Long-term Value Research Articles

Corporate governance and stakeholder engagement in Nigerian enterprises: A review of current practices and future directions

This paper provides an in-depth analysis of corporate governance and stakeholder engagement practices within Nigerian enterprises, highlighting current trends and proposing future directions for improvement. In Nigeria, as in many emerging economies, effective corporate governance and stakeholder engagement are critical for sustainable business success, investor confidence, and overall economic development. The review begins by outlining the regulatory framework governing corporate governance in Nigeria, emphasizing the role of legislation, regulatory bodies, and corporate governance codes in shaping organizational practices. It identifies key stakeholders, including shareholders, employees, customers, communities, and government entities, and underscores the importance of engaging with each group to ensure transparency, accountability, and ethical conduct. The paper evaluates current corporate governance practices in Nigerian enterprises, emphasizing strengths such as board composition, financial reporting, and compliance mechanisms, while also addressing weaknesses such as board independence, executive compensation, and risk management frameworks. It explores the impact of cultural, social, and economic factors on governance dynamics, acknowledging the need for context-specific approaches tailored to Nigeria's unique business environment. Investing in stakeholder engagement initiatives that prioritize dialogue, collaboration and shared value creation, aligning business objectives with societal needs and expectations. Incorporating technology-driven solutions to facilitate real-time communication and feedback loops with stakeholders, leveraging digital platforms for transparent and responsive engagement. Overall, this paper underscores the importance of effective corporate governance and stakeholder engagement in driving long-term value creation and sustainable development in Nigerian enterprises. By embracing best practices and embracing stakeholder-centric approaches, organizations can foster trust, resilience, and prosperity in an increasingly complex and interconnected global landscape.

A Review of the Cost-Effectiveness Evidence for FDA-Approved Cell and Gene Therapies.

Cell and gene therapy (CGT) innovations have provided several significant breakthroughs in recent years. However, CGTs often come with a high upfront cost, raising questions about patient access, affordability, and long-term value. This study reviewed cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) studies that have attempted to assess the long-term value of Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved CGTs. Two reviewers independently searched the Tufts Medical Center CEA Registry to identify all studies for FDA-approved CGTs, per January 2023. A data extraction template was used to summarize the evidence in terms of the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio expressed as the cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) and essential modeling assumptions, combined with a template to extract the adherence to the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) checklist. The review identified 26 CEA studies for seven CGTs. Around half of the base-case cost-effectiveness results indicated that the cost per QALY was below $100,000-$150,000, often used as a threshold for reasonable cost-effectiveness in the United States. However, the results varied substantially across studies for the same treatment, ranging from being considered very cost-effective to far from cost-effective. Most models were based on data from single-arm trials with relatively short follow-ups, and different long-term extrapolations between studies caused large differences in the modeled cost-effectiveness results. In sum, this review showed that, despite the high upfront costs, many CGTs have cost-effectiveness evidence that can support long-term value. Nonetheless, substantial uncertainty regarding long-term value exists because so much of the modeling results are driven by uncertain extrapolations beyond the clinical trial data.

Sustainability Accounting: Nilai Perusahaan Dan Carbon Emission Disclosure

The aim of this research is to test the correlation between carbon emission disclosure and firm value. Employing multiple linear regression analysis on energy sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2018 to 2021, this study utilized a sample of 51 energy sector companies selected through purposive sampling methods. The findings of this research demonstrate strong evidence of a negative correlation between carbon emission disclosure and firm value. The research results also indicate that size and leverage significantly influence firm value, while profitability does not affect firm value. This study highlights the significance of carbon emission disclosure on firm value. The implications of these findings emphasize the importance of encouraging companies to be more proactive in disclosing and managing carbon emissions as a strategy to gain investor trust and support and maintain long-term value.

