Long-term Effects Of Interventions Research Articles

Future-Ready Minds, Resilient Hearts: Understanding Psychological Well-being and Resilience in College Teaching in the Philippines

The psychological well-being of college instructors is a critical factor in their professional satisfaction and effectiveness, yet there is limited research on how various dimensions of well-being evolve in response to career challenges and institutional support, particularly for instructors balancing both teaching and administrative duties. This study addresses this gap by exploring the psychological well-being of 12 college instructors in a qualitative case study. Using in-depth interviews, the study examines five key constructs of well-being: emotional, social, professional, physical, and personal well-being. The findings reveal that instructors' well-being is shaped by external pressures, such as the dual demands of teaching and administrative responsibilities, as well as institutional support. Internal factors, including coping strategies, personal reflection, and social support, also play a significant role. Notably, the study identifies the importance of a sense of purpose, work-life balance, and supportive relationships in maintaining resilience against stress. In conclusion, the study emphasizes that a holistic approach to teacher well-being, considering both professional and personal dimensions, is essential for enhancing mental health and job satisfaction. The research underscores the need for institutions to develop tailored, comprehensive well-being programs and suggests that future research should examine the long-term effects of such interventions, particularly for instructors with dual roles, and explore how different teaching contexts influence well-being outcomes.

Mediators of a randomized controlled trial of a preventive intervention for youth of parents with depressive disorders.

The present study assessed two theory-driven mediators of the effects of a family group cognitive-behavioral (FGCB) preventive intervention for youth of parents with a history of major depressive disorder (MDD) or dysthymia on long-term youth psychopathology symptoms and diagnoses. Sample included 180 parents (Mage = 41.9, 89% female, 82% White, non-Hispanic) and one of their children/adolescents ages 9-15 years (Mage = 11.4, 49% female, 74% White, non-Hispanic). Changes in the hypothesized mediators, observations of positive parenting (Iowa Family Interaction Rating Scales) and youth secondary control coping (SCC) skills (Responses to Stress Questionnaire), were assessed at 6 months. Changes in youth psychopathology symptoms were assessed on the Child Behavior Checklist and Youth Self-Report at 18- and 24-month follow-ups and MDD diagnoses with the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia at 12 and 24 months. Changes in youth SCC skills (e.g., acceptance, reappraisal) after the intervention mediated the effects of the FGCB program on changes in youth internalizing and externalizing symptoms at 18- and 24-month follow-ups. Effects for changes in positive parenting behaviors as a mediator were more limited. SCC skills were further shown to mediate the effects of the FGCB intervention on MDD diagnoses from 12 to 24 months. This study provides clear and strong evidence that changes in youth SCC skills mediated the long-term effects of preventive intervention for families of depressed parents. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

가상현실 기반 프로그램 활용이 비만관리에 미치는 효과에 대한 체계적 고찰

Objective : This study aimed to conduct a systematic review to analyze the application of virtual reality (VR) technology in obesity management, focusing on its target populations, methods, and effects. The goal was to identify effective intervention strategies and provide foundational data necessary for developing comprehensive obesity management plans. Methods : A systematic search was conducted using the PubMed and Web of Science databases for studies related to VR and obesity published over a 10-year period from 2013 to 2024. A total of 28 articles were identified, of which 17 were excluded based on predefined exclusion criteria, leaving 11 studies for final analysis. Results : Among the 11 selected studies, 10 (90.9%) were randomized controlled trials or systematic reviews, and 1 (9.1%) was a narrative review. VR-based programs demonstrated positive effects on weight loss, behavior modification, self-efficacy enhancement, eating habit improvement, psychological stability, and physical health. Notably, immersive environments were shown to increase engagement and adherence, highlighting the potential of VR technology to complement or replace traditional intervention methods. Conclusion : VR technology offers a multifaceted approach to obesity management by integrating weight loss, behavior modification, and psychological support, presenting a potential new paradigm for intervention. Future research should focus on verifying the long-term effects of VR interventions and their applicability to specific populations, such as older adults. Additionally, in-depth analyses linking physiological markers with behavioral changes are necessary to enhance the clinical utility of VR technology. These efforts could pave the way for VR-based obesity management to evolve into an effective strategy that contributes to overall health promotion and improved quality of life.

