Long-term Waste Management Research Articles

Comparison of Waste Reduction and NPK value between Black Soldier Fly and vermi

Vermicomposting and the employment of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) for waste management can be compared to learn more about two different but related methods for recycling organic waste. Both approaches are green and support long-term waste management, but they differ in their features and intended uses. Here is a summary of the comparison between using black soldier flies can take longer to break down some materials, they can process organic matter more quickly, the potential of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) and vermicomposting as organic fertilizer sources for agricultural and horticultural applications can be better understood by comparing nutritional composition of the two. Analyzing the availability, balance, and use of the vital plant nutrients nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in each of these organic products is necessary to comprehend the extent of this comparison Key Words: black soldier fly larvae, vermicomposting, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K)

Sustainable Waste Management: Innovations and Best Practices

The expanding worldwide trash challenge, caused by urbanization, rising populations, and financial growth, necessitates innovative and long-term waste management techniques. This article investigates several sophisticated techniques and standards of excellence in the management of green waste, with a focus on the use of cutting-edge technologies, community involvement, and comprehensive policy frameworks. It highlights the waste hierarchy, circular economy, and life cycle thinking as essential components to efficient waste management. Developments in technology such as modern waste-to- energy technologies, sophisticated recycling methods, and smart waste management systems are assessed for their potential contribution to sustainability. The paper also includes case studies from San Francisco, Freiburg, and Kami katsu, which demonstrate successful environmentally conscious waste practices. Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of legislative frameworks, public-private partnerships, and community involvement in achieving sustainable waste management. Regardless of constant obstacles such as affordability, technological boundaries, behavioral barriers, and regulatory inconsistencies, the article concludes that a strategic combination of innovative technologies, strong policies, and active involvement by the public is essential for addressing the worldwide waste disaster and obtaining a cleaner happier more likely and more sustainable future.

Mechanistic insights into molybdenum immobilization within geopolymer waste form

Molybdenum (Mo) tends to form highly mobile, non-sorbing complex redox species, which complicates its immobilization and encapsulation in cement and glass matrices. This study explores the potential of incorporating Mo into an alternative green cementitious material known as geopolymer (GP). By employing X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), morphological analysis, and nitrogen adsorption-desorption techniques, we obtained comprehensive insights into the chemical behavior of Mo and its impact on the morphology and structure of the GP matrix. XRD and TGA analysis demonstrated that increasing Mo content significantly enhances the crystallinity and thermal stability of the GP matrix, attributed to Mo field effects. High-resolution SEM, TEM, and EDS mapping revealed the structural encapsulation of Mo-rich cavities within the GP waste form. A decrease in leaching rates with higher Mo content, alongside reduced pore volume and pore size, underscores the material's chemical durability. Post-leaching characterizations confirmed that the GP retains excellent structural strength with minimal changes in mesoporosity and surface area. This resilience highlights the effectiveness of GPs in immobilizing non-sorbing species like MoO32−, making them ideal for long-term waste management.

Mathematical Modelling Of Municipal Solid Waste Management In Spherical Fuzzy Environment

A Spherical fuzzy model induced with teaching learning based optimization technique is developed for supporting the municipal solid waste management under fuzzy environment. Spherical fuzzy set’s ability to capture imprecise and contradictory information results in a substantial contribution to decision-making issues. Thus, we introduce SFLPP in a spherical fuzzy environ-ment in this article, which entails maximization of truthiness and minimization of indeterminacy and falsity membership functions.In present era TLBO is gaining the popularity of being less complex and only two algorithmic parameters based algorithm. This study introduced a mathematical model to include all of the major components of municipal solid waste management. To deal with uncertainty, the mathematical model of municipal solid waste management is defined using a spherical fuzzy environment.The goal of this research is to determine the current state of waste management in the Dinanagar area of Punjab, India. Finally,the mathematical model is in possession of long-term waste management in the study area, Dinanagar city in Punjab, India. The findings of comparing the suggested model to the current framework show that the new model provides better solutions in terms of sustainability.

