Los Alamos National Laboratory Research Articles

The impact of social media as teaching and learning tool on higher education: A case study of Van Hien University

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused universities to switch from traditional to online teaching and learning methods. As a result, social media has gradually become prominent as a teaching and learning resource in universities. Vietnamese universities and institutes recognize the potential of social media as a powerful tool for promotion and teaching. This study examines the positive impact of social media use on (a) enhancing teaching and learning in universities, (b) motivating and supporting students, and (c) developing community connections and assesses limitations of social networks in student learning within the university context. A qualitative approach with explicitly utilizing in-depth interviews was employed to collect data from ten lecturers and 19 students of all faculties of Van Hien University. The results of this case study have shown the positive effects of social media: enriching the teaching and learning experience in higher education by inspiring and supporting student as well as promoting community connections. Integrating social media as a teaching and learning tool in higher education is part of the modern educational landscape.

Confronting misconceptions of public housing communities: A qualitative report of community-informed narratives by community members and partners.

Objectives were (a) to understand a community-informed narrative, as told by community members (CMs) and community partners (CPs), about the strengths, experiences, and perspectives of public housing communities; and (b) to analyze similarities and differences between CMs' and CPs' experiences and perspectives. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 22 CMs of public housing (ages 26-58, 100% female caregivers, 96% Black, 4% multiethnic) and 43 CPs (ages 28-78, 67.4% female, 81.4% Black and African American). Four themes were derived from the CM and CP interviews: (1) counters to public narratives, (2) disinvestment begets disinvestment, (3) community conditions should be better, and (4) community cohesion and connection. Findings from this study present community-centered narratives and experiences that were counter to stereotyped public narratives and could influence public perceptions and behavior to inform policy changes related to improving living conditions and supporting CMs in public and low-income housing communities.

Esports in Emerging Markets: A Balanced Scorecard Approach to LAN Gaming Centers in Iran

Esports, competitive video gaming competitions, are becoming increasingly popular worldwide, with their growth in emerging markets contingent on local area network (LAN) gaming centers. LAN gaming centers are integral in emerging economies as they provide access to gaming technology and infrastructure that may be otherwise unavailable. Given their importance, the purpose of our study is to identify characteristics relevant to LAN gaming center operations within the context of an emerging market. We conducted a two-phase, multimethod analysis of LAN gaming centers in Iran, an emerging yet dynamic market. In the first phase, we used a balanced scorecard (BSC) approach to identify business factors salient to LAN gaming center operations. In the second phase, we collected data from LAN gaming center consumers (N = 330) to rank the factors by importance using a multi attribute decision-making (MADM) model. We found that business factors relevant to LAN gaming centers operations include: offering a variety of services, providing attractive and modern facilities, employing sports marketing methods, monitoring competition, and developing multiple streams of revenue. via the BSC, our research offers strategic recommendations for LAN gaming centers. LAN gaming centers provide access to modern gaming technology and help consumers overcome technological limitations by providing a physical space for esports. LAN gaming centers help create a sense of community and social connection for players and fans alike and facilitate how consumers in emerging markets connect with the global esports community.

Grieving “The Death of Possibility”: Memorable Messages of (Dis)Enfranchised Loss in Invisible, Physical Illness

ABSTRACT Guided by theories of communicative disenfranchisement (TCD) and memorable messages (ToMM), this study analyzes 60 open-ended survey responses detailing experiences of grief following the onset of invisible, physical illness (e.g. chronic overlapping pain conditions, autoimmune rheumatic diseases). Employing reflexive thematic analysis, we identify (1) illness-related losses that are disenfranchised by discourses surrounding grief and (2) opportunities to enfranchise these losses via memorable messages. Situated at two points in time, before and after the onset of illness, we identify disenfranchised losses as what once was (e.g. physical [in]dependence, relational connection, images of self, and trust in institutions) and what will never be (e.g. family planning and career dreams). Next, we identify opportunities to disrupt this disenfranchisement through memorable messages of presence (e.g. nonverbal acknowledgment and verbal expressions of belief) and finding the fit (e.g. physical restructuring and community connection). In doing so, we extend theoretical understanding of both memorable messages, in the form that they can take (of experience) and as points of (dis)enfranchisement, and communicative (dis)enfranchisement. This study contributes to a growing body of health communication research on disenfranchising experiences in chronic illness by highlighting a resulting experience of illness not often talked about – illness-related loss and its grief process. Theoretical and practical implications, as well as limitations and future directions, are discussed.

