Longitudinal Study Of Adolescent Health Research Articles

Revenge Sex: Weaponizing Infidelity

ABSTRACT Given that infidelityhas been consistently cited as one of the primary reasons for relationshipdissolution throughout most of the world, this study explored its relationshipto (a) revenge sex, (b) Sternberg’s triangulartheory of love, and (c) inherent powerdynamics withinintimate and romantic relationships. Data gleaned from Wave IV ofthe National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) measured asubsample of 1912 participants who reported being married and living together. Hierarchical logistic regressionanalyses indicated that the constructs of passion and intimacy negligiblyaccounted for any relationship to infidelity, but that the construct ofcommitment accounted for 17.4% of the variance regarding infidelity. Finally, the construct of revenge sex, whichevaluated if an individual believed that his/her partner committed infidelityaccounted for an additional 10.4% of the variance explained. The decision to be unfaithful issolely an individualistic quality in which zero culpability should be directedtoward one’s partner, as having more sex and developing a deeper bond withone’s partner did not serve as a deterrent for infidelity. Furthermore, individuals who perceive their partner may have cheated onthem are statistically significantly more likely to engage in revenge sex.

Aerobic exercise during adolescence and anxiety disorders in adulthood: A cohort study using Add Health.

The prevalence of anxiety disorders, and mental chronic diseases, has increased over the last decade among adolescents. Since aerobic exercise reduces the risk of chronic diseases and stress symptoms, we aimed to examine the association between aerobic exercise in adolescence and anxiety disorders in adulthood. Self-reported, publicly available data from 5,114 adolescents who participated in Waves I and IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) was analyzed from 1994-2009. We included US-based individuals aged 16 years on average and observed them for 15 years. Weighted Poisson regression models estimated the association between aerobic exercise in Wave I (1994, baseline) and anxiety disorders in Wave IV (2009, adulthood), adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and substance use at baseline. Overall, 639/5,114 (weighted 12.96%) individuals experienced anxiety disorders at baseline. Age and sex differed significantly across all exercise groups (p's<0.001). Aerobic exercise did not significantly protect against anxiety disorders in adulthood: compared to adolescents who did not exercise at all, those who exercised 1-2 times/week had 0.85 times the prevalence of anxiety disorders during adulthood (95% CI = 0.65, 1.12; p = 0.25). Those who exercised 3-4 times/week had 0.81 times the prevalence (95% CI = 0.61, 1.08, p = 0.15) and those who exercised 5+ times/week had 0.84 times the prevalence (95% CI = 0.63, 1.13, p = 0.25) than those who did not exercise at all. Aerobic Exercise in adolescence did not protect against anxiety disorders in adulthood. More evidence is needed on this association, including using homogeneous measures of exercise and repeated measures methods.

Who Benefits and How: Five Dimensions of Adolescent Psychological Well-Being and Their Relative Impact on Cardiometabolic Health in Adulthood

PurposePositive dimensions of psychological well-being in adolescence may help youth preserve cardiometabolic health (CMH) as they age, but little is known about which aspects of well-being matter most and for whom. This study examines the differential impact of five dimensions of adolescent psychological well-being on CMH maintenance in adulthood and considers social patterning in both their distribution and respective health benefits. MethodsData were from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (N = 3,464), five dimensions of psychological well-being were identified at baseline (1994–1995; mean age = 15 years): happiness, optimism, self-esteem, belonging, and feeling loved. CMH was measured using seven biomarkers related to chronic disease risk in 2008 (mean age = 28 years) and 2016–2018 (mean age = 38 years): high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, hemoglobin A1c, C-reactive protein, and body mass index. CMH maintenance in adulthood was characterized as having healthy levels of ≥6 biomarkers at each follow-up. ResultsYouth who reported higher levels of belonging in the teen years were more likely to maintain CMH across young adulthood than those who reported lower levels, regardless of one's social standing (ORper 1-standard deviation = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.03–1.46). Associations with other dimensions of well-being were heterogeneous by sex and race and ethnicity, while differences by socioeconomic factors were less apparent. DiscussionFostering belonging through supportive social environments may help set youth on positive health trajectories and prevent chronic disease across the lifespan.