AI as a media literacy educational tool: Developing critical technology awareness

Moving with the integration of Artificial intelligence (AI) in teaching, this paper examines the possibility of incorporating artificial intelligence in media literacy education to prepare students with conventional technology consciousness mainly in the complex and highly computerized society today. This research aims to find out how students benefit from AI as a teaching aid in developing competencies in the analysis of AI-mediated media content, and algorithmic and ethical reasoning. This study adopted a mixed-methods research design with a quasi-experimental design to compare an experimental group that took media literacy combined with artificial intelligence instruction with a control group taking traditional media literacy instruction. For analysis, quantitative data showed that the experimental group gained substantial insight into biases, AI-created material assessment, and the impacts of algorithms on the creation and consumption of content. Focus group and interview data also reinforced the improvement of the experimental group’s understanding of AI in defining media experiences & critical reflection on ethical themes such as privacy, fairness, and justice. The results of this study support the view on the ability of AI to upskill learners in critical thinking, as well as promote ethical thinking within the usage of digital media. The study adds to existing literature that needs to draw the attention of academic circles to the potential of integrating AI into educational models; stressing that it is capable of preparing students for the intricacies of the media environments in the age of AI. Based on this research, media literacy education with the help of AI-integrated curricula may be considered as one of the most effective methods to promote AI education in technical and ethical fields of media usage. Media literacy education, therefore, calls for a change of approach to prepare students to deal with the implications of assimilated AI technologies, for the production of critical and ethical users of information technology. Implications for future curriculum development and research work are some of the study’s findings that suggest the following: Long-term effects of AI-based interventions; The generalization of the findings in other educational contexts.

One-year results of an eHealth intervention on anxiety in patients undergoing abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery: randomized clinical trial.

The longitudinal effects of educational interventions in people with abdominal aortic aneurysm are largely unexplored. This prospective study investigated whether the anxiety-lowering effect of an eHealth intervention observed at the 1-month follow-up is maintained 1 year after abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery. Those scheduled for surgical repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm were recruited in a single-centre randomized clinical trial. The control group received care and follow-up per the institution's standard. The intervention group received an eHealth tool along with psychosocial support. The 1-month results have been reported. The primary outcome measure was the anxiety mean score (HADS-A). Of 120 included participants, 96 completed the 1-year follow-up (48 in each treatment group). The mean age was 73 years, a majority (86%) were male and 73% were current or previous smokers. Anxiety symptoms measured with the HADS-A decreased over time in both the intervention group (-0.33) and the control group (-0.35, P = 0.868). The improvements in anxiety symptoms seen in the short-term follow-up were not sustained at the 1-year follow-up. No significant mean score differences were found in the intention-to-treat or per-protocol analyses. In this randomized clinical trial, an eHealth intervention did not result in a sustained reduction in anxiety symptoms compared with standard care in the same cohort. The study provides an insight into the limited acceptability of an eHealth tool in people with abdominal aortic aneurysm and valuable data on the recovery trajectory following open and endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery. Further research is warranted to evaluate the relevance and long-term effectiveness of eHealth interventions in abdominal aortic aneurysm care. NCT03157973 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).

Adolescents’ Social Phobia and its relationship to Parental treatment methods: A field study in Erbil city center.