Cliff recession geodynamics variability and constraints within poorly consolidated landslide-prone coasts in the southern Baltic Sea, Poland

Abstract This study identifies the reasons for geodynamics variability of the coastal system within two cliff-shore sections of the southern Baltic Sea (SBS). The comparative analysis included distinct moraines and their foregrounds near the open sea (S1) and within the Gulf of Gdańsk (S2). Short-term trends indicate a direct link between landslide occurrence and increased cliff retreat. Long-term (total) values were obtained by developing the 4F MODEL for large-scale applications, based on the analysis of remote sensing and hydroacoustic data (to determine the extent of shore platforms), the modelling of higher-order polynomial functions describing their extent, followed by the integral calculus of the indicated functions within the open-source Desmos environment. The retreat dynamics for individual landslides (S1) was an order of magnitude higher (m/yr) than the average for the whole cliff section (0.17 ± 0.008 m/yr), which correlates well with medium- and long-term development tendencies and recession dynamics, revealed by the numerical modelling method, since approximately 8 ka b2k, years before 2000 CE (at S1 = 0.17 ± 0.020 m/yr, at S2 = 0.11 ± 0.005 m/yr). While the approach described in this paper can reveal, project, and simulate the dynamics of past and future trends within other cliffed coasts shaped in tideless conditions, it also proves stable moraine erosional responses to sea-level rise since the Mid-Holocene.

Influence of Green Marketing on the Revenues and Firm Value of Companies in Asia

Green marketing is a marketing and product development method from a company oriented towards environmental sustainability. This research further aims to discover if green marketing can influence the increase in revenue and firm value of companies in Asia through the ROA ROE and PER indicators. In its analysis, this research uses a research methodology in the form of quantitative research with a research sample of 30 companies in Asia that implement green marketing with indicators (Green product, green promotion, green price and green place) and then tested using SPSS. The results of this research are 1. Green marketing turns out to have no correlation with increasing company revenue in Asia 2. Green marketing has an influence on firm value. The implications of this research encourage companies in Asia to focus more on green marketing strategies as a way to increase their long-term value, which may be more important than shortterm revenue growth for increasing a company's stability and future growth.

Economic policy uncertainty and managerial short-termism

Economic policy uncertainty (EPU) has been on the rise worldwide in recent decades and affects macroeconomic and firm performance severely. This exacerbates short-termism among managers, who are more likely to pursue immediate benefits during times of uncertainty. It is therefore important for policymakers, managers, and investors to understand the effects of EPU. This study examines the relationship between EPU and managerial short-termism using data from 2002 to 2020. Using managers' abnormal discretionary spending cuts as a proxy for managerial short-termism, we find that these spending cuts increase during periods of high EPU and are more pronounced in EPU-sensitive firms. In addition, we show that managers are more likely to meet or slightly beat their earnings targets when EPU is high, suggesting that EPU causes managers' myopic behavior. This study shows how managers react to EPU. Because managerial short-termism undermines companies' long-term value, investors and regulators must pay close attention to the recent increase in EPU globally.

Marketing executives and corporate performance: From the perspective of marketing digitalization

This paper examines the impact of marketing executives on firm performance using the sample of China listed firms. The empirical study shows that marketing executives have a significant positive effect on firm performance, and explains the mechanism of the effect from the perspective of digital marketing and marketing performance. It is further found that the marketing executives has a more significant effect on corporate performance in firms with higher executive power, executive experience, and non-state. Finally, based on the “myopic marketing theory”, this paper investigates the long-term impact of executives’ marketing backgrounds and finds that marketing executives do not have a significant impact on the long-term value and innovation level of the company.

Evaluation of Naples prognostic score to predict long-term mortality in patients with pulmonary embolism.

Background: The Naples prognostic score (NPS), which reflects the inflammatory and nutritional status of patients, is often used to determine prognosis in cancer patients. The aim of this study was to determine the long-term prognostic value of the NPS in acute pulmonary embolism (APE) patients. Methods: Two hundred thirty-nine patients diagnosed with APE were divided into two groups according to their NPS, and long-term mortality was compared. Results: The long-term mortality was observed in 38 patients out of 293 patients in the mean follow-up of 24months. Multivariate analysis showed that NPS as a categorical parameter and NPS as a numeric parameter were independent predictors of long-term mortality. Conclusion: This study highlights that NPS may have the potential to predict long-term mortality in APE patients.

