Long Periods Of Drought Research Articles

Climate Variability Adaptation Strategies Used by Small-Scale Maize Farmers in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya

The agricultural industry is threatened by climate variability due to its over-reliance on climatic conditions. Maize production faces similar threats due to its sensitivity to climate variations and changes in weather patterns, specifically rainfall and temperature. Increased temperatures, rainfall variability, and heightened frequency of climate extremes, such as long periods of drought, were found to have a significant impact on Kenya’s maize production. This study therefore sought to identify climate variability adaptation strategies used by small-scale maize farmers in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya, to curb the effects of climate variability on maize yield. The study adopted a descriptive survey design where questionnaires were administered to 394 household heads. The results show some farmers chose different adaptation strategies to lessen the impact of climate variability on maize yield, while others stuck to their original methods of farming. Changing crop varieties and changing planting dates were the highly opted-for adaptation strategies, while dry planting, irrigation farming, planting drought-tolerant crops and soil moisture conservation techniques were the least opted-for adaptation strategies. Socioeconomic factors such as land size, education level, age, gender and marital status had a strong influence on the choice of utilisation of various adaptation strategies. So as to curb the adverse outcomes of climate variability and empower small-scale maize farmers, the study recommended proper education on diverse adaptation methods, access to accurate climate data for proper adjustment to planting dates, sensitization on different crop varieties as well as access to financial resources to promote practices like irrigation farming

Non-Destructive Determination of Plant Pigments Based on Mobile Phone Data

This paper proposes methods and tools for determining plant pigments using data from a mobile phone video sensor. A disadvantage of the known studies in this field is that they are mainly aimed at determining the chlorophyll content. There are few studies related to the determination of pigments such as carotenoids, flavonoids, and betalains, which are also important in terms of determining the condition of plants in their cultivation. Cucumbers were chosen because the long periods of drought in Bulgaria, lead to losses in cultivating these plants. Vectors containing colour and spectral indices were used. These features are obtained through a video sensor on a mobile phone. The kernel method variant of principal components reduces them. Feature vectors are selected using factor analysis, correspondence analysis, and the correlation method. Predictive models have been developed to determine plant pigments. With high accuracy (over 90%), the pigments xanthophyll and chlorophyll A can be predicted.

Effects of Biochar on Drought Tolerance of Pinus banksiana Seedlings

Drought is a major stressor of tree seedlings regarding both natural and artificial regeneration, especially in excessively drained, sandy outwash soils. While climate change is expected to cause an increase in the total annual precipitation in the Upper Midwest, USA, the timing of the precipitation is predicted to result in longer periods of drought during the growing season. Biochar, a material created through the pyrolysis of organic matter, such as wood waste, has been proposed as a soil amendment that may increase the water holding capacity of a soil. Biochar has mostly been studied in agricultural settings, and less is known about the impact of biochar on forest soils and tree seedlings. We used a greenhouse experiment to test the ability of biochar to improve the drought tolerance of jack pine (Pinus banksiana) seedlings via increased soil water holding capacity. The seedlings were planted in sandy soil treated with three levels of biochar (none, 3% by weight, and 6% by weight) in two experiments, one manipulating the timing of drought onset and the other controlling the amount of water that seedlings received. Our results showed no significant effects of biochar on seedling survival, growth, or physiology under drought conditions. While this outcome did not support the hypothesis that biochar would increase seedling performance, the biochar amendments did not negatively affect seedlings, indicating that biochar may be added to soil for carbon storage without having negative short-term impacts on tree seedlings.

Soil Erosion in Extensive versus Intensive Land Uses in Areas Sensitive to Desertification: A Case Study in Beira Baixa, Portugal