The current study aims to determine the prevalence of social phobia among teenagers attending high schools in the Erbil city and its relationship to parental treatment strategies. It also compares the degree to which these teenagers experience social phobia based on their gender، their class at school، and whether they attend a public or private school. The researchers prepared a scale for measuring social phobia to identify the parental method's treatment with their own teenager children after reviewing the literature and earlier studies related to the study's topic. Following virtual validation of both scales' validity and reliability using the Cronbach's alpha method، the two scales were used to gather the necessary data from 402 students. The data collected was then analyzed using SPSS software to determine any significant relationships between parental treatment methods and their children's phobias. The findings revealed that both male and female students have very low levels of social phobia. Parents are treating their adolescent children democratically rather than authoritarian، lenient، and neglectful. Furthermore، there are no statistically significant differences between male and female students based on sex، educational level، or school type (public or private). This suggests that adolescent with phobia may have experienced a range of parenting styles in their upbringing، but none of these styles were strong predictors of the development of phobia. The researchers concluded by offering a variety of advice and recommendations regarding social phobia in adolescents and its connection to parental treatment strategies. They concluded that more research is required to determine the long-term effects of different parental interventions on adolescents with social phobia

Unraveling molecular mechanisms in growth plate development advancing pediatric orthopedic interventions

Dynamic Growth Plate based on Molecular Profiling (DGMP) represents a pioneering approach to understanding the intricate molecular processes governing growth plate development, essential for advancing pediatric orthopedic treatments. Growth plates, located at the ends of long bones, are pivotal for bone elongation during childhood and adolescence, but disruptions in their molecular and cellular regulation can result in developmental abnormalities and orthopedic deformities. DGMP integrates genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and epigenomic analyses to uncover cell-specific expression patterns and regulatory elements critical to growth plate formation. By leveraging high-throughput sequencing, single-cell RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) sequencing, and spatial transcriptomics, DGMP facilitates the identification of diagnostic biomarkers and enables the development of targeted pharmacological therapies tailored to children with defective growth plates. Furthermore, in silico models simulating cellular differentiation and pathway interactions provide predictive insights into the long-term effects of interventions on bone development. This innovative framework not only enhances early and accurate detection of growth-related disorders but also supports the design of personalized treatments, ultimately improving clinical outcomes for affected children. As a precision medicine tool, DGMP has the potential to transform pediatric orthopedics by resolving challenges related to molecular data integration, spatiotemporal dynamics, and therapeutic application, thereby advancing the understanding and treatment of growth plate disorders.

Transformational influence of the impact player rule on performance quality and entertainment value in the 2023 season: a comprehensive analysis of cricket

Background and purpose This study aims to assess the influence of player intervention, specifically the impact player rule, on the overall performance quality of the Indian Premier League (IPL) in two consecutive seasons, 2022 and 2023. Material and methods The research employs a factorial approach to analyze and compare the complete IPL performance in both seasons. Microsoft Excel and GraphPad Prism statistical software are utilized for data analysis, including Pearson's Correlation coefficient computation. Results The results of the analysis reveal a substantial correlation between the impact player's performance and the total IPL performance in the 2023 season. The computed Pearson r value of 0.9997 signifies a robust positive correlation, indicating that an improvement in the impact player's performance is likely to correspond to an enhancement in the total IPL performance during the IPL 2023 season. Conclusion The conclusion drawn from this study is that the implementation of the impact player rule in the IPL 2023 season has led to a significant transformation in various aspects of the tournament. Notably, there has been an observable improvement in performance quality, competitiveness, and entertainment value in the IPL 2023 season compared to the previous season. The findings presented in this study contribute valuable insights to the cricketing community, tournament organizers, team management, and policymakers. Understanding the positive impact of the impact player rule on the IPL can aid in making informed decisions to further enhance the league's competitiveness and entertainment value. The results also underscore the importance of strategic player interventions and rules in shaping the success and excitement of cricket tournaments like the IPL. Future research can explore additional seasons and assess the long-term effects of such interventions on cricket performance and fan engagement. Overall, this comprehensive analysis provides a foundation for future discussions and decisions concerning the improvement and development of cricket leagues worldwide.

Is the time right for preventive cardiology guidelines on sedentary behaviors and sitting time?

