Long-term Sustainable Strategy Research Articles

Work Identity and Career Perspectives in Flexible Labour Contexts

"Work inclusion is among the main targets of any sustainable long-term strategy, implemented at European level through three main directions: a better inclusion of young people on the labour market, reintegration of the chronic ill persons and retention for longer periods of the elder ones by increasing the retirement age. The Covid-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine, as other previous crisis also did, brought interruptions regarding the labour market and accelerated some already existing trends, sometimes increasing gaps. Both the International Labour Organisation (ILO) and the European Union drew attention on the increasing risks the new generation is facing when struggling to enter the labour market in an insecure context. Considering this given framework, the present paper aims to shed light on the integration of the young people into work, resorting to concepts such as work identity, career construction, job insecurity and flexibility. Furthermore, the theoretical approach is enriched with the analysis of data issued by the statistical bureau of the European Union (Eurostat) regarding the participation of young people in education and on the labour market."

Binary Logistic Regression applied to erosion susceptibility mapping in the Southern Amazon

Problems with soil erosion by water wind in the Brazilian Amazon are intensifying as the forest is replaced by agricultural production. Deforestation, burning, logging, and advancing the agricultural frontier have altered the soil-vegetation balance. In this context, the analysis of soil erosion susceptibility is one of the most significant challenges to developing long-term sustainability strategies and policies. Based on the above, the present study used the principles of Statistical Modeling - Logistic Regression - to develop and validate a model for analysis of susceptibility to soil erosion using 14 environmental factors. The study was carried out in a hydrographic sub-basin with 330 km2, located in the south of the State of Rondônia in the western Amazon, which combines characteristics of intense anthropic activity, loss of fertile soil, gullies, and silting of rivers. The study area has rainfall above 2000 mm year-1, they are transcurrent shear zones, predominant relief forms are flat to slightly convex tops, drainage networks are dendritic in an exorheic system, vegetation cover is composed of areas of forests and natural or regenerated forest fragments, agriculture is destined to annual crops. Livestock is extensive, with a predominance of small rural properties. The logistic regression model showed satisfactory results with an AUC of 0.888 and global accuracy was 0.77. The variables with the most significant effect on the equation were NDVI, erosivity, and TST. The mapping found that 57.71% of the study area is in places susceptible to soil loss due to water events.

Confluence of sustainable entrepreneurship, innovation, and digitalization in SMEs

Entrepreneurship has been the focus of business research because of its ability to drive positive change and increase resilience in the economy. Sustainable entrepreneurship is the latest approach that links traditional entrepreneurship with triple-bottom-line principles and has gained institutional support since the UN approved the “2030 Development Agenda.” However, the field of sustainable entrepreneurship is relatively new and continually evolving, with an ongoing debate about its definition, boundaries, and drivers. A model was designed using different estimation techniques, to explore how SMEs and start-ups can adopt long-term sustainability, innovation, and digitalization strategies. This study used data from the Flash Eurobarometer 486 gathered through interviews with 16.365 SMEs in the EU27 and 12 non-EU countries. The findings show that most entrepreneurs do not express interest in a pro-growth agenda, which limits the reach of pro-entrepreneurship and pro-innovation discourse. Furthermore, firms’ youth affect sustainability, not innovation and digitalization dynamics.

Exploring student community engagement in higher education: A bibliometric analysis on the path to sustainable development

Higher education institutions have seen significant growth in student community engagement initiatives, which act as engines for fostering social justice and fostering civic responsibility. By conducting a thorough bibliometric analysis of the literature on student community engagement programmes in higher education and focusing specifically on exploring the opportunities and challenges associated with sustainable practises, this study seeks to add to the body of knowledge already in existence. Data were taken from the Scopus database and analysed using a variety of bibliometric indicators and network visualisation tools. The analysis's findings provide insight into a number of facets of the field, including publication output, frequently used author keywords, prestigious journals, influential institutions, prolific authors, and national contributions. The study sheds important light on the scholarly work surrounding student community participation programmes in higher education by looking at these factors. The results of this study also highlight the opportunities and issues that must be resolved in order to implement sustainable practices in student community engagement programmes. To ensure such programmes' sustained success and impact, it is important to strengthen interdisciplinary research efforts, cultivate strong community connections, and create long-term sustainability strategies. This study contributes to understanding student community engagement programmes in higher education by exploring the literature through a bibliometric lens, revealing knowledge gaps, highlighting areas for further investigation, and highlighting opportunities for advancement.

