Look For New Strategies Research Articles

Resveratrol: A Potential Active Compound for Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a chronic intestinal disorder consisting of Crohn’s Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC). The highest prevalence of IBD is found in Asia and the cases often occur in the 15-35 group of age. Conventional therapy options that are commonly used have some side effects that impact IBD patients. Therefore, it is necessary to look for new strategies in order to treat IBD regarding their effectiveness, affordability and achieving minimum side effects. Resveratrol, a natural non-flavonoid polyphenolic compound, is commonly found in grapes and various types of berries. It is known to potentially overcome inflammation in IBD through various mechanisms including acting as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory effects, and its ability to influence the gut microbiota. This study is aiming for explaining and reviewing further mainly on resveratrol’s extraction method and its mechanism of actions to improve IBD. The resources for this study are done by searching through PubMed, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, MDPI, and Google Scholar with keywords (Inflammatory Bowel Disease) AND (Resveratrol), ⁠(Incidence and Prevalence) of Inflammatory Bowel Disease across Asia, (Threat) AND (Therapy) AND (Inflammatory Bowel Disease), (Bioactive) AND (Therapy) AND (Inflammatory Bowel Disease), (Extraction) AND (Method) AND (Resveratrol), and (Pathophysiology) AND (Inflammatory Bowel Disease). Based on evidence found on resveratrol’s benefits, this compound is apparently promising to alternatively treat IBD, but still needs more research to support its effectiveness.

Galleria mellonella Y Tenebrio molitor BIODEGRADADORES DE BOLSAS, POPOTES, VASOS DE UNICEL Y CUBREBOCAS

<p><strong>Background.</strong> Currently, articles based on polyethylene and polypropylene have become an important element to solve social needs. However, these products take between 100 and 1000 years to decompose. Therefore, the need arises to look for new strategies that allow the degradation of these products in a shorter period of time. <strong>Objetive.</strong> Determine the capacity of the larvae of <em>Galleria mellonella</em> L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and <em>Tenebrio molitor</em> L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) to degrade bags, straws, glasses and face masks. <strong>Methodology.</strong> In the laboratory, five experiments were carried out with third and fourth instar larvae of <em>G. mellonella</em> and <em>T. molitor</em>. In each experiment, the treatments (bags, straws, cups, and masks) and the <em>G. mellonella</em> and <em>T. molitor</em> larvae were placed in a plastic container with a tight-fitting lid. Afterward, the larvae were weighed every 24 hours for 10 days to record the consumption of the treatments. <strong>Results.</strong> In experiments 1 and 2, no statistical difference was observed in the consumption of polyethylene and biodegradable bags and straws by the larvae of <em>G. mellonella</em> and <em>T. molitor</em>. In contrast, a significant statistical difference was observed between treatments in the pupae record. In the results of experiments 3 and 4, a significant statistical difference was observed between the treatments in the consumption of glasses (polystyrene and polyhydroxyalkanoate) and in the development of pupae of <em>G. mellonella</em> and <em>T. molitor</em>. In experiment 5, no significant statistical difference was observed between treatments in the consumption of masks and development of <em>G. mellonella</em> pupae. <strong>Implications.</strong> In this research work, basic information was generated on the consumption of bags, straws, cups, and face masks by <em>G. mellonella</em> and <em>T. molitor</em>. In the case of the consumption of face masks, it is the first record of the consumption of this article by <em>G. mellonella</em> larvae. <strong>Conclusions.</strong> <em>G. mellonella</em> and <em>T. molitor</em> consume products based on polyethylene, polystyrene and polyhydroxyalkanoate, likewise <em>G. mellonella</em> consumes face masks, essential product to avoid infections during the pandemic generated by the COVID-19 coronavirus.</p>

Teachers’ strategy in conducting assessments in the new normal era

Assessment is an important component of learning which aims to determine student achievement in learning. However, the pandemic has changed how assessment is carried out, prompting teachers to look for new strategies in carrying out mathematics learning assessments under any conditions, whether in normal conditions or during a pandemic. This study described the strategies used by high school mathematics teachers in assessing mathematics learning during the pandemic towards the post-pandemic period. This type of research is descriptive exploratory research with a qualitative approach. The subjects in this study were three mathematics teachers, three principals, and three vice principals from a public senior high school in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia. Qualitative data were collected by means of questionnaires, interviews, and documentation. The collected data were analyzed qualitatively according to Bogdan and Biklen. The results of the study reveal that the mathematics teacher’s strategy for carrying out assessments during a pandemic includes: i) determining the appropriate online assessment platform that suits the needs; ii) assessment based on student participation; iii) using various of online assessment methods; iv) prioritizing academic integrity and honesty in the assessment implementation; and v) carry out the management and reporting of data on the results of the assessment in accordance with established procedures.

Antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of Pseudomonas aeruginosa derived outer membrane vesicles against Streptococcus mutans

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious and most urgent global threat to human health. AMR is one of today's biggest difficulties in the health system and has the potential to harm people at any stage of life, making it a severe public health issue. There must be fewer antimicrobial medicines available to treat diseases given the rise in antibiotic-resistant organisms. If no new drugs are created or discovered, it is predicted that there won't be any effective antibiotics accessible by 2050. In most cases, Streptococcus increased antibiotic resistance by forming biofilms, which account for around 80 % of all microbial infections in humans. This highlights the need to look for new strategies to manage diseases that are resistant to antibiotics. Therefore, development alternative, biocompatible and high efficacy new strategies are essential to overcome drug resistance. Recently, bacterial derived extracellular vesicles have been applied to tackle infection and reduce the emergence of drug resistance. Therefore, the objective of the current study was designed to assess the antibacterial and antibiofilm potential of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) derived from Pseudomonas aeruginosa againstStreptococcus mutans. According to the findings of this investigation, the pure P. aeruginosa outer membrane vesicles (PAOMVs) display a size of 100 nm. S. mutans treated with PAOMVs showed significant antibacterial and antibiofilm activity. The mechanistic studies revealed that PAOMVs induce cell death through excessive generation of reactive oxygen species and imbalance of redox leads to lipid peroxidation, decreased level of antioxidant markers including glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase. Further this study confirmed that PAOMVs significantly impairs metabolic activity through inhibiting lactate dehydrogenase activity (LDH), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, leakage of proteins and sugars. Interestingly, combination of sub-lethal concentrations of PAOMVs and antibiotics enhances cell death and biofilm formation of S. mutans. Altogether, this work, may serve as an important basis for further evaluation of PAOMVs as novel therapeutic agents against bacterial infections.

STRATEGI PEMASARAN KERAJINAN TENUN IKAT SUMBA SEBAGAI PRODUK INDUSTRI KREATIF PENDUKUNG PARIWISATA DI SUMBA TIMUR

This research refers to Sumba ikat weaving crafts as a creative industry product in East Sumba, a case study at one of the souvenir shops namely Artshop Maradda Indah. This study aims to find out the strategy of Artshop Maradda Indah in marketing Sumba ikat weaving crafts as a creative industry product in East Sumba and look for new strategies based on existing strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. The sample determination technique uses accidental sampling technique by distributing internal environment questionnaires to 130 customers at Artshop Maradda Indah. Respondents to answer external indicators were determined by the quota sampling technique, namely as many as 10 respondents using the likert scale technique. Data analysis techniques using IFAS & EFAS analysis methods, IE matrix analysis and SWOT analysis. The results based on the dissemination of the internal questionnaire, 8 strengths and 4 weaknesses were obtained with an IFAS score of 2.87 and 9 opportunities and 5 threats with an EFAS score of 2.85 from the distribution of the external environment questionnaire. Thus, it can be known that Artshop Maradda Indah is in cell V on the IE matrix with a strategy that can be applied of is a growth and stability strategy.

Application of named entity recognition method for Indonesian datasets: a review

A name entity (NE) is a proper name that designates a person, location, or organization. For humans, named entity recognition (NER) is a straightforward process insofar as many named entities are self-names, and most of them have initial capital letters and can be easily recognized, but it is very difficult for machines. This study discusses research trends in the application of NER to Indonesian datasets, particularly as it concerns certain tasks, datasets, methods/techniques, and entity labels. By conducting a systematic literature review (SLR) and bibliometric analysis with VOSviewer, this article hopes to provide opportunities for adopting old methods, combining models from previous research, and even proposing new methods. In addition, the motivation for doing SLR at NER is to look for new strategies in the supervision of financial technology (Fintech). If machines can find illegal Fintech entities on social media and online news, it can help the government to block these illegal Fintech entities. To this end, this study provides an overview of research trends in applying the NER method to Bahasa Indonesia (Indonesian) datasets, including the extraction of news articles, the monitoring of floods, and traffic.

