria (Adj.R2= 0.316560, F(3)= 16.28516, p<0.05).The study concluded that financial reporting quality as measured by earnings quality, timely loss recognition and accounting conservatism has significant effect on market price per share of listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria. The study has implication for investor to understand the dynamics of financial reporting quality (timely loss recognition in terms of information, accounting conservatism and earnings quality) to guide them in portfolio diversification and investment decisions.

The Role of Human Capital Investments in Business Excellence of Croatian Companies

The paper analyses human capital investments and their relation to company performance in Croatia. Human capital represents an inevitable element in recognising and measuring an organisation’s values and supporting its business excellence. The results obtained show that training and extra bonuses or salaries are positively correlated with company excellence, as well as show a significant difference in the mean of salaries per employee between high and moderate intensive intellectual capital companies. The differences in company excellence, when human capital expenditures are capitalized in a company’s balance sheet rather than recognized as expenses in the company’s profit and loss account, is confirmed. Companies should pay attention to managing human resources and realizing their importance for business excellence, as well as the importance of appropriate recognition and measurement of human capital in financial statements.

Flexibility Framework With Recovery Guarantees for Aggregated Energy Storage Devices

This paper proposes a framework for the procurement of flexibility reserve from aggregated storage fleets. It allows for arbitrary tree structures of aggregation hierarchy, as well as easily implementable disaggregation via broadcast dispatch. By coupling discharge and recovery modes, the proposed framework enables full-cycle capacity to be procured ahead of real time, with guaranteed recovery and exact accounting for losses. The set of feasible discharging requests is exactly encoded, so that there is no reduction in the ability to meet discharging signals, and recovery capabilities are parametrised as a single virtual battery. Included in this paper is a numerical demonstration of the construction of the constituent curves of the framework and the approach is also benchmarked against relevant alternatives.

Editor's Choice Articles for September.

September 2022 articles in Pediatric Critical Care Medicine (PCCM) are outstanding and worthy of your attention. I have selected three Editor’s Choices articles (1–3) along with their accompanying editorials (4–6) that you can use to start your review of this month’s issue. Then, as I outline in more detail in the section called PCCM Connections for Readers, read these four items: a new format called PCCM Trials (7); another educational Case Conference Record (8) and Concise Clinical Science Review (9); and last, our first PCCM Narrative essay from Spain (10). WHAT IS THE EXTENT OF PEDIATRIC NEUROCRITICAL CARE PRACTICE IN OUR SPECIALTY? DeSanti RL, Balakrishnan B, Rice TB, et al: The Utilization of Critical Care Resources In Pediatric Neurocritical Care Patients (1). My first Editor’s Choice is an analysis of the prevalence of neurologic diagnoses in close to 130,000 patients registered in a large multi-institutional PICU database in the United States (US Virtual Pediatric Systems) in 2016 (1). It is higher than you may think, and the accompanying editorial makes us consider the question “who falls under the pediatric neurocritical care umbrella?” (4). WHAT IS THE ROLE OF EARLY CORTICOSTEROIDS IN SEPTIC SHOCK OUTCOMES? Kamps NN, Banks R, Reeder RW, et al: The Association of Early Corticosteroid Therapy With Clinical and Health-Related Quality of Life Outcomes In Children With Septic Shock (2). My next Editor’s Choice is another important contribution to PCCM from the Life After Pediatric Sepsis Evaluation (LAPSE) investigation, which was a prospective, observational cohort study of 12 PICUs in the US, 2013–2017. The other recent works about health-related quality-of-life (HRQL) outcomes from this dataset have reported associations between acute kidney injury and new morbidity (11), and between acute serum biomarkers and HRQL morbidity (12). Now, the LAPSE investigators use propensity scoring methodology to analyze data from 352 patients in the dataset, 155 (44%) of whom received early corticosteroid therapy. The accompanying editorial provides a thoughtful discussion about what this new analysis means, and the “complexity of factors” to consider in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of early corticosteroids in septic shock (5). WHAT IS MEANT BY “CANDIDACY” FOR SUPPORT WITH EXTRACORPOREAL MEMBRANE OXYGENATION? Moynihan KM, Jansen M, Siegel BD, et al: Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Candidacy Decisions: An Argument for a Process-Based Longitudinal Approach (3). My third Editor’s Choice is about issues of fairness, justice, and transparency in the dynamic process of decision-making surrounding “candidacy” for life support with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) (3). This PCCM Perspective article should be read and considered along with the authors’ other recent works in the journal (13,14), as well as a position paper about candidacy for ECMO from the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators subgroup on hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and cancer (15). The editorial also provides an important discussion and a commentary on the challenges in this area of practice. “PCCM Connections” FOR READERS This month I am pleased to announce a new section in the journal called PCCM Trials. As mentioned in the August 2022 issue of PCCM, we will now evaluate articles describing the protocol of any RCT in pediatric critical care. The main reason for including such work is to keep readers and researchers informed of contemporary RCTs. Information must include details of trial registration in a registry that is compliant with the World Health Organization (WHO) International Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP, see https://www.who.int/clinical-trials-registry-platform/the-ictrp-search-portal) such as the U.S. National Library of Medicine ClinicalTrials.gov (see https://www.clinicaltrials.gov) database. Out first report in this category is about a multicenter RCT of conservative versus liberal oxygenation targets in critically ill children (OXY-PICU) (7) in the United Kingdom. The study has already completed recruitment with over 2,000 patients. In the educational material this month we have the second PCCM Case Conference Records. The first case conference published in 2021 (Case 1-2021) was about a 10-year-old male with respiratory failure, pleural effusions, and renal failure 60 days after HSCT (16). Case 2-2022 is a beautifully illustrated and informative case conference about cardiac arrest 3 days after liver transplantation (8). The authors have chosen to make their article open access in memory of their teacher and clinical colleague Dr. Thomas Kulik (see acknowledgements). The other educational item this month is a PCCM Concise Clinical Science Review about the Zonulin pathway as a potential mediator of gastrointestinal dysfunction in critical illness (9). Finally, we have our first PCCM Narrative essay from Spain, which is a moving account of death and loss called “The Unequal Fight” (10).