Assessing the Degradation of Safety Management Performance in Large Construction Projects: An Investigation and Decision Model Based on Complex Network Modeling

Modern safety control theory suggests that the accumulation of safety management defects at the organizational level can lead to a degradation in the overall safety management performance. This problem is exacerbated by the increasing complexity of safety management in large construction projects. The theoretical frameworks proposed by existing studies can provide generalized guidance for identifying safety management defects, but they are not flexible enough to address the complexity of a safety management system (SMS) in specific large construction projects. This study proposed an investigation and decision model based on a complex network model of SMSs. The main purpose was to accurately assess the degradation of safety management performance through the comprehensive identification of safety management defects for large construction projects. The functional components and their interactions in SMSs were graphically represented in a complex network using the fuzzy DEMATEL technique. Based on this, deep-seated safety management defects were identified by tracing the path of influence between the functional components and their roots. Furthermore, the results of this identification were used to support the assessment of the degradation of the safety performance of the overall SMS. The proposed model was verified with a large-scale wastewater treatment plant construction project in Lanzhou City, China. The degradation of the functional components could be presented in a complex visual network map to facilitate an understanding of the weak points or risk-sensitive areas throughout the SMS. Especially in the case of false safety perceptions, deep-seated safety management defects can be identified in time to prevent a sudden collapse of the SMS through early warnings. In addition, it also facilitates timely short-term improvement strategies and systematic long-term improvement strategies for long-term sustainability and increased resilience.

Renewable Methanol from Industrial Carbon Emissions: A Dead End or Sustainable Way Forward?

As the urgency to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050 intensifies, industries face an imperative to reimagine their role in the fight against climate change. One promising avenue arises from the realization that industrial emissions, often deemed pollutants, can be the building blocks of a circular economy strategy. By directly utilizing these carbon emissions as raw materials, we can produce net-zero or low-carbon fuels, carbonates, polymers, and chemicals. At the heart of this paradigm shift lies the production of carbon-neutral methanol from industrial flue gas-a technically viable approach that has gained significant momentum in recent years. The conditions under which such a circular economy model for producing renewable methanol becomes commercially sustainable based on realistic constraints, however, are not sufficiently explored in the existing literature. This paper fills this gap by investigating if and when net-zero methanol production from industrial flue gas will be a sustainable long-term strategy. Using detailed technoeconomic modeling of integrated hydrogen and methanol production ecosystems for two production capacities, I will evaluate 32 practical production scenarios using realistic regulatory, economic, and market conditions. Even though renewable methanol from industrial emissions can be a viable technical solution to address climate change and global warming, I will show why this strategy will be commercially feasible only under favorable economic, regulatory, and market conditions. Furthermore, I will demonstrate how the market price of methanol and the cost of carbon-free electricity critically influence the commercial feasibility of this approach. When these two parameters are unfavorable, I will show why other factors, namely, carbon credits and byproduct (oxygen) sales, will not be sufficient to create an economically sustainable circular economy of renewable methanol from industrial emissions. Finally, I will provide arguments on why one has to think through stakeholder cooperation and public-private partnerships to mitigate various project risks. Despite the importance of this topic, it is not sufficiently covered in the available scientific literature. To advance policy and regulatory frameworks in this area, I strongly believe that further research and development is needed. I will also share perspectives on regulatory derisking mechanisms, which can help align regulations with private investors' preferences. With the analyses and arguments showcased in this paper, I will firmly assert that without favorable conditions, strong partnerships, and stakeholder cooperation, the production of renewable net-zero methanol from industrial emissions risks becoming a dead-end strategy.