ОПТИМІЗАЦІЯ РЕСУРСІВ АЕРОПОРТУ ДЛЯ НАЗЕМНОГО ОБСЛУГОВУВАННЯ ПОВІТРЯНИХ СУДЕН В УМОВАХ НЕВИЗНАЧЕНОСТІ

Introduction. The changes that are taking place in Ukraine due to the influence of both global and regional factors lead to the fact that airports needs to review the concepts of managing the company’s activities and look for new strategies for functioning on the market. This article examines the main causes of flight delays that affect the operation of airport services and thus cause uncertainty. The activity of domestic airports is analyzed. The problem of operational planning and management of ground handling of aircraft at the airport is considered. Criteria for the effectiveness of ground handling of aircraft at the airport have been determined. Problems statement. Aviation transport in Ukraine is one of the main transport elements of the transport and logistics system of the country and the world. But it is also the most expensive mode of transport, which greatly affects the price of transportation. Transportation costs exceed 50%, and their reduction is the main goal of the transportation process. Therefore, for this, it is necessary to optimize the distribution of material and technical resources during the ground handling of aircraft at the airport. That is, regardless of flight delays, readiness to service the aircraft must be ensured by all airport services regardless of deviations from the daily flight schedule. Purpose. Analysis of the feasibility of optimizing material and technical resources during ground maintenance of aircraft, in order to increase the efficiency of the airport. The object of the study is the largest international airport «Boryspil», which, according to information from analysts, will have an even greater load after the war. The subject of the study is ground handling of aircraft at the airport. Materials and methods. Statistical analysis of ukrainian airports. Analysis of information sources regarding airline flight delays. Mathematical method of process research. Results. After studying the statistical data of ukrainian airports, it was concluded that due to the successful geographical location, the flows through them will increase. The main goal of Ukraine’s transport strategy is to integrate Ukraine’s transport complex into the global transport network, which also includes air transport. Therefore, in order to stay afloat and be competitive, it is necessary to introduce and improve the provision of services. Conclusions. Clearly organized ground handling of aircraft at the airport allows to optimize the use of material and technical resources, increase the number of serviced flights and affects the effective operation of the airport, its capacity.

Identification of Novel Imatinib-Resistant Genes in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are common ICC precursor sarcomas, which are considered to be a potential malignant mesenchymal tumor driven by specific KIT or PDGFRA signals in the gastrointestinal tract. The standard treatment for GIST without metastasis is surgical resection. GIST with metastasis is usually treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) only but cannot be cured. The TKI imatinib is the main drug of GIST drug therapy. In adjuvant therapy, the duration of imatinib adjuvant therapy is 3 years. It has been proved that imatinib can improve the overall survival time (OS). However, many GIST patients develop drug resistance due to the long-term use of imatinib. We were forced to look for new strategies to treat GIST. The purpose of the current academic work is to study the drug-resistant genes of imatinib and their potential mechanisms. A total of 897 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found between imatinib-sensitive cell line GIST882 and imatinib-resistant cell line GIST430 by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). After analyzing the DEGs, 10 top genes were selected (NDN, FABP4, COL4A1, COLEC11, MEG3, EPHA3, EDN3, LMO3, RGS4, and CRISP2). These genes were analyzed by RT-PCR, and it was confirmed that the expression trend of FABP4, COL4A1, and RGS4 in different imatinib-resistant cell lines was in accord with the GEO database. It is suggested that these genes may play a potential role in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of imatinib resistance in GIST.

