Long-term Well-being Research Articles

Dietary Habits and Nutritional Status of Youths Living in Rural and Semi-Urban Albania in the Ongoing Nutrition Transition: Preliminary Results

Background: Albania is undergoing a demographic, epidemiological, and nutrition transition leading to an increased prevalence of overweight and obesity among new generations. Comprehensive studies on the nutritional status and dietary patterns of youths in the country are still lacking. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a convenience sample of students (10–18 years) attending secondary schools in rural and semi-urban areas (October–November 2024). Information collected included socio-demographic data, anthropometric measurements (weight, height), and adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD) (KIDMED). Factors influencing dietary patterns were investigated, with a multivariate logistic regression performed to identify key drivers for poor MD adherence (AOR 95% CI). Results: In total, 426 children (47.2% females) were interviewed. Over 20% of the sample was overweight or obese, with the prevalence of these diseases decreasing with age regardless of gender. The KIDMED score highlighted suboptimal MD adherence (4.6 ± 2.5 SD), with significant differences between females and males (4.1 ± 2.4 SD vs. 5.1 ± 2.4 SD, p < 0.001), especially in rural areas (3.9 ± 2.4 SD vs. 4.9 ± 2.5 SD, p = 0.003). Dietary quality tended to decline with age. Female gender was the strongest predictor of poor MD adherence (AOR 2.08 CI: 1.34–3.22; p = 0.001). Conclusions: The MD is a cornerstone for ensuring the Albanian population’s long-term health and well-being. This study holds significant public health relevance in a country with high mortality rates due to cardiovascular diseases. Future nutrition interventions focused on the poor MD adherence of new generations should take into consideration geographic, cultural, and social dimensions, including gender equality.

Purpose in Life After Brain Injury: Expanding the Focus and Impact of Interdisciplinary Rehabilitation.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a life-altering event that can abruptly and drastically derail an individual's expected life trajectory. While some adults who have sustained a TBI go on to make a full recovery, many live with persisting disability many years postinjury. Helping patients adjust to and flourish with disability that may persist should be as much a part of rehabilitative practice as addressing impairment, activity, and participation-level changes after TBI. Living with a sense of purpose in daily life has been shown to provide numerous health and psychological benefits in the general population, especially in the face of major life transitions. In this article, we argue that rehabilitative professionals across disciplines can fruitfully leverage the construct of purpose in life to lend structure, meaning, and intrinsic motivation to TBI rehabilitation and to the recrafting of lives in the aftermath of unexpected change. We provide a narrative review of the literature relevant to recovery and long-term well-being after TBI and of the role of purpose in daily life in promoting well-being in the general population. We then outline avenues for, and potential benefits of, incorporating a focus on purpose in life into TBI rehabilitation and discuss future directions in purpose-in-life rehabilitation research. We propose that an overarching rehabilitative focus on purpose in daily life could improve well-being after TBI by grounding therapeutic services in a construct that meaningfully connects traditional rehabilitation targets to patients' broader lives, while concurrently addressing injury-related purpose disruption, in order to promote flourishing after brain injury irrespective of a person's degree of functional recovery.

95-95-95 HIV indicators among children younger than 15 years in South Africa: results from the 2017 national HIV prevalence, incidence, behaviour, and communication survey