PROMOTERS AND OBSTACLES OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT IN A MERGED HE INSTITUTION FROM THE UAS STAFF POINT OF VIEW

<p>Universities and universities of applied sciences form the higher education sector in Finland. New HE communities in which both sectors cooperate were formed in the latest reform. Our interest is in community feeling and connectedness taking place inside four such new organisations. The research question is: which are the promoters of and obstacles to communality in merged higher education institutions in Finland from the university of applied sciences staff´s point of view? The data is gathered from 42 key persons. The analysis is done in a qualitative way. As promoters, we found spaces, dignity, shared goals, and action. The obstacles were haste, lack of trust, unfamiliarity, and use of spaces. Spaces seem to play a big role: they serve as promoters and obstacles. They can serve as a source for recognition and one´s meaningful share but also as a place to get to know each other and promote action towards goals. And vice versa. Anyway, feeling connectedness is an important source for creating social identity.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0049/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

O.3.3-5 Is parkrun an equitable health intervention? A qualitative study exploring how a free, weekly, community-based physical activity initiative engages with underrepresented groups in the UK

Abstract Purpose Underrepresented groups face unique and complex barriers to community-based physical activities. This study used the worldwide initiative parkrun to explore how it has engaged with underrepresented groups in the UK. It sought to explore the challenges faced by the organisation and its volunteers when striving for equity and outline the inclusive promotion strategies that could be used by parkrun and other community initiatives. Methods Adult parkrun Ambassadors who fulfilled volunteer roles that involved ‘outreach’ to underrepresented groups across the UK were invited. Ten volunteers provided informed consent to be interviewed via telephone in April-July 2021. Interview transcripts were analysed using a thematic approach by the same researcher who conducted the interviews. Ethical approval was received from the University of Sheffield REC. Results The Ambassadors had volunteering experience from two to five or more years. The outreach approaches implemented varied from opportunistic promotion within communities to strategic negotiations at higher decision-making levels. Ambassadors described a community-centred focus that ensured that existing community networks and assets were utilised when promoting parkrun. It was advantageous to identify influential ‘community connectors’ within the target community with power to mobilise others. These could be local people or organisations in more traditional positions of influence e.g., General Practices and schools. The volunteers conveyed many challenges to their attempts to increase engagement in parkrun by underrepresented groups. Limited personal and organisational capacity meant that the reach and impact of engagement was restricted. The Ambassadors would benefit from robust mechanisms for reflecting, evaluating, learning and monitoring progress to better understand what is working (or not) and why. Conclusion parkrun takes a community-centred approach to outreach. Community initiatives like parkrun may benefit from a whole-system approach that is adaptive to local contexts, considers where the greatest opportunities for change are and fosters a learning mindset among those delivering the initiative. The findings only represent the views of ten Ambassadors interviewed and so further collaborative work with people from the underrepresented groups is needed to develop co-produced solutions to equitable participation. Funding Funded by a National Institute for Health Research School for Public Health Research post-doctoral launching fellowship.

O.1.2-6 Music and Movement for Health: an arts-based Intervention to promote health and wellbeing of community dwelling older adults in Ireland

