Loss Account Research Articles

Sustainability accounting research over three decades: A scientometric meta‐analysis

AbstractAs organizations worldwide face increasing pressure to integrate sustainability into their core principles, the need for robust sustainability accounting practices has never been more crucial. This study takes on the challenge by mapping out the intellectual structure of sustainability accounting research domain. Using a mix of scientometric analysis of 1702 articles and in‐depth content analysis of 122 key works spanning more than 30 years from 1991 to 2024, the study unveils the past, present, and future of this vital field. Intricate domain visualizations were created utilizing CiteSpace software revealing networks of co‐authorship, keywords, subject categories, institutions, and countries committed to research on sustainability accounting, including co‐citation and cluster analysis. Results revealed research production concentrated in developed nations, highlighting the urgency for increased focus on this topic within developing and emerging countries. The network structure indicated a scarcity of global collaboration particularly at the company level. The central themes of sustainability accounting, identified through cluster analysis and examination of highly co‐cited documents, encompass sustainability management accounting, life cycle assessment, carbon accounting, national accounts, climate policy, and ecosystem accounting, playing a significant role in shaping its landscape and ongoing evolution. Six relevant emerging themes were identified from in‐depth content analysis of recent literature in the management domain, comprising the role of accountants in mitigating climate risk, rethinking accounting for planetary boundaries, biodiversity loss and extinction accounting, sustainability assurance, technological advancements, and other miscellaneous themes. This study carries significant implications for a diverse array of stakeholders, including policymakers, organizations, society, and academics.

Higher Education Institutions’ Credit Loss Recognition

The current expected credit loss (CECL) accounting guidance represents a forward-looking methodology for determining credit loss provisions by private colleges and universities’ lending activities beginning with fiscal year 2023-2024. The discussion presents information regarding the types and amounts of lending activities private colleges and universities engage in and the rationale of their lending programs. Provisions of the accounting guidance together implementation decisions, processes, and disclosures are part of the review. The study concludes with the accounting guidance’s impact on higher education fiscal decision making, financial reporting, and the ramifications of the guidance to provide useful information to both higher education management and financial statement users.

Establishment of Donation Program Facilities (DPF) as a Sustainability Strategy Ensuing Social Transformation

Food and non-food donation is a considerable attempt to reduce wastage in the establishments. In the Philippines, wastage is being addressed by resorting to donation activities, yet not all donors consider the entirety of the impoverished population. To set up a centralized food and non-food donation program facility in every city and municipality backed up by sufficient information, this research project was proposed and conducted. Food Loss and Waste Accounting and Reporting Standard (or FLW Standard) revealed a considerable amount of food waste generated monthly in supermarkets and markets. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) forecasted the intention to participate in the program as impacted by behavior toward the probability of the outcome with acknowledgment of the risks and recompenses. The Learning Framework disclosed the willingness of the communities to participate in the program as determined by the capabilities, perceived benefits, and intentions. The cost-benefit analysis proved that the benefits exceeded the costs of setting up the facility. The institutional readiness in the areas of people; system; technology & infrastructure; and process indicated the ability to respond to changes and adapt to new ways that further determined the delivery of better services, supported by a combination of strong processes, the right people, and the needed infrastructure. Keywords: donation program, reduction of food and non-food wastes, donation program facility, wastage

Exploiting the waste heat in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell with a capacitive salinity/heat engine

For fully utilizing the low-grade waste heat (LGWH) of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), a novel coupled system primarily involving a PEMFC and a capacitive salinity/heat engine (CSHE) is proposed. Based on thermodynamic and electrochemical theories, mathematical formulas of the power output, efficiency, and exergy efficiency are deduced accounting for the significant irreversible losses within the coupled system. The superiority is expounded by contrasting the generic performance characteristics of the sub-systems and the coupled system. In addition, numerical results demonstrate that the maximal power output density and its corresponding efficiency and exergy efficiency of the coupled system enhanced by 11.43%, 12.75%, and 9.96%, respectively, over the PEMFC alone under the same operating conditions. Furthermore, the impacts of some parameters, for instance, proton exchange membrane (PEM) thickness, the PEMFC working temperature and working pressure, electric charge density ratio, charging cut-off voltage, and Stern layer distance, on the coupled system performance are meticulously discussed. The results of the study may supply a reference for the design and operation of such a salinity gradient energy recovery system and create a new pathway for recycling LGWH from PEMFC.

