Longevity Group Research Articles

Predictors and shared traits of longevity within 1 year before death in patients with schizophrenia receiving long-term care: 3-year retrospective cross-sectional study.

Research on schizophrenia and life expectancy has mainly focused on premature mortality. This study investigates factors associated with longevity in patients with schizophrenia receiving long-term care and identifies shared traits among these individuals. A retrospective cross-sectional study analysing the clinical records of 138 patients with schizophrenia who died between 2015 and 2017 in a psychiatric long-term care facility was conducted. Longevity was defined by life tables drawn from the national health database. Variables were compared between longevity and control groups to determine predictors of longer lifespans. Cluster analysis was employed to identify shared traits among individuals with longevity. Causes of death by age were compared. In the long-term care setting, of the 138 participants, 45 were in the longevity group. This group had more males, lower antipsychotic doses, but more mobility issues. Significant predictors of longevity included older age at onset, longer length of stay, lower activities of daily living scores and a hypertension diagnosis. Cluster analysis revealed two patterns, suggesting that poorer health indicators did not necessarily lead to shorter lives. Fatalities caused by pneumonia were associated with a higher age, compared to those from cancer and choking. Addressing modifiable risk factors enhances life expectancy in patients with schizophrenia, especially for males, while the age at onset may play a significant role. An integrated long-term care model with close monitoring and timely provision of mental and general healthcare may help extend lifespans. Further research is needed to balance long-term residential care and community-based care for elderly patients with schizophrenia.

Structural characteristics of gut microbiota in longevity from Changshou town, Hubei, China

The gut microbiota (GM) and its potential functions play a crucial role in maintaining host health and longevity. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential relationship between GM and longevity. We collected fecal samples from 92 healthy volunteers (middle-aged and elderly: 43–79 years old; longevity: ≥ 90 years old) from Changshou Town, Zhongxiang City, Hubei, China. In addition, we collected samples from 30 healthy middle-aged and elderly controls (aged 51–70 years) from Wuhan, Hubei. The 16S rDNA V3 + V4 region of the fecal samples was sequenced using high-throughput sequencing technology. Diversity analysis results showed that the elderly group with longevity and the elderly group with low body mass index (BMI) exhibited higher α diversity. However, no significant difference was observed in β diversity. The results of the microbiome composition indicate that Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidota are the core phyla in all groups. Compared to younger elderly individuals, Akkermansia and Lactobacillus are significantly enriched in the long-lived elderly group, while Megamonas is significantly reduced. In addition, a high abundance of Akkermansia is a significant characteristic of elderly populations with low BMI values. Furthermore, the functional prediction results showed that the elderly longevity group had higher abilities in short-chain fatty acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and xenobiotic biodegradation. Taken together, our study provides characteristic information on GM in the long-lived elderly population in Changshou Town. This study can serve as a valuable addition to the current research on age-related GM.Key points• The gut microbiota of elderly individuals with longevity and low BMI exhibit higher alpha diversity• Gut microbiota diversity did not differ significantly between genders in the elderly population• Several potentially beneficial bacteria (e.g., Akkermansia and Lactobacillus) are enriched in long-lived individuals

A prospective cohort study of factors associated with longevity in older adults in 10 areas of China