BackgroundEarly detection and initiation of care is crucial to the survival and long-term well-being of children living with HIV (CLHIV). However, there remain challenges regarding early testing and linking of CLHIV for early treatment. This study examines the progress made towards achieving the 95-95-95 HIV indicators and associated factors among CLHIV < 15 years in South Africa.MethodsThe data was collected as part of the 2017 cross-sectional, multistage cluster randomized population-based household National HIV survey. Age-appropriate structured questionnaires were utilized to gather sociodemographic data, HIV-related knowledge, risk behaviours, and health-related information. Blood samples were collected to test for HIV serology, viral load suppression, and antiretroviral usage. Backward stepwise multivariable generalized linear regression models were fitted to identify factors associated with the 95-95-95 HIV indicators. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) are shown, and p < 0.05 indicates statistical significance.ResultsA total of 12,237 CLHIV < 15 years were included (median 8 years, interquartile range 4–11 years). HIV prevalence was 2.8% (95% CI: 2.4–3.3). Overall, 40.0% of the CLHIV were tested and knew their status (first 95%), and among these, 72.6% (95% CI: 61.7–81.3) were on antiretroviral therapy (ART) (second 95%), and 95.0% (95% CI: 88.4–97.9) of these were virally suppressed (third 95%). Among CLHIV, the odds of testing and knowing the HIV-positive status were significantly higher among children whose health was rated as fair/poor than excellent/good [AOR = 1.32 (95%CI: 1.05–1.67), p = 0.022], and were significantly lower among females than males [AOR = 0.82 (95% CI: 0.71–0.95), p = 0.009], and were significantly lower among those attending private healthcare facilities than public health facilities [AOR = 0.64 (95% CI:0.57–0.74), p < 0.001]. Among those who knew their HIV-positive status, the odds of being on ART were significantly higher among children residing in farm areas than urban areas [AOR = 1.40 (95% CI:1.05–1.86), p = 0.017], and were significantly lower among children attending private healthcare facilities [AOR = 0.44 (95% CI:0.36–0.54), p < 0.001].ConclusionsAwareness of HIV status and initiation of treatment in children was low. The findings highlight the need to improve HIV status awareness and disclosure to children. The findings underscore the need for targeted interventions and programs tailored for CLHIV in urban areas.

Engineering Digital Systems for Humanity: a Research Roadmap

As testified by new regulations like the European AI Act, worries about the human and societal impact of (autonomous) software technologies are becoming of public concern. Human, societal, and environmental values, alongside traditional software quality, are increasingly recognized as essential for sustainability and long-term well-being. Traditionally, systems are engineered taking into account business goals and technology drivers. Considering the growing awareness in the community, in this paper, we argue that engineering of systems should also consider human, societal, and environmental drivers. Then, we identify the macro and technological challenges by focusing on humans and their role while co-existing with digital systems. The first challenge considers humans in a proactive role when interacting with digital systems, i.e., taking initiative in making things happen instead of reacting to events. The second concerns humans having a reactive role in interacting with digital systems, i.e., humans interacting with digital systems as a reaction to events. The third challenge focuses on humans with a passive role, i.e., they experience, enjoy or even suffer the decisions and/or actions of digital systems. The fourth challenge concerns the duality of trust and trustworthiness, with humans playing any role. Building on the new human, societal, and environmental drivers and the macro and technological challenges, we identify a research roadmap of digital systems for humanity. The research roadmap is concretized in a number of research directions organized into four groups: development process, requirements engineering, software architecture and design, and verification and validation.

Shifting from Burden Sharing to Task Sharing: Advancing Community-Initiated Care in MHPSS for Refugee Resettlement

The complexities of refugee resettlement in the U.S. require comprehensive mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) strategies, yet significant gaps persist due to resettlement policies prioritizing short-term self-sufficiency over long-term mental health and well-being. This study explores the shift from traditional “burden sharing” to “task sharing” models that emphasize community-initiated care (CIC). Using a two-phase qualitative method, 27 refugee leaders and bilingual service providers from 14 refugee communities, including Afghan, Bhutanese, Burmese, Congolese, Somali, and Sudanese communities, across four states participated in focus groups or key informant interviews. Thematic analysis revealed that peer support models play a critical role as bridges between cultures, service sectors, and formal and informal networks. However, peer support remains insufficient without structural reform, as refugees face barriers such as lack of professional development and power imbalances with professionals while managing their own life challenges. This study emphasizes formalizing CIC models that empower refugees to lead the sharing process in collaborative care. Intersectoral collaboration and supportive policy frameworks are necessary to sustain peer support and build long-term leadership capacity. The findings highlight the need for a system-level shift to ensure equitable responsibility for care, fostering sustainable, community-driven MHPSS solutions in refugee resettlement.