Firms’ characteristics, corporate governance, and the adoption of sustainability reporting: evidence from Gulf Cooperation Council countries

PurposeThe purpose of the study is to investigate the factors that influence the adoption of new sustainability reporting (SDG) and external assurance (EXTA) practices. This study also examines the relationship between sustainability reporting activity and corporate economic performance for a sample of 99 companies in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries that addressed SDGs in their sustainability reports published in 2019.Design/methodology/approachUsing a two-stage analysis, this study examines how firms’ characteristics and corporate governance variables affect SDG and economic performance, as well as the firm’s decision to adopt EXTA statements for a sample of companies in that addressed SDGs in their sustainability reports published in 2019. The authors collected data from the Global Reporting Initiative’s (GRI) Sustainability Disclosure database and the Bureau van Dijk for Orbis database.FindingsThe results show that the variables firm size, profitability, big 4 auditors and government ownership significantly affect SDG and economic performance. The results also reveal that firms operating in the manufacturing sector are positively correlated with SDG and the firm’s decision to adopt EXTA statements. Furthermore, the results indicate that board independence positively affects SDGs and EXTA.Research limitations/implicationsThe results can be particularly relevant and timely in helping large GCC companies promote their engagement to sustainable development practices by adopting more sustainable long-term strategies and policies. The findings could also guide managers in the strategic direction to identify firms’ characteristics and corporate governance features essential to promote sustainability reporting, an increasingly important performance indicator for investors and to enhance their confidence in the capital market. The results may also have practical implications to policymakers and other regulators in GCC countries to define effective frameworks that promote sustainable development reports and the use of EXTA.Originality/valueThe results make significant contributions by providing new insights to the existing literature on sustainability reporting in emerging markets by examining a unique perspective on the influence of firms’ characteristics and corporate governance features on the adoption of new sustainability reporting practices. The authors further add to the previous literature on the relationship between a firm’s economic performance and sustainable reporting by providing evidence from large companies in GCC countries, which might benefit from the adoption of multiple conceptual lenses, in this case, legitimacy and stakeholder theories. Lastly, through the empirical findings, this study provides economic validity to the 2018 joint initiative of the GRI and the United Nations Global Compact to strengthen corporate actions to achieve the United Nations SDGs.

Can increasing technological complexity help strengthen regional economic resilience?

Improving regional economic resilience through technological innovation has always been a strategic focus of China, but the previous studies have paid little attention to the impact of structural characteristics of technological innovation on regional economic resilience. Based on the complexity of technology, this study studies the impact and mechanism of technological systems with more complex internal mechanisms on economic resilience. The main findings are as follows: (1) Higher technological complexity is conducive to technological innovation and can improve regional economic resilience; (2) technological complexity needs to be in the appropriate range, and its positive effect shows diminishing marginal effect; and (3) optimizing market competition and absorptive capacity plays a positive role in regulating the relationship between technological complexity and regional economic resilience. This study provides policy implications for implementing innovation-driven development strategy, formulating economic recovery plan, and medium- and long-term sustainable development strategy.

Evaluation of agriculture wells electrification policy and development of a long-term sustainable energy strategy

The electrification of agriculture wells in the developing countries is considered as one of the major solutions for increasing energy efficiency and utilization of renewables to achieve sustainable and smart agriculture sector. This study aims to re-evaluate the plan for the electrification of agricultural wells in Iran as a case study in the framework of an environmental energy analysis model and under possible scenarios to achieve sustainable policy-making until 2041. To evaluate the cost-benefits of electrification of agricultural wells, an economic bottom-up end-use analysis model was developed using LEAP. In this study, a methodology was developed to analyze different solutions for energy demand of groundwater well subsector of agriculture sector. The superior scenario, called energy efficiency package, was introduced. To amend the government's policy on the electrification of agricultural wells, and by integrating the strategies of electrification and intelligent measurements and monitoring of wells, this research, suggested a sustainable solution on the use of solar and wind energy in the form of energy efficiency package. This solution could save 8.19 million barrels of crude oil equivalent and reduce 5.24 million tons of greenhouse gas emissions by 2041 at a cost of −369.3 dollars per ton of carbon dioxide equivalent.

The luxury yacht charter market and sustainable brand image: the case of Sunreef

PurposeDrive, power and consciousness are the corner stones for the long-term sustainability of any industry. In the luxury yachting industry, the objective of this study is to evidence through the case of sunreed yachting that environmental innovation in the yachting industry has been key to sustainability.Design/methodology/approachAs a case study central to this paper, Sunreef has reconciled key luxury sustainability indicators to improve its brand image. This article adopted a case study approach to provide a systematic documentary analysis of online materials. It is also supported by a critical review of recent literature.FindingsBeyond reconciling the three core components of any long-term sustainable strategy, the paper provides evidence that luxury yachting can operate without impacting negatively on the environment and local population, providing it is fully aware of the challenges faced by the planet in terms of sustainability, and that everyone has a role to play in achieving sustainability (consciousness) and also a willingness (driver) to invest in research and development (power).Originality/valueThis paper addresses the sustainability challenge in the luxury yachting industry. The case of Sunreef Yachts Eco has shown that green communication and innovations are able to reverse the unsustainable ecological trends in the yachting industry. This paper argues that “green activism” is the key encapsulating all the approaches by Sunreef, linking “consciousness”, “power” and “drivers” in sustainability yachting.