Economic Valuation of Landscape in Marinas: Application to a Marina in Spanish Southern Mediterranean Coast (Granada, Spain)

Assigning a monetary value to a landscape improves its importance. It helps to realize the magnitude of the benefits that can be obtained and represents the basis for applying protection and improvement policies. As a case study, we considered Marina del Este, located on the Spanish Southern Mediterranean coast, characterized by the presence of protected natural areas of great value and a rugged coastline beautiful to sailors. This study applies the analytic multicriteria valuation method (AMUVAN) to estimate the landscape’s economic contribution. This method combines the analytic hierarchy process and discounted cash flow analysis. A total of 16 participants were considered, all with knowledge about the marina, which included areas of the marina management, management organizations with competencies in the marina environment, commercial operation, and university professors. They weighted the importance of landscape concerning the rest of the marina activities, use versus non-use values, and the components of the total economic value (TEV) of the landscape within marinas as a natural asset. Results expressed that the landscape may reach a value of around 16.3 million euros. It represents more than 3000% of the value of the marina’s profit and loss account. A detailed analysis of the components of the TEV makes it possible to propose strategies to improve the economic value of the landscape.

Analysis on the Coupling Relationship between Natural Resource Loss and Environmental Pollution Cost Accounting in Chongqing

Natural resource loss and environmental pollution are the focus of attention at present. Based on the analysis of the coupling relationship between natural resource loss and environmental pollution cost accounting in Chongqing, this paper makes a comprehensive analysis of the accounting results. First of all, we should define the loss of natural resources and set the direction of research and development, establish the ecosystem data model, calculate the environmental pollution cost, and display the calculation results. The results show that (1) air pollution is the focus of environmental pollution. On the premise of ensuring production quality, control the number of emissions from production and reprocess the emissions. (2) In the process of paying attention to water and soil resources, detect and protect water resources and soil, and calculate the ecological value of water resources and soil. Pay attention to the benefits between water and soil and transform and optimize the ecological value system of natural resources.

Estimation of Tinnitus-Related Socioeconomic Costs in Germany.