The Role of the Perceived Neighborhood Social Environment on Adolescent Sedentary Behavior and Physical Activity: Findings from Add Health.

Few studies have examined the role of perceived neighborhood characteristics such as neighborhood safety, social cohesion, and contentedness on sedentary behavior (SB) and physical activity (PA) among adolescents. Furthermore, no studies have investigated how these associations are moderated by gender and race. This study aimed to examine the associations of the perceived neighborhood social environment with (SB) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Data from 6504 adolescents (aged 15.4 ± 0.03 years) who participated in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health was used. SB and PA were considered continuously and dichotomously. PNSE variables include safety, social cohesion, and contentedness, where higher values of PNSE indicate a more favorable neighborhood perception. Weighted linear and logistic regression models were used to examine the association of PNSE with continuous total SB (hours/week) and MVPA (bouts/week), and binary excessive SB (14h/week) and meeting MVPA guidelines (≥ 5 bouts/week), respectively. Associations were stratified by gender and race to test moderation effects. Models were adjusted for demographic, health, parental, and neighborhood covariates. This study found that neighborhood safety and contentedness were negatively associated with SB, whereas neighborhood social cohesion and contentedness were positively associated with PA. Gender-specific and race-specific results remained somewhat consistent with overall findings; however, neighborhood safety was not associated with SB among female and non-White adolescents, respectively. Similarly, neighborhood safety and contentedness were not associated with MVPA for non-White adolescents. Findings suggest that an adolescent's neighborhood environment, gender, and race should be considered when implementing strategies to reduce SB and increase PA.

Employment, Precarious Employment, and Unemployment Among Female Immigrant Youth in the United States

This article utilizes data sourced from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health to investigate the influence of various factors on the labor-force participation of young American women, including immigrant generational status, race/ethnicity, peer- and neighborhood-based indicators of social capital, and other predictors. The study defines labor-force participation according to three distinct outcomes: employment status, underemployment, and precarious employment. The findings reveal notable distinctions between generational immigrant groups; specifically, first-generation immigrants exhibit a lower likelihood of employment but a higher likelihood of underemployment and precarious employment when compared with third-generation women. Additionally, a positive association emerged between the mother’s education and employment, on the one hand, and her daughter’s employment, on the other.

Association Between Daily Physical Education Attendance and Meeting 24-Hour Movement Guidelines in Adolescence and Adulthood

PurposeTo investigate the relationship between participation in physical education lessons (PELs), i.e., minutes or frequency per week, and meeting the 24-hour movement guidelines (i.e., physical activity, screen time, and sleep duration) during adolescence (12–17 years old) and adulthood (33–39 years old). MethodsWe analyzed data from individuals who participated in Waves I (1994–1995) and V (2016–2018) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. We determined total weekly minutes of PELs and PELs participation by asking how many days adolescents attended PELs in an average week at school, with three possible responses as follows: 0, 1–4, or 5 days/week. Movement behaviors were assessed through self-completed questionnaires in both waves. ResultsDaily PELs participation during adolescence was related to higher odds of meeting five of more weekly sessions of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and all three guidelines in both sexes compared with adolescents who reported no days of PELs per week (men: incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.70, 95% CI 1.02–3.12; women: IRR = 3.81, 95% CI 1.65–8.77). Additionally, each additional weekly hour of PELs increased the likelihood of meeting all three recommendations (men: IRR = 1.11, 95% CI 1.05–1.35; women: IRR = 1.67, 95% CI 1.27–2.24). During adulthood, daily PELs was also related to a higher likelihood of meeting all three recommendations in both sexes (men: IRR = 1.04, 95% CI 1.01–1.07; women: IRR = 1.07, 95% CI 1.00–1.11). Each additional weekly hour of PELs increased the odds of meeting all three recommendations (men: IRR = 1.02, 95% CI 1.01–1.05; women: IRR = 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.06). DiscussionDaily PELs attendance was linked to healthy movement behaviors during adolescence, and these benefits could extend into adulthood.