Enhancing the cosmetics industry sustainability through a renewed sustainable supplier selection model

ABSTRACT The cosmetics industry requires a long-term sustainable strategy to balance its continuously growing trend worldwide and its resources consumption. In this view, the suppliers’ selection process is gaining more attention affecting products’ overall sustainability. The objective of this contribution is hence to develop and validate the Cosmetics Sustainable Supplier Selection (C-SSS) model allowing the selection of sustainable suppliers for the cosmetic industry, evaluating them in an objective and balanced manner. The model was built relying on both scientific and grey literature, by incorporating the characteristics of existing SSS models usually used separately. The C-SSS enabled to integrate the EMM approach (to reduce the subjectivity), the ANP approach (to evaluate criteria interconnections), and the TOPSIS and ELECTRE models (to create a hybrid compensation model) to support managers in objectively selecting the most sustainable suppliers. The C-SSS model was applied and validated through an industrial use case in a cosmetics Italian company.

Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on export commodity trading

This study examines the impact of COVID-19 on the export commodity sector in North Kalimantan province, Indonesia. The sector’s heavy reliance on hydrocarbon, seafood, and agricultural products, and lack of diversification in the commodity market pose significant risks to its long-term sustainability and growth. Studies critically analysing the trading of this commodity and the pandemic’s impacts on this sector remain lacking. Using a content analysis approach on data and information sourced from government reports and statistics, this qualitative-based study provides insight into the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and its resultant government intervention measures on North Kalimantan’s export commodities. Findings show that export commodities handled by the province’s ports decreased by 7 percent from 2019 to 2020, but in 2021, export values almost doubled compared to pre-COVID levels. The province’s economic growth has been heavily dependent on hydrocarbon, seafood, and agricultural products before and during the pandemic. To create a more business-friendly environment and reverse the downward trend of export commodities, the study suggests diversifying the commodity market, enhancing human resource capacity, and forging stronger private-public partnerships. The study provides insight into the effects of the pandemic on North Kalimantan’s export commodity sector, highlighting the need for long-term sustainability strategies.

“Feel the decibels closely”: Earphones preference study using conjoint analysis

Conjoint Analysis is an analytical technique used in market research to quantify consumer preferences for a product or service. The result of the technique provides us with different combinations of attributes that consumers value the most. The technique uses different features of a product or service and their corresponding levels to model and quantifies the customers’ buying decision process. Using Conjoint Analysis, one can study the trade-offs undertaken by the consumer and use the derived insights for design implementation. The sale of Bluetooth Earphones in India witnessed a sudden spike during the COVID 19 pandemic. The consequential market, thriving with competition, saw market leaders attempt to strengthen their positions further and new players try to enter the market. The paper seeks to understand the existing consumer preferences for different features of Bluetooth Earphones using Conjoint Analysis. The outcome of the analysis provides market stakeholders with a yardstick to guide their design decisions and formulate sustainable long-term business strategies.

APPROACHES OF STRATEGIC SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN ROMANIAN SPORT

Sustainability has become a pressing concern for a wide range of organizations, including sports’ world governing bodies. This paper aims to examine the meaning of sustainability in the context of international sport federations and how the national federations succeed to implement social and environmental sustainability practices. The study explores the strategic priorities for sustainable development from the perspective of Romanian Football Federation for governing national sport and how they define a framework for Strategic Sustainable Development. We used a five-dimensional analytical framework to analyze the recent changes national federations have made regarding sustainability, concentrating on the Romanian Football Federation as an example of good practices. The paper aims to emphasize that planned efforts as part of a long-term sustainable development strategy in the field of sport must be considered high priority.