Management of Energy Enterprises in Zero-Emission Conditions: Bamboo as an Innovative Biomass for the Production of Green Energy by Power Plants

Managing energy-producing companies as well as managing the entire energy sector in the light of legal and environmental requirements requires a new vision, mission, and strategy. The paper analyses the strategies of energy enterprises. It is not enough now to produce energy and deliver it at appropriate, acceptable prices to consumers; it must be generated with the least negative impact on the environment. To achieve that plan, companies should cut the carbon intensity of their products by 20% by 2030, 45% by 2035, and 100% by 2050, using a baseline of 2016. To compared to 1990 levels, the greenhouse gas emission reduction target for 2030 should be increased to 55%. Bioenergy will represent 18% of total final energy consumption in 2050. Additionally, this requires the development of a long-term strategy that can force companies to completely reorganize their production or start a new operation and activities. A low-cost strategy or a competition strategy are insufficient, and it is necessary to look for new strategies that combine adaptation to the requirements of the external environment with the use of innovative solutions. The article analyzes the possibilities of implementing an innovative strategy based on biomass, especially bamboo biomass. The reduction in CO2 emissions of bamboo, taking into account life cycle emissions, can reach up to 85%. The novelty is to show the possibility of producing electricity by a large-scale power plant solely based on bamboo biomass on the example of a power plant located in the Tokushima prefecture, Japan. Another novelty is the fact that this article draws attention to the problem of burning bamboo in a power plant. The problem is that, as a result of burning bamboo, the clinker settles quite quickly. The study analyzes the selected ingredients for co-firing, which improve the combustion parameters of bamboo biomass (e.g., blended 20% bamboo with 80% pine or 30% bamboo with 70% tree bark). The importance of this research lies in the fact that it shows new innovative solutions in the energy sector that will help to achieve emission reductions. In addition, the article proposes to use eco-innovations and pay attention to eco-efficiency. Such solutions are an opportunity for ecological development through the use of bamboo as a fuel, which is classified as a renewable energy source by power plants.

Lithium Chloride Effect on Mortality and Neurological Deficits in the Model of Ischemic Stroke in Rats

The relevance of the problem of ischemic stroke is difficult to overvalue in modern terms. The data on the frequency of occurrence and outcomes, especially among young people, force us to look for new strategies to minimize its consequences. Recent experimental studies have shown pronounced neurocardio-nephroprotective properties of lithium salts.Aim of study. To evaluate the effect of lithium chloride on the lethality and severity of cognitive and neurological deficits in the modeling of ischemic stroke in rats.Materials and methods. The study used mongrel male rats weighing 312±12.5 g. The model of Longa’s focal ischemia was used as a basis. The animals were divided into 5 groups: false-operated, control (model of ischemic stroke with the introduction of 0.9% NaCl) and three groups with the introduction of lithium chloride in various concentrations (4.2 mg/kg, 21 mg/kg and 63 mg/kg). The drug was administered daily for 14 days with a parallel assessment of neurological deficits.Results. According to the results of the experiment, the following data were obtained with respect to lethality in the studied groups: false — operated 0 out of 8, control group — 13 out of 22 (lethality 59%), group 3 (LiCl 4.2 mg/kg) — 8 out of 14 (lethality 57%), p>0.05 with respect to control, group 4 (LiCl 21 mg/kg) — 6 out of 15 (lethality 40%) p>0.05 with respect to control and in group 5 (LiCl 63 mg/kg) — 4 out of 15 animals died (lethality 27%) p=0.0317. Lithium chloride at doses of 21 mg/kg and 63 mg/kg resulted in a decrease in the severity of neurological deficits on the second day of the experiment. On the 15th day of the experiment, there were no differences in the severity of neurological disorders. Also, the dosage of 63 mg/kg contributed to better memory retention during the assessment of cognitive functions.Conclusion. Lithium chloride at a dosage of 63 mg/kg significantly (p=0.037) reduced the mortality and severity of neurological deficits in the simulation of experimental ischemic stroke in rats compared to the control group.

