Loop Pattern Research Articles

Hi‐C analysis in frontal cortex using local ancestry identifies ancestry‐specific chromatin 3D interactions

AbstractBackgroundGenetic risk for Alzheimer Disease (AD) varies across populations with different ancestry. Three‐dimensional (3D) genome architecture regulates gene transcription. Genome‐wide Hi‐C analyses have revealed dynamic 3D genome changes during development and disease progression. The variation of 3D genome architecture on different ancestral background, however, has not been extensively studied, especially at high‐resolution level. Recently, we developed the DeepLoop pipeline enabling robust high‐resolution analysis. We applied DeepLoop to characterize 3D genome architecture in frontal cortex from African American (AA) and European (EU) donors while considering local ancestry (LA) in admixed samples.MethodsHi‐C libraries were constructed and ∼500 million of paired‐end reads were obtained in 8 samples (4 AA and 4EU) that were sex‐matched and homozygous for APOEε4. We partitioned Hi‐C data into compartment A (open and transcriptionally active chromatin) and compartment B (compacted and transcriptionally silenced chromatin). In total, 6206 compartment bins across the genome were compared at a 500kb resolution. DeepLoop was used to call chromatin loop (often represents promoter‐enhancer interaction) at a 5kb‐resolution. LA was calculated using RFMix with SNP‐array data and a reference panel from 1000 Genomes for EU, African (AF) and Amerindian (AI) ancestry.ResultsMost of the A and B compartments were consistent among individuals with only <5% of them switched between AA and EU individuals. The EU samples have slightly (107 bins) more transcriptionally active bins than the AA samples. While many of homozygous LA blocks displayed same chromatin loop pattern between and within ancestries, we did observe ancestry‐specific loop as well as differences between individuals of the same ancestry. Importantly, the presence of heterozygous LA (African/EU) at some loci displayed a composite loop pattern that was present in the same region of homozygous LA of African or EU ancestry.ConclusionThe 3D genome architecture can be variable between different ancestral backgrounds as well as between individuals of the same LA. We hypothesize that admixture of LA can create novel or demolish chromatin interactions observed in the homozygous LA. These data emphasize the importance of LA in identifying the causal loci contributing to AD in admixed population such as AF and Hispanic/Latino.

Evaluation of dermatoglyphics patterns as predisposition factor for occurrence of oral submucous fibrosis: A hospital-based case–control study

Background: One of the key factors in the prevention of the disease is the identification of the risk factors early in life. Based on multifactorial causation of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), apart from habit history, the genetical predisposition may be considered as an important risk factor in the occurrence of OSMF disease. The dermatoglyphic pattern may prove a salient genetic marker for the determination of OSMF as both are having similar intrauterine development period. Objectives: To find out and compare the association between dermatoglyphics and OSMF. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted on total 108 subjects divided in three groups where Group A was subjects with OSMF, Group B was subjects with tobacco related habits but without OSMF, and Group C was healthy controls. Fingerprint patterns of both hands were recorded and classified into whorls, loops and arches. Results: The loop pattern was significantly higher in subjects having OSMF (Group A) as compared Group B and Group C in general as well as for left and right hands. The maximum prominence of loop patterns was noted in the little finger among the subjects with OSMF. Results for subjects with OSMF and without OSMF under five years of having tobacco chewing habits had also clearly demonstrated prominence of loop patterns in the subjects with OSMF. Conclusion: The results of our study show that there is a staunch possibility of genetically determined factors in the form of loop finger prints can be responsible for the occurrence of OSMF.

Measuring the rarity of core-delta distances in fingerprint patterns in the Dutch population.