Assessing Green Solutions for Indoor and Outdoor Environmental Quality: Sustainable Development Needs Renewable Energy Technology

The survival of humans depends on both natural and manufactured surroundings. Though most people spend their time indoors, there are constantly new challenges to address, and air pollution is one of them. This research considered both outdoor and indoor factors that affected green development agendas. Outdoor factors include fossil fuel combustion, renewable energy supplies, and carbon emissions, whereas indoor factors include industrial waste management, chemical use in production, and green technologies. Against the backdrop of the Indian economy, plagued by severe environmental problems from 1995Q1 to 2020Q4, this research evaluated green alternatives for indoor and outdoor environments. Carbon emissions rise with the use of chemicals in production, with the burning of fossil fuels, and with economic expansion, as shown by the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) testing method employed. In contrast, emissions fall when a nation invests in renewable energy technologies and appropriately manages its industrial waste. Granger causality estimations validated the feedback link between industrial chemical usage and carbon emissions while demonstrating a unidirectional causality from chemical use to green energy demand and fossil fuel combustions. Moreover, burning fossil fuels and energy demand causes carbon emissions. Carbon emissions and fossil fuel combustion are produced due to industrial waste handling. The scale of the use of chemicals is expected to have the greatest impact on carbon emissions over the next few decades, followed by industrial waste, renewable energy supply, fossil fuel combustion, and renewable energy technologies. In order to achieve environmental sustainability via emissions reduction, this study proposed policies for a low-carbon economy, renewable energy source encouragement, and sustainable management. Close attention should be paid to clean energy and environmental sustainability by investing in research and development (R&D) to create a long-term sustainable energy strategy that is environmentally benign.

THE ROLE AND RISKS OF ESG TRANSFORMATION OF COMPANIES IN THE FACE OF NEW CHALLENGES

The development of supranational and national legislation, standardization requirements and the expansion of producer responsibility have led to the formation of a new approach for the goal-setting of enterprises with a focus not only on purely commercial goals of the short-term period, but on long-term sustainability. This is how the concept of ESG principles of the enterprise was formed, which focuses the company on high efficiency of corporate governance along with the achievement of social and environmental goals of doing business. However, the institutional environment for the effective implementation of ESG practices is at the stage of formation, so there are opportunities for additional risks and threats, among which greenwashing and ESG rating errors stand out due to the lack of standardization and uniform criteria for evaluating companies, green financing errors and the emergence of a financial bubble and other risks.
 The goal is to systematize the benefits of ESG transformation of companies to ensure sustainability and economic efficiency, analyze the green finance market as a key link in the transformation of sustainable initiatives into real economic benefits, analyze the risks of non-acceptance and manipulation of ESG factors for the sustainable development of companies.
 Methods and tools of institutional, sectoral analysis and strategic management, theoretical approaches within the framework of the concept of sustainable development, circular and carbon neutral economy were used.
 Results and scope of their application. The results of this study can be used by enterprises in the implementation of ESG principles and non-financial reporting on environmental, social and managerial risk management, by public authorities in the development of long-term sustainable development strategies and the formation of an institutional environment to achieve climate neutrality, implement energy transition, and ensure the long-term competitiveness of Russian companies in conditions of increasing global threats and the tightening of national and supranational legislation.

Exploring the mediating role of knowledge management practices to corporate sustainability

This study aims to elaborate and recognize a model in which knowledge management practices affect corporate sustainability via corporate structure, corporate culture, corporate leadership style, and a unique variable social capital, used for the first time. Knowledge management is now used as a mediating variable for corporate sustainability. Creating long-term sustainable strategies emphasizes the need for a distinctive model of knowledge management practices in a rapidly changing business environment. Therefore, this paper delivers insights on how an organization can sustain its performance by addressing new dimensions due to the changing socio-economic environments and the pursuit of incessant improvement of competition. The authors used a quantitative research approach. Data is collected through a well-designed questionnaire from 130 respondents from Dhaka's textile sector, a significant sector of Bangladesh's economy and the world's second-largest ready-made garment (RMG) manufacturer and exporter. The result revealed that corporate sustainability is significantly related to corporate structure, culture, social capital, and corporate leadership styles. The mediated role of knowledge management in the link between organizational culture and sustainable performance is also crucial, and the relationship between leadership style and sustainable performance is also vital. A new variable known as social capital is also identified. Giving value and novelty to the academic literature also confirmed knowledge management and corporate sustainability theories that governments and regulators should follow.

