Long-term Viability Research Articles

Photocatalytic Removal of Emerging Contaminants from Water using Metal Oxide-based Nanoparticles

Abstract: Water contamination resulting from industrial and anthropogenic activities is a major problem in many countries throughout the world. Effective water treatment technologies are necessary to address this issue. Emerging pollutants (EPs) are reaching the aquatic environments from point and diffuse sources constantly. These are the substances that are not regularly monitored, yet have the potential to infiltrate the environment and harm the ecosystem and human health. Because of their ecological and sustainable properties, interest in improved photocatalytic technologies based on metal oxide-based nanomaterials has grown tremendously over the years to address this water contamination. Pollutant degradation, water splitting, carbon dioxide reduction, nitrogen reduction, and microbial inactivation are just a few of the applications of photocatalysis. However, to maintain its environmentally favourable status, new solutions must be found to assure long-term viability. Here we review, emerging organic pollutants, conventional water treatment, advanced oxidation methods, photocatalytic mechanisms, photocatalyst support materials, synthesis, and characterization of metal oxides and metal oxide nanoparticles in the removal of emerging contaminants. The purpose of this review is to reach a broader readership by giving a simple comprehension of the fundamentals and advances of metal-oxide-driven photocatalysis for environmental clean-up.

Risk Management for the Petrodiesel-Biodiesel Fuel Blend Supply Chain in Indonesia

This research addresses the management of risks within inter-business unit networks, focusing on two key levels of risk mitigation: strategic and operational. Prior research primarily explored risk management within specific fuel industry units supplied by a single source. This study represents a novel approach, delving into dual-source fuel strategies and engaging various supply chain stakeholders to identify and mitigate operational risks accordingly. The research findings demonstrate that stakeholders can reduce risks through integrated planning and collaboration among business units, with government support further reducing inter-unit risks. This study’s main contribution is establishing a basis for future research in eco-friendly fuel supply chains, specifically examining the long-term viability of blending petrofuel with biofuel. This extends risk analysis to supply chain networks involving multiple business units. Moreover, this research emphasizes the significance of case studies covering end-to-end product flows in fuel blend supply, encompassing various supply chain functions. Additionally, it investigates stakeholder perceptions of operational risks associated with different business unit types, addressing potential domino effects. It highlights the importance of information technology in risk reduction through collaborative information exchange within the supply chain.

Can genetic rescue help save Arabia's last big cat?

Genetic diversity underpins evolutionary potential that is essential for the long-term viability of wildlife populations. Captive populations harbor genetic diversity potentially lost in the wild, which could be valuable for release programs and genetic rescue. The Critically Endangered Arabian leopard (Panthera pardus nimr) has disappeared from most of its former range across the Arabian Peninsula, with fewer than 120 individuals left in the wild, and an additional 64 leopards in captivity. We (i) examine genetic diversity in the wild and captive populations to identify global patterns of genetic diversity and structure; (ii) estimate the size of the remaining leopard population across the Dhofar mountains of Oman using spatially explicit capture-recapture models on DNA and camera trap data, and (iii) explore the impact of genetic rescue using three complementary computer modeling approaches. We estimated a population size of 51 (95% CI 32-79) in the Dhofar mountains and found that 8 out of 25 microsatellite alleles present in eight loci in captive leopards were undetected in the wild. This includes two alleles present only in captive founders known to have been wild-sourced from Yemen, which suggests that this captive population represents an important source for genetic rescue. We then assessed the benefits of reintroducing novel genetic diversity into the wild population as well as the risks of elevating the genetic load through the release of captive-bred individuals. Simulations indicate that genetic rescue can improve the long-term viability of the wild population by reducing its genetic load and realized load. The model also suggests that the genetic load has been partly purged in the captive population, potentially making it a valuable source population for genetic rescue. However, the greater loss of its genetic diversity could exacerbate genomic erosion of the wild population during a rescue program, and these risks and benefits should be carefully evaluated. An important next step in the recovery of the Arabian leopard is to empirically validate these conclusions, implement and monitor a genomics-informed management plan, and optimize a strategy for genetic rescue as a tool to recover Arabia's last big cat.