Considerations about the importance of physical exercise in people's health and well-being

Introduction: Physical exercise is any physical activity that improves and maintains a person's physical fitness, health and well-being. It is carried out for various reasons, such as muscle strengthening, improving the cardiovascular system, developing athletic skills, fat loss or maintenance, emotional well-being as well as recreational activity.Objective: characterize the effect of physical exercise on people's health and well-being.Method: a review of the literature available in databases such as SciELO, Scopus and ClinicalKey was carried out, of which a total of 15 related articles were consulted, empirical methods such as logical history and analysis and synthesis were used. Results: physical activity is considered the factor that intervenes in the state of people's health. The constant practice of physical exercise improves and strengthens the immune system, helping to preserve the integrity of the cells in the body. During the first years of life it can make a difference in terms of the good condition of the bone system, cardiovascular resistance, and lower blood pressure. , overweight and obesity. The practice of physical activity is also seen to be related to reducing symptoms of fatigue, stress, depression and increasing self-esteem and improving mood. Conclusions: physical exercise is presented as an essential tool to achieve a healthier, happier and fuller life. Regardless of age or physical condition, exercise can be adapted to individual needs, becoming an investment in your long-term health and well-being.

DOES PSYCHOLOGICAL FLEXIBILITY MEDIATE CARE-RELATED STRESS ON QUALITY OF LIFE FOR DEMENTIA CAREGIVERS?

Abstract Caregivers of individuals with dementia experience care-related burden and stressful reactions to behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) which can negatively impact multiple domains of life, including decreased global quality of life (QoL). Transdiagnostic interventions, such as those using Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) benefit dementia caregivers by addressing underlying mechanisms that impact depression, anxiety, QoL, and more. The transdiagnostic mechanism in ACT is psychological flexibility. The current study used pre-intervention (T1), post-intervention (T2) and 6-week followup (T3) data from a study of caregivers using a 6-session online, self-guided ACT program, tailored to dementia caregiving. Stepwise regression analyses (N=79) tested longitudinal mediation, examining if T2 psychological flexibility (CompACT; Francis et al., 2016), explained associations between T1 caregiver burden (Bédard et al., 2001) and T3 QoL (de Boer et al., 2004). A similar model used T1 stress reactivity of BPSD (Teri et al., 1992) as the independent variable, instead of burden. Based on correlations, both models controlled for whether the caregiver lived with the care receiver. Results indicate that psychological flexibility partially mediated the impact of burden on QoL, and fully mediated the impact of stress reactivity on QoL. Findings suggests that psychological flexibility may be an important mechanism in mitigating the impact that care-specific stress experiences have on global QoL. Caregivers often cannot leave this role, requiring them to learn to live with care-related stress in ways that do not damage their long-term wellbeing. Psychological flexibility is amenable to intervention and ACT offers promising solutions in dementia caregivers.

CHANGES IN THE AGING POLICY LANDSCAPE SINCE 2020: HITS AND MISSES

Abstract Despite deep political divisions after the 2020 election, Congress passed several major statutes to address the acute economic and health fallout of the COVID-19 pandemic, including provisions that helped older adults cover large and unexpected health care costs and expanded access to home and community-based care (HCBS). States used federal funds disbursed under these statutes to strengthen the long-term services and supports (LTSS) system and respond to the COVID-19 health emergency. But as the pandemic faded into the distance, so did the impetus to address the fundamental problems that pose the greatest long-term risk to the health and economic security of older adults. This paper reviews major legislative and regulatory initiatives adopted at the federal and state level since 2020 to improve the economic security of low-income older adults, expand Medicare and Medicaid coverage, strengthen nursing home quality and the direct care workforce, increase access to HCBS, and provide greater support to family caregivers. Despite these achievements, progress has been incremental. Little has been done to fix flaws in Medicare and Social Security financing, and policymakers have yet to address LTSS financing, all of which pose major threats to the long-term financial wellbeing of older adults and their families. These issues belong at the top of the aging policy agenda and urgently call for action by the next Administration, Congress, and state and local governments.