The occurrence of long periods of drought followed by extreme episodes of rainfall and ineffective soil conservation practices are the main causes of soil erosion in the Mediterranean region. The objective of this paper is to assess and compare the hydrological and erosional responses related to land use changes in agricultural landscapes that are sensitive to erosion and that are a result of the significant replacement of traditional land uses. Such changes are characterized by the replacement of extensive olive groves associated with pastureland by intensive almond production, where deep plowing and heavy machinery are required. In each sampling site, runoff initiation, runoff coefficient, and soil loss were evaluated under simulated rainfall (55 mm h−1), at plot scale (0.25 m2), at the end of the hot and dry summer period. Slope gradient, soil texture, bulk density, soil organic matter content, soil water content, and plant cover were also determined. The results showed the impact of recently planted intensive almond orchards (IAOs) on accelerating soil erosion risk compared with the extensive traditional olive groves (EOGs), although runoff initiation and discharge are very similar between the studied land uses. The mean values recorded for soil loss and sediment concentration were 118 g m−2 h−1 and 12 g m−2 h−1 and 3.1 g L−1 and 0.7 g L−1, respectively, for IAOs and EOGs. Our results also demonstrated that maintaining a vegetation cover is a determining factor for the prevention and control of soil erosion, especially in IAOs, where retaining high percentages of natural plant-residue mulch layers (>70%) reduced soil loss by about 70% in this study.

Impacts of a hydroinfiltrator rainwater harvesting system on soil moisture regime and groundwater distribution for olive groves in semi-arid Mediterranean regions

Dry periods in semi-arid regions constitute one of the greatest hazardous features that agriculture faces. This study investigates the effects of using a new device called ‘Hydroinfiltrator Rainwater Harvesting System (HRHS) on the water balance of soils. It was designed for arid and semi-arid zones affected by long periods of drought punctuated by heavy rainstorms. The new hydroinfiltrator consists of a net-like shell filled mainly with biochar. It is cylindrical in shape, is placed vertically and is half-buried in the soil around the crop tree to facilitate the infiltration of rainwater, irrigation or runoff water deep into the soil. The experimental plot is located in Baena (Córdoba, southern Spain) in an olive grove where the hydroinfiltrator was installed in 90 olive trees while 10 were left as a control group. In the xeric climate (bordering on arid), typical of the region, soils without a hydroinfiltrator have had a low infiltration rate, which reduces the effectiveness of precipitation and significantly increases the risk of water erosion. The effects of infiltration assisted by the device were analysed by simulating a torrential rain in which 600 L of water were passed through the hydroinfiltrator on an olive tree which had been installed 3 years previously. Geophysical methods (electrical resistivity tomography, ERT), direct analyses of soil samples, both in situ and in the laboratory, and theoretical flow models indicated a very significant increase in soil moisture (which nearly tripled in respect to the control group) because water was absorbed into the soil quickly, preventing runoff and water erosion. The soil moisture at 20 cm depth was 2.97 times higher with the HRHS than in the control plots. In addition, olive production increased by 211% and was higher in fat yield by 177%. Moreover, the resistivity profiles, taken by ERT showed that the water that entered the soil accumulated in the root zone of the olive tree, encouraged by the preferential pathways created by the roots and away from the surface, which prevented rapid evaporation during the high temperatures of spring and summer. Here we show for the first time that the use of the hydroinfiltrator rainwater harvesting system represents a significant improvement in the use of scarce water resources caused by climate change, providing agronomic and environmental benefits for rainfed, Mediterranean agricultural systems.

Structural and compositional acclimation of forests to extended drought: results of the KROOF throughfall exclusion experiment in Norway spruce and European beech

Drought effects on tree growth and mortality are widely studied, but scant knowledge exists on its impact on stand density, size variation, or mixing proportions. Grasping drought's influence on structural and compositional diversity is crucial for stand dynamics, ecosystem services, and silvicultural adaptation. We relied on KROOF, a 5-year throughfall exclusion experiment in a mature Norway spruce (Picea abies) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica) stand, to analyze its impact on structural and compositional attributes, including Stand Density Index (SDI), Growth Dominance Coefficient (GDC), and species mixing proportion. Our study demonstrates that drought-induced growth reduction and tree loss decreased SDI by 27%, mixing proportion by 41% at Norway spruce’s expense, and homogenized stand structure. Furthermore, we reveal that stand density, mixing proportion, and structural diversity were more affected in Norway spruce, stabilizing growth at the stand level. Extended drought significantly altered growth partitioning in favor of smaller trees, with a 70% reduction in growth-size relationship slope and a 157% decrease in GDC. Species-level analysis indicated a stronger partitioning shift towards smaller trees, particularly in Norway spruce. We discuss that longer drought periods may trigger acclimation at tree and stand levels, potentially underestimated when based solely on individual drought years. Sustained stress could induce acclimation across various levels, from the stand to the species cohort, tree, and organ. Maintaining structural and compositional diversity may mitigate future drought stress effects on growth, mortality, and stand structure, as exemplified by the extended experimental drought. We suggest silvicultural approaches better attuned to natural processes amid climate change.