Shareholding Land Readjustment Led by Local Government During Peri-Urbanization: The Case of Zhaoqing, China

This paper focuses on a new model of land readjustment integrated with shareholding in Zhaoqing, China. It determines whether this innovation reduces transaction costs throughout the land development process. To cope with the uncertainty during rapid urbanization in peripheral areas, shareholding land readjustment provides opportunities for the original landowners to share the long-term sustainable land value increment. This is accomplished through a shareholding platform built by local government and a closely associated state-owned enterprise, with a guarantee of short-term fixed compensation. Shareholding land readjustment holds great promise in connecting plan implementation with land property exchange issues in the Global South.

The Sustainability of Corporate ESG Performance: An Empirical Study

A company’s ESG (environmental, social, and government) performance is an indicator of its sustainable development. In practice, enterprises should focus on improving their governance structure and improving their governance level to achieve sustainable development and long-term value. Based on a sample of China’s A-share-listed companies from 2014 to 2022, this paper obtains data from the WIND and CSMAR databases and finally selects 14,757 observed values. With ESG performance as the explained variable and Pledge as the explanatory variable, the relationship between major shareholders’ equity pledges and ESG performance is explored using a regression analysis. The results show that the correlation coefficient, β1, between corporate ESG performance and the pledge ratio of major shareholders is −0.0167, which is significantly negative at the 1% level, indicating that the equity pledges of major shareholders will have a negative impact on corporate ESG performance, and ESG performance shows that the pressure of controlling shareholders’ equity pledges mainly reduces the performance of companies in the areas of social responsibility (S) and governance (G) and does not have a significant impact on environmental construction (E). Further research shows that under the same conditions, compared with state-owned enterprises, the equity pledge behavior of major shareholders of private enterprises has a more significant impact on corporate ESG performance. This study is a good attempt at examining the sustainability of corporate ESG performance.

Experiences with enhancing data sharing in a large disciplinary engineering journal,

An issue that can limit the long-term value of information published in peer-reviewed engineering publications is the inability of readers to readily access data contained within a publication. This paper discusses experiences in changing the expectations for data sharing by authors in a large, disciplinary engineering journal, the AIChE Journal, in ways that seek to balance the burdens on authors and the benefits to readers.

IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM BINA LINGKUNGAN SEBAGAI STRATEGI PENGELOLAAN TANGGUNG JAWAB SOSIAL PERUSAHAAN: TINJAUAN DARI PERSPEKTIF CSR

ABSTRACT
 Corporate as business entities have obligations in social and environmental responsibility or known as CSR. The community development program is the development of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Implementation which is used as the Company's effort in sustainable development based on the 3P principle; namely Profit, People, and Planet. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Community Development Program as a strategy in CSR management and analyze the implementation of CSR arrangements in the strategy of managing corporate responsibility in environmental aspects. The method in this study is normative juridical research. with the approach used, namely the Statutory Approach, Conceptual Approach, Case Approach. The implementation of the Community Development program is a strategic step that can have a long-term positive impact on the company. One important aspect of the Community Development Program is its focus on sustainable development. Companies that involve themselves in this activity not only pay attention to the current environmental aspects, but also aim to leave positive for future generations. By adopting eco-friendly practices and sustainability projects, companies can create a sustainable positive impact in the long run. and the implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) arrangements in environmental responsibility management is an important step taken by companies to maintain a balance between business sustainability and social and environmental impacts. CSR regulation in environmental responsibility management is not just about complying with regulations or meeting market expectations. but also, as an effort to create long-term value, build strong relationships with stakeholders, and become agents of positive change in society.
 Keywords : Community Development Program, Corporate, Social and Environmental, Responsibility