Objective: To evaluate the associations of sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle factors with longevity status in older adults in China. Methods: After excluding those born after 31st December 1938, a total of 51 870 older adults from the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) were included. The attained age was defined according to the survival age or age on 31st December 2018. According to the attained age, the old persons were categorized into non-longevity (died before age 80 years) and longevity (attained age ≥80 years). The longevity group was further divided into two groups: longevity with death occurring before 2019, and longevity and survival to 2019. The information about socio-demographic characteristics and lifestyles was collected at the 2004-2008 baseline survey. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to analyze the associations between exposure factors and outcomes by taking the non-longevity group as the reference group. Results: A total of 51 870 older adults aged 65-79 years in the baseline survey were included for analysis. During a follow-up for (10.2±3.5) years, 38 841 participants were longevity, and 30 354 participants still survived at the end of 2018. Compared to men, rural populations, non-married individuals, those with an annual household income of less than 10 000 yuan, and those with education levels of primary school or below, the adjusted ORs(95%CI) for longevity and survival to 2019 in women, urban residents, married individuals, those with annual household incomes ≥20 000 yuan, and those with education levels of college or university were 1.68 (1.58-1.78), 1.69 (1.61-1.78), 1.15 (1.10-1.21), 1.44 (1.36-1.53), and 1.32 (1.19-1.48), respectively. The OR (95%CI) for longevity and survival to 2019 was 1.09 (1.08-1.10) for those with an increase of 4 MET-hour/day in total physical activity level. With those who never or almost never smoked, had no alcohol drinking every week, had normal weight (BMI: 18.5-23.9 kg/m2), and WC <85 cm (man)/<80 cm (woman) as the reference groups, the ORs(95%CI) of longevity and survival to 2019 were 0.64 (0.60-0.69) for those smoking ≥20 cigarettes per day, 1.29 (1.14-1.46) for those with alcohol drinking every week, 1.13 (1.01-1.26) for those with pure alcohol drinking <30 g per day, 0.56 (0.52-0.61) for those being underweight, 1.27 (1.19-1.36) for those being overweight, 1.23 (1.11-1.36) for those with obesity, and 0.86 (0.79-0.93) for those with central obesity. Further stratified analysis by WC was performed. In the older adults with WC <85 cm (man)/<80 cm (woman), the ORs (95%CI) of longevity and survival was 1.80 (1.69-1.92) for those with each 5 kg/m2 increase in BMI and 1.02 (0.96-1.08) for those with WC ≥85 cm (man)/≥80 cm (woman). There was a statistically significant difference in the association between BMI and longevity between the two WC groups (interaction test P<0.001). Conclusion: This study showed that women, the married, those with higher socioeconomic status and education level, and those with healthy lifestyles were more likely to achieve longevity.

Association between serum lysophosphatidylcholine level and elderly health index in older people from longevity areas of Guangxi Province

Objective: To investigate the relationship between serum lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) level and the health index of the elderly. Methods: A total of 251 subjects were selected from the 2016 baseline survey of the Yongfu Longevity Cohort in Guangxi Province among whom 66, 63 and 122 were in the young and middle-aged group (≤59 years old), the young group (60-89 years old) and the longevity group (≥90 years old), respectively. Demographic data were collected and related indicators of height, weight, blood pressure and lipid metabolism were measured. The cognitive and physical functions of the elderly were assessed by the results of the simple mental state scale and the daily living activity scale to construct the health index of the elderly. The serum levels of LPC16∶0, LPC18∶0, LPC18∶1 and LPC18∶2 were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and the differences among different ages and health status groups were compared. The logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between the serum LPC level and the health index of the elderly. Results: With the increase in age, the proportion of female subjects increased, and the rate of smoking and drinking decreased. BMI, TC, TG, LDL-C, diastolic blood pressure, and the four LPCs levels decreased with the increase of age, and systolic blood pressure levels increased with the increase of age (all P values<0.05). There was no significant difference in HDL-C levels among age groups (P>0.05). With the decline of health status in the elderly, serum levels of LPC16∶0, LPC18∶0, LPC18∶1 and LPC18∶2 showed a downward trend (all P values<0.001). After adjusting for age and gender, only LPC18∶0 was associated with the health status in old age [OR (95%CI): 0.48 (0.25-0.92)]. For every 1 standard deviation (16.87 nmol/L) increase in serum LPC18∶0 concentration, the risk of poor health status in old age decreased by 52%. Conclusion: Serum LPC18∶0 was associated with the health status in old age independent of age and sex.

Early identification value of quick sequential organ failure assessment score in patients with sepsis of different ages