High-frequency monitoring during rainstorm events reveals nitrogen sources and transport in a rural catchment

Rural areas lacking essential sewage treatment facilities and collection systems often experience eutrophication due to elevated nutrient loads. Understanding nitrogen (N) sources and transport mechanisms in rural catchments is crucial for improving water quality and mitigating downstream export loads, particularly during storm events. To further elucidate the sources, pathways, and transport mechanisms of N from a rural catchment with intensive agricultural activities during storm events, we conducted an analysis of 21 events through continuous sampling over two rainy seasons in a small rural catchment from the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The results revealed that ammonia-N (NH4+-N) and nitrate-N (NO3−-N) exhibited distinct behaviors during rainstorm events, with NO3−-N accounting for the primary nitrogen loss, its load being approximately forty times greater than that of NH4+-N. Through examinations of the concentration-discharge (c-Q) relationships, the findings revealed that, particularly in prolonged rainstorms, NH4+-N exhibited source limited pattern (b = −0.13, P < 0.01), while NO3−-N displayed transport limited pattern (b = −0.21, P < 0.01). The figure-eight hysteresis pattern was prevalent for both NH4+-N and NO3−-N (38.1% and 52.0%, respectively), arising from intricate interactions among diverse sources and pathways. For NO3−-N, the hysteresis pattern shifted from clockwise under short-duration rainstorms to counter-clockwise under long-duration rainstorms, whereas hysteresis remained consistently clockwise for NH4+-N. The hysteresis analysis further suggests that the duration of rainstorms modifies hydrological connectivity, thereby influencing the transport processes of N. These insights provide valuable information for the development of targeted management strategies to reduce storm nutrient export in rural catchments.

Energy efficiency as an accelerator to environmental and operational performance

As oil and gas operators continue to enhance and start implementing their plans to meet their regulators’ and customers’ net-zero related demands, the industry should not overlook those low-hanging fruit that will bear results in the short term and, if done well, also contribute to long-term objectives. An effective approach to energy management will contribute to environmental, operational and financial outcomes, by addressing resource scarcity and price volatility, delivering on licence-to-operate considerations, complying with regulations, and delivering a competitive advantage through greater efficiency and enhanced reputation. Key considerations are as follows. Data quality: fuel, power, steam, condensate balances will highlight data gaps and inconsistencies. Energy usage: inefficiencies in operations such as boilers, turbines, as well as systemic issues, such as cycle efficiency and steam and condensate losses, can be identified. Emissions monitoring and reporting: clear and consistent data about fuel and power consumption directly feeds into greenhouse gas corporate reporting schemes. Quality assurance of monitoring and reporting processes: review and challenge dashboards and reports for completeness, accuracy and clarity. Management operating system: redesign management processes to improve workflows and optimise operations. Loss accounting: Production and Energy Loss Accounting (PELA) improves staff collaboration and effectively tackles hidden losses. In this paper, dss+ will share how, using a mix of operational efficiencies and capex, an integrated oil and gas company active in 30 countries identified potential to reduce its emissions by 38 m tonnes of CO2 leading to over US$6 m in savings per annum over 4 years for just four of its assets.

Potential analysis of a perovskite solar cell-thermally regenerative electrochemical cycles/refrigerators hybrid system

To efficiently harness the low-grade heat sources, a novel solar-driven integrated system that combines perovskite solar cell (PSC) with thermally regenerative electrochemical cycles/refrigerators (TRECs-TRERs) is constructed. Based on thermodynamic analysis and electrochemical theory, the mathematical correlation between the PSC output voltage and the TRECs-TRERs operating current is determined. Taking full account of major irreversible losses, mathematical expressions are then deduced to calculate the critical indicators. For the proposed model, numerical calculations indicate that the maximum power output capacity and maximum efficiency are 239.58 Wm−2 and 23.95%, respectively, which are 35.61% and 35.64% greater than those of the stand-alone PSC module. In contrast to other coupled systems based on TRECs-TRERs, more performance gains are achieved in the proposed system. Finally, exhaustive sensitivity analyses are executed to elucidate the dependency of systemic performance upon key design parameters and operational variables. Overall, the findings of this study may contribute to the ongoing efforts in optimizing and designing advanced solar power systems.