Despite the high prevalence of tinnitus in Germany of nearly 12% of the general population, there have been no systematic studies on the socioeconomic costs for German society caused by tinnitus so far. Here we analyzed data from 258 chronic tinnitus patients—namely tinnitus severity and health utility index (HUI)—and correlated them with their tinnitus-related public health care costs, private expenses, and economic loss due to their tinnitus percept as assessed by questionnaires. We found correlations of the HUI with health care costs and calculated the mean socioeconomic costs per tinnitus patient in Germany. According to our most conservative estimate, these sum up to EUR 4798.91 per year. Of that EUR 2206.95 account for the public health care, EUR 290.45 are carried by the patient privately and the remaining EUR 2301.51 account for economical loss due to sick leave. With a prevalence of 5.5% with at least bothersome tinnitus, this sums up to 21.9 billion Euro per year and with 25.82 sick leave days; tinnitus patients miss work more than double the time of the average German employee (10.9 days). The findings fit within the cost ranges of studies from other European countries and the USA and show that the socioeconomic burden of this disease-like symptom is a global problem. In comparison with the costs of other major chronic diseases in Germany—such as chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (ca. 16 billion Euro) or diabetes mellitus (ca. 42 billion Euro)—the relevance of the ‘symptom’ tinnitus for the German social economy becomes even more obvious.

The Efforts to Settle Non-performing Loans through the Execution of Mortgage Guarantees without a Court Decision

The purpose of this study is to find out and analyze efforts to resolve non-performing loans through the execution of mortgage guarantees without a court decision and to find out and analyze the legal consequences of the execution of mortgage guarantees without going through a court decision. The research approach method used in this journal is a sociological juridical approach. . Collecting data using interview methods, document studies or library materials. After the researcher collected data, then the data obtained from the interviews and document studies were analyzed qualitatively. Qualitative data analysis, is a research method that produces descriptive data analysis, namely what was stated by the respondent in writing or verbally and also his real behavior, researched and studied as a whole. After the data analysis is complete, the results will be presented descriptively, namely by telling and describing what is in accordance with the problems studied. Furthermore, a conclusion is drawn which is the answer to the problems raised in this study. Efforts made by the Bank include collecting in the form of money to customers, restructuring credit, conducting mortgage auctions, direct write off method which is carried out when a receivable is believed to be uncollectible or repaid by the debtor, resulting in losses on receivables, directly debited to the accounts receivable loss account so that the reserve for receivables loss account is no longer used and as a result of the law the auction is null and void.

Assessment of Irrigation Water Loss and Water Balance in the Thenpennaiyaru Basin of Tamil Nadu, India

This study employed a comprehensive technique for the systematic estimate of the water balance in Thenpennaiyaru river basin irrigation systems (TRB-IS) in Tamil Nadu, India. KRP reservoir and Sathanur reservoir in TRB are the primary water sources in the study area. We computed the actual water loss in open canals (e.g., leakage and evaporation). A water balance technique provides for the accounting of various system volume inputs (e.g., water abstraction, imported water, water volume owing to precipitation or surface runoff), authorized consumptions, and water losses in canals and intermediate reservoirs. The proposed methodology enables the evaluation of various water loss components (e.g., evaporation losses, unauthorized uses, metering errors, leakage, and discharges) and the calculation of water loss performance indicators that enable the identification of the most significant water loss problems and provide guidance for managing water losses. The approach is evaluated and implemented using a hybrid irrigation system. Results indicate that discharges in canal systems account for over half of the total volume of water loss, followed by leakage in canals and metering problems. These findings emphasize the need to enhance the everyday operation of these systems and restore their infrastructures.

WORKING CAPITAL ANALYSIS OF EIC METERS PVT LTD AT BANGALORE

In today's world, electrical measuring devices are extremely important in a number of areas, including agriculture, weather, the motor industry, hospitals, and many other places. Nowadays there is a need for calibrated electrical measuring device to match the readings of a certain standard. The present study analyses the financial performance of the company using profit and loss account and balance sheet, a secondary data of EIC Meters Pvt Ltd for five-year from 2016-17 to 2021-22. The study determines the profitability and financial position of the business concern. This study analysed using working capital to find-out the cashflow year on year. The calculation on working capital were made and interpreted. The overall outcome of the study depicts the financial position of the company is satisfactory.