To investigate the value of quick sequential organ failure assessment (qSOFA) score in early identification for sepsis patients of different ages. A retrospective study was conducted. The clinical data of 1 529 patients with suspected infection in emergency department of Changshu No.2 People's Hospital from September 2017 to March 2020 were collected. All patients were assessed for qSOFA score, and the diagnosis and treatment were recorded. Sepsis-3 was defined as the diagnostic criteria for sepsis. All the patients were divided into five groups according to age, youth group (< 45 years old), middle-aged group (45-59 years old), presenile group (60-74 years old), elderly group (75-89 years old), and longevity group (≥ 90 years old). The patients' examination results, diagnosis and treatment status were collected. The distribution of different scores of qSOFA was analyzed to calculate the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of different qSOFA scores for the diagnosis of sepsis in patients with suspected infection of different ages. The receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve) was drawn to analyze the diagnostic value of qSOFA score for sepsis in patients with suspected infection at different ages. Of 1 529 suspected infection patients, there were 67 patients in youth group, 129 patients in middle-aged group, 465 patients in presenile group, 778 patients in elderly group and 90 patients in longevity group. There were significant differences in lactic acid (Lac), total bilirubin (TBil), creatinine (Cr), qSOFA score and the increased value of SOFA score compared with the basic value (ΔSOFA) among the suspected infection patients at different ages. Among suspected infection patients at different ages, the patients with qSOFA score ≥ 1 were the most, and the proportion of sepsis patients was larger. Further analysis showed that qSOFA score ≥ 1 had a high diagnostic sensitivity in patients with suspected infection at different ages. In the youth group, the sensitivity was 84.4%, and the specificity was the highest (74.3%). Although qSOFA score ≥ 2 had a high specificity in the diagnosis of sepsis (all > 97%), its sensitivity was very low (all < 44%). In this study, all patients with a qSOFA score of 3 were sepsis, and the positive predictive value of the diagnosis of sepsis in each group was 100%. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under ROC curve (AUC) of qSOFA score for the diagnosis of sepsis in all suspected infection patients was 0.771 [95% confidence interval (95%CI) was 0.747-0.794], when the best cut-off value was 0.5, the sensitivity was 93.4% and the specificity was 45.6%. Among suspected infection patients of all ages, the accuracy of qSOFA score in the diagnosis of sepsis in the youth group and the longevity group was relatively high, with AUC (95%CI) of 0.825 (0.724-0.927) and 0.837 (0.756-0.917), respectively; when the best cut-off value was 0.5, the sensitivity was 84.4% or 92.2%, and the specificity was 74.3% or 56.4%, respectively. qSOFA score has an early diagnosis value for sepsis, especially in the patients aged < 45 years old or ≥ 90 years old. Using qSOFA score ≥ 2 to screen patients with suspected infection is likely to cause missed diagnosis.

The Role of BMI and Blood Pressure in the Relationship Between Total Cholesterol and Disability in Chinese Centenarians: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Lower serum lipid metabolism might be associated with the decline of activity of daily living in the extreme longevity group. However, studies on models and possible paths of this correlation between total cholesterol (TC) and disability in centenarians are scarce. The aim of this study was to verify this correlation and explore the mediating effect of BMI and blood pressure on this relationship in Hainan centenarians.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 1002 centenarians from the China Hainan Centenarians Cohort Study (CHCCS). Data on demographics, anthropometry data, lifestyle, and TC levels were collected through interviews, physical examinations, and laboratory tests. The Barthel index and Lawton index, measuring the disability status, were used to estimate the activity of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activity of daily living (IADL). A multivariable logistic regression model was used to explore the correlation between disability and TC levels. Mediation analyses were used to explore the both direct and indirect effects of TC level on disability.Results: After adjusting for covariates, with 1 mmol/L increment in TC, the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of ADL severe disability and ADL moderate & severe disability were 0.789(95%CI: 0.650–0.959) and 0.822(95%CI: 0. 0.699–0.966), respectively. There was a significant declining trend in the prevalence of different types of disability with increment in TC. The correlation was more pronounced among Hainan female centenarians. In the analysis of mediating effect among the female population, BMI significantly mediated the effect of TC levels on different types of disability. BMI and SBP, as chain mediators, multiply and chain mediated the effect of TC levels on IADL.Conclusion: Low TC levels might be correlated with a higher frequency of disability in female centenarians, and this correlation might be mediated by BMI and blood pressure.