Application of biochar derived from expansive shrubs and limestone improved acidic soil characteristics

Biochars were produced at 350 °C and applied at varying rates (0, 52, 104, and 156 Mg ha−1 and incubation times up to 120 days. Both biochars and limestone significantly improved soil properties like pH, electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and nutrient availability. Limestone proved most effective, raising pH by 1.3 units on average and increasing EC and CEC, followed by Cadia purpurea- and Tarchonanthus camphoratus-based biochars. Biochars also increased pH, with Cadia purpurea showing the greatest effect (up to a 1.49 unit increase at the highest rate of application). These findings suggest biochar from these expansive plants holds promise for improving acidic soils. However, the optimal application rate, incubation times, and type of amendment (biochar or limestone) likely depend on specific soil characteristics and goals. Further research is needed to explore long-term effects, combined amendment approaches, and cost-effectiveness for long-term soil health, agricultural productivity, and environmental well-being.

Sustainable practices in low carbon tourism: A case study of Thailand

Environmental challenges emanating from the impacts of climate change in Thailand's tourism sector remain serious for one of the important pillars. These underpin the need for low-carbon tourism that is based on sustainable practices to guarantee the long-term well-being of the country's natural resources and communities. This case study investigates the low-carbon initiatives current situation in the Khaosok Tourism Cluster, with a focus on community-based tourism, government policies, and private sector participatory approaches to sustainable development. It enumerates the main benefits derived from embracing low-carbon practices through a qualitative multi-method approach: environmental protection, economic growth, and the social development of the local community. The study also highlights various significant challenges that the Khaosok Tourism Cluster face, including financial constraints, general lack of awareness about low carbon tourism among its stakeholders, and a regulatory shortfall that works to inhibit the adoption of sustainable measures. The addressing of such challenges is crucial to the successful integration of low carbon practices in the tourism industry. Outcomes of this research also point to the importance of multi-agency coordination and collaboration across government agencies, private operators, and the communities. These players should be working hand in hand in the development of mechanisms that give way to a low-carbon tourism community. This study proposes some recommendations; the first of these relates to improving incentive policy mechanisms that encourage and ensure compliance with low-carbon practices. Involvement of comprehensive policies and guidelines which will inspire integration of sustainable measures in the tourism sectors. Second, educational programs should be established to boost the understanding and awareness of low carbon tourism among all stakeholders, including tourists themselves, local communities, and tourism operators. A well-informed community stands a better chance of actively participating and supporting such sustainable initiatives. It is also important in the final analysis to institute effective monitoring systems that will help in successful implementation of low carbon practices. This will help in regular monitoring and evaluation to know what needs adjusting in pursuit of sustainability in practice, measure performance, as well as track progress through set targets. It will also provide valuable data for future research and policy development in sustainable tourism. By applying these recommendations, Thailand will set the standard toward low-carbon sustainable tourism to meet global climate goals. The holistic approach will preserve the beauty and resources of the country, while communities of the country will experience economic growth and social well-being.

Research on Different Development Stage Consumption and the Consumption Impact on Sustainable Development in South Korea

Sustainable development has become a cornerstone of global economic progress, shaping the decisions and policies that guide nations today. The economic trajectory of each country, including the current situation, is deeply rooted in its historical development. By examining this historical context, we can better understand the present and make informed predictions about the future. This article delves into the economic evolution and consumption patterns in South Korea over the past 50 years. Through a detailed analysis of historical data, the study seeks to reveal how South Koreas economic strategies and consumption trends have influenced its sustainable development. Furthermore, the article offers tailored recommendations for promoting sustainable growth in alignment with South Koreas current economic landscape. By exploring the intricate relationship between consumption levels and economic development, this study provides valuable insights into how past practices have shaped present conditions and offers a roadmap for future sustainability. The goal is to not only understand the past but also to leverage this understanding to craft strategies that ensure long-term economic and environmental well-being.