In latent print examination, a conclusion on an individualization is primarily based on the presence of corresponding minutiae. Depending on the level of correspondence between the minutiae on the fingermark and on the reference print, a match is concluded. However, a fingermark is analyzed on all three levels: general pattern combined with core-delta distance, minutiae, and third-level detail. In the opinion of the authors, next to the conclusion based on minutiae, all information should be included in the final assessment of the evidence if present. In this study, we present the results of frequency data on the combination of fingerprint patterns and their core-delta distances. The frequency data allow examiners to substantiate their subjective opinions on the strength of corresponding patterns and core-delta distances based on measurements. The frequencies of the core-delta distances in this study were obtained by encoding core-delta distances in a collection of more than 20,000 fingerprints containing either a loop or a whorl pattern. The frequencies for the core-delta distances of loop patterns were subsequently compared with data from the National Institute of Standards and Technology. This study will demonstrate that core-delta distances in loop and whorl patterns contribute significantly to the overall evidential strength of fingerprint evidence. By adding pattern and core-delta distance information to the evaluation of fingerprint evidence, more challenging fingermarks could be added to fingerprint case reports.

Continuous verification with acknowledged MAPE-K pattern and time logic-based slicing: A platooning system of systems case study

A system of Systems (SoS) has emerged to achieve goals beyond the capabilities of a single system. Platooning is a representative SoS where vehicles are driven in a group for energy efficiency. A leader of a platoon can control followers, but the followers can also leave the platoon independently. During follower leave, energy efficiency and the independent operation of followers may conflict. To resolve the conflicts of the platooning SoS and operate safe platooning maneuvers, continuous verification of platooning is required. Continuous verification is performed repeatedly in a control loop that allows system monitoring and verification. However, there are two problems in the existing approaches: there are no suitable control loop patterns to support the resilient reconfiguration, and the SoS verification cost is high. We propose an approach, called continuous verification of platooning (CVP), that solves these two problems. CVP includes an acknowledged MAPE-K pattern for resilience and a fast and accurate slicing for low verification costs. The acknowledged MAPE-K pattern and slicing algorithm proposed in the paper can be independently used for other systems and models. In the case of the acknowledged MAPE-K pattern, we applied it to a mass casualty incident response SoS, which is another acknowledged type of SoS in the paper, and showed its effectiveness. Our experiments on CVP showed that the pattern reduced the incidence rate of 10 types of failure by 97.3%, and ensured the leave of followers. We also proved the correctness of slicing and demonstrated experimentally that it reduces the verification costs by 68.62.Editor’s note: Open Science material was validated by the Journal of Systems and Software Open Science Board.

Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Strong, Unsteady Open-Channel Flow

Due to climate change, the intensity of extreme rainfall has been observed to increase with a shorter duration, causing flash floods (strong, unsteady flow) that lead to serious loss of life and economic damage all over the world. In this study, by repeating the same flume experiments twenty times over a bare bed or with a submerged vane installed, the hydrodynamic characteristics of a strong, unsteady open-channel flow were investigated. Acoustic Doppler velocimetry (ADV) was used to measure the instantaneous three-dimensional velocity, and the ensemble average method was then adopted to obtain the time-varying mean flow velocities. Reynolds decomposition was applied to disintegrate the instantaneous velocity to time-varying average velocity and fluctuating velocity. Turbulence characteristics such as turbulent intensity, turbulent bursting, and power spectral density (PSD) were analyzed against water depth variations. The results show that the loop pattern of the streamwise velocity against the water depth variations could significantly affect the turbulence characteristics of unsteady flow. Near the bed, the peaks of the turbulent intensity and the TKE lag behind the peak of the water depth. The PSD revealed that the turbulent energy increases at the rising and falling stages were due to the generation of small-scale turbulence vortices or eddies. As a submerged vane was present, the increase in the angle of attack caused the increase in the turbulent intensity and TKE, which means that the induced vortex became stronger and the wake region was larger. When the angle of attack was equal to 20°, the TKE abruptly enlarged in the falling stages, implying the breaking-up of the induced vortex. The PSD of the transverse fluctuation velocity showed multiple spikes at the high-frequency part, possibly denoting the shedding frequency from the induced vortex. Further downstream, behind the submerged vane, the peak frequencies of the PSD became imperceptible, likely because of the induced vortex decays or other factors such as the turbulence generated from the free surface or the channel bed mixing with the turbulence from the induced vortex.

