Longevity Program Research Articles

ADAPTATION MECHANISMS ARE USED BY THE BODY OF STUDENTS FOR RECOVERY AFTER PHYSICAL EXERTION

The study of the morphofunctional features of the body's adaptation to constantly changing living conditions is considered one of the most important problems of biology and medicine today. The effectiveness of adaptive processes in the body is the primary basis of good health and high productivity. Therefore, the resolution of the unexplained issues of this problem is important for the prevention and treatment of diseases, the search for effective rehabilitation measures. Knowledge of the laws of adaptation of the human body (athlete) to physical exertion is an objective prerequisite for the effective use of physical exercises in the rationalization of physical training aimed at preserving and strengthening people's health, increasing their work capacity, and implementing a genetically programmed longevity program. The defining function of muscle activity is the function of active adaptation of the body to constantly changing environmental conditions. The ultimate goal of this active adjustment is to maintain internal constancy environment, expanding the homeostatic limits of individual physiological constants, ensuring highly productive activity. The most effective means of adaptive change of a person's own nature is systematic physical training. High perfection of mechanisms of neurohumoral regulation functions; optimization of inter-system and intra-system connections; high development of self-regulation in the activity of functional systems. There is a direct relationship between the power of work and the perfection of mechanisms of regulation of functions: the more intensively the body functions under conditions of physical exertion, the greater the tension of regulatory systems; the more perfectly function regulation systems function, the body will be able to develop greater work capacity [1].

A Brain Anti-Senescence Transcriptional Program Triggered by Hypothalamic-Derived Exosomal microRNAs.

In contrast to the hypothesis that aging results from cell-autonomous deterioration processes, the programmed longevity theory proposes that aging arises from a partial inactivation of a "longevity program" aimed at maintaining youthfulness in organisms. Supporting this hypothesis, age-related changes in organisms can be reversed by factors circulating in young blood. Concordantly, the endocrine secretion of exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) by hypothalamic neural stem cells (htNSCs) regulates the aging rate by enhancing physiological fitness in young animals. However, the specific molecular mechanisms through which hypothalamic-derived miRNAs exert their anti-aging effects remain unexplored. Using experimentally validated miRNA-target gene interactions and single-cell transcriptomic data of brain cells during aging and heterochronic parabiosis, we identify the main pathways controlled by these miRNAs and the cell-type-specific gene networks that are altered due to age-related loss of htNSCs and the subsequent decline in specific miRNA levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Our bioinformatics analysis suggests that these miRNAs modulate pathways associated with senescence and cellular stress response, targeting crucial genes such as Cdkn2a, Rps27, and Txnip. The oligodendrocyte lineage appears to be the most responsive to age-dependent loss of exosomal miRNA, leading to significant derepression of several miRNA target genes. Furthermore, heterochronic parabiosis can reverse age-related upregulation of specific miRNA-targeted genes, predominantly in brain endothelial cells, including senescence promoting genes such as Cdkn1a and Btg2. Our findings support the presence of an anti-senescence mechanism triggered by the endocrine secretion of htNSC-derived exosomal miRNAs, which is associated with a youthful transcriptional signature.

Exploring juventology: unlocking the secrets of youthspan and longevity programs.

In recent decades, the study of biological aging has evolved from simplistic theories like the free radical theory to more complex and nuanced perspectives. In particular, the identification of evolutionary conserved genes and signaling pathways that can modulate both lifespan but also healthspan has resulted in the expanding understanding of the link between nutrients, signal transduction proteins, and aging along with substantial support for the existence of multiple "longevity programs," which are activated based on the availability of nutrients. Periodic fasting and other dietary restrictions can promote entry into a longevity program characterized by cellular protection and optimized function, and the activation of regenerative processes that lead to rejuvenation. This review discusses the idea of juventology, a novel field proposing the existence of longevity programs that can maintain organisms in a highly functional state for extended periods of time. Drawing upon research on Saccharomyces cerevisiae and other model organisms, the review explores the distinctiveness of juventology from traditional aging-centered views. The focus on the "age of youth" challenges conventional thinking and opens new avenues for understanding and extending the period of peak functionality in organisms. Thus, a "juventology"-based strategy can complement the traditional gerontology approach by focusing not on aging but on the longevity program affecting the life history period in which mortality is very low and organisms remain youthful, healthy, and fully functional.