This review looks into sedentary behavior (SB) beyond its simplistic definition of "sitting" while also including sedentary activities. It explores the definition, physiological characteristics, prevalence, and guidelines of SB, contrasting it with physical activity (PA). The discussion encompasses: 1) the association between SB and mortality, with a specific focus on cardiovascular (CV) outcomes; 2) biological mechanisms linking SB to CV health, differentiating between the impacts of acute and chronic sitting additionally, 3) sex and gender differences in SB and, 4) SB as an independent CV risk factor are explored. The review concludes with an examination of the potential beneficial effects of PA on mitigating the detrimental impacts of SB and an analysis of evidence supporting the use of break-up strategies in preventive cardiology. This analysis sheds light on the significant CV health deleterious consequences of SB. It highlights the potential of incorporating strategies to reduce and interrupt prolonged sitting alongside existing guidelines promoting PA. These findings suggest considering SB as a major CV risk factor, emphasizing the importance of targeting SB reduction and interruption as a valuable approach for preventing and managing CV disease. However, further research is needed to determine the long-term effectiveness of SB interventions, informing the development of optimal guidelines for CV health management.

Assessment of displaced Sudanese school-age children’s mental health at Ad-Damar, River Nile, Sudan, 2024: a descriptive cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe WHO defines mental health as well-being where individuals manage stress, work productively, and contribute to their community. Children’s mental health is critical, especially among vulnerable groups like refugees. Research shows refugee children, including Sudanese, face PTSD, depression, and anxiety due to conflict and displacement, yet specific studies on Sudanese children are scarce. East Africa faces high prevalence due to poverty, conflict, and inadequate healthcare. Sudan’s situation is exacerbated by ongoing conflict and limited resources, despite efforts from NGOs and international organizations.MethodologyThis cross-sectional descriptive study examines the mental health of Sudanese school-age children (6–18 years) in Ad-Damar, River Nile, Sudan, using a simple random sampling technique. The study included 246 participants. Data were collected using an author-designed questionnaire based on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), supplemented with demographic information. Data management involved secure handling and ethical considerations, including informed consent and confidentiality. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS V.25 to ensure accuracy and reliability of the findings.ResultsThe sample included children aged 6–18 years, with 54% males and 46% females. Displacement duration varied, with 34% displaced for 1–2 years. Socio-demographic findings indicated 39% lived with both parents, 56% were in urban environments, and 47% were in primary school. Mental health assessments revealed 68% frequently felt sad, 73% felt anxious, and 29% had diagnosed conditions, including PTSD and depression. Correlations showed significant positive relationships between overall mood ratings and both school support (r = 0.45, p < 0.01) and family support (r = 0.35, p < 0.05). Chi-Square tests indicated significant associations between gender and mental health diagnoses (χ²=5.67, p = 0.017) and family structure and perceived support (χ²=12.34, p < 0.05).ConclusionThe study highlights the urgent need for better mental health support for displaced children, given the high prevalence of mental health issues and inadequate support from schools and families. Future research should include longitudinal studies to evaluate long-term effects and intervention effectiveness. Key steps include improving access to mental health services, fostering supportive educational environments, and enhancing family support systems.

Strategies to Address Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health and Health Care for Chronic Conditions : An Evidence Map of Research From 2017 to 2024.

Racial and ethnic disparities in health and health care persist in the United States, adversely affecting outcomes in prevention and treatment of chronic conditions among adults. To map interventions aimed at reducing racial and ethnic disparities and improving health outcomes in the prevention and treatment of chronic conditions in adults. Searches of MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Scopus from January 2017 to April 2024, supplemented with gray literature. U.S.-based studies of interventions targeting racial and ethnic disparities in adults with chronic conditions. Information on intervention types, targets, outcomes, study designs, study settings, chronic conditions, and delivery personnel was extracted and categorized. Among 174 unique studies, 12 intervention types were identified, with self-management support and patient navigation the most common. Most interventions targeted patient behaviors; few studies addressed disparities directly or focused on underrepresented racial and ethnic marginalized groups. The lack of standardized terminology and the underrepresentation of certain racial and ethnic groups limit the evidence base. Although the literature search accurately reflects the current state of the literature, it also limits the body of evidence by excluding health disparities research conducted before January 2017, so significant findings from earlier studies may have been overlooked. The literature highlights diverse interventions targeting health disparities, but few studies evaluated their effectiveness in reducing the health disparities gaps. There is an urgent need for research focused on underrepresented racial and ethnic groups, particularly in promising areas such as patient navigation for cancer and diabetes self-management. Future research should prioritize robust study designs to assess the long-term effect and broader applicability of interventions, thus helping organizations and stakeholders to tailor strategies to community-specific needs. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.