Abstract Purpose The Music and Movement for Health study is a pragmatic cluster-randomised controlled feasibility trial that aims to assess the feasibility of an innovative music and dance intervention that was developed to promote health and wellbeing of community dwelling older adults in Ireland. This study also aims to obtain preliminary data on the effect of the arts-based intervention on health and wellbeing in older adults. Methods One hundred community-dwelling adults aged 65 years or older were recruited across seven clusters in the Mid-West region of Ireland. The seven clusters were randomly allocated to either the intervention group (n = 56, 4 clusters) or the control group (n = 44, 3 clusters). The intervention group participated in the Music and Movement for Health intervention which consisted of a 1.5-hour session and a 1-hour home-based programme weekly for 12-weeks. Music and Movement for Health is a complex intervention developed following the Medical Research Council Framework, co-designed with stakeholders using research evidence and theories to optimise engagement. Participants completed assessments at baseline and after 12 weeks and participated in focus group or interview after their participation. Results The targeted feasibility outcomes including the recruitment rates, the retention rates, attendance, and participation rates were achieved. Randomisation was completed according to the protocol and no safety issues were identified. The outcome measures used were acceptable and feasible for this population. The results on secondary outcomes and process evaluation of this trial are awaited. Conclusion This research strives to strengthen collaborative efforts to implement effective, sustainable and cost-effective programmes for older adults to support community connection, enhancing health and wellbeing, in turn reducing demands on the healthcare system. To our knowledge, Music and Movement for Health is the first evidence-based arts intervention that has incorporated music therapy with dance to improve health and wellbeing of community dwelling older adults. Feasibility results demonstrate that Music and Movement for Health is feasible, acceptable and safe for community dwelling older adults in the Mid-West region of Ireland.

Pride and protests: a mixed-methods examination of LGBTQ + activism and well-being

Background. LGBTQ+ activism may provide sexual and gender minorities (SGMs) with psychological benefits, buffering minority stressors. Method. In the current study, SGM adults (N = 527) completed a mixed-methods survey, assessing participation in LGBTQ+ activism and associated outcomes. Results. Most participants reported prior activism, including organizational involvement, attending Pride events, and educating others. Most participants indicated positive effects of activism and significantly higher well-being. Barriers to participation included outness, disability, and a lack of community acceptance; lack of participation was related to feelings of guilt and lack of community connection. Conclusions. Activism may be one avenue for SGMs to build resilience while resisting oppression.

Onboarding and Knowledge Sharing: Cases From the Netherlands and Norway

Whereas some organizations struggled and had to let staff due to the COVID-19 pandemic, others had to expand to keep their business running. In this case, new employees had to be onboarded remotely due to the governmental restrictions regarding physical appearance in the workplace. The newcomers needed interactions to learn about organizational rules and regulations (compliance) and develop personal mastery (Clarification). To adopt and internalize the organizational norms and values (culture) and to become part of the work community (connection) interactions with leaders and co-workers are important. In this paper, we focus on the onboarding process of newcomers during the COVID-19-pandemic and what we can learn from this after the COVID-19 pandemic. By building on Bauer’s 6C framework for onboarding (compliance, clarification, culture, connection, confidence and checkback), we analyse the data from two countries: the Netherlands and Norway. Two main themes are elaborated from the study: uncertainty regarding the work to be done and sensemaking of the introductory courses and follow-ups. We discuss possible implications for a post-Covid onboarding processes. Our findings show that the newcomers experience uncertainty with little or no personal contact. At the same time, they claim that the e-learning is supporting their learning process and their introduction to the organization. The perception of information varies and some of the newcomers’ experience solitude and the responsibility of actively seeking information is placed with them, whilst others perceive the team designated for their onboarding sufficient to becoming a full member of the organization.

Onboarding and Knowledge Sharing: Cases from the Netherlands and Norway

Whereas some organizations struggled and had to let staff due to the COVID-19 pandemic, others had to expand to keep their business running. In this case, new employees had to be onboarded remotely due to the governmental restrictions regarding physical appearance in the workplace. The newcomers needed interactions to learn about organizational rules and regulations (compliance) and develop personal mastery (Clarification). To adopt and internalize the organizational norms and values (culture) and to become part of the work community (connection) interactions with leaders and co-workers are important. In this paper, we focus on the onboarding process of newcomers during the COVID-19-pandemic and what we can learn from this after the COVID-19 pandemic. By building on Bauer’s 6C framework for onboarding (compliance, clarification, culture, connection, confidence and checkback), we analyse the data from two countries: the Netherlands and Norway. Two main themes are elaborated from the study: uncertainty regarding the work to be done and sensemaking of the introductory courses and follow-ups. We discuss possible implications for a post-Covid onboarding processes. Our findings show that the newcomers experience uncertainty with little or no personal contact. At the same time, they claim that the e-learning is supporting their learning process and their introduction to the organization. The perception of information varies and some of the newcomers’ experience solitude and the responsibility of actively seeking information is placed with them, whilst others perceive the team designated for their onboarding sufficient to becoming a full member of the organization.