ENHANCING DIGITAL MARKETING STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE GROWTH: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS

In an era marked by rapid technological advancements and shifting consumer behaviors, the realm of marketing has undergone a profound transformation. Digital marketing, in particular, has emerged as a cornerstone of contemporary business strategies, offering unprecedented opportunities for brands to engage with their audiences in a dynamic and personalized manner. In the context of India, a burgeoning economy with a burgeoning digital landscape, the significance of leveraging digital marketing for sustainable growth cannot be overstated. The advent of digital technologies has revolutionized the way businesses interact with consumers, enabling targeted communication, real-time feedback, and unparalleled reach. From social media platforms to search engine optimization, digital channels have provided businesses with a diverse array of tools to connect with their target demographics, regardless of geographical boundaries. In India, where internet penetration is steadily increasing, particularly among the younger demographic, the potential for digital marketing to drive growth and foster sustainability is immense. However, amid the myriad opportunities presented by digital marketing, there exist multifaceted challenges and complexities that demand careful consideration. As businesses navigate the intricacies of the digital landscape, they must grapple with issues such as data privacy, information overload, and the need for authenticity in a cluttered online environment. Moreover, the pursuit of sustainable growth adds another layer of complexity, requiring businesses to balance economic objectives with environmental and social responsibilities. Against this backdrop, this study endeavors to undertake a comprehensive analysis of digital marketing strategies in India, with a specific focus on enhancing sustainability. By synthesizing existing literature, conducting empirical research, and examining industry best practices, this research aims to shed light on the evolving dynamics of digital marketing in the Indian context and identify strategies for driving sustainable growth in this domain. At the heart of this inquiry lies the recognition that sustainable growth is not merely a desirable outcome but a strategic imperative for businesses operating in the digital age. As societal expectations evolve and environmental concerns come to the forefront, businesses are increasingly being called upon to adopt practices that prioritize long-term viability over short-term gains. In the realm of digital marketing, this imperative manifests in various forms, including the adoption of eco-friendly technologies, the promotion of ethical consumerism, and the cultivation of authentic brand narratives.

Life cycle assessment and techno-economic analysis of nanotechnology-based wastewater treatment: Status, challenges and future prospectives

BackgroundWater pollution is a pressing concern stemming from both natural and anthropogenic activities. The challenges associated with water treatment technologies are adsorption (fouling and corrosion of the adsorbent), flocculation (increased sludge generation and high operation cost), ion exchange (high cost and improper ion removal), chemical precipitation (sludge generation), and membrane technologies (membrane fouling and storage). These technologies have been overstretched and struggle to meet increasingly stringent water quality standards. More recent progress has been made in using nanotechnology for wastewater treatment. Nano-technology offers several advantages over traditional technologies. Many nano-based technologies support reuse, require less space, produce fewer toxic intermediates, and are adaptable to support the emerging concept of decentralized water treatment. An essential aspect of this review is a detailed techno-economic analysis, assessing the long-term viability of nanotechnology-based wastewater treatment methods from an economic standpoint. MethodsThis review outlines the current state of nanotechnology in wastewater treatment, addressing environmental and economic aspects, challenges, and future potential. Significant findingsUnderstanding the sustainability and feasibility of these innovative technologies is crucial for their successful integration into wastewater treatment practices, ensuring a more effective and environmentally friendly approach to water remediation.

Optimizing retail prosperity: Strategic working capital management and its impact on the global economy

This study explores the critical role of the retail sector in the global economy and the importance of working capital management within retail businesses. Recognizing retail’s influence beyond just income generation, the research examines its impact on economic stability, job creation, and national GDP, and how it links industries such as manufacturing and logistics. Employing a blended-methods approach, the study integrates quantitative analysis using AMOS software with qualitative insights from interviews with financial managers and retail experts. Key focus areas include cash flow management, market demand, and supplier relationship management in the context of working capital management. Findings highlight the necessity of effective working capital management in maintaining financial stability, optimizing shareholder wealth, and ensuring long-term business viability in the retail sector. Strategies for enhancing profitability, such as improving supplier relationships and adapting to market demands, are identified. This research contributes to understanding the economic impact of the retail sector and the intricacies of working capital management. It offers insights for policymakers, retail managers, and academics, emphasizing the need for supportive retail industry measures and effective financial management practices. The study fills a gap in literature and sets a foundation for future research in this critical area of economic studies and retail management.