Effects of expressive helping writing during stem cell transplant: Randomized controlled trial.

Most cancer patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplant report elevated symptoms and reduced health-related quality of life during peritransplant. These concerns can become persistent. A prior randomized controlled trial showed that expressive helping-a low-burden, brief intervention combining expressive writing with a novel peer support writing exercise-reduced psychological distress and physical symptoms in long-term transplant survivors with moderate/high persistent symptoms. The Writing for Insight, Strength, and Ease trial evaluated the use of expressive helping during peritransplant, when symptoms peak and early intervention could prevent the development of persistent symptoms. Three hundred sixty-six adult blood cancer patients (44.3% female, 74.6% White, 13.4% Black, 11.5% Hispanic/Latinx) scheduled for allogeneic (33.9%) or autologous (66.1%) transplant were randomized to complete either expressive helping or a neutral writing task in four writing sessions beginning pretransplant and ending 4 weeks posthospital discharge. Symptom severity (primary outcome), distress (depressive symptoms, generalized and cancer-specific anxiety), health-related quality of life, and fatigue were measured in multiple assessments from prerandomization to 12 months postintervention. Primary endpoints at 3 and 12 months postintervention estimated short- and long-term intervention effects. Moderation analyses explored subgroup differences in intervention efficacy. Mixed models with repeated measures analyses revealed no statistically or clinically significant intervention effects on primary or secondary outcomes. Moderation analyses did not identify subgroups of participants who benefitted from the intervention. Findings do not support use of expressive helping during peritransplant. We recommend that survivors with persistent symptoms complete expressive helping at least 9 months posttransplant, consistent with evidence from a prior trial. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Higher Adherence to the EAT-Lancet Diets After a Lifestyle Intervention in a Pediatric Population with Abdominal Obesity.

Background/Objectives: The rising prevalence of pediatric obesity highlights the urgent need for effective lifestyle interventions that improve diet quality, in line with global health objectives. Tackling obesity through planetarian dietary practices not only enhances individual health but also mitigates the environmental impact of food systems. The EAT-Lancet Commission's plant-based dietary recommendations underscore the dual benefit of promoting human health while supporting environmental sustainability. This study aims to assess changes in adherence to a planetarian diet, measured through planetary environmental impact indices, following a lifestyle intervention in a pediatric population. Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, 107 participants with abdominal obesity were assigned to either a usual care group or an intensive intervention group, the latter following a moderately hypocaloric Mediterranean diet combined with nutritional education. Adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet was evaluated using both the EAT-Lancet Diet Score and the EAT-Lancet Diet Index. Results: The intensive lifestyle intervention significantly improved adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet, leading to notable reductions in body mass index (BMI), weight, and waist circumference, alongside improvements in both anthropometric and clinical outcomes. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that intensive lifestyle interventions in children and adolescents with abdominal obesity can reduce BMI-SDS (BMI-standard deviation score) and improve adherence to planetarian dietary patterns, leading to enhanced health outcomes. Further research is needed to evaluate the long-term effects of such interventions and to determine their broader applicability across diverse pediatric populations.