Mitigating the barriers of industrial symbiosis for waste management: An integrated decision-making framework for the textile and clothing industry.

Waste management in the textile and clothing (TAC) industry is a challenging issue due to high resource consumption and pollution generation. Therefore, the adoption of industrial symbiosis (IS) is the need of the hour for the TAC industry. However, the adoption of IS in emerging economies like India, Brazil, Bangladesh, etc. is limited due to various impediments. The present work aims to identify and analyse these barriers and develop mitigation strategies in the context of Indian TAC industry. Eighteen IS barriers have been identified and validated; and the interrelationships among them are studied by applying the 'weighted influence non-linear gauge system (WINGS)' method, which not only estimates the intensity of influence but also takes the self-strength of barriers into account. The results show that lack of trust amongst supply chain partners, lack of financial incentives from the government, lack of guidance from regularity bodies and industry associations and lack of consumer awareness are the most significant barriers. Additionally, the strategies to mitigate these barriers are developed based on a quadruple helix framework considering academia--government-industry-society as the main actors. The findings of the study will be helpful for the TAC industry, policymakers and other concerned stakeholders in framing suitable strategies to improve the long-term waste management practices of the industry and to achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs).

Value-Added Products from Coffee Waste: A Review.

Coffee waste is often viewed as a problem, but it can be converted into value-added products if managed with clean technologies and long-term waste management strategies. Several compounds, including lipids, lignin, cellulose and hemicelluloses, tannins, antioxidants, caffeine, polyphenols, carotenoids, flavonoids, and biofuel can be extracted or produced through recycling, recovery, or energy valorization. In this review, we will discuss the potential uses of by-products generated from the waste derived from coffee production, including coffee leaves and flowers from cultivation; coffee pulps, husks, and silverskin from coffee processing; and spent coffee grounds (SCGs) from post-consumption. The full utilization of these coffee by-products can be achieved by establishing suitable infrastructure and building networks between scientists, business organizations, and policymakers, thus reducing the economic and environmental burdens of coffee processing in a sustainable manner.

Crystallization behavior of uranium glass-ceramic matrix under simulated self-irradiation conditions

The study of irradiation stability for radioactive waste matrices is essential for efficient long-term waste management. The uranium-contaminated soil was vitrified using microwave technology in the current study, and the irradiation response mechanism was examined using 0.5 MeV He2+ ions to approximately imitate self-irradiation. The results demonstrate that the glass matrices with differing uranium contents showed various irradiation response mechanisms. The stability of the matrix with lower uranium content (0 and 500 μg/g) may be slightly impacted by the ions irradiation, as one may see a crystallization behavior for the matrix with 50,000 μg/g uranium after being irradiated to He2+ ions at a fluence of 1 × 1017 ions/cm2. The crystalline phase (SiO2) was identified via phase investigations and microscopic studies. As a result of the crystallization event, the Vickers hardness of the matrix decreased from 6.88 GPa to 6.77 GPa after irradiation. Additionally, the un-irradiated matrix containing 50,000 μg/g of uranium had a uranium leaching rate of 3.2 × 10−5 g·m−2·d−1 at 28 days. The leaching rate for the irradiated matrix under the identical experimental conditions is 5.4 × 10−5 g·m−2·d−1, demonstrating that the crystallization behavior affects the chemical stability.

Is pyrolysis technology an advisable choice for municipal solid waste treatment from a low carbon perspective?