Analysis of distribution characteristics and influencing factors of healthy and long-lived people in Shanglin area of Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

Objective: To explore the epidemiologic characteristics of long-lived population and influencing factors in Shanglin county of Guangxi and provide scientific basis for the study of health and longevity in Guangxi. Methods: We collected and analyzed the general demographic cross-sectional data of the long-lived individuals (≥90 years old) in 11 villages and towns by multi-source registration and face-to-face interview. The age group control design was adopted to conduct a comparison among the longevity group (90-100 years old), centenarian group (≥100 years old), the longevity plus centenarian group and control group (local population aged 40-85 years), and identify the factors related to longevity. Results: Among the 496 007 people registered in Shanglin, 1 533 were aged ≥90 years, including 1 453 in the longevity group, with an average age of (92.84±2.46) years, and 80 in the centenarian group, with an average age of (102.67±2.60) years. The spatial distribution of long-lived individuals and centenarians was mainly in the north and central areas, and sparse in southwest area. Analysis on factors related to health and longevity indicated that old people with Zhuang ethnic (OR=1.551,95%CI:1.308-1.838), married (OR=55.507,95%CI:36.087-85.377) and moderately high waist-to-hip ratio (OR=258.056,95%CI:27.775-2 397.569), and SBP (OR=1.019,95%CI:1.013-1.026) tended to live longer. Conclusions: We found that the rate of longevity in Shanglin was higher than the average level in Guangxi and China. Longevity in Shanglin country had unique spatial and population distribution characterics of female longevity more than male longevity, mainly Zhuang ethnic and so on. Being women, married, family history of longevity, appropriate high waist-to-hip ratio, SBP and blood sugar level might be positive factors for longevity in Shanglin, but the impacts of other factors on longevity need further study.

Diversity of Gut Microbiota and Bifidobacterial Community of Chinese Subjects of Different Ages and from Different Regions.

Gut microbiota composition and functionality are closely linked to host health. In this study, the fecal microbiota and bifidobacterial communities of 111 healthy volunteers from four regions of China of varying age profiles (Child, 1–5 years; Young, 18–50 years; Elder, 60–80 years; Longevity, ≥90 years) were investigated via high-throughput sequencing. Canonical analysis revealed that the gut microbiota, as well as bifidobacteria profiles of the subjects, clustered according to their regions and age. Eight genera were shared among all subjects, however, certain genera distributed differently in subjects grouped by region and age. Faecalibacterium was enriched in samples from Zhongxiang, unclassified Ruminococcaceae and Christensenellaceae were enriched in the Longevity group, and Bifidobacterium was enriched in Child. Within Bifidobacterium, B. longum was the most abundant species in almost all samples except for Child, in which B. pseudocatenulatum was the most abundant. Additionally, the abundances of B. adolescentis and B. dentium were lower in Child. In conclusion, our results suggest that geography and age affect the structure of the gut microbiota, as well as Bifidobacterium composition, and this variation may greatly associate with the metabolic and immune changes that occur during the process of aging.

Association between SIRT6 Methylation and Human Longevity in a Chinese Population

Background: Sirtuin 6 gene (SIRT6) is a longevity gene that is involved in a variety of metabolic pathways, but the relationship between SIRT6 methylation and longevity has not been clarified. Methods: We conducted a case-control study on 129 residents with a family history of longevity (1 of parents, themselves, or siblings aged ≥90 years) and 86 individuals without a family history of exceptional longevity to identify the association. DNA pyrosequencing was performed to analyze the methylation status of SIRT6 promoter CpG sites. qRT-PCR and ELISA were used to estimate the SIRT6 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels and protein content. Six CpG sites (P1–P6) were identified as methylation variable positions in the SIRT6 promoter region. Results: At the P2 and P5 CpG sites, the methylation rates of the longevity group were lower than those of the control group (p < 0.001 and p = 0.009), which might be independent determinants of longevity. The mRNA and protein levels of SIRT6 decreased in the control group (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.038). The mRNA level negatively correlated with the methylation rates at the P2 (r_s = −0.173, p = 0.011) and P5 sites (r_s = −0.207, p = 0.002). Furthermore, the protein content positively correlated with the methylation rate at the P5 site (r_s = 0.136, p = 0.046) but showed no significant correlation with the methylation rate at the P2 site. Conclusion: The low level of SIRT6 methylation may be a potential protective factor of Chinese longevity.

Recipients with blood group A associated with longer survival rates in cardiac valvular bioprostheses.