Successes and lessons learned from a mobile health behavior intervention to reduce pain and improve health in older adults with obesity and chronic pain: a qualitative study.

Chronic pain is a prevalent issue among older adults in the United States that impairs quality of life. Physical activity has emerged as a cost-effective and non-pharmacological treatment for chronic pain, offering benefits such as improved physical functioning, weight loss, and enhanced mood. However, promoting physical activity in older individuals with chronic pain is challenging, given the cyclical relationship between pain and sedentary behavior. The Mobile Intervention to Reduce Pain and Improve Health (MORPH) trial was designed as an innovative, mobile health (mHealth) supported intervention to address this issue by targeting daylong movement, weight loss, and mindfulness to manage pain in older adults with chronic multisite pain. The objective of this paper is to provide the result of a qualitative analysis conducted on post-intervention interviews with MORPH participants. At the conclusion of the MORPH study, 14 participants were interviewed regarding their experience with the program. All interviews were conducted by phone before being transcribed and verified. A codebook of significant takeaways was created based on these accounts. Summaries were further synthesized into themes using the principles of thematic analysis. Three key themes of the MORPH intervention emerged from the qualitative interviews: MORPH technology (smart scales, Fitbit, MORPH Companion App) facilitated program adherence and accountability; MORPH intervention components (food tracking and mindfulness activities) facilitated program adherence and awareness, respectively; and, group meetings provided motivational support and accountability. Mobile health technologies, including a dedicated MORPH app, facilitated self-monitoring strategies, helped to break the cycle of old habits, and provided participants with immediate feedback on successes; however, technical issues required timely support to maintain engagement. Food tracking contributed to adherence and accountability for weight loss. Mindfulness activities increased participants' awareness of anxiety provoking thoughts and pain triggers. Finally, social support via group meetings and connection, played a crucial role in behavior change, but participants noted consistency in the delivery medium was essential to fostering genuine connections. Overall, the study results highlight the key considerations related to program technology, intervention components, and the value of social support that can help to guide the development of future interventions similar to MORPH.

Accounting Standards in India: Operational Issues

Accounting standards were primarily developed to provide more transparency in business operations and to ensure accurate reporting that supports wise decision-making. Together with these things, accounting ideas, techniques, and principles changed. Accountability standards are really more than just a framework; they are fundamentally similar to legislation. In order to resolve disputes between parties with disparate interests, accounting standards are also crucial. An essential mediator in settling conflicting interests is accounting standards. Accounting standards are regarded with legitimacy by many interest groups. They work to guarantee that readers of financial statements are provided with accurate information about the company. Malignancy of this includes the many instances of business scams in which investors were conned out of crores of rupees, levies were fined, and embezzlement was permitted. Because of all of this, changes to the standards were necessary to make them more informative and tone-regulating. Amending related legislation was required by these revisions. A thorough knowledge of whether the account is in line with materiality, transparency, complete exposure, and operational support is required. From a business standpoint, accounting standards are evaluated for their efficacy in promoting transparency via exposure and accuracy in reporting. In order to assist stakeholders' decision-making and provide functional support for the firm, corporate financial statements (profit and loss account and balance sheet) needed to be made visible and efficient. The present research looks at the accounting standard revisions from the perspectives of company registers, cost accountants, and chartered accountants. Professionals, the experimenter examines their viewpoints about the efficacy of accounting standard change. This makes the research relevant.

Weight changes from early to middle adulthood and cardiometabolic multimorbidity later in life among middle-aged and older adults: a retrospective cohort study from the NHANES 1999-2018.