An Exploratory Analysis of Variables Shaping Consumer Decision-Making in the Purchase of Kitchen Appliances Within Shopping Mall Environments

Purpose: The purpose of this lecture is to conduct an in-depth exploratory analysis of the variables that significantly influence consumer decision-making when purchasing kitchen appliances within shopping mall environments. In this study, we aim to unravel the intricate web of factors that shape consumers' choices in this specific retail setting. Through a comprehensive examination of various variables such as product features, brand perception, pricing strategies, promotional activities, and the overall shopping mall environment, we seek to gain valuable insights into the complex decision-making processes of consumers. By understanding these variables, we aim to provide retailers, marketers, and manufacturers with actionable information to enhance their strategies, ultimately improving the overall consumer experience and increasing market competitiveness. Furthermore, this research aspires to contribute to the existing body of knowledge on consumer behaviour within retail contexts, shedding light on the dynamics unique to the purchase of kitchen appliances in shopping malls. The findings may not only benefit businesses operating in this sector but also serve as a foundation for future research and academic discussions surrounding consumer decision-making in diverse retail environments. Ultimately, the goal is to equip stakeholders with knowledge that can drive informed decision-making and foster a more consumer-centric approach in the marketing and retail landscape. Design: This research adopted the conceptual research by using a descriptive research design. Secondary data has been collected and analyzed to find out the factors affecting the shopping malls. This research employs a mixed-methods approach to investigate the multifaceted factors influencing consumers' decision-making when purchasing kitchen appliances in shopping malls. Quantitative surveys will be administered to a diverse sample, examining demographics, product preferences, and shopping behaviors. Additionally, qualitative interviews with consumers and retail experts will provide in-depth insights into the subjective aspects of decision-making. The study aims to identify key variables, such as brand perception, price sensitivity, and product features, contributing to consumers' choices in the dynamic shopping mall environment. Findings will contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the intricate dynamics shaping consumer behavior in the kitchen appliances market within shopping malls. Findings: The exploratory analysis of variables shaping consumer decision-making in the purchase of kitchen appliances within shopping malls has yielded several key findings. Firstly, product features emerged as a crucial determinant, with consumers placing high importance on functionality, energy efficiency, and innovative technologies. Brands that effectively communicate these features are likely to influence purchasing decisions positively. Secondly, the role of pricing strategies was evident, indicating that consumers are sensitive to both initial costs and long-term value. Promotional activities, such as discounts, bundle offers, and loyalty programs, were found to significantly impact consumer preferences and choices. Thirdly, the study identified the substantial influence of brand perception on consumer decision-making. Brands associated with reliability, durability, and positive customer experiences tended to attract more attention and trust from consumers. Moreover, the overall shopping mall environment played a pivotal role. Factors such as store layout, ambiance, and staff expertise influenced consumers' perceptions and preferences. Consumers often seek a seamless and enjoyable shopping experience, which can contribute to their decision-making process. Originality/value: This study includes a detailed analysis of the Exploratory Analysis of Variables Shaping Consumer Decision-Making In The Purchase of Kitchen Appliances Within Shopping Mall Environments Paper type: Conceptual Research

Poincaré analysis detects pathological limb loading rate variability in post-anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction individuals