“Active Longevity”: Searching for Answers to New Challenges (on the Example of the Program “Moscow Longevity”)

Introduction. Orientation to an active (prosperous old age) is one of the global trends in the development of society, and, accordingly, an urgent topic for research. The general, positive message, however, is accompanied by challenges that arise in the process of older people's perception of “active longevity” as a way of life and as a direction of social policy. The author also examines “active longevity”" on the example of the Moscow Longevity program from two sides: positive and negative.Methodology and sources. It was conducted 32 interviews with older Muscovites (55 and over) who have ever participated in “The Moscow Longevity” program. A secondary analysis of the available publications on the research topic based on qualitative methods was also carried out.Results and discussion. It was found that the concept of “active aging” and “active longevity” was not the same. In the case of longevity, this is a positive process, in the case of aging negative. The blur of the age framework, forces a person, or continue to be active, or reject new requirements and then recognize himself as old. At the same time, informants do not consider themselves old and do not want them to be addressed as “elderly”, “old”. The Moscow Longevity program is perceived ambiguously, on the one hand, it provides a whole range of opportunities for active life, on the other, it also covers the initially active people of older age.Conclusion. Active longevity is associated with challenges: the blurring of the limits of the permissibility of old age, ageism in communication, race/rejection of maintaining appearance and an active lifestyle. It is necessary to cope with them at the level of the individual, society, and the country. Being active at an older age means seeing the horizon of the future and living in an individually comfortable rhythm. The imposition of the preservation of youth and the performance of a template activity must be transformed into freedom of choice. Not everyone wants an active life, in the sense in which it is proposed by the policy of active longevity. And for those who want to be active, it is necessary to expand the possibilities of implementing the “Moscow Longevity” program.

Russian and foreign experience of cultural and leisure activities of older citizens as a way of active longevity (review)

Objective: to analyze the impact of existing cultural and leisure activities in Russia and foreign countries on the lives of older people. 34 sources were used to write the review article, including scientific publications presented on the following Internet resources: eLibrary, Google Scholar, Cyberleninka, published in the period from 2012 to 2022. As a result of the review, it was concluded that there is a wide variety of active longevity programs around the world for the elderly, which help to maintain an active lifestyle, maintain mental and physical activity and be adapted to social life.

Evaluation of the elderly people satisfaction with social programs of active longevity, on the example of the city of Moscow

The aging of the population is a new global problem, which attracts much attention in many countries: the strategies and programs aimed at maintaining the health of people over working age are being developed and implemented.Aim. Due to the increasing part of the elderly in the total population and the number of state programs implemented in the Russian Federation to support them, it is interesting to evaluate the satisfaction of this target group with active longevity program on the example of the Moscow Longevity Center program.Materials and methods. The object of the study was the population of retirement age in the South-eastern administrative District (Marjino, Kapotnya) of Moscow. The site was the territorial social centers of the South-Eastern Administrative District of Marjino, Kapotnya. The subject of the study was state social programs for citizens of retirement age. The questionnaire, including 15 closed and 1 open question was created in order to study the satisfaction of citizens of retirement age with active longevity programs.Results. Social programs for active longevity have a positive effect on citizens of retirement age, which affects their wellbeing, physical and social activities, and also encourages the population to maintain a healthy lifestyle.Conclusion. The study showed that state social programs of supporting citizens of retirement age are an example of effective interagency cooperation, they contribute to improving the quality of the active life of older people and should be actively developed and implemented throughout the Russian Federation.

Проблемы медицинского обеспечения лиц старше трудоспособного возраста (на примере Республики Татарстан)

Currently, most countries are showing a demographic trend characterized by an increase in the number of older people. In Russia, there is also a significant aging of the population, in connection with which, the number of people older than working age seeking medical care is growing every year. At the same time, the need is growing not only for treatment and rehabilitation, but also for the prevention of diseases, the implementation of active longevity programs. All this emphasizes the relevance and necessity of high-quality and sufficient medical support for this category of people. Purpose: to study the features of medical support for people older than working age on the example of the Republic of Tatarstan. Materials and methods: the data of official statistics, including those of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan, were used in the work. Analytical, statistical, mathematical research methods were used. Findings: To create optimal resource provision in the provision of medical care to people older than working age, it is necessary to: introduce new indicators of the state of health, increase the number of geriatricians, increase the number of geriatric beds, not reduce therapeutic beds, constantly increase the coverage of preventive medical examinations, medical examinations of people older than working age age, based on their share in the population structure (at least 25%).