With worldwide concern about climate change, waste-to-fuel technologies have been revived in the argument over whether waste-to-energy is still the best choice. A process-oriented life cycle assessment for municipal solid waste (MSW) was performed on the basis of full-scale operational data to compare the carbon footprints of the pyrolysis technology enhanced by mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) and incineration technology. Material and carbon flow analyses reveal that MBT produces refuse-derived fuels (RDFs) of 330 kg/ton MSW for pyrolysis, in which 67% of the carbon ends up in tar and char. Based on the Chinese energy structure in 2020 and MSW composition with 13% plastics, incineration and MBT–pyrolysis provide similar net carbon savings around 200 kg CO2-eq/ton. As the MSW contains more plastic fraction and the energy system becomes greener, the carbon savings from MBT–pyrolysis are less affected compared with those from incineration. The full-scale MBT–pyrolysis was verily optimised to maximise the RDF production and yield more tar and less syngas by identifying the important parameters, resulting in 30% higher savings in carbon footprint. With the energy structure at year 2050, the carbon footprints from MBT–pyrolysis are completely superior to that from incineration, regardless of the waste composition and heat recovery. From the low carbon perspective, fuel recovery with MBT − pyrolysis deserves priority over electricity recovery with incineration. This potential difference between waste-to-fuel and waste-to-energy technologies is for the first time quantitatively identified, and thus calls for a reconsideration on the long-term waste management and technological improvements.

ASSESSING THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF PLASTIC WASTE IN LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA

Plastic waste has now become a global issue, causing widespread concern about its impact on our oceans and our well-being. Nonetheless, a global paradigm shift has brought to the attention of stakeholders the growing environmental problems of plastic waste in a linear economy. Plastic waste has exacerbated the environmental problem in several developing countries, including Nigeria. Lagos State, for example, is one of Nigeria's emerging urban states, with a dense population, rapid urbanization, and a rapid rise of the middle class over the last decade. Lagos state's growing human population, economic progress, and urbanization have exacerbated waste management and generation issues. This review paper, on the other hand, examines the environmental issues associated with plastic waste. It also identifies the parameters that will promote long-term plastic waste management in Lagos state. This paper addresses a portion of the plastic waste problem in Lagos, which can then be expanded to other Nigerian states.

РОЗВИТОК ЦИРКУЛЯРНОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ ЯК ФАКТОР ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ

Introduction. The recovery of the Ukrainian economy should be based on sustainable development within the framework of the European Green Deal. This enables to merge perfectly into the European Community and to accelerate the Ukrainian manufacturing modernization. Reducing the resource and energy intensity of the economy is critical to strengthening the country's economic security and to reducing energy dependence. The environmental imperatives actually stepped outside the confines of environmental protection, having turned in an effective tool for economic development. At the same time, it is important to substantiate the theoretical and methodological foundations for assessing the state and monitoring the strengthening of economic security in the context of combating climate change, where the transition from a linear to a circular system of production and intensity plays a significant role, which determines the relevance of scientific research. Accordingly, the purpose of the study is to explore the impact of the environmental component on ensuring economic security; substantiate the main methodological approaches to assessing the circularity of the economy, which will allow to propose measures for implementing the possibilities of a circular transition to strengthen the economic security of Ukraine. Materials and methods. Theoretical and methodological base of research consists of general scientific methods: logical analysis (to clarify the list of environmental indicators and economic security); system-structural analysis (to streamline and systematize the principles, approaches, features of the development of the circular economy); rating method and comparative analysis to determine the level of development of the circular economy of Ukraine among other countries; statistical analysis (to identify the main trends in environmental indicators of economic security: energy intensity, waste intensity and carbon intensity, etc.); grouping and classification (when studying the impact of the circular economy on economic security); method of comparison and expert assessments (to identify promising measures to promote the transition to a circular economy). Results and discussion. The introduction of the circular environmentally friendly production principles is one of the tasks for enhancing economic security. It leads to such affects: the energy dependence reduction of the economy, minimization of greenhouse gas emissions, reduction of waste landfills; reducing the extraction of exhaustive minerals, creating additional jobs in the regions and optimizing the costs of environmental protection measures (water treatment, waste processing, etc.). It is important to improve the system of indicators for assessing the development of the circular economy in Ukraine by applying the relevant indicators adopted in European practice. The key factors which justify an accelerating circular transition in Ukraine are, in particular, the strengthening of integration processes; industrial sector modernization; ensuring European standards for product quality and safety and environmental friendliness; the need to strengthen economic security and the adoption of numerous international agreements to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals, the Paris Agreement, etc. Conclusions. Transition to circular economical model in Ukraine depends on the implementation of a number of measures, the implementation of which will enhance economic security, in particular: introducing updated national waste management hierarchy in Ukraine and long-term waste management planning at the national, regional and local levels; facilitating preparations for the reuse of recyclables and energy resources; creation of cost-effective technologies for the processing of hard domestic waste with the receipt of a final product useful to society; improvement of existing logistical approaches to domestic waste management at the national and regional levels.