Rate of occurrence of wood degradation in foundations and archaeological sites when groundwater levels are too low

In many places around the world, soils preserve ancient wooden elements. These are related to archaeological objects such as shipwrecks, water wells or tools, but also to piled constructions supporting buildings and waterworks. In countries like the Netherlands, a significant part of the built environment still stands on wooden piles and some have been in function for more than 600 years. For the preservation of this wood, it is essential that it remains waterlogged. Due to climate change, more and longer periods of drought are expected during which groundwater levels drop. Previously waterlogged wood that finds itself above groundwater loses its water protection as oxygen becomes available and wood degrading fungi become active. It is unclear how much time it takes before these detrimental processes start to have an effect. Therefore, to better protect buried wood, an understanding of the degradation processes under dynamic groundwater levels is needed. This includes the conditions under which the fungi become active and when these conditions occur in and around the wood. To address this complex issue, two experiments were conducted: Firstly, under optimal laboratory conditions, the rate of degradation over time by different fungal species in different wood species was determined. Subsequently, the changing conditions in and around wooden piles after lowering the groundwater level were examined in a field experiment. The latter experiment showed that the wood-soil matrix provides long-term protection against degradation. The soil types appear to be an important factor as well as the moisture content of the wood, both determining for how long the protection can be maintained. Together with the degradation speed by fungi, a risk assessment can be made for specific conditions when drought leads to loss of archaeological cultural heritage or to instability of our (monumental) buildings and structures.

Impact of alternative water policies for drought adaptation in the Guadalquivir Mediterranean river basin, southern Spain

Study regionThe Guadalquivir Basin in Spain as a representative Mediterranean basin. Study focusThe aim of this study is to assess the adaptive capacity of Mediterranean basins to long periods of severe drought. To do so, a hydro-economic model has been developed that includes a spatial representation of the major economic uses of water and enables an analysis of the economic and environmental effects of alternative water management policies under a single event of water scarcity. New hydrological insights for the regionResults highlight the trade-offs among economic uses of water and environmental flow requirements since water resources in the Guadalquivir are fully allocated. Moreover, the increase of irrigated perennial crops area will aggravate vulnerability to drought by limiting the adaptive capacity of the basin. Survival irrigation is the first option for farmers to adapt to the simulated extreme drought. 148,000 ha are shifted from normal irrigation to survival irrigation in the Drought Management Protocol scenario. These findings call for policy interventions to ensure greater management flexibility toward optimising water use while meeting environmental goals. For instance, enabling water trading among farmers would reallocate 22 % more water to the upper basin, reducing drought losses by 22 M EUR. The hydro-economic model developed here can be adapted to basins elsewhere and the results show that it can be a useful tool to guide the design of efficient water management policies to address severe droughts in water-stressed basins.

Contribution of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal and Endophytic Fungi to Drought Tolerance in Araucaria araucana Seedlings.

In its natural distribution, Araucaria araucana is a plant species usually exposed to extreme environmental constraints such as wind, volcanism, fires, and low rainfall. This plant is subjected to long periods of drought, accentuated by the current climate emergency, causing plant death, especially in its early growth stages. Understanding the benefits that both arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and endophytic fungi (EF) could provide plants under different water regimes would generate inputs to address the above-mentioned issues. Here, the effect of AMF and EF inoculation (individually and combined) on the morphophysiological variables of A. araucana seedlings subjected to different water regimes was evaluated. Both the AMF and EF inocula were obtained from A. araucana roots growing in natural conditions. The inoculated seedlings were kept for 5 months under standard greenhouse conditions and subsequently subjected to three different irrigation levels for 2 months: 100, 75, and 25% of field capacity (FC). Morphophysiological variables were evaluated over time. Applying AMF and EF + AMF yielded a noticeable survival rate in the most extreme drought conditions (25% FC). Moreover, both the AMF and the EF + AMF treatments promoted an increase in height growth between 6.1 and 16.1%, in the production of aerial biomass between 54.3 and 62.6%, and in root biomass between 42.5 and 65.4%. These treatments also kept the maximum quantum efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm 0.71 for AMF and 0.64 for EF + AMF) stable, as well as high foliar water content (>60%) and stable CO2 assimilation under drought stress. In addition, the EF + AMF treatment at 25% FC increased the total chlorophyll content. In conclusion, using indigenous strains of AMF, alone or in combination with EF, is a beneficial strategy to produce A. araucana seedlings with an enhanced ability to tolerate prolonged drought periods, which could be of great relevance for the survival of these native species under the current climate change.