The effectiveness of using artificial intelligence in improving academic skills of school-aged students with mild intellectual disabilities in Saudi Arabia

What This Study AddsTeaching academic skills to students with intellectual disabilities can be a challenge for educators. This study explored the role of AI in the field of special education and provided a novel framework for educational integration of children with mild ID. Interestingly, it demonstrated that using AI-driven interventions could significantly improve academic skills and lead to better learning outcomes. This is crucial, as the holistic approach associated with the "whole child" model of education is prevalent due to the challenges students with ID face in social interactions typically involved in academic socialization. BackgroundIntellectual disabilities (ID) are neurodevelopmental disorders that hinder learning, communication, and daily functioning. It negatively impacts learning of academic skills such as match and reading skills. Artificial intelligence (AI) may offer opportunities for these students to improve their academic performance. AimsTo investigate the effectiveness of using AI in improving academic skills in a sample of seventy boys aged 9–12 with mild ID. They were enrolled into special education programs integrated into public schools in the Jeddah region of Saudi Arabia. MethodsParticipants were randomly assigned to an experimental and control group. The experimental group received ten 60-minute sessions twice weekly during five weeks, utilizing AI to personalize their academic skills activities. The control group received the educational program without the AI. All participants completed the Woodcock-Johnson IV-achievement test at pre-intervention, post-intervention, and one-month follow-up. ResultsThe experimental group demonstrated significant and sustained improvements in academic performance across all measured domains compared to the control group, with effect sizes ranging from moderate (η² = 0.685) to large (η² = 0.921), underscoring the efficacy of the intervention at post-intervention. Conclusions and ImplicationsThis study sheds light on the promise of applying AI tools in special education to respond to distinctive needs experienced by students with mild ID. Future studies should investigate the long-term effects of such interventions and their broader applications across diverse educational contexts for inclusive learning.

School-age growth and development following infant feeding and/or water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions in rural Zimbabwe: long-term follow-up of a cluster-randomised trial

Few trials have explored long-term effects of interventions designed to reduce child stunting. We evaluated school-age outcomes in rural Zimbabwean children who received cluster-randomised water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) and/or infant and young child feeding (IYCF) interventions from pregnancy up to 18 months of age. The Sanitation Hygiene Infant Nutrition Efficacy (SHINE) trial enrolled pregnant women from two rural Zimbabwean districts (Chirumanzu and Shurugwi) between 2012 and 2015, and cluster-randomised them using a 2×2 factorial design to standard-of-care, WASH, IYCF, or combined WASH & IYCF, with a co-primary outcome of height-for-age Z-score and haemoglobin at 18 months (clinicaltrials.govNCT01824940). Children who were HIV-unexposed, age 7 years, and still living in Shurugwi district were eligible for this follow-up study (registered at PACTR 202201828512110) and measured between 1st April 2021 and 30th September 2022. The primary outcome at 7 years was cognitive function using the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (KABC-II). Secondary outcomes were executive function, literacy and numeracy, fine motor skills, socioemotional function, handgrip strength, broad jump distance, shuttle-run test distance, anthropometry, lean mass index, and skinfold thicknesses. Study nurses conducting assessments were blinded to intervention arm. Analysis followed a pre-registered statistical analysis plan. Intention-to-treat analyses using generalized estimating equations were used to assess the long-term effects of WASH and IYCF on each outcome, leveraging the factorial trial design. A pre-specified subgroup analysis by child sex was also performed. Among 3989 HIV-negative women, 3676 children were assessed at age 18 months; of these, 1002 (510 female) were assessed at mean (SD) age 7.3 (0.2) years. There was no effect of IYCF or WASH on the KABC-II score or secondary cognitive outcomes, except a small improvement in socioemotional function in WASH arms (-0.98 points, 95% CI-1.73,-0.22, p=0.01). Children in IYCF arms had higher handgrip strength (0.28Kg, 95% CI 0.02, 0.53, p=0.03); however, in the pre-specified subgroup analysis, improved handgrip strength was seen only in boys (0.53Kg, 95% CI 0.19, 0.87 p=0.002). There were no significant effects of either intervention on other outcomes. Early-life IYCF and WASH led to few functional benefits by school-age. Interventions that are more comprehensive, delivered for longer, and include nurturing care should be considered to improve long-term cognitive and physical function. Wellcome [220671/Z/20/Z, 108065/Z/15/Z]; NIH [R61HD103101]; Thrasher [15250]; and IMMANA [3.02].