Insights into newborn health; Integrating anthropometric measurements and immunization status at community health center deliveries in rural India: An observational study

Abstract Introduction: Newborn health is crucial for long-term well-being and development, especially in rural India, where healthcare access is limited. This study integrates anthropometric measurements and immunization status during community health center delivery. Integrating these metrics is essential as it helps identify early growth issues and ensures timely vaccinations, which are vital for preventing malnutrition and vaccine-preventable diseases in a setting where healthcare resources are scarce, and follow-up care is often challenging. Materials and Methods: The present study is based on baseline data of a larger prospective follow-up study conducted from November 2022 to February 2024 in rural areas of North India, including newborns delivered through cesarean section or vaginal delivery. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire including weight, height, head circumference, chest circumference, and mid-arm circumference of the newborns. Results: The study included 150 newborns, with the mean age of mothers and fathers being 25.27 ± 2.81 years and 29.01 ± 3.76 years, respectively. Immunization coverage was high for hepatitis B (Hep-B) (99.3%) and oral polio vaccine (OPV) (99.3%) but lower for Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) (74.7%). Strong correlations were found among the five anthropometric measurements, indicating consistent growth patterns. Conclusions: The study highlights the demographic characteristics and immunization coverage among newborns in rural India. Despite high coverage for Hep-B and OPV, the lower uptake of the BCG vaccine indicates gaps in immunization outreach. The strong correlations among anthropometric measurements suggest consistent growth patterns, reinforcing the need for integrating such assessments into routine care to monitor and support healthy development.

A case report of adenomyosis-induced spontaneous rupture in an unscarred and unpregnant uterus.

Spontaneous uterine rupture, although rare, is a life-threatening obstetric emergency with a high maternal and fetal mortality rate. It can occur without warning, leading to severe complications, including hemorrhage, shock, and fetal demise. The risk factors contributing to uterine rupture are diverse and include a history of uterine surgery (such as cesarean section), trauma to the uterus, abnormal uterine contractions during labor, and underlying conditions like adenomyosis. Identifying and understanding these risk factors are crucial for early detection, timely intervention, and improved outcomes in affected pregnancies. Here, we report an exceptionally rare case of spontaneous uterine rupture triggered by adenomyosis in a 34-year-old unmarried and nulliparous woman with no prior scarring or pregnancy. Physical examination revealed abdominal distension, with the uterine fundus at the level of the umbilicus, exhibiting hardness, tenderness upon palpation, and rebound tenderness. Ultrasonography and computerized tomography scans suggested adenomyosis and uterine rupture. During surgery, a rupture was discovered in the left basal layer of the uterus, with a rupture diameter of approximately 3 cm. Additionally, there were multiple internal endometrial lesions in the uterorectal pouch. Adenomyosis-induced spontaneous uterine rupture. The procedures performed included excision of adenomyotic lesions, repair of the uterine rupture, and electrocoagulation of endometriotic lesions in the pelvic cavity. At the 1-month post-surgery follow-up examination, the patient showed good recovery, with no signs of complications. She was able to resume normal daily activities without difficulty. The surgical site was healing well, with no signs of infection or abnormal scarring. Ultrasound and clinical assessments confirmed the resolution of pelvic fluid accumulation, and uterine function appeared to be intact. The patient was advised to continue regular follow-up visits to monitor her recovery and ensure long-term well-being. First, uterine rupture caused by adenomyosis in a nonpregnant, scarless uterus is extremely rare but still possible. When patients with severe adenomyosis present with abdominal pain and pelvic fluid, obstetricians and gynecologists should consider the possibility of uterine rupture. Second, ultrasound examination can quickly and accurately diagnose both adenomyosis and uterine rupture.