Weight gain in adulthood can influence the development of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. It is speculated that weight gain is related to cardiometabolic multimorbility (CMM). This study was designed to examine the relationships between weight changes from early to middle adulthood and the risk of CMM. Data of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2018 cycles were analyzed in the present study. Weights at age 25 years and 10 years before recruitment were self-reported and were used to define five weight change patterns including stable normal, maximum overweight, obesity to non-obesity, non-obesity to obesity, and stable obesity patterns. Meanwhile, absolute weight changes were classified into five groups: weight loss≥ 2.5 kg, weight change within 2.5 kg, 2.5 kg≤ weight gain < 10.0 kg, 10.0 kg≤ weight gain < 20.0 kg, and weight gain≥ 20.0 kg. CMM was defined as the coexistence of two or three of diabetes, coronary heart disease (CHD), and stroke. A total of 25,994 participants were included. Across adulthood, compared to stable normal weight, maximal overweight, obesity to non-obesity, non-obesity to obesity, and stable obesity were consistently associated with increased risks of diabetes, CHD, and CMM. For instance, stable obesity was respectively related to 358.0% (HR: 4.58, 95% CI: 4.57, 4.58), 88.0% (HR: 1.88, 95% CI: 1.88, 1.88), and 292.0% (HR: 3.92, 95% CI: 3.91, 3.92) higher risks of diabetes, CHD, and CMM. Meanwhile, any account of weight loss and gain was linked to higher risks of diabetes, CHD, and CMM than weight change within 2.5 kg. However, participants with maximum overweight had a decreased incidence of stroke (HR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.85, 0.86), and weight loss ≥ 2.5 kg and weight gain ≥ 2.5 and <20 kg were also related to a lower risk of stroke. J-shaped or U-shaped associations of absolute weight changes with the risks of diabetes, CHD, and CMM were observed. Maintaining a stable normal weight can benefit more from the prevention of diabetes, CHD, and CMM. Both weight gain and loss across adulthood were accompanied by increased risks of diabetes, CHD, and CMM.

Dementia in the Ancient Greco-Roman World Was Minimally Mentioned.

The possibility that Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) is a modern disease arises from the minimal mention of advanced cognitive decline by ancient Greeks and Romans, who were mainly concerned with the physical frailties of older ages. Because standard medical histories of elderly health lacked mention of cognitive decline, we examined texts by Greek and Roman authors that mentioned memory loss and dementia. Primary texts of Greco-Roman authors, 8th century BCE into the 3rd century CE, that mentioned cognitive decline were identified and critically evaluated. Secondary sources were excluded. No ancient account of cognitive loss is equivalent to modern clinical data. The term dementia was occasionally used in antiquity, but not invariably linked to old age. Ancient Greeks and Romans expected intellectual competence beyond age 60. While some memory loss was acknowledged, we found only four accounts of severe cognitive loss that might represent ADRD. The possibility of modest ADRD prevalence in ancient Greece and Rome is consistent with its low prevalence in the Tsimane of Bolivia. These contemporary Amerindians live under conditions of high mortality from frequent infections and minimal cardiovascular disease with physically demanding lives. Tsimane after age 60 had increased mild cognitive impairment; the few cases of dementia were not clinically consistent with AD. The modern 'epidemic level' of advanced dementias was not described among ancient Greco-Roman elderly. The possible emergence of advanced ADRD in the Roman era may be associated with environmental factors of air pollution and increased exposure to lead. Further historical analysis may formulate critical hypotheses about the modernity of high ADRD prevalence.

Comparison of aerosol spectrometers : accounting for evaporation and sampling losses

Measuring aerosol size distribution with precision is critical to understand the transmission of pathogens causing respiratory illnesses and to identify risk mitigation strategies. It is however a challenging task as the size of pathogen-carrying particles evolves over time due to evaporation. Although measurement techniques well established in the field of aerosol science are often used to characterize bioaerosols, their performance is seldom assessed with respect to evaporation and deposition in sampling lines. Four instruments providing aerosol size distribution were compared using oil and water-based particles. They each rely on different measurement principles: phase doppler anemometry, light scattering, electrical mobility and aerodynamic impaction. Size distributions of oil-based particles showed consistency across different measurement instruments, but significant discrepancies arose for water-based particles undergoing evaporation. These larger differences result from both evaporation and particle deposition in transit between the sampling point and the measurement inside the instrument. Phase doppler anemometry was best suited for precise size distribution measurement, as it eliminates the need for a sampling line, thereby preventing particle loss or evaporation during transit. With this instrument as a reference, empirical correction factors for evaporation and deposition were derived from dimensionless numbers and experimental data, enabling quantitative assessment of bioaerosol size distribution using different instruments. To obtain the size distribution at the source of the aerosol generation, complete drying of a salt solution was performed. Using the complete drying technique and accounting for losses, sampling instruments can reliably provide this critical information and allow for thorough risk assessment in the context of airborne transmission.