Impact of complete revascularization on long-term clinical outcomes in patients with multi-vessel disease, including chronic total occlusion.

To compare the long-term prognostic effect of complete percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on cardiovascular events in chronic total occlusion (CTO) patients with the multi-vessel disease (MVD) compared with medical therapy (MT). We enrolled 441 patients with CTO and MVD who underwent PCI. The study population was divided into the CTO-PCI (n = 231) and the CTO-MT (n = 210) groups. Active PCI for non-CTO lesions was permitted in both groups. The primary endpoint was defined as the composite of all-cause death or myocardial infarction (MI). The primary endpoint occurred more frequently in the CTO-MT group (13.5%) than in the CTO-PCI group (4.7%; P = 0.002). However, the target vessel revascularization (TVR), as a secondary endpoint, occurred more in the CTO-PCI group (16.3% vs. 5.5%, P = 0.001). After propensity score matching (PSM) analysis, the primary endpoint was higher in the CTO-MT group (12.6%) than in the PCI group (2.3%): all-cause death (8.4% vs. 2.3%, P = 0.042) and MI (4.3% vs. 0.0%, P = 0.023). Moreover, TVR of the CTO lesions occurred more frequently in the CTO-PCI group (18.1% vs. 6.8%, P = 0.009). Significant improvement in the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was observed in both groups. According to the results of the subgroup analysis, CTO-PCI may be more effective in patients with diabetes, preserved LVEF (> 50%), and well-developed collateral vessels (> grade II). In this study, complete revascularization in CTO with MVD reduced the incidence of all-cause death, MI, and a composite of both over a 5year follow-up compared to medical treatment for CTO lesions.

Impact of a Nutrition Knowledge Intervention on Knowledge and Food Behaviour of Women Within a Rural Community.

The influence of women in shaping household dietary habits is undeniable, with their maternal nutritional knowledge significantly impacting the overall well-being of their families. The study objective was to evaluate the impact of maternal nutritional knowledge on household dietary habits, emphasising the improvement in women's nutrition knowledge and food-related behaviours. This study aimed to assess the immediate and long-term effects of a nutrition education intervention on the nutrition knowledge and food-related behaviours of women. A quasi-experimental research design was employed to assess the effects of a Nutrition Education Programme (NEP) on female caregivers' nutrition knowledge and food-related behaviours. This study followed a four-phase approach: baseline survey, programme formulation, implementation and evaluation. Data were collected at various stages of this study using two measurement tools: a Dietary Diversity Questionnaire and a Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed to answer the research questions and to test the null hypotheses at a significance level of 0.05. The intervention positively affected nutrition knowledge, with the mean percentage increasing from 49.1% to 63.7% and reaching 64.4% at follow-up, indicating long-term knowledge retention. The findings of this study suggest a positive shift towards increased consumption of nutrient-rich food groups. There were significant improvements in the food groups' consumption of the meat group (7.15 ± 2.35), eggs (1 ± 0), dairy (3.76 ± 1.19), cereal (8.78 ± 2.09), legumes (2.86 ± 0.95) and fats and oils (2.12 ± 0.55). Additionally, the variety of food groups consumed significantly improved (p = 0.012) post-intervention, with an increasing trend in the consumption of a variety of food groups (7-9). Tailored nutrition education (NE) programs, in conjunction with addressing socioeconomic barriers positively impact nutritional behaviours, promote healthier food consumption patterns and assist in long-term knowledge retention in disadvantaged communities.