Striking a balance: health behaviour changes in Chinese spouses of people with dementia to manage dementia risk: a qualitative study

BackgroundMultiple studies have shown that spouses of people with dementia (PwD) are two to six times more likely to develop dementia compared to the general population. Encouraging healthy behaviours and addressing modifiable risk factors could potentially prevent or delay up to 40% of dementia cases. However, little is known about how health behaviours change when a spouse assumes the role of primary caregiver. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the shared lived experience of spousal caregivers of PwD, focusing on identifying the trajectory and key events of that shape health behaviour changes after their partner’s diagnosis. These findings seek to inform strategies for adopting and sustaining healthy behaviours among spousal caregivers.MethodA qualitative descriptive study was conducted. Using maximum variation and purposive sampling, 20 spouses of PwD who exhibited two or more risk factors were recruited for semistructured interviews. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsWe found that in traditional Chinese culture health behaviour changes for spouses and people with dementia coping with the challenges of dementia occurred in two directions; (a) priming-leaping-coping: becoming a “smart” caregiver and (b) struggling-trudging-silence: the process by which the self is “swallowed.”ConclusionThis study highlights how caregiving experiences influence spouses’ health behaviors and dementia prevention, particularly in the Chinese context. The findings underscore the challenges of balancing caregiving with self-care. Culturally tailored, family-centered interventions are needed to support both caregivers and their long-term well-being.

Optimizing growth in pediatric renal transplant recipients: An update.

Growth retardation is a significant complication observed in pediatric renal transplant recipients, originating from a multifactorial etiology. Factors contributing to growth impairment encompass pre-transplant conditions such as primary kidney disease, malnutrition, quality of care, growth deficits at the time of transplantation, dialysis adequacy, and the use of recombinant human growth hormone. Additionally, elements related to the renal transplant itself, such as living donors, corticosteroid usage, and graft functioning, further compound the challenge. Although renal transplantation is the preferred renal replacement therapy, its impact on achieving final height and normal growth in children remains uncertain. The consequences of growth delay extend beyond the physiological realm, negatively influencing the quality of life and social conditions of pediatric renal transplant recipients, and ultimately affecting their educational and employment outcomes. Despite advancements in graft survival rates, growth retardation remains a formidable clinical concern among children undergoing renal transplantation. Major risk factors for delayed final adult height include young age at transplantation, pre-existing short stature, and the use of specific immunosuppressive drugs, particularly steroids. Effective management of growth retardation necessitates early intervention, commencing even before transplantation. Strategies involving the administration of recombinant growth hormone both pre- and post-transplant, along with protocols aimed at minimizing steroid usage, are important for achieving catch-up growth. This review provides a comprehensive outline of the multifaceted nature of growth retardation in pediatric renal transplant recipients, emphasizing the importance of early and targeted interventions to mitigate its impact on the long-term well-being of these children from birth to adolescence.

Exploring the Psycological Effects of Formoterol Fumarate and Budesonide Inhaler: A Case Study on Induced Depression

A patient with a longstanding history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) presented with significant weight loss, loss of appetite, fatigue, and sleep disturbance persisting for 15 days, alongside a rapid weight loss of 15 kg in 10 days. Initial evaluations revealed bilateral pleural effusion, complicating her clinical picture. Despite no prior psychiatric history, a psychiatric evaluation indicated severe sleep disturbances, reduced food intake, and pronounced fatigue, leading to a diagnosis of depression. The patient's regular treatment included an inhaler containing formoterol fumarate and budesonide for 35 years. Notably, the inhaler’s long-term use may have contributed to her depressive symptoms. Emergency treatment involved intravenous administration of normal saline with multivitamins, pantoprazole to manage potential gastrointestinal complications, and a multivitamin and multimineral syrup. Psychiatric management included sertraline, an SSRI, to ameliorate depressive symptoms and zolpidem for sleep disturbances. This multidisciplinary approach resulted in significant improvement. Upon discharge, the patient was stable and prescribed a regimen including sertraline, pantoprazole, mirtazapine, zolpidem, and multivitamins to support her long-term recovery and well-being. The case underscores the potential for inhaler-induced depression in patients with COPD and the importance of a comprehensive treatment plan. Keywords: Depression, Adverse event of inhaled drugs, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Weight loss