Collection, Standardization and Attribution of Robust Disaster Event Information—A Demonstrator of a National Event-Based Loss and Damage Database in Austria

Loss and damage databases are essential tools within the disaster risk management cycle for making informed decisions. However, even in data-rich countries such as Austria, no consistent and curated multi-hazard database is available. Based on the requirements of the United Nations, the European Union, as well as on national demands to deal with disaster impacts, we conceived and set up a demonstrator for a consistent multi-hazard national event-based loss and damage database that addresses event identification, loss accounting and disaster forensics according to international standards. We built our database on already existing data from administration and federal agencies and formulated a process to combine those data in a synergetic way. Furthermore, we tested how earth observation and weather data could help to derive more robust disaster event information. Our demonstrator focuses on two Austrian federal provinces, three hazard types—floods, storms and mass movements—and the period between 2005 and 2018. By analyzing over 140.000 single event descriptions, we conclude that—despite some limitations in retrospective data harmonization—the implementation of a curated event-based national loss and damage database is feasible and adds significant value compared to the usage of single national datasets or existing international databases such as EM-DAT or the Risk Data Hub. With our demonstrator, we are able to support the national risk assessment, the national Sendai Monitoring and federal disaster risk management with the provision of best possible harmonized loss and damage information, tailored indicators and statistics as well as hazard impact maps on the municipality scale.

Статистическая математическая модель расчета коэффициента полезного действия компрессоров турбодетандерных агрегатов: усовершенствование и идентификация

Despite their small size turbo expander units used for transportation and processing oil and gas have a capacity of up to 5.5 MW. Designing new turbo-expander units includes several stages, one of which is the variant calculation of the compressor for the given parameters. For calculating the efficiency of the compressor by its main parameters a specialized statistical model is used. The efficiency of stages designed according to a single unambiguous methodology depends on the design parameters and similarity criteria. The generalization of experience in designing turbo-expander units allowed improving the statistical mathematical model used in the Universal Modeling Method, taking into account the specifics of compressors. The new version of the mathematical model correctly takes account of losses in the inlet nozzle, the method of manufacturing the impeller, the diffuser type, etc. The resulting mathematical model includes 22 empirical coefficients. To select the correct values of the coefficients, the results of 26 acceptance tests of turbo-expander compressors were used. The error of the new statistical model with the selected of empirical coefficient values was 1.8%, which is sufficient for its practical application in project activities.

Quantifying tsunami impact on industrial facilities and production capacity in ports: An application to Sendai Port, Japan

The 2011 Great East Japan earthquake and subsequent tsunami is one of the costliest natural hazards to date. Losses were not only from physical damage alone. Indirect losses due to business interruptions and their consequential impacts on the rest of the economy and supply chain account for most losses. In this study, 12 companies across five industrial sectors in Miyagi Prefecture were interviewed to gain a better understanding about the damage that were sustained by their factories during the 2011 Great East Japan earthquake and tsunami as well as subsequent earthquake and tsunami events. The study investigates (i) the vulnerability of mechanical structures to tsunami impacts, and (ii) the recovery rates of production capacity for various industrial sectors through interviews with companies from various industrial sectors. In addition, tsunami risk assessment is performed for future tsunami scenarios using Sendai Port as a case study. Results from this study indicate that only 1–2 m of flow depth is enough to cause damage to mechanical structures in most industries, which disrupts operations. In addition, recovery rates of production capacity vary at different tsunami inundation levels. Full recovery of production capacity can occur as quickly as 1–2 months later and as late as 10–12 months later depending on the situation. Tsunami risk assessment demonstrates that using structural fragility functions alone might underestimate the actual loss of industries and that most industries in Sendai Port are potentially capable of recovering within eight months after large future tsunami.