ВПЛИВ ПАНДЕМІЇ КОРОНОВІРУСУ COVID-19 НА ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ СУБ’ЄКТІВ ГОСПОДАРЮВАННЯ

COVID-19 has affected almost all businesses in Ukraine. In addition, it showed how insecure both business owners and hired employees can be. From March 2020, the Ukrainian authorities repeatedly altered the conditions of quarantine restrictions, trying to find a balance between the effective impact on the COVID-19 incidence and their consequences for business. Consequently, entrepreneurs had to look for new strategies of conduct constantly. The 2021 economic situation is still influenced by the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic against the backdrop of emergent COVID strains, the ongoing vaccination campaign and the growing level of society’s adaptation to new conditions. The Ukrainian authorities are making attempts to help entrepreneurs and revive business. 240.900 persons decided to become sole proprietors during the quarantine, that is 5.000 less than in the same months before the quarantine. The largest number of sole proprietors was in the field of programming (more than 30 thousand), provision of information (6.39 thousand) and other individual services (5.44 thousand). Sole proprietor businesses were actively launched in the field of delivery and health care. Tourism, the restaurant business and the sale of non-food products and the provision of services were most affected. One of the industries most affected by the pandemic is the restaurant business. Ukrainians were much less likely to visit coffeeshops and restaurants in 2020. Consequently, many of them never managed to survive the quarantine year. The results of the study, conducted in the early quarantine period, indicate that 29% of Ukrainian companies suspended their work during the quarantine restrictions, and 6% closed down their business. The analysis of the impact of quarantine measures on particular sectors of activity of the most affected enterprises is carried out. The research specified challenges faced by economic entities due to the introduction of quarantine and the study of ways of business transformation for effective functioning in the pandemic. The mechanisms of providing state support for business and their effectiveness are analyzed.

Understanding the dynamics of broadcast operations driven by a converged digital ecosystem

Broadcast Media Africa’s 2021 conference in Cape Town, South Africa, was dubbed the “Broadcast Media Convention of Southern Africa” and was organised in partnership with the Southern Africa Broadcasting Association. The conference drew attention to several issues, including the technological developments affecting broadcasters and the effect of Covid-19 on broadcasting operations. This article is based on the paper presented there. The article notes that the broadcast industry has evolved drastically over the past few years. However, with rapid technological developments and new trends in the increasingly digital and converged media markets, broadcast managers increasingly must look for new strategies to stay afloat in the competitive and mediarich environment in which broadcast institutions operate. The article posits that the new media ecosystem has essentially brought to the fore one aspect, which was always known but often took for granted – the importance of the audience. The article appraises the developments in the converging environment to improve our understanding of how African broadcasters could continue to innovate successfully.

The Pathophysiology and Treatment of Essential Tremor: The Role of Adenosine and Dopamine Receptors in Animal Models.

Essential tremor (ET) is one of the most common neurological disorders that often affects people in the prime of their lives, leading to a significant reduction in their quality of life, gradually making them unable to independently perform the simplest activities. Here we show that current ET pharmacotherapy often does not sufficiently alleviate disease symptoms and is completely ineffective in more than 30% of patients. At present, deep brain stimulation of the motor thalamus is the most effective ET treatment. However, like any brain surgery, it can cause many undesirable side effects; thus, it is only performed in patients with an advanced disease who are not responsive to drugs. Therefore, it seems extremely important to look for new strategies for treating ET. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on the pathomechanism of ET based on studies in animal models of the disease, as well as to present and discuss the results of research available to date on various substances affecting dopamine (mainly D3) or adenosine A1 receptors, which, due to their ability to modulate harmaline-induced tremor, may provide the basis for the development of new potential therapies for ET in the future.

Elucidating the Interactions Between Heparin/Heparan Sulfate and SARS-CoV-2-Related Proteins-An Important Strategy for Developing Novel Therapeutics for the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Owing to the high mortality and the spread rate, the infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 has become a major threat to public health and social economy, leading to over 70 million infections and 1. 6 million deaths to date. Since there are currently no effective therapeutic or widely available vaccines, it is of urgent need to look for new strategies for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection diseases. Binding of a viral protein onto cell surface heparan sulfate (HS) is generally the first step in a cascade of interaction that is required for viral entry and the initiation of infection. Meanwhile, interactions of selectins and cytokines (e.g., IL-6 and TNF-α) with HS expressed on endothelial cells are crucial in controlling the recruitment of immune cells during inflammation. Thus, structurally defined heparin/HS and their mimetics might serve as potential drugs by competing with cell surface HS for the prevention of viral adhesion and modulation of inflammatory reaction. In this review, we will elaborate coronavirus invasion mechanisms and summarize the latest advances in HS–protein interactions, especially proteins relevant to the process of coronavirus infection and subsequent inflammation. Experimental and computational techniques involved will be emphasized.