BackgroundPigs/bovines share with humans some of the antigens present on cardiac valves. Two such antigens are: the major xenogenic Ag, “Gal” present in all pig/bovine very close to human B-antigen of ABO-blood-group system; the minor Ag, pig histo-blood-group AH-antigen identical to human AH-antigen and present by some animals. We hypothesize that these antigens may modify the immunogenicity of the bioprosthesis and also its longevity. ABO distribution may vary between patients with low (<6 years) and high (≥15 years) bioprostheses longevity.MethodsSingle-centre registry study (Paris, France) including all degenerative porcine bioprostheses (mostly Carpentier-Edwards 2nd/3rd generation heart valves) explanted between 1985 and 1998 and some bovine bioprostheses. For period 1998–2014, all porcine bioprostheses with longevity ≥13 years (follow-up ≥29 years). Important predictive factors for bioprosthesis longevity: number, site of implantation, age were collected. Blood group and other variables were entered into an ordinal logistic regression analysis model predicting valve longevity, categorized as low (<6 years), medium (6–14.9 years), and high (≥15 years).FindingsLongevity and ABO-blood group were obtained for 483 explanted porcine bioprostheses. Mean longevity was 10.2 ± 3.9 years [0–28] and significantly higher for A-patients than others (P = 0.009). Using multivariate analysis, group A was a strong predictive factor of longevity (OR 2.09; P < 0.001). For the 64 explanted bovine bioprosthesis with low/medium longevity, the association, with A-group was even more significant.InterpretationPatients of A-group but not B have a higher longevity of their bioprostheses. Future graft-host phenotyping and matching may give rise to a new generation of long-lasting bioprosthesis for implantation in humans, especially for the younger population.FundNone.

Urinary ionomic analysis reveals new relationship between minerals and longevity in a Han Chinese population

Human longevity involves genetic, nutritional, environmental and many other factors playing a key role in healthy aging. Previous studies have shown that mineral metabolism and homeostasis are associated with lifespan extension. However, the majority of them have focused on a limited number of elements and ignored the complex relationship between them. In this study, we carried out a network-based approach to investigate the urinary ionome of nonagenarians and centenarians (longevity group) when compared with their biologically unrelated and younger family members (control group) from a Han Chinese population. Several differentially changed elements were identified, almost all of which showed an elevated level in the longevity group. Correlation analysis of the ionome revealed significant element-element interactions in each group. We then divided each group into distinct subgroups according to age ranges, and built the elemental correlation network for each of them. Significant elemental correlations and correlation changes involving all examined elements were identified within or between different subgroups, implying a highly dynamic and complex crosstalk among the elements during human life. Finally, more similar elemental patterns were observed between extremely old and middle-aged people. Overall, our data reveal new relationship between urinary minerals and human longevity, which may extend our understanding of the mechanism of healthy aging.

The whole genome-wide screening of the longevity-related gene of Uyghur population in Hotan, Xinjiang

Objective: To discuss the whole genome-wide screening of the longevity-related gene of Uyghur population in Hotan, Xinjiang. Methods: The whole gene scanning using genome-wide association study (GWAS) based on the pooling DNA and the SNP-Map strategy in the longevity group (≥90 years old) and control group (persons who died before 70 years old) was carried out. Then, through detecting varieties of SNP locus, the frequencies of genotype and allele were calculated by sequencing and PCR- restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method. Results: There was no significant difference of rs6450874, rs6800573 and rs6741735 genotypes and alleles frequency distributions between the two groups, however, there were statistical differences of rs1718307, rs4449651, rs11217987 and rs2907092 genotypes and alleles frequency distributions between the two groups. The TT genotype of rs11217987 (OR=1.462, P=0.034) and the GG genotype of rs2907092 (OR=3.000, P=0.018) were positively correlated to the longevity. And the T allele of rs11217987 (OR=1.382, 95%CI: 1.075-1.776) and the G allele of rs2907092 (OR=1.672, 95%CI: 1.267-2.205) had strong potential function to prolong life. The TT genotype of rs4449651 (OR=6.892, P=0.009) and rs1718307 (OR=4.036, P<0.001) were positively correlated to the longevity. Moreover, the T allele of both SNPs (OR=1.793, 95%CI: 1.298-2.477; OR=1.830, 95%CI: 1.391-2.407) had strong potential function to prolong life. Conclusions: The GWAS test can effectively and extensively analyze human longevity-related genes. And rs1718307, rs4449651, rs11217987 and rs2907092 are related to the longevity of Uyghur population in Hotan, Xinjiang.

Positive association of familial longevity with the moderate-high HDL-C concentration in Bama Aging Study.