Extending a Social Control Framework to Explain the Link between Romantic Relationships and Violent Victimization by Non-Intimate Perpetrators: A Study of Actor and Partner Effects*

Victim data reveals that romantic relationships correspond to significant reductions in violent victimizations committed by strangers and acquaintances. This study offers a more detailed exploration of this finding. Specifically, we investigate the effect of relationship quality and structure on victimization risk in combination with mechanisms a social control perspective would suggest as theoretically possible. We also consider the independent contributions of both romantic partners toward this apparent protective effect. We use two waves of adult data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, which include data from both respondent and their partner and adjust for treatment selection a series of models. The protective benefits of relationship quality for the individual respondent appeared to have: (1) functioned irrespective of their partner’s perception of relationship quality, (2) were negated or related to even greater victimization risk if the relationship quality was poor, and (3) were explained by reductions in lifestyle choices associated with risk of violent victimization.

Spotlighting racism in schools: Teacher mentors and the mediating effect of school safety.

Youth are more likely to succeed when they feel safe at school and have access to caring relationships with adults. Systemic racism interrupts access to these assets. Within schools, racially/ethnically minoritized youth encounter policies rooted in racism, leading to decreased perceptions of school safety. Having a teacher mentor may mitigate some of the harmful effects of systemic racism and discriminatory practices. Yet, teacher mentors may not be accessible to all students. In this study, the authors tested a putative explanatory hypothesis for differences between Black and white children's access to teacher mentors. Data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health were used. Linear regression models were used to predict access to teacher mentors, and a mediational analysis was conducted to determine the effect of school safety on the relationship between race and teacher mentor access. Results indicate that students from higher SES backgrounds and those with parents who have greater educational attainment are more likely to have a teacher mentor. Furthermore, Black students are less likely than white students to have a teacher mentor, and school safety mediates that relationship. The implications of this study suggest that challenging institutional racism and structures may improve perceptions of school safety and teacher mentor accessibility.

Binge drinking and violence in the transition to adulthood.

We analyzed data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) to test the hypothesis that binge drinking, rather than frequency of any drinking, would predict violent behavior in the transition from adolescence to adulthood (TAA). In conservative models, accounting for a host of factors relevant to the TAA, we find that binge drinking, but not frequency of drinking, is associated with violent behavior. The models included a control for nonviolent offending, conforming to studies of the "differential etiology of violence" thesis. In addition, we tested whether this association fell away among participants over the age of 21 and found that underage status did not mediate the association between binge drinking and violent behavior.

How disability severity is associated with changes in physical activity and inactivity from adolescence to young adulthood

BackgroundDisabilities may play a different role in determining people’s physical activity (PA) and physical inactivity (PI) levels when they go through multiple lifetime transitions (e.g., graduation, marriage) between adolescence and young adulthood. This study investigates how disability severity is associated with changes in PA and PI engagement levels, focusing on adolescence and young adulthood, when the patterns of PA and PI are usually formed.MethodsThe study employed data from Waves 1 (adolescence) and 4 (young adulthood) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, which covers a total of 15,701 subjects. We first categorized subjects into 4 disability groups: no, minimal, mild, or moderate/severe disability and/or limitation. We then calculated the differences in PA and PI engagement levels between Waves 1 and 4 at the individual level to measure how much the PA and PI levels of individuals changed between adolescence and young adulthood. Finally, we used two separate multinomial logistic regression models for PA and PI to investigate the relationships between disability severity and the changes in PA and PI engagement levels between the two periods after controlling for multiple demographic (age, race, sex) and socioeconomic (household income level, education level) variables.ResultsWe showed that individuals with minimal disabilities were more likely to decrease their PA levels during transitions from adolescence to young adulthood than those without disabilities.Our findings also revealed that individuals with moderate to severe disabilities tended to have higher PI levels than individuals without disabilities when they were young adults. Furthermore, we found that people above the poverty level were more likely to increase their PA levels to a certain degree compared to people in the group below or near the poverty level.ConclusionsOur study partially indicates that individuals with disabilities are more vulnerable to unhealthy lifestyles due to a lack of PA engagement and increased PI time compared to people without disabilities. We recommend that health agencies at the state and federal levels allocate more resources for individuals with disabilities to mitigate health disparities between those with and without disabilities.