Innovation-Based Strategic Roadmap for Economic Sustainability and Diversity in Hydrocarbon-Driven Economies: The Qatar Perspective

This research addresses the critical opportunities and challenges confronting economic sustainability for hydrocarbon-based economies. The primary objective is to advocate for a transformative shift towards diversified and knowledge-centric economic models to ensure long-term sustainability. The literature review exposes vulnerabilities in hydrocarbon-based economies. The study innovatively explores multifaceted dimensions of economic diversification, including governance issues, societal well-being, and the necessity for robust ecosystem frameworks. Utilizing a qualitative case study methodology, the research investigates Qatar’s initiatives, such as the Qatar National Vision 2030 and government programs, aiming to reduce dependence on hydrocarbons and foster innovation. Insightful semi-structured interviews provide nuanced perspectives on innovation in the hydrocarbon context with business and academic professionals. The primary data collection method involved the following distinct groups: five business professionals and eleven academic experts, representing eight outstanding local and external organizations. Key findings underscore a holistic view of innovation, associating it with practical solutions, adaptability, and transformative potential, showcasing diverse approaches ranging from business-centric to collaborative and user-centric methods. Identified challenges in the education system, the urgency for a matured innovation ecosystem, and opportunities in sustainable energy further enrich the study. Moreover, this research examines the challenges and mitigation strategies associated with economic diversification in hydrocarbon-driven economies, focusing on Qatar. The research recommends sustained efforts in economic diversification, educational reform, and technological integration for hydrocarbon-based economies. Policymakers, businesses, and academics can leverage these insights to navigate the complexities of resource dependency and ensure long-term viability. The commitment to addressing challenges faced by hydrocarbon-dependent nations remains crucial, with a dedication to fostering economic diversity, innovation, and educational excellence for a resilient and prosperous future.

Sustainability Strategies of Traditional Vannamei Shrimp Cultivation in East Java: A Case Study in Kudu Hamlet, Lamongan District

The research investigates small-scale farming practices, particularly vannamei shrimp cultivation, in Kudu Hamlet, focusing on how traditional farmers have adopted technology over two decades. Conducted over two years, the study sampled 17 farmers out of 38, analyzing various variables such as age, education, and economic factors. Farmers, predominantly older, have engaged in shrimp farming for nearly two decades, despite fluctuating incomes. Education levels vary, impacting farmers' understanding of new technologies and market trends. Most farmers own their pond land, managing it carefully for shrimp cultivation. Polyculture systems, combining vannamei shrimp with other species, enhance productivity but face challenges like disease outbreaks and market price fluctuations. The choice of feed, predominantly artificial, significantly affects shrimp yields. Farmers also engage in side jobs to supplement income. Overall, enhancing farmers' capacity through education and sustainable practices is crucial for the long-term viability of shrimp farming.

Factors Influencing the Use of Account Information Systems and its Impact on Small and Medium Enterprises Performance: Systematic Literature Review

The viability of Small and Medium Enterprises is heavily reliant on effectively managed firm finance management. Utilizing technology and information through an Accounting Information System is beneficial for businesses as it aids in the management of financial transactions, financial reporting, and financial decision-making. This article employs the Systematic Literature Review research methodology, utilizing several papers indexed by Scopus from 2015 to 2024. Researchers investigate the characteristics that facilitate the adoption of Accounting Information Systems in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) and their influence on corporate performance to ensure the long-term viability of SMEs in the face of business challenges and advancements. An Accounting Information System is crucial for assessing the progress of SME businesses and obtaining assistance from internal and external stakeholders. This is particularly important given the significant influence that Small and Medium Enterprises have on the national economy

Application of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Robotic Systems for Nuclear Micro Reactor Development and Manufacturing

Artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms and methods are the forthcoming instances in developing advanced nuclear reactor technology, mainly micro-nuclear reactor development.