BackgroundPost-ACLR individuals can experience repeated exposure to variable limb loading, which contributes to development of knee osteoarthritis. Variable limb loading can present as loading rate variability (LRV) and is magnified during tasks like fast walking when the system is stressed. Nonlinear measures that evaluate temporal variability have successfully detected changes in gait variability associated with altered motor control, however, appropriately describing and uncovering the nature of gait variability has been challenging. Here, Poincaré analysis, a nonlinear method unique in its ability to capture different aspects of variability, served to uncover and quantify changes in limb LRV. It was hypothesized that post-ACLR individuals’ overloaded limbs would quantitatively and graphically demonstrate greater short-term stride-to-stride and long-term limb LRV during fast walking compared to the underloaded and healthy control limbs. MethodsFourteen post-ACLR individuals and fourteen healthy controls completed a walking protocol on an instrumented treadmill where they walked at 1.0 m/s and 1.5 m/s for 5-minutes each. A Welch’s test was performed to compare differences in short-term and long-term LRV metrics for the post-ACLR individuals’ overloaded and underloaded limbs and the healthy controls’ right limbs. ResultsAnalyses revealed that the post-ACLR individuals’ overloaded limb exhibited significantly greater short-term and long-term values compared to the underloaded and healthy control limbs at 1.5 m/s (p<0.05). Additionally, the loading rate data was widely scattered across the plots for the overloaded limb, indicating greater LRV. SignificancePoincaré analysis successfully identified that post-ACLR overloaded limbs exhibited impaired motor control during fast walking based on quantitative and graphical changes in variability. This highlights the clinical applications of Poincaré analysis, with the plots potentially serving as an easy-to-interpret diagnostic tool for pathological limb LRV.

Causal Estimation of Long-term Intervention Cost-effectiveness Using Genetic Instrumental Variables: An Application to Cancer.

This article demonstrates a means of assessing long-term intervention cost-effectiveness in the absence of data from randomized controlled trials and without recourse to Markov simulation or similar types of cohort simulation. Using a Mendelian randomization study design, we developed causal estimates of the genetically predicted effect of bladder, breast, colorectal, lung, multiple myeloma, ovarian, prostate, and thyroid cancers on health care costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) using outcome data drawn from the UK Biobank cohort. We then used these estimates in a simulation model to estimate the cost-effectiveness of a hypothetical population-wide preventative intervention based on a repurposed class of antidiabetic drugs known as sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors very recently shown to reduce the odds of incident prostate cancer. Genetic liability to prostate cancer and breast cancer had material causal impacts on either or both health care costs and QALYs. Mendelian randomization results for the less common cancers were associated with considerable uncertainty. SGLT2 inhibition was unlikely to be a cost-effective preventative intervention for prostate cancer, although this conclusion depended on the price at which these drugs would be offered for a novel anticancer indication. Our new causal estimates of cancer exposures on health economic outcomes may be used as inputs into decision-analytic models of cancer interventions such as screening programs or simulations of longer-term outcomes associated with therapies investigated in randomized controlled trials with short follow-ups. Our method allowed us to rapidly and efficiently estimate the cost-effectiveness of a hypothetical population-scale anticancer intervention to inform and complement other means of assessing long-term intervention value. The article demonstrates a novel method of assessing long-term intervention cost-effectiveness without relying on randomized controlled trials or cohort simulations.Mendelian randomization was used to estimate the causal effects of certain cancers on health care costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) using data from the UK Biobank cohort.Given causal data on the association of different cancer exposures on costs and QALYs, it was possible to simulate the cost-effectiveness of an anticancer intervention.Genetic liability to prostate cancer and breast cancer significantly affected health care costs and QALYs, but the hypothetical intervention using SGLT2 inhibitors for prostate cancer may not be cost-effective, depending on the drug's price for the new anticancer indication. The methods we propose and implement can be used to efficiently estimate intervention cost-effectiveness and to inform decision making in all manner of preventative and therapeutic contexts.

Does Capital Structure Affect Profitability of Listed Ghanaian Firms?