Five-year obesity incidence in the transition period between adolescence and adulthood: the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health

No nationally representative longitudinal data have been analyzed to evaluate the incidence of obesity in the transition between adolescence and adulthood. The objective was to examine dynamic patterns of change in obesity among white, black, Hispanic, and Asian US teens as they transitioned to young adulthood. We used nationally representative, longitudinally measured height and weight data collected from US adolescents enrolled in wave II (1996; ages 13-20 y) and wave III (2001; 19-26 y) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (n = 9795). Obesity incidence was defined on the basis of International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) cutoffs (wave II), which link childhood body mass index (BMI) centiles to adult cutoffs (BMI > or = 30; wave III), for comparability between adolescence and adulthood. In addition, the more commonly used cutoff of BMI > or = 95th percentile for age- and sex-specific cutoffs from the 2000 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts for adolescents (wave II) were compared with adult cutoffs (BMI > or = 30; wave III). On the basis of the IOTF cutoffs, obesity incidence over the 5-y study period was 12.7%; 9.4% of the population remained obese and 1.6% shifted from obese to nonobese. Obesity incidence was especially high in non-Hispanic black (18.4%) females relative to white females. The prevalence of obesity increased from 10.9% in wave II to 22.1% in wave III, and extreme obesity was 4.3% at wave III on the basis of a BMI > or = 40. During a 5-y transitional period between adolescence and young adulthood, the proportion of adolescents becoming and remaining obese into adulthood was very high. This upward trend is likely to continue. Effective preventive and treatment efforts are critically needed.

Adolescent Psychological Assets and Cardiometabolic Health Maintenance in Adulthood: Implications for Health Equity

Background Positive cardiometabolic health (CMH) is defined as meeting recommended levels of multiple cardiometabolic risk factors in the absence of manifest disease. Prior work finds that few individuals-particularly members of minoritized racial and ethnic groups-meet these criteria. This study investigated whether psychological assets help adolescents sustain CMH in adulthood and explored interactions by race and ethnicity. Methods and Results Participants were 3478 individuals in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (49% female; 67% White, 15% Black, 11% Latinx, 6% other [Native American, Asian, or not specified]). In Wave 1 (1994-1995; mean age=16 years), data on 5 psychological assets (optimism, happiness, self-esteem, belongingness, and feeling loved) were used to create a composite asset index (range=0-5). In Waves 4 (2008; mean age=28 years) and 5 (2016-2018; mean age=38 years), CMH was defined using 7 clinically assessed biomarkers. Participants with healthy levels of ≥6 biomarkers at Waves 4 and 5 were classified as maintaining CMH over time. The prevalence of CMH maintenance was 12%. Having more psychological assets was associated with better health in adulthood (odds ratio [OR]linear trend, 1.12 [95% CI, 1.01-1.25]). Subgroup analyses found substantive associations only among Black participants (OR, 1.35 [95% CI, 1.00-1.82]). Additionally, there was some evidence that racial and ethnic disparities in CMH maintenance may be less pronounced among participants with more assets. Conclusions Youth with more psychological assets were more likely to experience favorable CMH patterns 2 decades later. The strongest associations were observed among Black individuals. Fostering psychological assets in adolescence may help prevent cardiovascular disease and play an underappreciated role in shaping health inequities.