MATHEMATICAL PROGRAMMING FOR AN OPTIMISED FISH FEED FORMULATION: TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE RED HYBRID TILAPIA FARMING

Common issues raised in the fish industry are the highly-priced feed production and the sustainability of its ingredients. These issues have also directly impacted the majority of local farmers. Aiming for long-term viability, controlling the feed price is therefore crucial. The selection of ingredients plays an important role in optimising the price of feed. This research, therefore, aims to introduce potential fish feed that optimises the production cost while maintaining the nutrient consumption of the intended species. The feed is formulated using a mathematical model that considers all essential requirements. In this research, the feed formulation was mainly focused on the red hybrid tilapia. Least-cost feed formulations were set out for two main life-cycle stages, juvenile and adult stages, specifying levels of three critical limits: Nutrient requirements of the fish (protein, lipid, carbohydrate, and fibre), cost and nutrient composition of nine commonly used ingredients. AIMMS mathematical software was used to assist the computation to optimality, reducing the cost significantly while providing complete and sufficient nutrients for the fish. From analysing previous research to obtaining advice from experts and demands from industry, 10 different mathematical models were constructed as options to produce potential fish feeds at minimal costs. These models produce feeds that cost less than the commercial pellets available up to 38%. The feed formulation promises cheaper feed and could benefit the industry, indirectly supporting the small-scale local farmers. A thorough discussion of the use of the mathematical model in relation to producing an optimised feed formulation and some managerial insights are included in this research with elaborations on utilising the results to future research opportunities.

Spatial patterns transformation due to deforestation in the Paraguayan Pantanal Ecoregion from 1987 to 2020

Understanding the effects of land use on landscape configuration as a proxy for ecological connectivity is necessary to envision territorial management and planning and promote natural resource conservation. This study aimed to identify the landscape configurations that resulted from land-cover change processes within the Paraguayan Pantanal Ecoregion (PPE), one of the largest and most biodiverse wetlands, in 1987, 2004, and 2020, with a special emphasis on forest and aquatic vegetation spatial patterns. Forest fragmentation between 1987 and 2020 was determined using landscape ecology metrics. In 1987, natural vegetation was highly connected, with two main forest patches of 12 887 and 15 910 km2. However, in 2004 and 2020, several categories of forest patches were identified, with the largest measuring 9197 and 2461 km2, respectively. Although forest and aquatic vegetation remnants remained viable in 2020, appropriate measures to reduce forest loss should be adopted to ensure the long-term viability of PPE biodiversity.

Impact of Heat Stress on Broiler Chicken Production

Poultry farmers need to consider making adaptations now to help reduce cost, risk, and concern in the future; the industry’s high and unstable input costs, which result in losses, need to incentivize manufacturers to concentrate on efficient management, welfare, and health improvements, thereby creating premium and value-added products. Heat stress, a significant concern, particularly affects broiler chicken, which is vital for global meat supply in the dynamic field of poultry farming. Despite advances in breeding and management, these pressures have a negative influence on avian development, well-being, and overall health, threatening the poultry industry’s long-term viability. This study investigates the physiological reactions and production consequences of various heat conditions in the chicken business. It thoroughly investigates the complicated implications of heat stress, which has a negative impact on broiler performance and causes economic losses. This article investigates various dietary techniques, such as antioxidants, probiotics, amino acid balance, and vitamin supplementation, with the goal of improving chicken thermotolerance as part of a comprehensive stress reduction strategy. This assessment emphasizes the industry’s continuous commitment to sustainable practices by highlighting the need for more research to enhance methodology, investigate creative tactics, and address regional variances in heat stress.

A Study on Evolution of Adani Group of Industries- It's Resilience in Indian Industries

This study explores the evolution and resilience of the Adani Group within the Indian industrial landscape. Through an analysis of financial performance and market dynamics, the study examines the group's trajectory, challenges, and strategies for sustaining growth. Notably, the Adani Group has demonstrated robust growth and profitability, marked by revenue increases and enhanced asset utilization. However, concerns arise regarding the sustainability of this growth, given the escalating reliance on debt financing, as indicated by the rising debt-to-equity ratio. To mitigate risks and ensure long-term viability, the group must strike a balance between pursuing growth opportunities and maintaining financial stability. Strategies such as cost reduction, operational optimization, revenue diversification, and debt restructuring are vital for achieving this balance. The Adani Group stands at a critical juncture, facing challenges amidst strong growth. The company's stock performance reflects a mixed picture, with some stocks struggling to recover while others experience remarkable rebounds. Although most stock prices have not fully recovered from the impact of the Hindenburg report, there is observable growth post-implementation of strategic initiatives. The varying trajectories of Adani Group's stocks underscore the complex interplay of market dynamics and investor sentiment. Moving forward, it is imperative for the group to continue implementing effective strategies to nullify the effects of the Hindenburg report and ensure sustained growth while mitigating financial risks.