Use of Thermography to Evaluate Alternative Crops for Off-Season in the Cerrado Region.

Future predictions due to climate change are of decreases in rainfall and longer drought periods. The search for new tolerant crops is an important strategy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of water stress on the physiology and productivity of crops with potential for growing in the off-season period in the Cerrado, and evaluate correlations with the temperature of the canopy obtained by means of thermography. The experiment was conducted under field conditions, with experimental design in randomized blocks, in a split-plot scheme and four replications. The plots were: common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris); amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus); quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa); and buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum). The subplots were composed of four water regimes: maximum water regime (WR 535 mm), high-availability regime (WR 410 mm), off-season water regime (WR 304 mm) and severe water regime (WR 187 mm). Under WR 304 mm, the internal concentration of CO2 and photosynthesis were reduced by less than 10% in amaranth. Common bean and buckwheat reduced 85% in photosynthesis. The reduction in water availability increased the canopy temperature in the four crops and, in general, common bean was the most sensitive species, while quinoa had the lowest canopy temperatures. Furthermore, canopy temperature correlated negatively with grain yield, biomass yield and gas exchange across all plant species, thus thermal imaging of the canopy represents a promising tool for monitoring crop productivity for farmers, For the identification of crops with high water use management for research.

Landslide Measurement in Glendroud Region (From the Central Part of Noor City) in Mazandaran Province Iran by Using Remote Sensing and Radar Interferometry Techniques

Studying and monitoring the amount of displacement caused by changes in the shape of the earth's surface is one of the important and practical studies in various topics of geology and geophysics, which plays a significant role in the prevention and behavior of natural disasters such as earthquakes, subsidence, and landslides. Among them, there are various methods for geodetic measurements and monitoring of these deformations, among them the radar interferometric technique with the capabilities of producing wide, frequent and continuous ground covers, as well as high temporal and spatial resolution, is one of the techniques has become importantand significant. Landslides in the Yilagh area of GlenrodRoyan, Noor city, caused a lot of damage to some residential areas, gardens and roads of several villages in the region. Due to the movement of the earth, water and electricity have been cut off in some areas. About one kilometer of the north-south road has been destroyed and the most damage has been done to the houses of Foulad welfare complex. After passing through a long period (more than 60 years) of drought, the country of Iran has faced various risks in recent years, especially in 2018 and 2019, including floods and landslides. The aim of this thesis is to obtain the amount of displacements caused by the landslide in Glenrod region in 2019 using sentinel-1 satellite images by using the differential radar interferometry method using snap software. In this regard, from 4 satellite images It has been used during the years 2019-2020, and according to the results obtained, the largest landslide during the second period was 15 cm, which is based on the information obtained from the mapping organization and the opinion of geologists and experts in the region who stated that the largest displacement in area under report was March 2019 and it matches with the findings carried out by the present authors.

Determinants of range sizes pinpoint vulnerability of groundwater species to climate change: A case study on subterranean amphipods from the Dinarides