A mother’s role in child morality development: Effect of explaining the wrongfulness of antisocial behavior on future adult offending

Morality, as discussed by mothers with their adolescent children, was tested as a disincentive for future adult crime via its effect on the antisocial thought processes of cognitive insensitivity (CINS) and cognitive impulsivity (CIMP). In this study, the ability of CINS and CIMP to mediate the effect of a mother’s discussions of ethics with her child on future adult offending was assessed in a group of 3,958 adolescents (1,785 males, 2,173 females) from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). A path analysis was performed, controlling for maternal warmth, encouragement of independence, communication, and knowledge, as well as peer delinquency. Consistent with predictions, the results showed that CINS, but not CIMP, negatively mediated the mother ethical discussions–participant offending relationship. These results highlight the salience of inductive parenting in the form of mother-child discussions on ethics and the wrongfulness of antisocial behavior in preventing future adult offending by inhibiting CINS in late adolescence.

Racial Disparities in School Belonging and Prospective Associations With Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome

School belonging has important implications for academic, psychological, and health outcomes, but the associations between racial disparities in school belonging and health have not been explored to date. To examine associations between school-level racial disparities in belonging and cardiometabolic health into adulthood in a national sample of Black and White children, adolescents, and young adults. Prospective cohort study of a US national sample of 4830 Black and White students (National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health) followed up for 13 years. The study was conducted from 1994 to 1995 for wave 1 and in 2008 for wave 4. Data were analyzed from June 14 to August 13, 2021. School-level racial disparities in belonging at baseline were calculated as the mean level of school belonging for Black students minus the mean level of school belonging for White students at the school that they attended when they were aged 12 to 20 years. Diabetes and metabolic syndrome were measured as outcomes for these same participants at 24 to 32 years of age. The study included 4830 students. For wave 1, mean (SD) age was 16.1 (1.7) years, and for wave 4, 29.0 (1.7) years. A total of 2614 (54.1%) were female, 2219 were non-Hispanic Black (45.9%), and 2611 were non-Hispanic White (54.1%). Among Black students, attending a school with a greater Black-White disparity in school belonging (more negative scores) was associated with an increased risk for diabetes (odds ratio, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.46-0.95]) and more risk factors for metabolic syndrome (rate ratio, 0.95 [95% CI, 0.90-1.00]) in adulthood 13 years later. These associations persisted above individual-level controls (age, sex, and body mass index) and school-level controls (school size, percentage of Black students, and percentage of Black teachers) and were not explained by either an individual's own perception of school belonging or the mean level of belonging across the whole school. In this prospective cohort study of US students, racial disparities in school belonging were associated with risks for diabetes and metabolic syndrome in Black students. Among students, fostering a more equal sense of school belonging across racial groups may have implications for health disparities in the cardiometabolic domain into adulthood.

Twenty-four-hour movement guidelines during adolescence and its association with obesity at adulthood: results from a nationally representative study

To determine the association between adherence to the 24-h movement guidelines during adolescence with obesity at adulthood 14 years later in a nationally representative cohort. We analyzed data from 6984 individuals who participated in Waves I (1994–1995) and IV (2008–2009) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) in the USA. Obesity was defined by the International Obesity Task Force cut-off points at Wave I and adult cut-points at Wave IV (body mass index [BMI]≥30 kg/m2 and waist circumference [WC]≥102 cm in male and 88 cm in female). Physical activity, screen time and sleep duration were self-reported. Adolescents who met screen time recommendation alone (β = −1.62 cm, 95%CI −2.68 cm to −0.56), jointly with physical activity (β = −2.25 cm, 95%CI −3.75 cm to −0.75 cm), and those who met all three recommendations (β = −1.92 cm, 95%CI −3.81 cm to −0.02 cm) obtained lower WC at Wave IV than those who did not meet any of these recommendations. Our results also show that meeting with screen time recommendations (IRR [incidence rate ratio] = 0.84, 95%CI 0.76 to 0.92) separately and jointly with physical activity recommendations (IRR = 0.86, 95%CI 0.67 to 0.97) during adolescence is associated with lower risk of abdominal obesity at adulthood. In addition, adolescents who met all 24-h movement recommendations had lower risk of abdominal obesity later in life (IRR = 0.76, 95%CI 0.60 to 0.97).Conclusion: Promoting the adherence to the 24-h movement guidelines from adolescence, especially physical activity and screen time, seems to be related with lower risk of abdominal obesity later in life, but not for BMI.What is Known:• Some studies have shown a relationship between adherence to 24-h movement guidelines and adiposity or obesity markers in youth. However, most of these studies have a cross-sectional design or a short follow-up.What is New:• This is the first study which determined the association between adherence to the 24-h movement guidelines during adolescence with obesity at adulthood 14 years later in a nationally representative US cohort.• Meeting the 24-h movement guidelines from adolescence seems to be related with lower risk of abdominal obesity later in life, but not for body mass index.