Propelling Sustainability: A Comprehensive Analysis of Actionable Green Aviation Initiatives In The Aerospace Industry

ABSTRACT The aerospace industry is increasingly recognizing the imperative of transitioning towards sustainable practices to mitigate environmental impact and ensure long-term viability. This study offers a comprehensive analysis of green aviation initiatives within the Indian aerospace industry, focusing on current state assessment, key challenges, policy effectiveness, stakeholder perspectives, adoption of sustainable technologies, economic implications, environmental impact assessment, policy gap analysis, and recommendations for advancement. Data was collected from 103 industry stakeholders through surveys and analyzed using descriptive statistics and correlation analysis. Findings reveal a significant level of engagement in green aviation initiatives, with high adoption rates observed across various technologies and practices such as biofuels, energy-efficient aircraft design, and environmental programs. However, regulatory constraints, technological limitations, and cultural barriers emerge as prominent challenges hindering widespread adoption. Policy effectiveness varies among stakeholders, indicating the need for continuous evaluation and refinement. Key recommendations include enhancing policy coherence, fostering industry collaboration, investing in research and development, and promoting public awareness. Correlation analysis highlights positive relationships between the adoption of sustainable technologies and environmental impact, policy effectiveness and industry perception, economic implications and stakeholder engagement, environmental impact and policy compliance, adoption of sustainable practices and operational efficiency, and policy gap analysis and recommendations.

Control techniques for microgrids networks with energy storage systems: An overview

Microgrids (MG) are localized, self-sufficient energy networks which utilize distributed energy sources to improve dependability, resiliency and long-term viability in decentralized energy production. Network Energy Storage Systems (ESS) have been recognized as critical facilitators within the transitioning from the conventional centralized power system into a sophisticated, self-sustaining, as well as decentralized systems based on renewable energies. Controlling distributed energy storage entails coordinating the administration of several lesser energy storages, which are generally integrated in MGAs consequence, there have been an increase in fascination with regulating elements of sharing power balance and sustainable development, boosting the system's resilience including dependability, along with maintaining a distribution State of charge (SoC). The present research provides a detailed overview of decentralized, centralized, multiagent, and intelligent controlling techniques for managing and regulating distributed energy storages. It also illustrates a possible range of functions which the storages might supply, as well as the controlling challenges and recommended solutions. This research major purpose is to represent current breakthroughs in digitalization by focusing on controlling techniques that depend on multiagent communications.

Genetic variation of English yew (Taxus baccata L.) in the Bavarian Forest National Park, Germany

AbstractTaxus baccata L. is a highly valuable species with wide distribution but scattered and locally rare occurrence. Human intervention, including forest management practices and fragmentation, can significantly impact the species’ genetic diversity, structure, and dynamics. In this study, we investigated these factors within T. baccata populations in the Bavarian Forest National Park (NP) in Germany and their implications for conservation. We used 13 EST-SSRs to assess the genetic diversity and structure of the population. Our analysis revealed a scarcity of small-diameter trees, indicating limited natural regeneration over time. However, conservation efforts, like selectively removing competitor species and using protective fencing, have improved growth conditions and promoted seedling emergence. The NP’s natural zone has no active management, which is confined to the development and management zones. Genetic diversity assessments revealed high genetic diversity (He: 0.612 and 0.614 for seedlings and adults, respectively) compared to other studies in Taxus baccata, dispelling concerns of significant inbreeding and showcasing a stable genetic structure. However, significant spatial clustering of related individuals (family structures) in both cohorts and low effective population size in the progeny hints at restricted gene flow, necessitating conservation efforts prioritizing safeguarding and promoting natural regeneration in development and management zones. Limited natural regeneration and the recent decrease in effective population size in the NP populations indicate habitat fragmentation and human interventions. Effective population size estimates emphasize the need for diverse conservation strategies. Conservation efforts should prioritize protecting natural regeneration and enhancing gene flow by actively promoting European yew, e.g., by shelterwood cutting, to ensure the long-term viability of T. baccata in the region outside the NP.