AN ALTERNATIVE FOR VALORIZATION OF WASTES AS ENERGY SOURCE

The efficient use of renewable energy resources is one of the most important elements of energy sustainability at the European Union level. The growing demand for energy will continue to support the use of other materials as resources of energy than conventional ones, coal, crude oil and natural gas. This paper investigates the feasibility of valorizing wastes with energetic potential in a multi-component alternative solid fuel. Biomass - vegetable waste (BW), meat and bone meal (MBM) and slag/bottom ash from lignite combustion, in combination with a low-rank, lignite, was used to prepare tri-component mixtures (MBM+Lignite +Slag and MBM+BW+Lignite) indifferent variable proportions, and further characterized to assess their potential for use as energy source. The thermal behavior of the mixtures was assessed by thermogravimetric analysis; the resulting ashes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy.Also, the environmental impact as emissions level after their combustion was considered. In terms of an effective way of removing wastes (e.g. slag/bottom ash and MBM), the most promising proposed solid mixture was the combination MBM(50%): Lignite(25%): Slag (25%), with a high energetic value, > 2700 kcal/kg, a volatile matter content > 35 %wt, and the ash in half amount compared to its initial mass. Thestudy’s findings illustrate the possibility of turning solid waste to raw material by converting them into energy, and promote the development of long-term waste management and recovery solutions.

The conceptualization of societal impacts of landfill mining – A system dynamics approach

Landfill mining (LFM) refers to the excavation and processing of formerly buried waste streams. It offers significant environmental and societal benefits through the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions or the reduction of long-term waste management costs. LFM’s profitability, however, is still in question and public investment support might be necessary to fully exploit its potential. To enable decision-makers to identify the best solutions for a landfill site, societal impacts of LFM still have to be investigated. Throughout relevant literature, societal impacts of LFM projects have only selectively been studied and it remains unclear if and which benefits justify policy interventions. This paper firstly provides a comprehensive conceptualization of the societal impact of an LFM project and dives into the underlying societal context of this emerging industry. It disentangles formerly identified burdens and benefits by applying a system dynamics approach to LFM research. Based on this approach, four causal loop diagrams are presented showing how LFM is embedded into its societal context, analyzing the composition of the net societal impact of an LFM project, the mechanisms influencing LFM’s public acceptance, and the dynamics of the market acceptance of LFM products. Key variables and leverage points have been identified, such as (i) technology choices influencing avoided impacts from the mitigations of primary resource consumption, since many societal impacts are closely related to environmental impacts, (ii) a timely and broad stakeholder involvement to prevent project opposition, and (iii) the after-use of the mined landfill, generating a major part of the local and regional societal benefits but also creating potential conflicts between stakeholder interests. Key intradimensional trade-offs and potential conflicts were identified in (i) spatial and (ii) temporal risk distribution, (iii) conflicting societal goals of the after-use such as job creations and recreation, as well as (iv) material and energy recuperation. These findings provide important insights for LFM decision-makers and can help to implement this emerging industry in a sustainable way.