2077. Assessing the Association Between Parent-Child Relationships and HIV Testing in the Asian American Population: A Longitudinal Study

Abstract Background Asian Americans (AAs) make up approximately 2% of new HIV diagnoses, 1.5% of all diagnoses, and are the only ethnic group noted to have a continuous increase in infection rate from 2011 to 2016. AAs also report the lowest rates of HIV testing (33.5%). Barriers to HIV testing in Asian Americans continue to exist; however, the predictors of HIV testing among Asians in the United States are not well studied. Prior studies have shown that the parent-child relationship may play a role in increasing the likelihood of HIV testing. One study found that father-child communication in the Black population was positively associated with HIV testing. No such study has been performed in the AA population. This study examined the association between parent-child relationships and HIV testing in AAs to understand what factors can contribute to increased HIV testing uptake. Methods We used data from Waves I and III of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, a nationally representative, longitudinal study. Parent-child relationships were categorized as authoritarian (low warmth, high control), permissive (high warmth, low control), neglectful (low warmth, low control) and compared to an authoritative reference group (high warmth, high control. Based on prior studies as well as theory, age, gender, and parental education were included as covariates. Analyses were performed using Stata 17.0. We used multivariate logistic regression, controlling for covariates. Analyses were weighted to account for the complex survey design. Results 302 respondents self-reported as Asian. 147 (48.68%) identified as female. 42 respondents (13.91%) reported having been tested for HIV, while 259 (85.76%) did not. Compared to the authoritative reference group, both authoritarian and neglectful parenting were significantly associated with having a lower likelihood of obtaining an HIV test (authoritarian OR 0.27, p=0.026; neglectful OR 0.08, p=0.026), after adjusting for covariates. Conclusion Authoritative parenting style is most supportive of HIV testing in Asian American adolescents and young adults, while authoritarian and neglectful parenting predicted decreased HIV testing. Parenting style likely plays a role in HIV testing uptake in the Asian American population. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures.

Trajectories of 24-h movement guidelines from middle adolescence to adulthood on depression and suicidal ideation: a 22-year follow-up study

Background:The 24-h movement guidelines for youth and adults recommend the specific duration of physical activity, sedentary time, and sleep duration to ensure optimal health, but little is known about its relationship to mental health indicators. The aim of the study was to explore the association between 24-h movement guidelines in adolescence and its trajectories from middle adolescence (12–17 years old) to adulthood (33–39 years old) with depression and suicidal ideation in adulthood.Methods:This prospective cohort study included individuals who participated in Waves I (1994–1995) and V (2016–2018) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) in the United States. Physical activity, screen time and sleep duration were measured using questionnaires. Adults were categorized as having depression if they had a self-reported history of depression and/or prescription medication-use for depression in the previous four weeks. Suicidal ideation was assessed by a self-reported single question in both waves. Poisson regression analyses were used to estimate the incidence rate ratio (IRR) of depression and suicidal ideation at adulthood, according to meeting specific and combinations of 24-h movement guidelines at Wave I and its trajectories from adolescence to adulthood.Results:The study included 7,069 individuals (56.8% women). Adolescents who met physical activity guidelines and all three guidelines at middle adolescence had lower risk of depression (IRR = 0.84, 95%CI 0.72 to 0.98) and suicidal ideation (IRR = 0.74, 95%CI 0.55 to 0.99) at adulthood than those who did not meet any of these guidelines, respectively. Individuals who met the guidelines for screen time and all three guidelines in both adolescence and adulthood had lower risk of depression (screen time, IRR = 0.87, 95% CI 0.72 to 0.98; all three, IRR = 0.37, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.92) and suicidal ideation (screen time, IRR = 0.74, 95% CI 0.51 to 0.97; all three, IRR = 0.12, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.33) than those who never met the guidelines. Additionally, individuals who did not meet all three guidelines in adolescence but met the guidelines in adulthood had lower risk of suicidal ideation than those who never met the guidelines (IRR = 0.81, 95%CI 0.45 to 0.89).Conclusion:Our findings highlight the importance of promoting and maintaining adherence to the 24-h movement guidelines from middle adolescence to adulthood to prevent mental health problems. However, our findings must be interpreted carefully due to declared limitations, e.g., the self-reported assessments which are subject to sources of error and bias or that the dataset used to gauge meeting a guidelines (1994–1996) was made later (2016).