Structural Analysis of the Utilization-Resources, Rotation of the Current Structure and Cost-Effectiveness of a Listed Company

The method of the companies’ financial diagnosis rates is aimed at a system of indicators of simple or percentage ratio type, based on factors arising either from a level of financial position/balance sheet, or from a level of financial performance/profit and loss account. The utilisations-resources structural analysis assumes a system of ratios of the type of share of various structures of use or resources in the patrimonial total. The management/rotation emphasizes a system of ratios measuring the dynamics of current patrimonial structures, stocks, trade receivables or trading exploitation debts, respectively. The cost-effectiveness is founded on a system of ratios revealing the capacity of various patrimonial structures or result structures to generate net profit. In order to develop this study, we have selected a company listed on the Bucharest Stock Exchange, due to the transparency of the information, but also to the diversity of patrimonial and result structures, namely Turism Felix SA from Băile Felix. The time horizon referred to is three consecutive financial years: 2018 and 2019, under normal conditions, and 2020, marked by a special evolution due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, we will determine and analyse the rate indicators at the static level, for each financial year, but also dynamically, by using the absolute deviations (differences) with chain base and the relative deviations (indexes) with chain base. The originality is supported by the selection of a company in hospitality industry, very sensitive to the context generated by the pandemic.

Study on Cost Accounting and Control of Environmental Pollution Loss in Guangdong Province

Environmental problems have become a major factor affecting the world's economic development. In order to reduce environmental pollution and improve environmental quality. This paper takes Guangdong Province as the research object, adopts the basic principles of human capital method and medical cost usage environmental pollution loss cost, incorporates environmental factors into the national economic accounting system, establishes the green GDP cost accounting method, and develops the environmental pollution economic loss accounting index; it adopts the environmental pollution economic loss accounting method, counts the number of affected objects within the scope of environmental pollution, so as to establish a comprehensive environmental economic accounting system, incorporating environmental factors into the economic system; the economic losses calculated in accordance with the established environmental pollution accounting procedures, converting tangible losses into monetary losses and counting the environmental pollution costs caused by the economy of Guangdong Province, analyzing the root causes of the deficiencies and problems in environmental damage cost control in Guangdong Province, and proposing methods to effectively control the costs of air, water, solid waste, and polluted environment. The results of the study provide a new direction and basis for future industrial pollution control in Guangdong Province and take into account both social and economic benefits.

Agricultural trade and its impacts on cropland use and the global loss of species habitat

Agricultural expansion and intensification are threatening biodiversity worldwide, and future expansion of agricultural land will exacerbate this trend. One of the main drivers of this expansion is an increasingly global trade of agricultural produce. National and international assessments tracking the impact of agriculture on biodiversity thus need to be expanded by a consumption-based accounting of biodiversity loss. In this study, we use global trade data, provided by the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO), to construct national trade profiles for 223 countries, at the level of 191 produced items and over the timespan of 15 years. We show how bilateral trade data and a national biodiversity indicator, the Species Habitat Index (SHI), can be combined to quantify consumption-based impacts of agricultural trade on biodiversity. We found that the cropland area for agricultural trade has increased from 17 (in 2000) to 23.5% (in 2013) of the global total cropland area. Especially, countries in Western Europe, North America, and the Middle East, create a large part of their biodiversity footprint outside their own country borders, because they import large amounts of agricultural products from areas where the SHI records high biodiversity loss. With our approach, we can thus identify countries where consumption-based interventions might be most effective for the protection of global biodiversity. Analyses like the one presented in this study are needed to complement territorial sustainability assessments. By taking into account trade and consumption, they can inform cross-border agreements on biodiversity protection.

Energy and exergy analysis of an integrated photovoltaic module and two-stage thermoelectric generator system

To fully utilize the solar energy captured by the photovoltaic module (PVM) and improve its performance, a coupled system consisting of a PVM, the solar selective absorber (SSA) and the two-stage thermoelectric generator (TTEG) is investigated, where the TTEG considers the Peltier effect, Seebeck effect and Thomson effect. Taking account of the various irreversible losses within the coupled system, the mathematical expressions of energy conversion efficiency, power output, exergy efficiency and exergy destruction rate of the coupled system are established. The numerical results show that the maximum energy efficiency and maximum output power of the coupled system are, respectively, increased by 9.89% and 9.87% compared with a standalone PVM, and the maximum exergy efficiency is 10.4% higher than a standalone PVM. Finally, through sensitivity analysis, it can be seen that the coupled system is affected by several key parameters, including the diode ideality factor, thermoelectric elements, solar irradiance, and PVM operating temperature, so the coupled system can be improved by adjusting these parameters. The results of this paper may provide a new insight into the design and optimization of an actual coupled system.