Application strategies of saline water and nitrogen doses in mini watermelon cultivation

Salt stress is highlighted as one of the limiting factors for the establishment of agriculture in the semiarid region of Northeastern Brazil. In this context, it is essential to look for new strategies aiming at minimizing the effects of salt stress on the crops. The present work aimed to evaluate the photochemical efficiency, photosynthetic pigments, and growth of the watermelon cv. Sugar Baby under different use strategies with saline waters and nitrogen fertilization. The experiment was conducted in a protected environment at the Center of Technology and Natural Resources of the Federal University of Campina Grande, municipality of Campina Grande, Paraíba. An experimental design in randomized blocks was adopted, arranged in a 6 x 2 factorial scheme, with six management strategies of water salinity and two nitrogen doses (corresponding to 50 and 100% of the recommendation), with five replications. Two salinity levels of the irrigation water were studied, one with low and another with a high level of electrical conductivity of the water (ECw = 0.8 and 3.2 dS m-1). The watermelon cv. Sugar Baby expressed higher sensitivity to salt stress in the flowering phase, with a decrease in the synthesis of chlorophyll b, chlorophyll total, and carotenoids. The 50% dose of N provided an increment in the initial fluorescence, stem diameter, and the number of leaves of the watermelon cv. Sugar Baby. The length of the main branch of the watermelon plants decreased with the salt stress applied in the fructification phase; however, the fertilization with 100% of N stimulated a higher growth when the irrigation with saline waters was performed at the vegetative and flowering phases.

Metoda szacowania trwałości lotniczych napędów hydraulicznych

Throughout previous practice, estimating the life of aviation hydraulic drive assemblies has been utilizing a variant, which requires conducting long-lasting studies of the drive assemblies until they move to the unfitness state. Such studies, which enable estimating life a posteriori, are costly and long-lasting. Hence the need to look for new strategies for estimating life. The article presents a method of estimating the durability of a hydraulic drive assembly based on the control of its change in technical condition. Inspection of the technical condition enables timely detection of the condition before the emergency hydraulic assembly. The novelty of the method is to use, to detect the condition before the emergency team, the principle of determining the pre-emptive control parameter tolerance. Pre-emptive tolerances are a set of control parameter values between threshold levels and pre-emergency (allowable) levels. The intensity of depletion of durability (intensity of aging, wear) is random. The paper presents a stochastic description of the control parameter change and the resulting empirical relationships between the control parameter verification time probability density (verification periodicity) and the control parameter value change probability density. The inter-relations between these two functions were described. It also presents empirical relationships enabling the determination of the permissible value for the control parameters and the periodicity of the control parameter checks after exceeding the limit value. An example of estimating the life of a hydraulic piston pump on-board an aircraft operated in the Polish Air Forces was shown. The permissible values and the time for the first control parameter verification after exceeding the limit value were determined for selected control parameters of the hydraulic pump. The proposed method binds life (fitness time) with the physical wear mechanisms concerning the assemblies. It can be applied in work aimed at determining the resource life of technical equipment. Furthermore, it enables utilizing technical equipment according to a technical state strategy with monitoring the parameters.

ARSEN RICHYNSKY «PROBLEMS OF UKRAINIAN RELIGIOUS CONSCIOUSNESS»: HISTORY AND MODERNITY

The article analyzes the work of the famous socio-political, cultural and educational figure of the first half of the XX century, Arsen Richynsky, “Problems of Ukrainian religious consciousness”, through the prism of history and modernity, which has not lost its relevance today. In modern times, when the question of building the Orthodox Church of Ukraine in our country has arisen, interest in the spiritual heritage of Arsen Richynsky has grown. During the interwar period in Western Volhynia, A. Richynsky launched an active and purposeful cultural and educational activity in the struggle for the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church, devoting to this work, which had a significant public resonance. The preconditions for its writing are clarified and it is emphasized that A. Richynsky, being an activist of the national church movement, realized that it was necessary to look for new strategies and tactics to intensify the revival of the Ukrainian church movement. He considered it necessary to ideologically “arm” the intellectual forces with ethno-confessional awareness of the history of Ukraine. He was struck by the unpreparedness of the intellectuals in matters of unity and solidarity in relation to the fight for the rights of Ukrainians to the national Orthodox Church, the formation of state ideology. The reasons for the ban on the book and the history of its publication are studied, and it is emphasized that the monograph was written from the standpoint of Ukrainian national ethnogenesis and focused on the revival and formation of the spiritual identity of Ukrainians. In fact, this was the main reason for its ban in both interwar Poland and the USSR. The scientific novelty of the publication is that, despite the rather significant creative legacy of A. Richynsky, the work “Problems of Ukrainian Religious Consciousness” has not lost its practical significance, but has not been analyzed or studied holistically and systematically by scholars. It should be noted that today there is a need to analyze it objectively and impartially, which will allow to reveal the process of writing and printing, to fully explore the biographical data of its author. Monograph of a famous socio-political and cultural-educational figure of the first half of the XX century. A. Richynsky’s “Problems of Ukrainian Religious Consciousness” is evidence that both the Polish and Soviet authorities persecuted its author for actively promoting the ideas of an independent Ukrainian state and independent Church in the interwar period, defending its autocephaly, and justifying the identity of Ukrainian law, that have not lost their relevance today.