Abstract Range size is one of the most important criteria for determining species conservation status. It is an outcome of multiple factors, including a species' ecological tolerance and propensity to disperse, availability and temporal stability of suitable habitat patches, and between‐patch connectivity. Understanding the determinants of range size could help identify the main threats, which may differ among species. Subterranean species typically have smaller ranges than their surface counterparts. However, the determinants of their ranges are poorly known. The aim of this study was to test three potential determinants of species range size (habitat type, body size, and species age) using the species of the amphipod genus Niphargus. The study was performed within the Dinarides (south‐east Europe), a global subterranean hotspot. The only significant determinant of range size was the habitat in which the species lived. The species with the smallest ranges inhabit fissure systems in the upper layers of the carbonate massifs with predominantly vertical water flow. The species with the largest ranges live in the deepest zone – the permanently flooded phreatic with lateral water flow. These results imply that differences in connectivity among habitats determine the range sizes of aquatic subterranean species. The vertical gradient in habitat connectivity indicates the vulnerability of the species to climate change. Desertification and longer periods of drought will probably have a greater effect on fauna in fissures than in the phreatic zone. In addition, lowering the groundwater table might exacerbate the fragmentation of intermediate habitats, possibly enhancing local extinction. The habitat ecology of subterranean species should be considered in International Union for Conservation of Nature assessments. Given that the most narrowly distributed aquatic subterranean species live in habitats subjected to climatic drying, the protection of subterranean fauna depends on the management of surface habitats such as forests.

Application of the Iber Two-Dimensional Model to Recover the Water Quality in the Lurín River

The Lurín River is one of the main sources of water for the city of Lima. However, the discharge of domestic wastewater, the presence of dumps, and long periods of drought cause the deterioration of the water resource. In this study, DO, BOD5, E. coli, T, EC, TSS, U, and h were monitored at 13 monitoring points spread over 20 km of river influence. This information was used to calibrate the parameters of Kdbo, Kaire, Kdos, and Kdec in the Iber two-dimensional numerical model, obtaining values of 0.55 d−1, [4.84 d−1–80.65 d−1], 10 g O2 m−2d−1, and [1.49 d−1–15.42 d−1], respectively, with efficiencies ranging from “very good” to “satisfactory”. In the hydraulic model, a discretization of the channel, banks, and plains of 3, 5, and 7 m, respectively, was considered, resulting in a computational calculation time of 4 days in each simulation. The greatest contamination occurs in July at km 5 + 400 up to the Pan-American bridge. Therefore, it is proposed to recover the river by optimizing the San Bartolo Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) and a new WWTP in Pachacámac to avoid diffuse contamination, with discharge flows of 0.980 m3s−1 and 0.373 m3s−1, respectively, and 4 mg L−1, 15 mg L−1 and 1000 NMP/100 mL for DO, BOD5, and E. coli, respectively.

The ‘Deluge’ of 25 October 1822 in Genoa, Italy

The ‘Deluge’ of 25 October 1822 in Genoa, Italy

Comparison Between Three Methods to Monitor Reservoir Extension in the Brazilian Semi-Arid Region

The State of Pernambuco covers an extensive semi-arid area where the Caatinga biome dominates. This region is characterized by long periods of drought, highlighting the need for water resource optimization. This paper aimed to compare three methods to assess reservoir changes: MapBiomas' products, the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), and a support vector machine (SVM) algorithm. Initially, we obtained the monthly precipitation from 1987 to 2019 and calculated the yearly accumulation. Mapbiomas, Landsat 7 ETM, and Landsat 8 OLI data from 2012-2018 were accessed and processed using the Google Earth Engine platform. We obtained the annual image with the median pixel criterion to determine the NDWI and quantify the annual reservoir area. For the supervised classification with SVM, samples from different land-use types of the study area were used to train the algorithm. From 2012 to 2018, a reservoir reduction of 63.42% was observed with MapBiomas images, 69.49% with NDWI images, and 67.69% using the SVM algorithm. The results obtained using NDWI were the most similar to those from the artificial intelligence classification, indicating that NDWI can be used to monitor the reservoir conditions.

Spatiotemporal Kriging for Days without Rainfall in a Region of Northeastern Brazil

Climate change has had several negative effects, including more severe storms, warmer oceans, high temperatures and, in particular, increased drought, directly affecting the water availability in a region. The Northeast Region of Brazil (NEB) is known to have scarce rainfall, especially in the northeastern semiarid region. Droughts and high temperatures in the NEB negatively affect water resources in the region, resulting in a gradual decrease in the storage volume in the reservoirs and contributing to unprecedented water scarcity. The objective of this research was to investigate the spatiotemporal behavior of the number of days without rain (DWR) in a region of northeastern Brazil, making use of the spatiotemporal geostatistical methodology. Cross-validation resulted in an R2 of 71%, indicating a good performance of spatiotemporal kriging for predicting DWRs. The results indicate a spatial dependence for a radius of up to 39 km and that the DWR observations in a certain location influence its estimates in the next 2.8 years. The projection maps from 2021 to 2030 identified a growing trend in the DWRs. With the results presented in our study, it is expected that they can be used by government agencies for the adoption of public policies aiming to minimize the possible damage caused by long periods of drought.