BEG spin-1 model with random exchange magnetic interactions for spin-crossover solids

We have investigated magnetic phase diagrams of spin-crossover (SCO) solids throughout the Blume–Emery–Griffiths spin-1 model where the spin states ±1 and 0 are associated to high-spin state and low-spin states respectively. In the present work, the quadrupolar interaction, K, parameter depends linearly on temperature and accounts for the role of the lattice phonons in the elastic interactions between the SCO units. Magnetic interactions are randomly distributed in the system and are controlled by a factor such that for γ = 0 (), magnetic ordering is not expected. The crystal-field that acts on SCO sites depends both on the ligand-field strength and the degeneracy ratio between HS and LS states as in some previous works. The system is also under the effect of a random local magnetic field hi acting on each site i. The model is solved using a homogeneous mean field theory. Our investigations reveal the occurrence of thermally-induced gradual, and first-order spin-transitions by varying the model parameters. At vicinity of first-order transition, various types of isothermal magnetic hysteresis loops are obtained and their corresponding coercive field and loop patterns are discussed as function of temperature.

Biomechanical evaluation of three adjunctive methods of orthopedic tension band-wire fixation to augment simulated patella tendon repairs in dogs.

To evaluate the effects of three adjunctive methods of tension band wire fixation (TBWF) on the biomechanical properties, gap formation, and failure mode in simulated canine patella tendon rupture (RPT). Randomized, ex vivo. Paired hindlimbs from 32 dog cadavers. Patellar tendons (PTs) and associated bone-muscle-tendon units were harvested. Each PT was transected then sutured using a core locking loop and simple continuous epitendinous pattern. Each hindlimb was randomly assigned to one of three groups (n = 18 hindlimbs/group) using 18 gauge 316 L wire, anchored to the tibial crest distally, to perform transpatellar, suprapatellar, or combined tension band-wire (TBW) augmentation. Ten hindlimbs were utilized as control specimens. Yield, peak, and failure loads, stiffness, loads to 1 and 3 mm gap formation, and failure mode were evaluated. Combined transpatellar and suprapatellar TBW augmentation was superior to transpatellar or suprapatellar groups alone. Yield (p = .0008), peak (p = .004), and failure loads (p = .005) were greater for the combined group than for the transpatellar (p = .048) and suprapatellar groups (p = .01) respectively. There was no difference regarding the occurrence of 1 or 3 mm gap formation (1 mm, p = .05; 3 mm, p = .06); however, loads required to cause gap formation were greater in the combined group (p = .036). Mode of failure differed between techniques used for PT augmentation (p < .001). Combined transpatellar and suprapatellar adjunctive TBW augmentation for simulated PT repairs was biomechanically superior to either transpatellar or suprapatellar TBWF alone. Combined suprapatellar and transpatellar TBWF may offer a viable surgical option for increased repair-site strength and greater loads to gap formation. Further studies investigating alternative techniques and materials for RPT repair augmentation are warranted.

Generating Loop Patterns with a Genetic Algorithm and a Probabilistic Cellular Automata Rule

The objective is to find a Cellular Automata (CA) rule that can generate “loop patterns”. A loop pattern is given by ones on a zero background showing loops. In order to find out how loop patterns can be locally defined, tentative loop patterns are generated by a genetic algorithm in a preliminary stage. A set of local matching tiles is designed and checked whether they can produce the aimed loop patterns by the genetic algorithm. After having approved a certain set of tiles, a probabilistic CA rule is designed in a methodical way. Templates are derived from the tiles, which then are used in the CA rule for matching. In order to drive the evolution to the desired patterns, noise is injected if the templates do not match or other constraints are not fulfilled. Simulations illustrate that loops and connected loops can be evolved by the CA rule.