A Minimal Capabilities-Based Account of Loss and Damage

ABSTRACT The topic of loss and damage has generated contentious debates in international policymaking and climate negotiations. Up until now, political agreements have been possible because of the use of ambiguous language in defining loss and damage. However, with the agreement of creating a specific fund for loss and damage reached in the last COP27, the need to define loss and damage becomes more pressing. This definition will not only determine to whom the funds will flow, but also what kind of measures will be funded. This paper contributes to clarifying these two issues. First, it proposes what should count, minimally, as loss and damage by specifying a minimal account of loss and damage based on the capabilities approach. This minimal account develops and justifies an ex-post perspective on loss and damage that is coherent with the UNFCCC discourse. Moreover, it proposes to differentiate between economic damage, non-economic losses, and non-economic damage. Second, it proposes a variety of reparative measures (material and symbolic) that should be implemented in response to different forms of loss and damage.

Book summary: Management Handbook for Advertising Agencies

Management Handbook for Advertising Agencies (written by Pablo Medina Aguerrebere and Ignasi Ferrer Lorenzo) This book aims to help experts in advertising working in agencies to reinforce their skills in economics, business, and management. The book includes two main parts. The first one includes eleven chapters that focus on some of the most important aspects determining their advertising agencies’ business models: economic system, productivity, entrepreneurship, budget control, growth strategies, financial resources, relationships with stakeholders, business models, income and expenses, profit and loss account, accounting, contracts with clients, client profitability, human resources management, expansion plans, and value chain. Concerning the second part of this book, the authors propose several case studies about business, management, and economics in advertising agencies to help readers apply the theoretical inputs and learn how to solve real-life problems that affect these companies.

“A Volume of Manuscript Poems &amp;c”: Phillis Wheatley Peters's Lost Book and a Found Proposal

This essay revisits the history of Phillis Wheatley Peters's “volume of manuscript poems &amp;&amp;.,” a collection of handwritten poems, which her husband, John Peters, advertised for its return in late 1784, just days after her death. Since no second volume of poems was published, and the manuscript has never been recovered, it has been presumed to be and lamented as lost. By taking stock of what is known about PWP's archive at the time of her death and the process of its painstaking recovery, I seek to temper this account of destruction and loss by calling attention to the discoveries of librarians, scholars, and collectors in the nearly two and half centuries since her death. It is in this spirit of continuing and collaborative recovery that this essay contributes new evidence about a final, posthumous proposal for a collection of PWP's poems and letters, printed over a five-week period, in July and August 1791, in Thomas's Massachusetts Spy; Or, the Worcester Gazette, a proposal that provides a clearer picture of PWP's archive as it existed at her death, and that can guide future recovery work.

Loss Accounting Practices among Takjil Sellers Grounded in Local Cultural And Religious Values

This study aims to formulate loss accounting practices by takjil sellers based on local cultural values. This research uses a qualitative method. This study uses an Islamic ethnomethodological approach with five data analysis stages: charity, knowledge, faith, revelation, and courtesy. The results of the study found two ways for takjil sellers to avoid losses: distributing the remaining takjil merchandise for free to neighbors and family and giving bonuses. This loss accounting practice is conditional on the value of sharing, among others. Within the Islamic culture of Gorontalo, elders commonly impart this principle using the expression "lumadu diila o'onto, bo wolu-woluwo," which signifies the presence of something unseen yet still existing. The meaning is that this expression teaches that in life, don't just chase what is visible but also look for something that is invisible but exists. The value of sharing among others is living with the spirit of seeking sustenance that God blesses. This research contributes to the existence of local wisdom value-based loss accounting practices. The conclusion from the findings of this research is that takjil sellers practice loss accounting, which is not limited to material (money) but is conditional on non-material values in the form of local wisdom and religiosity.