THE INFLUENCE OF CLIMATIC CHANGES ON THE WOODY VEGETATION OF THE MEHEDINTI PLATEAU GEOPARK

In the climatic conditions of the Mehedinți Plateau, the plant species of sub-Mediterranean origin have adapted to a certain duration and variation of the thermal and precipitation regime during the growing season, in correlation with their demands on temperature and humidity.The climatic disturbances observed in recent years (short periods with very abundant precipitation, very long periods of drought, springs with very low temperatures, at the limit of freezing), can create serious imbalances in these plants. From a phenological point of view, the plants started growing in 2021, at the beginning of April. In 2022, in the same period, the plants were still resting. Compared to the data from the spring and summer of 2021, in 2022 the water content of the leaves was lower and much lower values of the photosynthesis process were recorded. As a consequence, the growth rate was seriously affected. Young plants were more strongly affected than mature trees.

“The sparrow loves millet, but labors not”: Energy use and infrastructure in the Senegal Valley, 1450-1760

ABSTRACT This article examines the history of precolonial energy use in the Senegal Valley from 1450–1760, showing how the Wolof kingdoms developed technologically sophisticated systems of energy use to construct an infrastructure of what I call ‘organic refineries’. As co-constructed sites of energy use, technological innovation, and material production, the organic refineries of the Senegal Valley relied on the expertise of peasant farmers, the labor of enslaved workers, and the fertility of arable land to endure long periods of drought and political instability during the era of the transatlantic slave trade. In centering the history of premodern energy use within an African context, this study demonstrates how energy use was not solely confined to the factories, blast furnaces, and coal refineries associated with the proto-industrial economies of the West. The precolonial populations of the Senegal Valley, I argue, developed and deployed a wide range of technical skills, expertise, and systems of labor that coalesced into a resilient infrastructure of agrarian energy systems. These energy regimes enabled them to withstand ecological instability – droughts, locust plagues, and food scarcity – and to compete for control over networks of commercial exchange.

Morfofisiologia e relações hídricas de porta-enxertos de Spondias sob diferentes frequências de irrigação

ABSTRACT The semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil is characterized by scarcity of water for irrigation purposes due to long periods of drought, compromising the development of species such as Spondias tuberosa L. and Spondias mombin L., which, despite being considered drought tolerant, can have their yield negatively affected by low water availability. The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphophysiology, quantum efficiency and water relations of S. tuberosa and S. mombin rootstocks under different irrigation intervals in the semi-arid region of Paraíba, Brazil. The experimental design was carried out in randomized blocks, in a 5 × 2 factorial scheme, referring to 5 irrigation intervals - INT (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 days after each irrigation event) and two species of the genus Spondias - SPC (S. tuberosa and S. mombin) with four replicates and three plants per plot, totaling 120 plants. Irrigation management with a five-day irrigation interval reduced gas exchange and growth of rootstocks of the Spondias species. The quantum efficiency of photosystem II of Spondias rootstocks (S. tuberosa and S. mombin) was not compromised when the plants were irrigated every two and four days. Irrigation every three days in the early stages of development of Spondias species can be used with the lowest losses in gas exchange and growth of rootstocks.

Analyzing the Carro Pipa Operation with Geointelligence Techniques

Operation Carro Pipa (OCP) is a federal government action in Brazil with the objective of distributing drinking water to regions severely affected by long periods of drought and low rainfall using trucks. The region served has continental dimensions, covering an area of 688,064 km² and supplying 1703 cities and approximately 5.2 million people. Because it is a large-scale action that involves a lot of public resources, it is essential that all OCP activities are recorded in a safe, complete, and standardized way. This information can be used for potential benefits, audits, and analysis to propose improvements and ensure the provision of this essential service to society. To achieve this, this work analyzes data recorded from the OCP service offered in a Brazilian state and presents computational solutions that can improve the monitoring, registration, storage, and processing of the data generated by this action.