Making Progress Through Disagreement: Meeting Residents Where They Are on Climate Change

Abstract While Americans do not agree about climate change, what to do to overcome this disagreement is a topic of debate. Climate communications researchers warn that messaging must overcome the challenges of communicating scientific information to lay audiences, the uncertainty of scientific predictions, and the massive scale of climate change to be effective at mobilizing a population. Such work focuses on “top-down” communication of what the scientific reality of climate change requires of citizens: how to get them in line with what needs to happen to prevent catastrophic change. In this article, I document how nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and community-based climate organizations (CBOs) make progress on climate action by dialoguing with their constituents and building on preexisting community connections. I argue that, instead of focusing on achieving climate consensus, these organizations rely on narratives around the local experience of environmental disruption to mobilize communities.

Whole person care: Outcomes from a 5-year care model integrating primary care into a behavioral health clinic.

Integrated mental and physical health care has the potential to improve health outcomes. A behavioral health organization established a reverse integration program site using a co-located model to provide primary care services to patients receiving behavioral health services. We ask whether this model of co-located care was effective in improving a range of physical health outcomes for clients. This program was funded with a grant from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Primary and Behavioral Health Care Integration. Patients received services in a community mental health setting that embedded primary care services. The population included adult patients with mental illness, substance use disorder (SUD), or co-occurring medical diagnoses in an urban setting. Just under half of the patients identified as non-White, and over one quarter identified as Hispanic. These characteristics demonstrate a medically complex and underserved population. This description and exploratory analysis utilized National Outcome Measures data and clinical health measures from electronic health records. We stratified data by SUD and mental illness diagnoses. We measured changes in health outcomes for this complex population of 532 patients from 2015 to 2019. From enrollment to last visit, patient outcomes improved for blood pressure and cholesterol. Conversely, waist circumference and breath carbon monoxide levels significantly worsened. This reverse integration co-location program demonstrates that positive health outcomes can be achieved through evidence-based care, adaptable clinic arrangements, and robust community connections and support. More work is needed to generate positive health outcomes in medically complex patients. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

‘Nowhere else in the prison was that possible!’: Directors’ perspectives on instrumental music programmes in US prisons

This study sought to gain an understanding of: (a) the formation and operation of four instrumental music programmes active in prisons between 1973 and 2020 and (b) the meanings ascribed to those programmes by their directors and their perceptions of the meanings that incarcerated instrumentalists ascribed to their participation in those groups, focusing on aspects of the programming that might contribute to desistance. Four retired music educators completed an online, open-ended questionnaire, describing their experiences teaching instrumental music in prisons. Using inductive thematic analysis, the following themes in participants’ responses were identified: (a) the importance of support from those in power in starting and running prison-based music programmes; (b) the potential for participation in prison-based instrumental music programmes to help people overcome prejudice and establish community connections; and (c) satisfaction through the development of new abilities among incarcerated musicians. From these findings, I argue that prison-based instrumental music programmes can potentially foster activities and relationships that contribute to social rehabilitation and desistance. Furthermore, the finding that incarcerated musicians reportedly enjoyed a wide array of musical genres and pedagogical approaches invites further discussion about the potential inclusion of different kinds of instrumental music programmes in prison contexts.

The queers are all right: a content analysis of LGBTQIA + mental health on TikTok

The formation of online communities instils a sense of connectedness which can ameliorate the mental health concerns that result from minority stressors for lesbian, gay, queer, intersex, asexual, and other diverse genders/sexualities (LGBTQIA+). The aim of this study was to explore how LGBTQIA + people communicate social and mental health concerns on TikTok. It was anticipated that factors affecting mental health, such as minority stressors and community connectedness, would be addressed by the videos collected. Engagement statistics, demographics and content analysis were used to describe the 50 most-viewed videos across the top five related hashtags: #genderidentity, #lgbtqawareness, #sexualidentity, #lgbtmentalhealth, and #transmentalhealth. The content analysis indicates that TikTok is used as a way for members of the LGBTQIA + community to connect with each other and enhance feelings of community connectedness, which research shows may buffer the effects of minority stressors. Engagement with social media can be especially beneficial for those who may not be able to connect in the real-world. Further interactions, such as analysis of the comment section, should be investigated to develop a fuller understanding of how LGBTQIA + TikTok users respond to these contents.