Correlation of Sagittal Skeletal malocclusion and Growth patterns between Digital and Conventional Dermatoglyphics

Background: The craniofacial morphology and its growth pattern are determined by the influence of various environmental factors depending on the genetic background. Due to the close association of MSX 1 and SMARCAD gene on the same chromosome, it can be hypothesized that malocclusion and fingerprint pattern are related. Furthermore, it is observed that the orofacial structures originate from the same embryonic tissue as the epidermal ridges, which are the ectoderm. Thus, the simultaneous development of the epidermal ridges and the orofacial structure during this time is deciphered and reflected in the fingerprint patterns.&#x0D; Aim: This study aimed to analyse, compare, and correlate the fingerprint patterns of individuals with different skeletal malocclusions and growth patterns using manual and digital methods.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: Patients (a random sample of 544) who were undergoing orthodontic treatment and were able to give informed consent were included in the study. Informed consent was obtained prior to the start of the procedure, with due regard to ethical issues and the confidentiality of fingerprint records. The anteroposterior jaw relation was determined from the patient's lateral cephalogram with evaluation of the parameters: SNA, ANB, SNB and growth patterns are determined using the mandibular plane angle according to Steiners analysis, the nature of the growth patterns, i.e., horizontal (HGP), Average (AGP) and vertical (VGP) growth pattern.&#x0D; Results: Individuals with loop patterns had a frequency of skeletal class I malocclusion, Whorl patterns with skeletal class II malocclusion, and Arch patterns with skeletal class III malocclusion. Consistent with the growth patterns, the whorl pattern was seen more prominently in the horizontal growth pattern, Arch pattern in the average growth pattern, and the loop pattern in the vertical growth pattern.&#x0D; Conclusion: Thus, the dermatoglyphics can be used as a screening tool for early prediction of skeletal malocclusion in a younger age group.

Assessment and Correlation between Dactyloscopy and Behavior of Children Undergoing Dental Treatment: A Cross-sectional Study.

To assess and correlate dactyloscopy and behavior of children undergoing dental treatment. A total of 30 children aged 4-8 years who needed at least one restoration without administration of local anesthesia were included. Two examiners recorded the behavior of the child as per Frankl's behavior rating scale and after the treatment, the subjects' fingerprints were taken using an ink pad and white paper. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) versions 23 and a Chi-squared test was carried out (p < 0.05). The loop type fingerprint had the highest frequency, while the archtype had the lowest. The child's behavior differed greatly (p < 0.05) based on dermatoglyphic characteristics, with the loop pattern being seen in cooperative children and the whorl pattern in uncooperative children. There is a positive correlation between fingerprint type and children's dental care. Dactyloscopy can be used to determine the behavior of children coming for dental treatment and hence help in their management. Janiani P, Subramanian EMG. Assessment and Correlation between Dactyloscopy and Behavior of Children Undergoing Dental Treatment: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(3):444-447.

Dermatoglyphic Patterns in Patients Having Impacted and Erupted Third Molars-A Comparative Study.

The dermatoglyphics have been used in several researches for predicting various pathologies of oral cavity like periodontitis, dental caries, impacted teeth, mal-occlusion, developmental defects such as cleft lip and palate, and potentially malignant disorders. Impacted teeth may be associated with various pathologies such as caries, pericoronitis, dentigerous cysts, and keratocystic odontogenic tumors; therefore, predicting impacted teeth through dermatoglyphic patterns can help in diagnosis and future treatment planning of such event. The aim and objective of the study were to evaluate and compare various dermatoglyphic patterns in the patients with the impacted maxillary and/or mandibular third molar (group 1) and patients having erupted maxillary and/or mandibular third molar (group 2). This study comprised totally 300 patients, which were divided into two groups, according to erupted or impacted maxillary and/or mandibular third molar visiting outpatient department, who fulfilled the selection criteria for the study. After a comprehensive clinical examination, dermatoglyphic patterns were recorded from the same individuals. Panoramic radiographs were taken to confirm the diagnosis. Data collected were entered in the spreadsheet and analyzed. For all tests, P value was set at <0.05 and was considered statistically significant. There was statistical significance noted in frequencies of whorl pattern in patients of group 1 and loop pattern in patients of group 2. This study concluded that dermatoglyphic patterns can be used to assess the prevalence of impacted wisdom teeth.