Safer-than: Making Nuclear Waste Disposal More Familiar

ABSTRACT Geological disposal has been proposed as the solution for managing the most radioactive nuclear wastes. These wastes stay hazardous for periods better measured in geological rather than human time. This challenges the capacity of science to accurately predict the future evolution and safety of geological disposal facilities. Thus nuclear waste management organisations, such as the Finnish Posiva, utilise a broad range of historical and cultural evidence and discursive tactics to support their scientific argumentation for the long-term safety of geological disposal. Posiva, for instance, makes its safety case by anchoring its disposal project in broader international scientific settings and engineering practices; by giving the abstract disposal concept form and tangible through mundane objects and spaces and in so doing presenting geological disposal as an extension of the everyday; and finally by juxtaposing the underground and the aboveground to depict the underground as more predictable and knowable, essentially as ‘safer than.’ By invoking and imagining geological disposal through the familiar, Posiva negotiates the limits of scientific knowledge, and undermines the nuclearity of geological disposal to make its case for the implementability, manageability and safety of geological disposal and, crucially, to present geological disposal as the only available option for long-term nuclear waste management.

Traditional Views and Attitude Toward Waste and Rivers in Indonesia: Challenges of Cleaning Up the Indonesia Polluted Enviroment

Since water is an indispensable part of humanity, human communities settle near water sources, and one of the most popular water sources is a river. In the past millennial, around 80% of Javanese communities were located near rivers. However, traditional views, attitudes, and behavior during the development and urbanization era and lack of political will have compromised sustainable uses of rivers choked with pollution from industrial and neighborhood wastes. This paper will discuss the stories of pollution and waste management that have led to Indonesia being one of the most polluted nations by looking at traditional socio-cultural views of waste and rivers and efforts to deal with the problems of garbage. This study is mainly based on various data from previous research, NGO and government programs, and interviews with local community members and leaders. In addition to the challenges of garbage disposal and cleaning up Indonesian rivers, this study will conclude with suggestions on how to change people’s attitudes and behavior and government programs to create long-term sustainable and participative waste management efforts in Indonesia.

Municipal solid waste management in Kazakhstan: Astana and Almaty case studies

The present paper provides an overview of the Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management in Kazakhstan and focuses in more detail on two major cities, Astana, the new capital and Almaty, the former capital of the country. Legislation, current management policy, facilities and infrastructure, as well as typical solid waste quantity and composition are presented and analysed in detail in the light of the recently approved long-term waste management plan. The analysis is supported by the implementation of a Decision Support Tool (DSS), which provides insights in waste management needs and supports comparison and ranking of Integrated Waste Management (IWMP) alternatives. Finally, a certain IWMP plan is proposed, which could be used as a basis for further detailed feasibility studies.

Municipal Solid Waste Characterization as a Measure towards Sustainable Waste Management in Abuja, Nigeria

The constant generation of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is a global concern in terms of quantity and its variety. The composition of MSW is influenced by the level of income; the season of the year; population; culture and lifestyle of people living in that community. Nigeria, in particular, is currently struggling with the menace of the upsurge in the quantity MSW in her major cities, but concern only with its collection, transportation, and disposal, however neglecting the prospect of material recovery from MSW for recycling. On this note, the study aimed to characterize MSW from identified dumpsites and at household level in Abuja Municipal Area Council (AMAC) and Bwari area council, Abuja, Nigeria towards a sustainable and efficient MSW management. The methodology used in this study was carried out in both wet and dry seasons, and each season entails; the use of American Standard Test Method [1] to determine the composition of unprocessed MSW at dumpsites 3 days in a week for 4 weeks and, the segregation of MSW into colored bags representing waste category at the household level was done for 2 weeks. The use of a stratified and random sampling method was employed to administer the questionnaires for data acquisition. The results show that the level of income played a significant role in the constituents of MSW generated at district level. In conclusion, food waste/organics and plastic waste are the predominant MSW categories in AMAC, and Bwari area council, Abuja, Nigeria. The characterization of MSW is essential for a long-term effect and sustainable solid waste management plans in order to design an appropriate and efficient waste management system for the society.