Familial longevity is characterized by beneficial metabolic phenotype in lipid metabolism and APOE genetic variation. Although effects of lipid metabolism and the genetic basis for human longevity remain largely unclear, the contribution of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and APOE ε2 allele has been repeatedly demonstrated. This study was designed to determine whether ApoE isoforms and HDL-C levels marked the familial longevity status in an offspring cohort with the age range of 20-89 years old and subsequently to explore the correlation between these two markers and the aging. In the Bama Aging Study (BAS), we recruited 312 offspring from longevity historical families and 298 controls from non-longevity historical families. Information on APOE genotype frequencies, lipid levels, and population characteristics were recorded. No evidence was found to support the association of APOE genotypes with HDL-C and age. HDL-C was significantly higher in longevity group (p < 0.0001). Scatter plot showed a moderately strong linear relationship between the HDL-C level and age in longevity group (r = 0.213, p < 0.001). We conclude that the variation of the APOE gene may not influence familial longevity status at a certain age but the moderate-high HDL-C level contributes to the familial longevity in Bama.

Insulin-like factor-2 receptor rs9456497 G genotype overrepresents in males of average population and its correlation with cardiovascular risks

ObjectivesTo look at the possible effect of IGF2R rs9456497 on cardiovascular risks in a long-lived population. MethodsIGF-2R rs9456497 was genotyped by iMLDR for 496 long-lived Zhuang Chinese (90–107 y/o) and their offspring (n = 723, 60–75 y/o) and healthy controls (n = 611, 60–75 y/o). Association analyses were then conducted among genotypes and cardiovascular risks. ResultsThe G genotype (GA/GG) was found to represent more frequently in males of general population. No significantly difference was detected among genotypes in each group except that G genotype tended to reduce the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) levels in longevity group. However, after sex stratification, total cholesterol (TC) of each genotype in offspring males was elevated versus relevant genotype in longevity and control group; the triglyceride (TG), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and BMI of each genotype in longevity group were lower while SBP and DBP were higher than that of the relevant genotype in offspring and controls. After stratified by lipid status, the frequency of G allele was markedly increased in the dyslipidemic subgroup in the combined population and controls. Linear regressive analyses showed that HDL was positively correlated to rs9456497 GA genotype while BMI was negatively correlated to AA genotype in offspring group, whereas TC and TG were reversely while BMI was positively associated with AA genotype in CG. ConclusionsIGF-2R rs9456497 G genotype correlates to detrimental cardiovascular risks in ordinary population which might partially interpret their less preservation of health as compared to long-lived cohort.

Prevalence and clinical profile of metabolic syndrome in longevity: study from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China

BackgroundMetabolic syndrome (MetS) was a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, yet the prevalence of MetS among nonagenarians and centenarians was rarely reported. Here we investigated the prevalence of MetS and its components among nonagenarians and centenarians in our Zhuang population from Bama, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.MethodIn Bama area, there registered 881 individuals who lived more than 90 years old in 269,800 local residents and our study involved 307 long-lived participants and 486 local younger (35–68 years) persons, as controls. MetS was defined according to the revised National Cholesterol Education Program’s Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATPIII) criteria.ResultsThe overall prevalence estimates of MetS among longevity group were 28.0% based on NCEP ATPIII criteria. The most common metabolic component was elevated blood pressure (61.1%), followed by raised fasting glucose (39.1%) and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (low HDL-C) (28.0%). The prevalence of MetS and abdominal obesity in women (33.6% and 22.1% respectively) was higher than that of men (19.8% and 3.7% respectively) (Prange < .001–0.019). Compared with controls, long-lived individuals were more likely to have two or more metabolic abnormalities (Prange < 0.001), and less likely to have zero or one metabolic abnormality (Prange < 0.001–0.020).ConclusionThis study showed substantiality the prevalence and clinical profile of MetS in longevity population in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.