TURBIDITY-HYSTERETIC RESPONSE IN RIVER OSE, ONDO STATE, NIGERIA

Concentration-Discharge relationships are a key tool for understanding the sources and transport of material from watersheds to fluvial networks. Turbidity based estimating of suspended sediment concentration is widely used for river studies due to its simply and cheap using. The relation between suspended sediment concentration (turbidity) and discharge is not normally homogenous and often producing hysteretic loop. Therefore, this work identified the hysteresis types of the turbidity-discharge relationships in river Ose. Data were collected at coordinates 7⁰ 18’ 35.5” N and 5⁰ 39’ 52.5” E for two-year period and analysis showed that counter-clockwise hysteresis loop pattern was dominant. This suggested that overland flow is much possible in the study area.

DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM TRAVEL PATTERNS IN LAU BAGOT TOURISM VILLAGE DAIRI DISTRICT

One place that has great tourism potential is the Dairi district. Just like other regions in North Sumatra, Dairi Regency has many tourist destinations that have the potential to be big enough to attract tourists. Lau Bagot Tourism Village is one of the leading tourist villages in Dairi Regency. Data collection techniques used to obtain data include interviews, observations, literature studies, and documentation studies. As well as conducting in-depth interviews, this study included the following participants: the head of the Lau Bagot Tourism Village Pokdarwis, the head of Lau Bagot Village, Hamlet Head, and members of the Lau Bagot Tourism Village Pokdarwis. Data analysis techniques used in this study were qualitative. The single point and chaining loop travel patterns are travel schemes that are well implemented in Lau Bagot Tourism Village because in the single point travel pattern, the willingness is in the form of road access that only has one lane so that the departure and return routes will follow the same route. Whereas in the chaining loop pattern on other routes, when going to travel between tourist attractions, the paths that are passed back are not the same, so they don't go through the same route, so the travel pattern is in the form of a chaining loop.

Dermatoglyphic Study: A Diagnostic Tool for Predicting Oral Submucous Fibrosis

Aim: The aim of the study was to observe and compare the dermatoglyphics patterns in betel nut chewers with and without oral submucous fibrosis. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among patients of either gender visiting the outpatient Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, of Ahmedabad Dental College and Hospital. A sample size of 100 subjects was decided and was divided into three groups: Group 1: 50 subjects with habit of eating betel nuts and OSMF. Group 2: 25 subjects with habit of eating betel nuts without OSMF. Group 3: 25 subjects without a habit of betel nuts chewing and not having OSMF. The ink was uniformly applied over the fingers by using a stamp pad. Prints of fingertips were taken. Results: On comparing the dermatoglyphic patterns with subjects of groups 1, 2 and 3, OSMF subjects had an increase in simple whorl patterns and a decrease in arch patterns, and subjects with a habit of betel nut chewing without OSMF had an increase in ulnar and radial loop patterns. Conclusion: The present study was undertaken to observe and compare the dermatoglyphic patterns in betel nut chewers with and without oral submucous fibrosis. On digit vise comparison of the finger ridge patterns of both hands, the middle finger and ring finger of the right hand showed statistically significant p values. Thus, with the help of these parameters, gutkha chewers likely to develop OSMF can be detected earlier and the cost burden associated with genetic cytomarkers may also be prevented.