KNOWLEDGE DEFICITS ABOUT THE SAFE USE OF PRESCRIPTION OPIOIDS AND NALOXONE IN OLDER ADULTS IN ARKANSAS

Abstract Older adults might be more likely to experience adverse effects of opioid medications, or accidental overdose because of age-related multi-morbidities and polypharmacy. Arkansas has the second highest legal opioid prescription rate in the nation hence disseminating information to older individuals is key in fighting the opioid epidemic. As part of an Opioid Prevention for Aging and Longevity Program, we conducted a community-based, cross-sectional, anonymous survey of individuals >59 years about opioids, the common side effects and use of naloxone. The total N was 304, and the response per item varied from 236-298. Respondents’ knowledge was strongest for preventative safety measures: to avoid drinking alcohol when using opioids 90.94% and to lock opioids in a secure location when children are nearby (89.49%). About three-quarters of respondents correctly identified medications classified as opioid (70.34%) or non-opioid (74.48%). Similarly, 75.36% recognized a non-opioid, ibuprofen, as the appropriate pain medication for back pain. The side effects of opioids not as well recognized. Sleepiness and trouble driving was the best understood side effect (72.18%). In contrast, the side-effect of constipation was correctly identified in just 34.17% of responses and trouble urinating in only 26.79%. In addition, a key emergency safety measure in case of opioid over-dose was far less known: Only 63.98% were able to correctly identify naloxone as an antidote for opioid overdose.Older adults exhibited gaps in knowledge about the common side effects of prescription opioids and were unaware of the life-saving role of naloxone in reversing the effects of opioid overdose.

Features of the immune profile and polymorphism of candidate genes in children population of an industrially developed region with excessive contamination of the biological medium with mercury

Introduction. Analyzing the negative impact of technogenic chemicals on the health of the children’s population of industrially developed regions is an urgent problem of preventive medicine. Excessive accumulation of mercury in the human body causes disadaptation changes in the immune regulation of physiological processes. Therefore, the analysis of the features of the immune profile associated with polymorphic variants of candidate genes as markers of early disorders of the child population’s health status is relevant in preserving the health of the population of industrialized regions. Materials and methods. A clinical and laboratory examination of the biological environment of 215 children aged 4-6 years was carried out. The observation group consisted of 133 people living in an industrially developed region. The comparison group consisted of 82 people living in a relatively clean territory. The level of contamination of the biological medium with mercury was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Identification of CD3+CD4+ -, CD3+CD8+- and CD19+ - lymphocytes was performed by flow cytofluorometry. The study of the phagocytic activity of leukocytes was carried out using formalized ram erythrocytes. The level of IgG production was determined using radial immunodiffusion by Mancini, specific IgG to mercury was carried out using allergosorbent testing with an enzyme label. Identification of single-nucleotide polymorphic variants (SNP) of the GSTA4 (rs3756980), FOXP3 (rs3761547), MTR (rs1805087), TERT (rs10054203) genes was carried out by real-time PCR. Results. Children living near the territory of the chemical industry enterprise in conditions of mercury exposure at a level not exceeding hygienic standards are characterized by an increased level of mercury contamination of urine, exceeding the reference level and the level of the comparison group by 1.8 times (p<0.05). The immune profile of children in the observation group is characterized by a decrease in the CD4+/CD8+ immunoregulatory index due to the decline of CD3+CD4+ helpers and hyperproduction of CD3+CD8+ cytotoxic lymphocytes, inhibition of the phagocytic activity of leukocytes (percentage of phagocytosis, phagocytic number, phagocytic index) against the background of an increase in CD19+ lymphocytes, serum IgG and a marker of specific sensitization - IgG to mercury (p<0.05). Changes in the immune profile of children with an increased level of mercury contamination are associated with the C-allele and TC-heterozygous and CC-homozygous genotypes of the GSTA4 gene (rs3756980), the C-allele and CC-genotype of the FOXP3 gene (rs3761547), the A-allele and AA-genotype of the MTR gene (rs1805087) (OR>1, p<0.05), the G-allele and GG-genotype of the TERT gene (rs10054203) (p<0.05). These genes are responsible for the features of detoxification processes, immunoregulation and longevity programs. Conclusion. The established features of cellular (decrease in CD4+/CD8+ due to CD3+CD4+ deficiency with simultaneous increase in CD3+CD8+, inhibition of phagocytosis) and humoral (hyperproduction of IgG, specific IgG to mercury, CD19+) immunity associated with polymorphic variants of the glutathione S-transferase GSTA4 (rs3756980), transcription factor FOXP3 (rs3761547), MTR (rs1805087), TERT telomerase (rs10054203) in children with excessive contamination of the biological medium with mercury, a complex of immune and genetic markers of the effect and sensitivity of mercury exposure is formed.