Efektivitas Perlakuan Kombinatif Plasma Medis dan Ekstrak Daun Sirih untuk Mempercepat Penyembuhan Luka Fase Proliferasi pada Model Mencit Diabetik

The continued increase in the number of people with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) in Indonesia is a serious problem. One of the big problems for people with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is the emergence of complications of diabetic wounds. To date the strategy for treatment of diabetic wounds has been limited to the use of wound dressing, cell therapy and oxygen therapy. The problem is that the strategy is not fully successful. Thus, it is very important to look for new strategies to improve the quality of diabetic wound healing, such as by applying a combination of plasma medicine and local natural product, like the extraction of Daun sirih (Piper betle) leaves. Plasma medicine is a relatively new and multidisciplinary study involving plasma science, biomedical, pharmaceutical and other health sciences aimed at applying plasma to therapeutic health. Plasma is the fourth phase of matter, after the solid, liquid and gas phase. The medical aspects of plasma are related to the ability of plasma to produce biological molecules Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species (RONS). If RONS is controlled in the right dosage it can be efficacious for health therapy. This study intends to examine the effects of combinative treatment of plasma medicine and Piper betel leaf extract for proliferation phase of wound healing in diabetic small animal model. This study used male Balb c mice with acute wounds which were divided into 5 groups, namely groups of untreated normal mice (ND-TP), groups of untreated diabetic mice (D-TP), groups of diabetic mice wounds with Piper betel leaf extract (DS ), the wound group of diabetic mice with plasma medicine (DP) and the wound group of diabetic mice with plasma medicine and Piper betel leaf (DPS). The plasma medicine was treated on wound with condition non-contact style (the plasma jet did not touch the wound) with a distance of plasma jet reactor nozzle to the surface of wound about 20 mm, for 2 minutes, every day. Macroscopic observation of wounds is carried out every day from day 0 to 7. On day 7 it was seen that the size of the wound area for D-P-S was smaller than the other groups. The results of this study indicated that Piper betel leaf extract can potentially be used to optimize the performance of plasma medicine in accelerating diabetic wound healing during the proliferation phase. Further investigation, however, is important to be conducted to study the effect for all phases of wound healing and its mechanism histo-pathologically.

Notas sobre os processos de constituição identitária de indígenas terenas nas redes sociais

O processo de diáspora vivido pelo povo Terena e o seu posterior reajuntamento afetaram o modo de vida e operaram grandes mudanças na paisagem ecológica e social desse povo indígena, o qual se viu, a partir daí, forçado a buscar novas estratégias de sobrevivência em um processo crescente de territorialização e de busca de autoafirmação nos territórios ocupados. Devido a este processo, há um discurso corrente de estigmatização dos povos Terena que assevera que eles abandonaram suas raízes, se aculturaram e se tornaram "índios urbanos". Neste contexto de estigmatização e de institucionalização de sentidos vários sobre o sujeito índio, nos propomos a problematizar as representações imaginárias desses sujeitos sobre si mesmos, através de publicações de postagens no facebook realizadas por professores indígenas destes povos. Nossa referência teórica é a Análise do Discurso de linha francesa através dos conceitos de memória, interdiscurso e formações discursivas propostos por Pecheux (2009), da formulação do conceito de formações discursivas realizada por Foucault (1986) e da problematização de noções como identidade e processos identitários propostas por Hall (2006) e Coracini (2003), além das concepções de território e territorialidade e propostas por Haesbart (2004). Os resultados iniciais apontam para identidades construídas a partir das relações territoriais que encenam o funcionamento de diferentes posições sujeito, constituídas em duas formações discursivas que estão relacionadas entre si por oposição.