The Impact of Education and Residential Environment on Long-Term Waste Management Behavior in the Context of Sustainability

Currently, the problem of waste reduction is a permanent concern for all countries of the world, given the need to ensure the sustainability development. In this context, the research aims to highlight the impact of education and demographic factors by residence areas on the long-term behavior of the amount of waste generated in 29 European countries during 2013–2017. The study is based on statistical and econometric modeling aimed at identifying, testing and analyzing the existence of long-term correlation between the amount of waste per capita recorded in each country and four factors of influence considered significant for waste reduction: Pupils and students by education level and Classroom teachers and academic staff by education level, representing exogenous variables which quantify the educational outcomes, as well as The population by degree of urbanization (cities, rural areas), as demographic factors. As a result of an analysis based on correlation and regression method, a cointegration relationship between the analyzed variables was identified. Considering the amount of waste as an important component of the environmental pressure, the obtained results show the significant long-term effect that education and the demographic factor can have on its long-lasting behavior, as well as the ways through which these factors can act to strengthen sustainability.

Participatory planning of the future of waste management in small island developing states to deliver on the Sustainable Development Goals

Waste management is particularly challenging for Small Island Developing States (SIDS) due to their high per-capita infrastructure costs, remoteness, narrow resource bases and high dependence on tourism. The lack of integrated planning frameworks considering these SIDS-characteristics has stalled progress on sustainable waste management. To address this challenge, this paper proposes an integrated methodology for long-term waste management planning to deliver on the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in SIDS. This explicitly combines multi-level participatory SDG visioning and back-casting with waste infrastructure modelling. This methodological development is piloted using a national-scale demonstration on Curacao. Three island-specific waste management portfolios (Inaction, Circular Economy, Technology-led), developed through stakeholder back-casting, are modelled for SDG delivery using a national accounting model under different socio-economic futures. The results highlight the importance of waste prevention and material re-use strategies within islands that engage local populations. Evidence-based identification and evaluation of waste management strategies, grounded in participatory processes, can itself contribute to SDG delivery.

Study of Long-term Waste Management Scenarios in Small and Medium-sized Municipalities - A Case Study for Furano Living Area -

人口減少を考慮した中長期的な視点から，廃棄物エネルギーの利活用を想定した地域循環共生圏や新たな価値を生む廃棄物管理システムが求められている．本研究では，既に広域分担処理をしている富良野生活圏を対象に，中長期的視点から廃棄物管理シナリオを検討した．結果として，可燃ごみについては，熱需要のある場合は，RDF化を選択することが，コスト，エネルギー回収，GHG排出量削減の面では効果的であるが，熱需要が見込めない場合は，運搬距離の増大を考慮しても発電施設のある焼却施設への委託が効果的であることがわかった．生ごみについては，メタン発酵施設導入によりコストは増大するが，エネルギー，GHGの面では効果的であることがわかった．

Inexact rough-interval type-2 fuzzy stochastic optimization model supporting municipal solid waste management under uncertainty

ABSTRACTIn this study, an inexact rough-interval type-2 fuzzy stochastic linear programming (IRIT2FSLP) approach is developed for addressing uncertainties presented as rough-interval, type-2 fuzzy and random variables. The proposed method is applied to the case of a long-term municipal solid waste management system. The IRIT2FSLP approach is an extension of the inexact interval linear programming for handling nonlinear stochastic optimization problems where rough-interval and type-2 fuzzy parameters are integrated into a general framework. The results indicate that IRIT2FSLP normally leads to rough-interval solutions. Comparisons of the proposed model with scenarios without rough-interval and type-2 fuzzy parameters are also conducted. The results indicate the significant impact of dual-uncertain information on the system, which implies the reliability of IRIT2FSLP in handling waste flow allocation.