"Village participants’ perceptions on the use of the Health Guardian for Longevity Program to sustain health in West Africa?"

"Village participants’ perceptions on the use of the Health Guardian for Longevity Program to sustain health in West Africa?"

Active Longevity program as important element of rehabilitation of elderly patients in primary health care

Progressive increase in the proportion of elderly patients in the population of many countries actualizes the issues of preserving physical and mental health, working capacity and quality of life of retirees. As a part of preventive geriatric rehabilitation, ‘the Active Longevity’ program has been operating in many cities of Russia over the past three years, one of the aspects of the program is the involvement of elderly patients in active life, including an increase in physical activity. This study included 744 patients who attended face‑to‑face physical training sessions. According to the results of the survey, 41% of pensioners noted an increase of daily physical activity, 94% reported an improvement in health and mood, the level of total blood cholesterol decreased. Almost all patients, both with and without clinical and subclinical manifestations of anxiety and depression, reported a good and very good mood immediately after exercise. Increasing physical activity in elderly patients improves the quality of life and prolongs its duration, and is also an effective method of non‑drug treatment of anxiety‑depressive disorders.

Season-of-birth phenomenon in health and longevity: epidemiologic evidence and mechanistic considerations.

In many human populations, especially those living in regions with pronounced climatic differences between seasons, the most sensitive (prenatal and neonatal) developmental stages occur in contrasting conditions depending on the season of conception. The difference in prenatal and postnatal environments may be afactor significantly affecting human development and risk for later life chronic diseases. Factors potentially contributing to this kind of developmental programming include nutrition, outdoor temperature, infectious exposures, duration of sunlight, vitamin D synthesis, etc. Month of birth is commonly used as a proxy for exposures which vary seasonally around the perinatal period. Season-of-birth patterns have been identified for many chronic health outcomes. In this review, the research evidence for the seasonality of birth in adult-life disorders is provided and potential mechanisms underlying the phenomenon of early life seasonal programming of chronic disease and longevity are discussed.

Реализация государственной программы «Московское долголетие» как способ минимизации рисков пожилых

The author sees the expediency of a study in analyz-ing the results of the implementation of the program “Moscow longevity”, not only from the point of view of expanding the opportunities for the participation of senior citizens in leisure activities, as indicated in official documents, but also of overcoming the un-certainty of the life situation, minimizing the risks of the elderly through involvement in cultural and lei-sure activities. Low engagement rates indirectly characterize the conscious choice of elderly Musco-vites not in favor of the Moscow Longevity program. Most of all complaints are caused by unsuitable conditions for classes, as well as poor organization of activities. Senior citizens are still at risk due to the vacuum and uncertainty of the future. In the condi-tions of uncertainty associated with the forced in-definite self-isolation, this manifested itself especial-ly sharply: both the Moscow Longevity program and many elderly residents of the capital were not ready to break the usual way of life.

Modern prevention and active longevity programs on the basis of disruptive domestic technologies: positive experience and prospects for application

The article summarizes the long-term experience of practical application of domestic breakthrough technologies of preventive personalized medicine for laboratory diagnostics of a wide range of socially significant non-infectious diseases. Conceptual approaches to the formation of an integrated program for early detection and prevention of civilization diseases based on these technologies are given. A vision of the prospects for the development of this area in domestic and foreign medicine has been formed.

Perception of elderly related to the risk of falls and their associated factors

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the association of the perception of the elderly on the risk factors for falls. Methods: An Analytical cross-sectional study with 190 elderly from the Healthy Longevity Program of a public university in Mato Grosso, from May to August 2016. The collection wasdone through a structured interview and vignettes. Performed descriptive and bivariate analyzes - Pearson chi-square test (x2) significance level of 5%. The crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR), with confidence intervals (95%), were also estimated, followed by Poisson multiple regression. Results: Of the participants, 64.2% had a satisfactory perception about the risk factors for falls. The prevalence of unsatisfactory risk perception was 105% higher in those with income from 1 to 3 minimum wages, 75% higher in those with low risk of falls and 46% higher in those who did not attend another social group. Conclusion and implications for the practice: A significant proportion of the elderly have an unsatisfactory risk perception for the risk factors for falls associated with low income, not attending another social group and the low risk of falls. Knowledge about the risk perception of falls in the elderly helps nurses to plan and implement fall prevention programs for this population.

Longevity-related molecular pathways are subject to midlife "switch" in humans.