Application of an evaluation tool for mega-hospital site sustainability. Assessment of public private partnership large sized healthcare infrastructures in European context.

Healthcare facilities are large and complex infrastructures designed to respond to a growing need of sanitary services in specialized environments to serve an increasing population number while containing costs. New financial and design models emerged for large sized Hospital -Facilities (Mega-hospitals) but their site sustainability is questioned. The paper focuses on a comparison -between European region case studies of Public Private Partnership (PPP) Mega-Hospitals. A total of 21 large sized hospitals in operation after 2010 have been compared with the application of the Assessment Tool for -Hospital Site Sustainability (ATHOSS). A specific focus on Turkish Hospitals has been also provided as the PPP model is widely adopted in this country. This analysis shows that Turkish cases gets general lower scores than European ones in terms of Construction Density and Community Connectivity (28%;50%), Alternative Transportation (18%; 50%), Site Development (26%; 38%). Connection to Natural World (30%; 52%) and Heat Island Effect (33%; 43%). Only in Development Density criteria (30%; 16%) the score was higher. It also emerged that gross floor area per bed ratio is much larger for Turkish cases (334m2/bed; 198 m2/bed) which can be interpreted as one of the weaknesses related to oversizing such infrastructures. The tool application highlighted some point of attention to be considered when designing and planning Mega-hospital facilities and improvement strategies for site sustainability are -suggested.

The role of parents, schools, and social media use in influencing civic engagements of school adolescents in government schools in Addis Ababa

The study examined how parents, schools, and social media use influenced civic engagements of school adolescents. It also assessed the mediation role of sense of community and perceived civic competence. Participants were 960 school adolescents (mean age = 17.7, range: 15-19 years; 53.5% females) who were selected using multistage sampling technique. The study employed a correlational design, conducted confirmatory factor analysis, and used structural equation modeling to investigate the direct and indirect (mediated) effects of parental civic socialization, school civic experiences and social media, and independent and combined contributions of predictors on civic engagement. Results have shown that parental civic socialization influenced more on perceived civic competence than sense of community connectedness. School civic experience had a direct influence both on students’ sense of community connectedness and perceived civic competence. The influence of social media use on sense of community and perceived civic competence was not significant. All variables, except school civic experience predicted civic engagement. Parental civic socialization and school civic experience showed statistically significant indirect (mediated) effects on civic engagement, through sense of community and perceived civic competence. Social media use influenced civic engagement directly; however, the mediated effect of sense of community connectedness and perceived civic competence was not statistically significant. Conclusions and recommendations in light of the implications of findings for educational practice and parenting are drawn.

“Justice Becomes Our Agency.” Occupational Therapists in Germany Reflect on Their Practice Processes in and with Communities

Community development and population-oriented approaches are emphasized to advance the occupational therapy profession’s scope of practice to meet the increasing demands created by socio-cultural-political and economic changes. This study explored the practice processes of occupational therapists in community settings outside existing health care structures in Germany. Data was gathered through five individual qualitative interviews and one focus group and analyzed using thematic analysis. Three main themes were identified: navigating parallel processes within the larger context or system; building community connections through occupation; growing professional identity. The utilization of occupational science concepts was essential to work successfully on a community level.

Exploring student community engagement in higher education: A bibliometric analysis on the path to sustainable development

Higher education institutions have seen significant growth in student community engagement initiatives, which act as engines for fostering social justice and fostering civic responsibility. By conducting a thorough bibliometric analysis of the literature on student community engagement programmes in higher education and focusing specifically on exploring the opportunities and challenges associated with sustainable practises, this study seeks to add to the body of knowledge already in existence. Data were taken from the Scopus database and analysed using a variety of bibliometric indicators and network visualisation tools. The analysis's findings provide insight into a number of facets of the field, including publication output, frequently used author keywords, prestigious journals, influential institutions, prolific authors, and national contributions. The study sheds important light on the scholarly work surrounding student community participation programmes in higher education by looking at these factors. The results of this study also highlight the opportunities and issues that must be resolved in order to implement sustainable practices in student community engagement programmes. To ensure such programmes' sustained success and impact, it is important to strengthen interdisciplinary research efforts, cultivate strong community connections, and create long-term sustainability strategies. This study contributes to understanding student community engagement programmes in higher education by exploring the literature through a bibliometric lens, revealing knowledge gaps, highlighting areas for further investigation, and highlighting opportunities for advancement.