Pressure and Its Impact on Job Satisfaction and Organizational Performance

This paper explores the complex idea of work pressure among Chinese hospital administrators and how it affects job happiness and overall effectiveness of the organization. Hospital directors confront a wide range of intricate issues within the framework of China's distinct healthcare system because of their twin responsibilities as administrative and medical leaders. The dimensions of role pressure are examined in this study, which include role gap, role overload, where the workload is excessive, role ambiguity, and the role of conflict. Understanding these aspects is essential to appreciating the effectiveness and well-being of hospital administration. Given that job happiness is a major factor in both employee performance and retention, these pressures have a significant effect on job satisfaction. The study also looks at the wider effects of pressure on organizational performance, which is crucial for the long-term viability and efficiency of healthcare facilities. Through an examination of these facets, the paper illuminates the noteworthy, albeit frequently disregarded, psychological and operational obstacles encountered by hospital administrators in China. This, in turn, offers valuable perspectives on the possibility of policy and administrative changes targeted at augmenting job contentment and organizational results

Cell-adhesive double network self-healing hydrogel capable of cell and drug encapsulation: New platform to construct biomimetic environment with bottom-up approach

This study presents the development and characterization of a novel double-network self-healing hydrogel based on N-carboxyethyl chitosan (CEC) and oxidized dextran (OD) with the incorporation of crosslinked collagen (CEC-OD/COL-GP) to enhance its biological and physicochemical properties. The hydrogel formed via dynamic imine bond formation exhibited efficient self-healing within 30 min, and a compressive modulus recovery of 92 % within 2 h. In addition to its self-healing ability, CEC-OD/COL-GP possesses unique physicochemical characteristics including transparency, injectability, and adhesiveness to various substrates and tissues. Cell encapsulation studies confirmed the biocompatibility and suitability of the hydrogel as a cell-culture scaffold, with the presence of a collagen network that enhances cell adhesion, spreading, long-term cell viability, and proliferation. Leveraging their unique properties, we engineered assemblies of self-healing hydrogel modules for controlled spatiotemporal drug delivery and constructed co-culture models that simulate angiogenesis in tumor microenvironments. Overall, the CEC-OD/COL-GP hydrogel is a versatile and promising material for biomedical applications, offering a bottom-up approach for constructing complex structures with self-healing capabilities, controlled drug release, and support for diverse cell types in 3D environments. This hydrogel platform has considerable potential for advancements in tissue engineering and therapeutic interventions.

Vanishing giants: An assessment on the population status of giant clams across Malaysia

The iconic giant clams are known for its multifaceted importance throughout the Indo-Pacific –for functional, ecological, or cultural purposes. In Malaysia, habitat destruction and illegal poaching were main reasons behind the declining populations of giant clams. As previous surveys date back to 1990 s, an update on the status of giant clam populations in Malaysia is overdue. Using the extensive monitoring data from Reef Check Malaysia, we analysed and provided an assessment of population trends of giant clams between 2007 and 2021 in Malaysia. This study showed a decline in giant clam population in the east coast Peninsula and Sabah, while their abundances have always been low in the west coast Peninsula and Sarawak. In the east coast Peninsula, Tridacna maxima and T. crocea were most common (2.7 ± 7.3 and 1.4 ± 7.6 clams per 100 m2, respectively), followed by T. squamosa (0.7 ± 1.4 clams per 100 m2), and Hippopus hippopus (0.3 ± 2.5 clams per 100 m2). The boring species, T. maxima and T. crocea, typically displayed highly aggregated populations, reaching densities of 41.5 and 70 clams per 100 m2, where a reciprocal abundance shift between both species was observed between northern and southern sites of east coast Peninsula. The demography of T. maxima and T. crocea is either positively skewed or normally distributed, indicating abundant recruits that correspond to their higher densities. In contrast, T. squamosa showed a negative skew, suggesting poor recruitment rates. Findings here underscore the need to tailor conservation strategies for respective giant clam species in Malaysia. Proposed initiatives include establishing conservation zones in key areas like Perhentian, Lang Tengah, Redang, and Tioman Islands, which have significant T. maxima and T. crocea recruit populations. Also, targeted restocking efforts are necessary for T. squamosa and H. hippopus to ensure long-term viability of populations.