Loop Of Duodenum Research Articles

The enterolipomicron, a secretion?

Enterolipomicrons, small particles visible in dark field preparations, appear in Thiry loops of duodenum or jejunum on physiological stimulation. Usually, debris consists of desquamating, disintegrating mucosal cells; mucous material is obtained at the same time. The particles differ from the debris in composition and enzyme activity, and their appearance and their composition suggest a cytoplasmic origin. In electron microscope preparations of resting mucosa, similar particles can be seen in large numbers in the cells whereas in vigorously stimulated preparations they are scarce. It is concluded that the centrifugal fraction normally called enterolipomicron consists of a mixture of secretory granules actually secreted and of cytoplasmic microsomal material derived from disintegrating cells. The fraction has considerable enzymatic activity.

The intestinal phase of gastric secretion.

1. In dogs provided with Heidenhain gastric pouches and Thirty‐Vella loops of duodenum and jejunum, gastric secretion was stimulated both by distending the intestinal loop and by perfusion with (a) intestinal chyme or (b) dilute hydrochloric acid or (c) acetylcholine.2. The gastric secretory response was abolished by the prior application to the mucosa of the intestinal loop of 5 per cent procaine solution for 15–30 min., but not by 3 per cent procaine solution.3. The secretory responses to distension and perfusion of the loop with intestinal chyme or dilute acid persisted after denervation of the vascular pedicle of the gastric pouch.4. The secretory responses did not appear for 15‐30 min. after the commencement of mechanical or chemical stimulation of the intestinal loop, and they often persisted for 30–45 min. after cessation of stimulation.5. These findings indicate the existence in the small intestinal mucosa of a hormonal mechanism for the stimulation of gastric secretion by meals.

The Effect of Diet and Cecectomy on the Intestinal Synthesis of Biotin in Mature Fowl

THE need for biotin in reproduction of the domestic fowl was established by Cravens, Sebesta, Halpin and Hart (1942). The abnormalities of biotin deficient embryos have been described by Cravens, McGibbon and Sebesta (1944) and Couch, Cravens, Elvehjem and Halpin (1948a). Couch, et al. (1948b) reported that dextrin favored the intestinal synthesis of biotin while sucrose did not favor such synthesis. Johansson, Sarles and Shapiro (1948) reported that the cecum was found to be the site of the greatest concentration of intestinal microorganisms in mature chickens.Preliminary investigations made in an attempt to establish the site of synthesis revealed that the ceca contained about ten times as much biotin and two times as much riboflavin and niacin as the duodenum loop, the small intestine, or the feces excreted. Couch, et al. (1949) reported that folic acid was found to be about six to eight times as high in the ceca .

The nature of the toxemia of intestinal obstruction. Preliminary report

Confirming the results of previous investigators we found that dogs with an isolated closed loop of duodenum or jejunum die in 48-96 hours, in most cases with perforation of the isolated loop and general peritonitis. But there is usually no excessive vomiting and hence no fatal dehydration of the body tissues. In twenty-five dogs a segment of the jejunum was isolated, washed with ether and sterile water, or sterile salt solution, and both ends closed. Sixteen of the dogs died in 4-6 days, all of them showing perforation of the loop and general peritonitis. The other nine dogs lived indefinitely (some of them to date, 6 months) in good condition. Some of the dogs were examined 1-3 months after the operation. In every case, except one, the loops were found closed, the mucosa normal, some thick fluid in the lumen of the loop containing B. coli and a small coccus. In one dog in good condition examined seven weeks after the operation the loop was found perforated, but there was no peritonitis and the fluid contents of the loop was sterile. When the isolated and closed loops of the jejunum is sterile complete occulusion of the blood vessels to the isolated loop has no effect on the dog, but if the loop is not sterile, the occlusion of the circulation in the loop causes death in 24-48 hours with the usual symptoms of complete intestinal obstruction. In nine dogs a segment of the lower duodenum was isolated, washed with ether and sterile salt solution, and the ends closed. All of these dogs died within 24-48 hours, with the usual symptoms of toxemia. In all cases the loops, on autopsy, were greatly distended, and black, or covered with purple blotches. Four of the loops had perforated.