Enhanced Durability of Nickel-Based Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) at High Current Densities Using External Stimulation

Hydrogen (H2) is one of the most promising energy carriers for future clean energy production. The cleanest method to produce H2 is by water electrolysis using renewable electricity. Among electrolysis technologies, alkaline water electrolysis (AWE) is significantly cheaper than other techniques. While AWE is cost effective, it suffers from low power densities due to limited electrochemical stability at high current densities. Most stability challenges arise from anode degradation, where the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) occurs. The OER is key to achieve economic viability of AWE and current state-of-the-art electrocatalysts for OER are costly and scarce. Nickel-based catalysts are inexpensive, earth-abundant, and exhibit high OER performance but still exhibit durability challenges under high current densities. While several approaches have been reported to enhance durability of these catalysts, they are often complicated and time-consuming. We present a novel and simple method through which external stimulation can be used to enhance the durability of single metal catalysts. In this work, the durability of nickel-based electrocatalysts for OER under alkaline conditions (1 M NaOH) at high current densities was evaluated as a function of external stimulation in a chemically stable custom electrochemical cell. This cell was fabricated using additive manufacturing (AM), which enabled the direct application of external stimulation onto nickel-based materials in the cell. In addition, the performance of the electrocatalysts at high OER current densities for extended periods of time was measured as a function of various external stimulation parameters. Acknowledgements Financial support from the Los Alamos National Laboratory, Laboratory-Directed Research and Development (LDRD) is gratefully acknowledged. The authors would also like to thank the NNSA Minority Serving Institutes Partnership Program and LANL: Under-Represented Minority Partnership Program for their funding support. References Vij, Varun, et al. "Nickel-based electrocatalysts for energy-related applications: oxygen reduction, oxygen evolution, and hydrogen evolution reactions." Acs Catalysis10 (2017): 7196-7225.Foroughi, Faranak, et al. "Understanding the Effects of Ultrasound (408 kHz) on the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) and the Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) on Raney-Ni in Alkaline Media." Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 84 (2022): 105979.Foroughi, Faranak, et al. "Sonoactivated polycrystalline Ni electrodes for alkaline oxygen evolution reaction." Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 86 (2022): 106013.

The Structure-Performance Relation for Alkaline OER Electrocatalyst Investigated Using Analytical Electron Microscopy

Water electrolysis technology plays a key role in reducing carbon emission by converting renewable energy to clean hydrogen. Among various types of electrolyzers, anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer (AEMWE) receives growing effort of research due to its potential of comparable power density as its counterpart, proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE), while offering less corrosive environment on the oxygen evolution electrode which permits the use of non-noble metal catalysts [1].Nickel-iron oxides/hydroxides are among the most active electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline environment [2]. Recently, aerogel-like Ni-Fe oxides developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory have shown promising performance in AEMWE. The modified sol-gel approach followed by drying under supercritical condition produces high-surface-area oxides which likely contributes to high OER activity with enhanced number of active sites compared to other synthesis methods [3].In this work, we aim to elucidate the structure-performance relation for aerogel-like Ni-Fe oxides. Analytical electron microscopy methods, namely, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) are used to investigate the distribution of Fe in the oxides and the oxidation states of Ni and Fe. The effect of annealing temperature in air on the oxide structure and OER activity has been investigated. Moreover, the structural changes before and after catalyst activation and long-term operation at OER potentials have been studied. Finally, results from analytical electron microscopy have been correlated with X-ray absorption spectroscopy and 57Fe Mossbauer spectroscopy to obtain a comprehensive picture of the oxide composition, especially the chemical environment of Fe.