ABSTRACT: Capital structure is one of the crucial decisions managers must make that can affect a firm's short-term and long-term value maximization prospects. Though extant studies have shown capital structure significantly affects profits, researchers have struggled to find an optimal mix of capital structure ideal for value maximization due to the influence of macro and micro factors. There is therefore the need for this to be properly studied contextually. Building on the Pecking Order Theory, this study examines the capital structure effects on profitability from a short-term, long-term, and total debt financing perspective on listed Ghanaian firms between 2003 and 2013. An unbalanced panel data of 23 listed manufacturing and service firms that are listed on the Ghanaian Stock Exchange are subjected to robust maximum likelihood heteroskedastic linear estimation models. Three main regressions that are run explain the short-term debt, long-term debt and total debt effect on firm profitability. The results show that short-term debt exhibits a positive effect on return on equity (ROE), whilst the relationship reverses for long-term debt, indicating that short-term financing was beneficial to firms rather than long-term financing. Also, total debt exhibited a negative and non-significant effect on return on equity. The author also found that firm liquidity exhibited a more pronounced positive effect on profitability for firms with short-term debt than long-term debt. Financial risk negatively affected the returns of only firms with short-term debt. Market share had a pronounced positive effect on ROE across firms whilst firm age exhibited a less pronounced positive effect on firm profits. Firm size and growth had increasing profit effects but was not significant in the dataset. Financial risk also negatively affected profits, but this was only significant in firms with short-term debt structures. This study finds that managers need to adopt more short-term debt financing rather than long-term financing as the former leads to more profits. There is a need for policymakers to develop long-term debt financing structures to compete in the Ghanaian debt market. It is also recommended that managers exercise due care when supplementing equity capital with debt.

تكامل تقنية البلوكتشين في إدارة سلسلة التوريد المستدامة

Supply chain sustainability (SCS) aims to create long-term economic, social, and environmental value. Blockchain. Technology (BT), as a foundational technology, represents a significant development in the advancement of sustainability in the .Supply .Chain (SC). Research on the potential .impact of BT on SCS is still limited, despite its growing role in improving SC efficiency and societal changes. The main objective of this study .is to fill this knowledge.Gap by synthesizing existing literature. Most studies focus on the economic implications of blockchains, highlighting their transformative potential, including the creation of new economic models, increased operational efficiency, economic advantages, and opportunities for value creation. However, BT also offers social benefits, fostering trust among partners, enhancing food safety, supporting humanitarian logistics, and promoting social equity. Additionally, it can contribute to environmental efforts by reducing pressure on energy and natural resources and enabling the creation of environmentally friendly products. In conclusion, BT has the potential to bring about significant changes in .the .economic, .social, and .environmental .dimensions of .SCS. Keywords: Supply Chain, .Blockchain Technology, Supply Chain Sustainability.

Economic uncertainty and stock market asymmetric volatility: analysis based on the asymmetric GARCH-MIDAS model

PurposeWe aim to clarify the effect of economic uncertainty on Chinese stock market fluctuations. We extend the understanding of the asymmetric connectedness between economic uncertainty and stock market risk and provide different characteristics of spillovers from economic uncertainty to both upside and downside risk. Furthermore, we aim to provide the different impact patterns of stock market volatility following several exogenous shocks.Design/methodology/approachWe construct a Chinese economic uncertainty index using a Factor-Augmented Variable Auto-Regressive Stochastic Volatility (FAVAR-SV) model for high-dimensional data. We then examine the asymmetric impact of realized volatility and economic uncertainty on the long-term volatility components of the stock market through the asymmetric Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity-Mixed Data Sampling (GARCH-MIDAS) model.FindingsNegative news, including negative return-related volatility and higher economic uncertainty, has a greater impact on the long-term volatility components than positive news. During the financial crisis of 2008, economic uncertainty and realized volatility had a significant impact on long-term volatility components but did not constitute long-term volatility components during the 2015 A-share stock market crash and the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. The two-factor asymmetric GARCH-MIDAS model outperformed the other two models in terms of explanatory power, fitting ability and out-of-sample forecasting ability for the long-term volatility component.Research limitations/implicationsMany GARCH series models can also combine the GARCH series model with the MIDAS method, including but not limited to Exponential GARCH (EGARCH) and Threshold GARCH (TGARCH). These diverse models may exhibit distinct reactions to economic uncertainty. Consequently, further research should be undertaken to juxtapose alternative models for assessing the stock market response.Practical implicationsOur conclusions have important implications for stakeholders, including policymakers, market regulators and investors, to promote market stability. Understanding the asymmetric shock arising from economic uncertainty on volatility enables market participants to assess the potential repercussions of negative news, engage in timely and effective volatility prediction, implement risk management strategies and offer a reference for financial regulators to preemptively address and mitigate systemic financial risks.Social implicationsFirst, in the face of domestic and international uncertainties and challenges, policymakers must increase communication with the market and improve policy transparency to effectively guide market expectations. Second, stock market authorities should improve the basic regulatory system of the capital market and optimize investor structure. Third, investors should gradually shift to long-term value investment concepts and jointly promote market stability.Originality/valueThis study offers a novel perspective on incorporating a Chinese economic uncertainty index constructed by a high-dimensional FAVAR-SV model into the asymmetric GARCH-MIDAS model.