Coevolution of cultural intelligence, extended life history, sociality, and brain size in primates

Explanations for primate brain expansion and the evolution of human cognition and culture remain contentious despite extensive research. While multiple comparative analyses have investigated variation in brain size across primate species, very few have addressed why primates vary in how much they use social learning. Here, we evaluate the hypothesis that the enhanced reliance on socially transmitted behavior observed in some primates has coevolved with enlarged brains, complex sociality, and extended lifespans. Using recently developed phylogenetic comparative methods we show that, across primate species, a measure of social learning proclivity increases with absolute and relative brain volume, longevity (specifically reproductive lifespan), and social group size, correcting for research effort. We also confirm relationships of absolute and relative brain volume with longevity (both juvenile period and reproductive lifespan) and social group size, although longevity is generally the stronger predictor. Relationships between social learning, brain volume, and longevity remain when controlling for maternal investment and are therefore not simply explained as a by-product of the generally slower life history expected for larger brained species. Our findings suggest that both brain expansion and high reliance on culturally transmitted behavior coevolved with sociality and extended lifespan in primates. This coevolution is consistent with the hypothesis that the evolution of large brains, sociality, and long lifespans has promoted reliance on culture, with reliance on culture in turn driving further increases in brain volume, cognitive abilities, and lifespans in some primate lineages.

Comparaison des taux d’usure et d’ostéolyse des polyéthylènes hautement réticulés entre un recuit de seconde génération et un refondu de première génération : étude cas témoin au recul minimal de 5 ans

BackgroundThere is no previous report that directly compared wear resistance of second-generation annealed highly cross-linked polyethylene with that of first-generation remelted highly cross-linked polyethylene. We therefore performed a retrospective study at a minimum of 5-year follow-up comparing second-generation annealed and first-generation remelted highly cross-linked polyethylene in order to: (1) assess wear rates and (2) compare the incidence of osteolysis between, (3) identify the frequency of complication related to the two types of highly cross-linked polyethylene. HypothesisThere is a difference in the linear wear rate and the incidence of osteolysis between the two types of highly cross-linked polyethylene in total hip arthroplasty. Materials and methodsIn a single center study, we reviewed 123 primary cementless total hip arthroplasties between 2010 and 2011 that were performed with 32mm alumina ceramic on second-generation annealed (X3) or first-generation remelted (longevity) highly cross-linked polyethylene liner. There was no specific reason for the choice of the type of highly cross-linked polyethylene. There were no significant differences between the two groups in respect of gender, diagnosis, body mass index, pre- and postoperative functional and activity score, cup size, and cup orientation except the younger age in the X3 group. The mean wear rate and the incidence of osteolysis were evaluated at the latest follow-up. ResultsOne hundred and nine cases followed over 5 years postoperatively (88.6% in all consecutive cases) were evaluated. X3 and longevity were used in 54 and 55 cases, respectively. The mean follow-up was 5.3 years in both groups. The mean linear wear rate of X3 and longevity group was 0.045±0.023mm/year and 0.076±0.031mm/year, respectively (P<0.001). No osteolysis was found on plain X-rays in both groups and no specific complication was related to these highly cross-linked components. DiscussionExcellent wear resistance of both types of highly cross-linked polyethylene liner was revealed in our study. The difference of wear rate between two materials should be monitored in a longer follow-up. Level of evidenceLevel III retrospective case control study.

Apolipoprotein C-I Polymorphism and Its Association with Serum Lipid Levels and Longevity in the Bama Population.

This study aims to determine the association between the apolipoprotein C-I polymorphism and the longevity and genetic variants in ApoC-I that can influence the serum lipid levels in Bama. ApoC-I genotypes were determined by Taqman single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping assays in 178 long-lived inhabitants (longevity group aged from 90 to 110 years), 147 healthy controls (Control 1 group aged from 40 to 79 years old) from Bama County, and 190 healthy controls (Control 2 group aged from 40 to 79 years old) from Nandan County without a family history of longevity. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 16.0. All genotype distributions of rs584007 and rs4420638 were consistent with the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (p > 0.05). Significant differences were observed in the frequencies of the three genotypes (GG, AG, and AA) among the longevity and the two control groups (χ2 = 11.238, p = 0.024) for rs584007. No significant differences were observed in the frequencies of the three genotypes (GG, AG, and AA) among the longevity and the two control groups (χ2 = 4.587, p = 0.318) for rs4420638. The levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c), and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c) were not different among the three genotypes of rs584007 in the three groups. The levels of HDL-c for GG, AG, and AA were significantly different (the highest being in the longevity group), while the levels of TG for AA and AG genotypes (the lowest being in the longevity group) and the levels of LDL-c for AG were significantly different (p < 0.05) among the three groups for rs584007. The levels of TG and HDL-c were significantly different among the three rs4420638 genotypes in the longevity group. The levels of TC for GG, AG, and AA were significantly different in the Control 2 group, while the levels of TG and HDL-c for AA and AG genotypes were significantly different (p < 0.05) among the three groups for rs4420638. The level of HDL-c was highest in the longevity group for AA and AG genotypes, and the level of TG was highest in the Control 2 group for rs4420638. Serum lipid parameters were related to environmental factors, including age, gender, BMI, DBP, SBP, rs4420638, and rs584007. The ApoC-I polymorphism might be one of the genetic factors of longevity in Bama. The ApoC-I rs4420638 and rs584007 SNPs are associated with serum TG and HDL-c levels in the longevous population.