Seismic resilience evaluation of water distribution systems considering hydraulic and water quality performance

The resilience evaluation of infrastructures provides an essential basis for resilience enhancement and disaster mitigation in urban communities. This study presents a seismic resilience evaluation framework of water distribution systems (WDSs) that integrates hydraulic with water quality simulation. The seismic damage scenarios of WDSs are generated according to the seismic fragility model of pipelines and Monte Carlo simulation, and the post-earthquake recovery of pipeline damages is simulated by a dynamic importance-based recovery sequence. The negative influence of earthquake hazards on water quality is investigated by the reduction of chlorine concentration in water, which depends on the changes in water age and supply path caused by pipeline damages. The water quality performance of WDSs is measured by the residual chlorine concentration at user nodes, and two water quality performance indexes, namely, the water supply that meets the quality threshold requirements and the water supply without quality deterioration after the earthquake. The proposed framework is implemented in three benchmark WDSs with different layouts and operational features. Application results show that the water quality resilience of WDSs tends to be lower than that of hydraulic services, and the relative difference in system resilience loss between the water quality and hydraulic service performance ranges from 17% to 286%, which varied according to the layout of WDSs. The water source redundancy, and not the loop pattern of the pipeline network, has crucial impacts on the water quality resilience of WDSs after an earthquake event.

Comparative evaluation of dermatoglyphic patterns between skeletal class I and skeletal class III malocclusion.

Background: Dermatoglyphics is the study of various dermal configurations on the fingers, palms, and soles. These appear during the 12th week of intrauterine life and develop completely by the 24th week. It is said that they remain constant thereafter. The aim of the present study was to compare and assess the association of dermatoglyphic patterns between skeletal class I and skeletal class III malocclusion. Methods: Finger and palm prints were collected using the ink and roller method from 604 subjects who were divided into skeletal class I, class III with maxillary retrognathism and class III with mandibular prognathism based on lateral cephalogram assessment. Results: Loop pattern was more predominant in skeletal class I malocclusion subjects and whorl pattern was more frequent in the other two groups. Total finger ridge count and atd angle also showed significant difference between the study groups. Conclusions: The present study attempted in assessing the association between dermatoglyphic patterns and skeletal malocclusion. Analysing dermal configurations may aid in indicating the type of developing malocclusion and thus help in interceptive and preventive orthodontics.

Fingerprint patterns in neuropsychological disorder depression among south Indian population.

Depression is a pervasive mental health disorder characterized by persistent sadness and an inability to enjoy activities that were once enjoyable. This study compares the dermatoglyphic patterns of depressed patients with those of healthy, normal individuals in order to determine if dermatoglyphic patterns can be used as biomarkers for early diagnosis and prompt intervention of depression. A total of 100 depressive disorder patients of both sexes between the ages of 18 and 60 were selected for the study. Dermatoglyphic patterns of individual digits were analyzed using the "Ink and Paper" technique. The Whorl, Loop, and Arch patterns, as well as the AFRC, TFRC, and a-b ridge count, were examined using One-Way ANOVA significance and a Chi-Square test using SPSS 20.0. The results showed that the right hand in the depressive diseased group had decreased numbers of Whorls in the 2nd and 5th digits, and decreased numbers of Loops in all five digits. Similarly, decreased numbers of Whorls were found in the 1st, 2nd, 4th, and 5th digits of the left hand, as well as decreased Loops in the 4th digit. However, there were no changes in the Arches of either hand when compared to the control group. The AFRC and TFRC were significantly decreased (p<0.0001), but there was no significant decrease in the a-b ridge count in the depressive diseased group when compared to the control group. Dermatoglyphics, a noninvasive method, can serve as a screening indicator for depressive individuals, the appearance of the decreased count of whorls and loops parameters might be used as an exploratory sign.

Single-Step Synthesis of Nanocrystalline Fe-Ni/Fe-Co-Ni Magnetic Alloy Coating via Directional Plasma Spray