Challenges of Providing Transitional Care and Empowerment for Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities (ID): A Qualitative Study of Families’ Experiences through Guardian Interviews

This study aimed to explore the challenges and strategies associated with transitional care for individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) through interviews with 12 guardians. The research identified key issues including system fragmentation, the inadequacy of tailored services, and the critical role of informal support networks. Findings reveal that guardians experience significant difficulties navigating a fragmented care system and face challenges in accessing services that meet their loved ones' specific needs. Despite these obstacles, guardians employ proactive strategies, such as developing personalized care plans and fostering independence and self-advocacy, to manage the transition effectively. The study emphasizes the need for integrated care models and tailored support services, as well as support for guardians in care planning. It also highlights the importance of strengthening informal support networks. Limitations include the small sample size and reliance on self-reported data, which may impact the generalizability of the findings. Future research should explore broader populations and conduct longitudinal studies to assess the long-term effectiveness of transitional care interventions. Overall, this study has provided valuable insights for improving transitional care programs and supports the development of more coordinated, responsive, and personalized care strategies for individuals with ID.

Fathers as Key Figures Shaping the Foundations of Early Childhood Development: An Exploratory Longitudinal Study on Web-Based Intervention.

Background/Objectives: Early childhood development is profoundly influenced by parent-child interactions, with recent research emphasizing the crucial role fathers play alongside mothers. Paternal involvement, especially in caregiving activities like feeding, positively impacts children's cognitive, emotional, and social development. However, paternal depressive symptoms can hinder the quality of these interactions, potentially leading to long-term behavioral and emotional difficulties in children. Despite this, interventions to enhance caregiving quality that target fathers remain limited. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a web-based video feedback intervention in improving father-child feeding interactions and reducing psychopathological symptoms in both fathers and their 12- to 24-month-old children. Methods: A longitudinal study was conducted with 244 fathers and their young children. Participants were assessed at two time points (T1 and T2) four weeks apart. Fathers engaged in remote one-hour intervention sessions twice a week, based on the Video Intervention Therapy (VIT) approach. The Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) assessed the fathers' psychopathological symptoms, while the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL 1½-5) evaluated the children's emotional and behavioral functioning. Father-child feeding interactions were video-recorded and analyzed using the Scala di Valutazione delle Interazioni Alimentari (SVIA). Results: Post-intervention analyses showed significant improvements in father-child feeding interactions, with reductions in maladaptive behaviors and interactive conflicts. Fathers exhibited significant decreases in psychopathological symptoms, particularly in depression, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive tendencies. Children demonstrated significant reductions in internalizing and externalizing problems. Conclusions: The web-based video feedback intervention effectively enhanced the quality of father-child feeding interactions and reduced psychopathological symptoms in both fathers and children. These findings highlight the importance of supporting fathers in their caregiving roles to promote positive developmental outcomes during critical early childhood periods. Further research is warranted to explore the long-term effects of such interventions and their applicability across diverse populations.

NEUROSCIENCE AND LATE LITERACY: NEW INSIGHTS FOR PEDAGOGICAL PRACTICES

This research investigated the intersection between neuroscience and late literacy, focusing on how neuroscientific advances can inform and improve pedagogical practices in this context. The central problem analyzed was how neuroscience knowledge can be applied to improve literacy processes in young people and adults. The overall objective was to examine the contributions of neuroscience to the development of effective strategies for late literacy, considering the neurological specificities of this population. The methodology used was a systematic literature review, with a qualitative approach, analyzing recent publications in cognitive neuroscience, youth and adult education, and literacy methodologies. The results indicated that understanding the neural mechanisms involved in learning to read and write in adults can support more efficient pedagogical practices. Insights on neural plasticity, phonological processing, and memory strategies specific to late learners stood out. The research highlighted the importance of multisensory and contextualized approaches, considering the previous experiences of the students. The final considerations pointed to the need for greater integration between neuroscience and education in the training of literacy teachers, as well as the development of methodologies adapted to the neurocognitive particularities of young people and adults in the process of learning to read and write. Longitudinal studies were recommended to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of neuroscience-based interventions in late literacy.