Comparative Study for the Association of Mitochondrial Haplogroup F+ and Metabolic Syndrome between Longevity and Control Population in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.

Our previous study suggested that mitochondrial haplogroup F (mtDNA F) was a longevity-associated biomarker, but the effect of mitochondrial haplogroup F on longevity individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS) was not clear. Thus we explored the association between mtDNA F and MetS among longevity and control population in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. A total of 793 individuals consisting of 307 long-lived participants and 486 local healthy controls were involved in this study. Genotypes of mtDNA F were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and Sanger sequenced. MetS was defined according to the revised National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATPIII ) criteria. The prevalence of MetS in longevity group (28.0%) was higher than that (18.5%) in control group (P=0.002). Through the case-control stratify analysis, the prevalence of MetS in mtDNA F+ longevity individuals (29.8%) was 4.6 fold higher than that (5.3%) in local control group (P<0.001). However, after further longevity-only analysis, no association between MetS and mtDNA F+ in longevity group was observed (P=0.167). Following same analysis of two variables in control group, we found that the prevalence of MetS in mtDNA F- (95.8%) was higher than that in mtDNA F+ (5.3%); conversely, the prevalence of non-metabolic syndrome (NMetS) in mtDNA F+ (94.7%) was markedly higher than that in mtDNA F- (4.2%) (P<0.001). We demonstrated that mtDNA F+ , as a molecuar biomarker, might not only confer beneficial effect to resistance against MetS but also function as a positive factor for long-life span among the population in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.

Comparison of wear rate and osteolysis between second-generation annealed and first-generation remelted highly cross-linked polyethylene in total hip arthroplasty. A case control study at a minimum of five years

BackgroundThere is no previous report that directly compared wear resistance of second-generation annealed highly cross-linked polyethylene with that of first-generation remelted highly cross-linked polyethylene. We therefore performed a retrospective study at a minimum of 5-year follow-up comparing second-generation annealed and first-generation remelted highly cross-linked polyethylene in order to: (1) assess wear rates and (2) compare the incidence of osteolysis between, (3) identify the frequency of complication related to the two types of highly cross-linked polyethylene. HypothesisThere is a difference in the linear wear rate and the incidence of osteolysis between the two types of highly cross-linked polyethylene in total hip arthroplasty. Materials and methodsIn a single centre study, we reviewed 123 primary cementless total hip arthroplasties between 2010 and 2011 that were performed with 32mm alumina ceramic on second-generation annealed (X3) or first-generation remelted (Longevity) highly cross-linked polyethylene liner. There was no specific reason for the choice of the type of highly cross-linked polyethylene. There were no significant differences between the two groups in respect of gender, diagnosis, body mass index, pre- and post-operative functional and activity score, cup size, and cup orientation except the younger age in the X3 group. The mean wear rate and the incidence of osteolysis were evaluated at the latest follow-up. ResultsOne hundred nine cases followed over 5 years post-operatively (88.6% in all consecutive cases) were evaluated. X3 and Longevity were used in 54 and 55 cases, respectively. The mean follow-up was 5.3 years in both groups. The mean linear wear rate of X3 and Longevity group was 0.045±0.023mm/year and 0.076±0.031mm/year, respectively (P<0.001). No osteolysis was found on plain X-rays in both groups and no specific complication was related to these highly cross-linked components. DiscussionExcellent wear resistance of both types of highly cross-linked polyethylene liner was revealed in our study. The difference of wear rate between two materials should be monitored in a longer follow-up. Level of evidenceLevel III retrospective case control study.