Fe-Ni-based nanocrystalline coatings with unique magnetic properties are widely used as soft magnetic materials and usually act as the core component in electronic devices. Nanocrystallized particles and thin films have become a popular contemporary research direction. Electrical explosion, characterized by an ultrafast atomization and quenching rate (dT/dt ~ 109-1011 K/s) for the material, is a unique approach for the rapid "single-step" synthesis of nanomaterials and coatings. In this study, experiments were carried out with intertwined wire under a directional spraying device in atmospheric Ar ambience. Two load systems of Fe-Ni and Fe-Ni-Co were considered in this work. Electrical parameters and high-speed camera images were obtained to reveal the physical mechanism and dynamic process of explosive spraying. The morphologic and crystallographic results were characterized by SEM and XRD. The magnetic properties were measured via VSM equipment, and the parameters of saturation magnetization Ms, residual magnetization Mr, and coercivity Hc were emphasized in the hysteresis loop pattern. The experimental results indicate that a dense coating was prepared with extremely low porosity, and the morphology of the coating surface shows different regions characterized by solidified chunks and loose particles. XRD patterns showed that crystalline structures were discrepant under two load systems with different Ni weight proportions. Magnetic measurements gave a thin and narrow hysteresis loop, which represents loops with good soft magnetic properties. Quantitatively, coercivity Hc decreased from 59.3 to 52.6 and from 121.0 to 49.9 for the coatings not containing and containing Co under parallel and perpendicular fields, respectively.

Development of artificial intelligence for the detection and staging of esophageal cancer

: Computer-assisted diagnosis (CAD) using deep learning, based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs), is rapidly developing in modern society and clinical practice. In the medical field of endoscopy, a CAD system can be used in the detection and staging of superficial esophageal cancer. In the detection of superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), several studies were reported as using still images of conventional white-light endoscopy and narrow-band imaging (NBI). The sensitivity of CAD systems is over 90%, and in some reports, higher than that of expert endoscopists. In addition, there is a report using video for a validation set that showed good performance. In diagnosing invasion depth, there are reports using conventional white-light imaging, NBI, and magnifying endoscopy with NBI using still images; there are also reports of intrapapillary capillary loop pattern identification using still images. Using white-light endoscopy and NBI, CAD systems showed sensitivity of 84.1–95.4%, specificity of 73.3–79.2%, and accuracy of 80.9–92.9% for differentiating SM1 cancers from SM2 or SM3 cancers in pathology. Additional systems could accurately classify intrapapillary capillary loop patterns as normal or abnormal, with comparable performance to experienced endoscopists. As for esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) that arises in Barrett’s esophagus (BE), there are detection reports that show favorable performance. Furthermore, the CAD system from one report identified the location suitable for biopsy; this is helpful for endoscopists because of the difficulty in determining the location of early EAC in BE. Although these studies are still only at research level, excellent performance has been achieved for detecting and staging of superficial esophageal carcinoma by CAD systems. In the near future, CAD systems will support us in detecting and staging esophageal cancers in daily clinical practice, leading to a better prognosis.

Assessment of Palmar Patterns and Dermatoglyphics in Oral Cancer Patients of Bareilly City: An Observational Study

Background and objectives: Dermatoglyphics are the dermal ridge configuration on the digits, palms and soles. Dermatoglyphics may be used as an easily accessible tool in the study of genetically induced diseases as genetic or chromosomal defects may be expressed as alterations in dermal ridges. They are genetically determined and influenced by environmental forces that are operating before birth. Several studies have shown an association between dermatoglyphics and different types of cancer. Hence this study was undertaken to determine whether specific dermatoglyphic patterns exist that help in predicting the occurrence of oral squamous cell carcinoma.&#x0D; Aim: This study was conducted to study palmar and dermatoglyphic patterns in oral carcinomas patients in Bareilly city.&#x0D; Material and method: Our study was conducted among 59 subjects having oral cancer in Bareilly city. A modified case history proforma and comprehensive history was taken. Finger and palm prints were collected from Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients using the digital method and were evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively using an appropriate statistical test.&#x0D; Results: Finger and palm prints were evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively. Significant findings in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma in both hands were: Increased frequency of Loops and whorls, Loop patterns are common in Thenar/I1 area, Increased Total finger ridge count on the right hand, increased ab count on the left hand, more atd angle on the left hand.&#x0D; Conclusion: Our study concluded that dermatoglyphic patterns may have a role in identifying individuals either with or at risk for developing oral squamous cell carcinoma. It can be used to identify high-risk group so that early primary and secondary preventive measures can be instituted to prevent the occurrence of these lesions.