Stress, Anxiety, And Depression Among Dentists Three Years into The Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on healthcare workers globally, including the psychological wellbeing of dentists. To evaluate the effect of the early phase of the pandemic on the long-term psychological well-being of dentists, this study assessed dentists’ mental health outcomes at two time points, at fall 2020 (six months into the pandemic), and at winter 2023 (three years into the pandemic). Specifically measuring the prevalence of symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, and potential associated risk factors. The study surveyed dentists in Libya who responded to the study questionnaire Specifically measuring the prevalence of symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, and potential associated risk factors. The study surveyed dentists in Libya who responded the study questionnaire in fall 2020 (n = 67) and winter 2023 (n = 38). The survey included self-report measures assessing four mental health outcomes: depression, anxiety, and stress. The chi-square test was used to compare mental health outcome measures between fall and winter. The prevalence of self-reported depression, anxiety, and stress decreased between fall 2020 and winter 2023 (40% vs. 37%, p =0.27; 55% vs. 42%, p = 0.37; 97% vs. 71%, p = 0.11 respectively). These estimates were particularly higher among those with a history of psychiatric disorder. Three years into the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, poor mental health outcomes were highly prevalent among dentists. Further research is needed to assess contributing factors in this specific population. Dental syndicates should promote targeted programs and services aimed at improving dentists’ well-being.

Pengaruh Perilaku Keuangan dan Financial Management terhadap Financial Sustainability pada Generasi Z dan Millenial di Kabupaten Bungo

Financial literacy is closely linked to financial management, with increased financial literacy contributing to better personal financial management skills. Personal financial management involves the application of financial principles in individual financial management. Effective financial management, including planning and overseeing financial activities, is crucial for achieving financial stability and economic sustainability. Previous studies indicate that many individuals, particularly Generation Z and Millennials, neglect financial planning and long-term well-being. Without proper financial management, they often face financial difficulties, such as income loss and insufficient emergency funds, which can negatively impact their quality of life. This study involved 100 respondents selected using purposive sampling, with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) employed to analyze the relationships between the inner and outer models.

Principles and Practical Strategies for Psychologically-Informed Coaching of Young Players in Gaelic Games: Introducing Síceolaíochas in an Oiliúint Lúthchleasaíocht na nÓige sna Cluíchí na nGael 1 (SÍOL na nÓige)

The purpose of this article is to present proposed principles and actionable strategies for coaches to develop environments that facilitate positive sport experiences among young Gaelic games players. In doing so, we introduce six key principles, which together make up Síceolaíochas in an Oiliúint Lúthchleasaíocht na nÓige sna Cluíchí na nGael (SÍOL na nÓige). By applying principles and strategies within SÍOL na nÓige, we envisage that coaches of young Gaelic games players will be more equipped to create psychologically-informed playing environments that enhance the long-term participation, personal development, and wellbeing of players they work with.

Role of maternal milk in providing a healthy intestinal microbiome for the preterm neonate.

The immature gastrointestinal tract of preterm neonates leads to a delayed and distinctive establishment of the gut microbiome, making them susceptible to potentially pathogenic bacteria and increasing the risk of infections. Maternal milk, recognized as the optimal source of nutrition, plays a multifaceted role in modulating the gut microbiome of premature newborns. Human milk oligosaccharides, acting as prebiotics, provide essential nourishment for key bacteria such as Bifidobacterium, contributing to the proliferation of beneficial bacterial populations. Additionally, maternal milk is rich in Immunoglobulins that stimulate immune cell responses, providing protective effects on the infant's gut mucosa. Moreover, bioactive proteins such as secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA), lactoferrin, lysozyme, and mucins play a crucial role in defending against pathogens and regulating the immune system at the cellular level. These proteins contribute not only to infection prevention but also emphasize the impact of breast milk in fortifying the body's innate defenses. This multifaceted role of maternal milk, including essential nutrients, beneficial bacteria, and bioactive proteins, highlights the importance of promoting the mother's own milk feeding in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). It not only optimizes the long-term outcomes and well-being of preterm infants but also provides a holistic approach to their health and development. IMPACT: This article contributes to the current understanding of the relationship between breastfeeding and the intestinal microbiota. Fill gaps in existing literature about the subject. Provides new insights for future research.