Multi-dimensional hyper-selectivity and divergent mobilities: second-generation Filipinos and Chinese

ABSTRACT Asian Americans are generally understood as a success story: scholars point out the incredible educational leaps in the second-generation. As a result, research on Asians is often devoted to explaining why mobility occurs. A recent explanation points to immigrant hyper-selectivity: post-1965 Asian immigrants come to the U.S. highly educated. Yet, research has shown divergent patterns among two of the largest hyper-selected Asian groups, Chinese and Filipinos: while the former achieves tremendous educational gains in the second-generation, the latter experiences stagnation. Drawing on data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, the following study examines why current hyper-selectivity literature fails to explain the two groups’ disparate outcomes. Findings point to unequal levels of hyper-selectivity between Chinese and Filipinos, largely due to their opposing gendered migrations. In addition, the study illustrates a Filipino penalty in education vis-à-vis their Chinese counterparts.

Rural Kids and Wealth.

Wealth ownership is a critical component of economic well-being, and wealth in early adulthood provides important clues about the trajectories along which individuals move throughout their lives. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), we find an association between growing up rural and adult wealth that varies across the components of wealth. We also find that growing up rural has unique implications for young adult wealth ownership that differ from growing up in other geographic regions, particularly in urban areas. Our results highlight an important outcome that is conditioned by growing up rural and underscores the importance of context for understanding how families save and accumulate wealth.

Obesity Incidence in U.S. Children and Young Adults: A Pooled Analysis

Obesity prevalence among children and adolescents has risen sharply, yet there is a limited understanding of the age-specific dynamics of obesity as there is no single nationally representative cohort following children into young adulthood. Investigators constructed a pooled data set of 5 nationally representative panels and modeled age-specific obesity incidence from childhood into young adulthood. This longitudinal prospective follow-up used 718,560 person-years of observation in a pooled data set of 5 high-quality nationally representative panels-National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 and 1997, National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, and Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten cohorts of 1998 and 2011-constructed by the authors, covering 1980-2016. Differences in obesity incidence across birth cohorts and disparities in obesity incidence by sex and race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic White) were tested in multivariate models. Data were analyzed from September 2018 to October 2021. Obesity incidence increased by approximately 6% for each 1 year of age (hazard ratio=1.06, 95% CI=1.05, 1.07); however, incidence was nonlinear, exhibiting an inverted "U"-shaped pattern before 15 years of age and then rising from adolescence through 30 years. Obesity incidence more than doubled between the cohorts born in 1957-1965 and those born in 1974-1985 during adolescence. There was no significant change among those born in 1991-1994 and 2003-2006 up to age 15 years. Compared with non-Hispanic White children, non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic children had higher obesity incidence in all study cohorts. The magnitude of these disparities on the relative scale remained stable throughout the study period. Although many children become obese before the age of 10, obesity incidence rises from about 15 years into early adulthood, suggesting that interventions are required at multiple developmental stages.