α1-Antichymotrypsin Complex (SERPINA3) Is an Independent Predictor of All-Cause but Not Cardiovascular Mortality in Patients Hospitalized for Chest Pain of Suspected Coronary Origin

Introduction: SERPINA3 is an acute-phase protein triggered by inflammation. It is upregulated after an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Data on its long-term prognostic value in MI patients are scarce. We aimed to assess the utility of SERPINA3 as a prognostic marker in patients hospitalized for chest pain of suspected coronary origin. Methods: A total of 871 consecutive patients, 386 diagnosed with AMI, were included. Stepwise Cox regression models, applying continuous loge-transformed values, were fitted for the biomarker with all-cause mortality and cardiac death within 2 years or all-cause mortality within the median 7 years as dependent variables. An analysis of MI and stroke, and combined endpoints, respectively, was added. The hazard ratio (HR) (95% CI) was assessed in a univariate and multivariable model. Results: Plasma samples from 847 patients were available. By 2-year follow-up, 138 (15.8%) patients had died, of which 86 were cardiac deaths. The univariate analysis showed a significant association between SERPINA3 and all-cause mortality (HR 1.41 [95% 1.19–1.68], p < 0.001) but not for cardiac death. Associations after adjustment were non-significant. By 7-year follow-up, 332 (38.1%) patients had died. SERPINA3 was independently associated with all-cause mortality from the third year onward. The HR was 1.14 (95% CI, 1.02–1.28), p = 0.022. Similar results applied to combined endpoints, but not for MI and stroke, respectively. The prognostic value of SERPINA3 was limited to non-AMI patients. No independent associations were noted among AMI patients. Conclusions: SERPINA3 predicts long-term all-cause mortality but fails to predict outcome in AMI patients.

Decoding Corporate Financial Health: A Comprehensive Quantitative Analysis of Annual Accounts and Financing Strategies

Abstract&#x0D; This study navigates the intricate landscape of corporate finance within publicly traded Indonesian companies, aiming to comprehensively grasp their financial health. A holistic approach merges quantitative analyses of annual accounts with qualitative insights from corporate finance, focusing on unraveling the nuanced relationship between financing techniques and financial performance indicators, considering diverse variables such as industry characteristics and company sizes. Employing robust methodologies including regression analysis, correlation analysis, and panel data analysis, the study uncovers significant trends. Noteworthy findings include a burgeoning reliance on debt financing, the emergence of hybrid financing structures, and industry-specific variations in financing preferences. The positive correlation between equity financing and profitability aligns seamlessly with agency theory, underlining its potential for aligning management interests with long-term value creation. Meanwhile, the nuanced impact of debt financing emphasizes the imperative for companies to delicately balance the benefits and risks associated with financial leverage. Implications derived from the research extend practical advice to industry practitioners, emphasizing the need for tailored financing strategies, strengthened corporate governance, and industry-specific considerations. Policymakers are encouraged to play a pivotal role in fostering equity market development, implementing responsible regulatory measures, and championing transparency in financial reporting. This research not only contributes to the existing financial literature by enriching academic discourse but also provides actionable insights for businesses navigating the intricate terrain of corporate finance in Indonesia.