Emerging evidence indicates that molecular aging may follow nonlinear or discontinuous trajectories. Whether this occurs in human neuromuscular tissue, particularly for the noncoding transcriptome, and independent of metabolic and aerobic capacities, is unknown. Applying our novel RNA method to quantify tissue coding and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), we identified ~800 transcripts tracking with age up to ~60 years in human muscle and brain. In silico analysis demonstrated that this temporary linear “signature” was regulated by drugs, which reduce mortality or extend life span in model organisms, including 24 inhibitors of the IGF‐1/PI3K/mTOR pathway that mimicked, and 5 activators that opposed, the signature. We profiled Rapamycin in nondividing primary human myotubes (n = 32 HTA 2.0 arrays) and determined the transcript signature for reactive oxygen species in neurons, confirming that our age signature was largely regulated in the “pro‐longevity” direction. Quantitative network modeling demonstrated that age‐regulated ncRNA equaled the contribution of protein‐coding RNA within structures, but tended to have a lower heritability, implying lncRNA may better reflect environmental influences. Genes ECSIT, UNC13, and SKAP2 contributed to a network that did not respond to Rapamycin, and was associated with “neuron apoptotic processes” in protein–protein interaction analysis (FDR = 2.4%). ECSIT links inflammation with the continued age‐related downwards trajectory of mitochondrial complex I gene expression (FDR < 0.01%), implying that sustained inhibition of ECSIT may be maladaptive. The present observations link, for the first time, model organism longevity programs with the endogenous but temporary genome‐wide responses to aging in humans, revealing a pattern that may ultimately underpin personalized rates of health span.

Longevity studies on the CMS-RPC system

In the next decades, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will run at very high luminosity (HL-LHC) 5×1034 cm−2s−1, factor five more than the nominal LHC luminosity. During this period the CMS RPC system will be subjected to high background rates which could affect the performance by inducing aging effects. A dedicated longevity program to qualify the present RPC system for the HL-LHC running period is ongoing. At the CERN Gamma Irradiation Facility (GIF++) four RPC detectors, from the spare production, are exposed to an intense gamma radiation for a dose equivalent to the one expected at the HL-LHC . The main detector parameters are under monitoring as a function of the integrated charge and the performance is studied with a muon beam. Preliminary results of the study after having collected ≈ 34% of the expected integrated charge will be presented.

Programmed longevity, youthspan, and juventology.

The identification of conserved genes and pathways that regulate lifespan but also healthspan has resulted in an improved understanding of the link between nutrients, signal transduction proteins, and aging but has also provided evidence for the existence of multiple “longevity programs,” which are selected based on the availability of nutrients. Periodic fasting and other dietary restrictions can promote entry into a long‐lasting longevity program characterized by cellular protection and optimal function but can also activate regenerative processes that lead to rejuvenation, which are independent of the aging rate preceding the restricted period. Thus, a “juventology”‐based strategy can complement the traditional gerontology approach by focusing not on aging but on the longevity program affecting the life history period in which mortality is very low and organisms remain youthful, healthy, and fully functional.

Maternal nutrient restriction in baboon programs later-life cellular growth and respiration of cultured skin fibroblasts: a potential model for the study of aging-programming interactions.

Compelling data exist for programming of chronic later-life diseases and longevity by perinatal developmental programming challenges. Understanding mechanisms by which life course health trajectory and longevity are set is fundamental to understanding aging. Appropriate approaches are needed to determine programming effects on cellular function. We have developed a baboon model in which control mothers eat ad libitum while a second group eat 70% of the global diet fed controls, leading to male and female offspring intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). We have shown that IUGR suffer from acceleration of several age-related physiological declines. Here, we report on a skin-derived fibroblast model with potential relevance for mechanistic studies on how IUGR impacts aging. Fibroblasts were cultured from the skin biopsies taken from adult baboons from control and IUGR cohorts. IUGR-derived fibroblasts grew in culture less well than controls and those derived from male, but not female, IUGR baboons had a significant reduction in maximum respiration rate compared to control-derived fibroblasts. We also show that relative levels of several mitochondrial protein subunits, including NDUFB8 and cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV, were reduced in IUGR-derived fibroblasts even after serial passaging in culture. The lower levels of electron transport system components provide potential mechanisms for accelerated life course aging in the setting of programmed IUGR. This observation fits with the greater sensitivity of males compared with females to many, but not all, outcomes in response to programming challenges. These approaches will be powerful in the determination of programming-aging interactions.

The impact of the health guardian for longevity program in bridging the gap to tailored-center health care for residents of Se village, West Africa

The impact of the health guardian for longevity program in bridging the gap to tailored-center health care for residents of Se village, West Africa