Interface Engineering with Ionic Liquid Composite Materials for Efficient and Durable Electrocatalysis

Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are among the most promising candidates in carbon neutral renewable energy systems because of their superior efficiency, environmentally friendly principles, as well as a wide range of potential applications 1. The development of catalytic materials for electrochemical oxygen reduction has received significant attention as the sluggish kinetics of cathodic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is the major source of efficiency loss in current PEMFCs. To this end, significant achievements have been made in the past decade to improve both intrinsic and mass-based activity through the evolution of nanoscale morphology and the compositional profile 2-4. However, these adjustments on geometric and compositional profiles remain insufficient for the widespread integration of fuel cells into industry applications 5. It is necessary to look for new strategies, such as shifting focus away from the catalyst and move toward the optimization of electrocatalytic interfaces. Electrocatalyst development for reactions involving multiple charge transfer steps and more than one adsorbed intermediate is severely limited by the scaling relations that govern the free energy of adsorption of those intermediates. Adsorbed intermediate scaling relations create a thermodynamic minimum overpotential of 0.37 V due to the fixed difference in free energy of adsorption (ΔΔGad) for *OH and *OOH of ~3.2 eV which is independent of the identity of the catalyst 1,6. It is found that by decreasing the degree of intermediate solvation, ΔΔGad can approach 2.46 eV which is the value required for ORR to take place at zero overpotential 7. Here we present our progress in addressing intermediate scaling for the ORR through the manipulation of metal/electrolyte interface with chemically tailored ionic liquids (ILs). Figure 1 demonstrates the impact of IL on the ORR on Pt(111). A significant increase in the ORR current is observed at both low overpotential and the potential region at which an adsorbed monolayer of hydrogen is formed on Pt. At low overpotential we attribute the enhanced activity to the disruption of *OH-H2O hydrogen bonded structure due to the control of the interaction of water with the catalytic surface in the presence of the IL. We argue that it is this change in water interaction with the surface, potentially in combination with other properties of the IL including reactant solubility, that results in the enhanced ORR activity. We also studied the manner by which ILs impact the stability of 3-dimensional, nanoporous nanoparticle electrocatalysts, such as nanoporous PtNi nanoparticles (np-NiPt). In addition to the standard mechanisms of catalyst degradation including Pt dissolution/Ostwald ripening and coalescence/aggregation, nanoporous materials can lose electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) through surface smoothening driven coarsening 8. With a better understanding of the interplay between nanoporous structure coarsening and transition metal loss, we have developed strategies to mitigate coarsening through incorporating ILs at the metal/electrolyte interface to directly mitigate electrochemically enhanced surface diffusion, which leads to ECSA loss. The hydrophobicity of these ILs is known to change the interaction of water with the surface, positively shifting the onset potential of Pt oxidation. The interfacial IL acts to limit the charge dependent formation of a surface metal/electrolyte anion complex which is responsible for the potential dependent enhancement in surface diffusion. The oxygen reduction reaction activity, ECSA of these complex composite nanoporous electrocatalysts, as shown in Figure 2, was tracked as a function of cycle number during accelerated durability testing (ADT) providing insight into the mechanism of catalyst degradation and the effect of ILs on catalyst stability. Nørskov, J. K. et al., Phys. Chem. B 108 (2004) 17886–17892.Stamenkovic, V. R. et al., Nature Material 6 (2007) 241–247.Chen, C. et al., Science 343 (2014) 1339-1343.Snyder, J. et al. Am. Chem. Soc. 134 (2012) 8633-8645.Gasterger, H. A. et al. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 56 (2005) 9-35.Hansen, H. A., et al., Phys. Chem. C 118 (2014) 6706–6718.Viswanathan, V., et al., Catal., 27 (2014) 215-221.Li, Y. et al., ACS Catal., 7 (2017) 7995-8005. Figure 1