Harmonizing Loss Accounting with Local Cultural and Religious Principles

This research aims to construct loss accounting practices by "binthe biluhuta" sellers based on local wisdom and religious values. This study uses a spiritual paradigm with an Islamic ethnomethodological approach. This approach develops modern ethnomethodology under a secular (interpretive) paradigm. The author conducted observations and interviews with residents to obtain local cultural data. The data obtained was validated using the source triangulation method. The study found that sharing, among others, is a seller's way of avoiding losses. In Gorontalo's Islamic culture, elders often convey these values through advice dilla bo ilaato binthe wawu pale—the meaning of the family statement. The results of this study indicate that the loss accounting implemented by binthe biluhuta sellers is not limited to material things (money) but conditions with local cultural values and faith in the Creator. The theoretical implication of the results of this study is that local wisdom contained in loss accounting implemented by binthe biluhuta sellers can be combined with loss accounting theory to make it more holistic. The concept of loss accounting by binthe biluhuta can be used by sellers with a materialist, humanist, and religious spirit when building a business.

Reflection of Local Cultural Values behind Loss Accounting Practices by Ilabulo Sellers

the practice of loss accounting by ilabulo traders. Research methodology: This research uses the Islamic paradigm. The approach used is Islamic ethnomethodology. There are five data analysis stages: charity, knowledge, faith, revelation information, and courtesy. Results: The study results show that traders avoid losses by distributing the leftover ilabulo to the local community for free. This accounting practice is conditional on the value of patience. In the Islamic culture of Gorontalo, the elders often internalize the value of patience through lumadu "mopo'o tanggalo duhelo" The meaning of this expression is the whole of patience. The implication of this research is to present the concept of loss accounting based on local wisdom values. Limitations: The limitation of this research lies in the informants who have yet to provide information from the cultural experts. Contribution: The contribution of this research is that it can provide deeper insights into the local cultural values that influence the accounting practices of ilabulo traders. This can help us understand how culture plays a significant role in local-level accounting decision-making. Furthermore, the results of this research can be used to develop an accounting model that is more in line with the culture and local context of ilabulo traders. This can assist in designing more relevant and sustainable accounting practices.

Experimental and Numerical Investigations of Steam Expansion Rate in Low Pressure Steam Turbine

Abstract This study focused on the expansion rate of steam; the effect on efficiency was investigated experimentally and numerically by varying the expansion rate of steam in the stage, where condensation occurs by varying the flowrate and inlet temperature using a five-stage model steam turbine. The steam expansion rate of the stator blades in each stage was evaluated from the measured wall pressure and total pressure. In addition, the turbine efficiency was evaluated from the measured torque and mass flowrate, and the effect of flowrate and condensing stage can be taken into account for losses caused by condensation. In addition, numerical calculations to account for the effects of nonequilibrium condensation were performed using ANSYS CFX. The numerical calculations were able to show the details of the nucleation situation and the resulting changes in flow patterns. Numerical evaluation of the subcooling loss showed that there was no difference in subcooling loss between different mass flow rates. The steam expansion rate was evaluated from the measurement results, and it was found that there was no difference in the steam expansion rate due to differences in mass flowrate. This corresponds to the numerical result that the subcooling loss does not vary with flowrate.

Application of Synthetic Taxonomic Measures to Assess the Investment Attractiveness of the Selected Companies in the Construction Materials Industry Listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange

The study used the synthetic taxonomic measure TMAI and BZW to determine whether the fundamental strength of 17 companies from the construction material industry listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange affects their investment performance. Companies whose operations are conducted mainly in Poland and whose profit and loss account is prepared in the calculation system were selected for the study. It was checked how the use of different methods of aggregation of the same diagnostic variables (with and without a pattern) affects the classification results. Investment efficiency was measured with the annual, logarithmic rate of return and the created rankings of companies for the years 2016-2021 were compared with it.