Smart cities, urban mobility and autonomous vehicles: How different cities needs different sustainable investment strategies

The Smart city is important for sustainability. Governments engaged in developing urban mobility in the smart city need to invest their limited financial resources wisely to realize sustainability goals. A key area for such sustainability investment is how to implement and invest in emerging technologies for urban mobility solutions. However, current frameworks on how to understand the impact of emerging technologies aligned with long-term sustainability strategies are understudied. This article develops a simulation-based comparison between different cities and autonomous vehicle (AV) adoption scenarios to understand which aspects of cities lead to positive AV implementation outcomes. As urban mobility and cities will become smart, the analysis represents a first attempt to explore the impact of AVs on a large scale across different cities around the world. Archetypes are formed and account for most, if not all, world cities. For three of our archetypes (car-centric giants, prosperous innovation centers, and high-density megacities), promoting AV-shuttle use would deliver the greatest advantage as measured by improvements in the model's KPIs. To develop urban powerhouses, however, micromobility would deliver greater benefits. For highly compact middleweights, a shift from private cars to other non-AV modes of transportation would be the smartest choice.

Root rot a silent alfalfa killer in China: Distribution, fungal, and oomycete pathogens, impact of climatic factors and its management.

Alfalfa plays a significant role in the pasture ecosystems of China’s north, northeast, and northwest regions. It is an excellent forage for livestock, improves soil structure, prevents soil erosion, and has ecological benefits. Presently root rot is a significant threat to the alfalfa productivity because of the survival of the pathogens as soil-borne and because of lack of microbial competition in the impoverished nutrient-deficient soils and resistant cultivars. Furthermore, these regions’ extreme ecological and environmental conditions predispose alfalfa to root rot. Moisture and temperature, in particular, have a considerable impact on the severity of root rot. Pathogens such as Fusarium spp. and Rhizoctonia solani are predominant, frequently isolated, and of major concern. These pathogens work together as disease complexes, so finding a host genotype resistant to disease complexes is challenging. Approaches to root rot control in these regions include mostly fungicides treatments and cultural practices and very few reports on the usage of biological control agents. As seed treatment, fungicides such as carbendazim are frequently used to combat root rot; however, resistance to fungicides has arisen. However, breeding and transgenic approaches could be more efficient and sustainable long-term control strategies, especially if resistance to disease complexes may be identified. Yet, research in China is mainly limited to field investigation of root rot and disease resistance evaluation. In this review, we describe climatic conditions of pastoral regions and the role of alfalfa therein and challenges of root rot, the distribution of root rot in the world and China, and the impact of root rot pathogens on alfalfa in particular R. solani and Fusarium spp., effects of environmental factors on root rot and summarize to date disease management approach.

Factors Influencing Job Satisfaction of Nurses in Cardiac Center, Hail, KSA

Background: The present healthcare organizational landscape is experiencing a myriad of issues that have resulted in more and more nurses quitting. Job satisfaction is defined as the employees' feelings and behaviors towards their job. The healthcare system of Saudi Arabia is composed of considerable numbers of expatriate nurses from different countries, bringing about diversity. Compared to the past data, there has been an increment in the rate of nurses quitting, meaning a reduction in job satisfaction. This study determines the factors influencing job satisfaction among nurses working in Cardiac Center Hail in Saudi Arabia. Methods: The study utilized a retrospective study based on prospective data collection focusing on the nursing staff's responses to the staff satisfaction survey in Cardiac Center Hail (CCH). The convenience sampling technique of data collection was adopted since it is incredibly prompt, economical, fast, less sophisticated, and easy to research. This method is random and hence eliminates bias in the research. The data collection process utilized inclusion criteria to ensure high quality and reliable data s obtained. Results: It can be observed the job satisfaction in the Cardiac Center Hail is average since the highest percentage of job satisfaction scores ranges between being average and very good for most of the influencing factors. The most dissatisfying factor in the institution was the food supply, followed by the communication system, transportation, and working hours. Conclusion: This information is critical for utilization by policymaking in developing long-term sustainable strategies for promoting a higher retention rate of nurses through offering favorable conditions to promote health care quality deliverance. . Improvements include allocating allowances, reducing the workload on the nurses by maintaining the required shift time, compensate on overtime, improve the communication system, food should be properly cooked, fresh, and balanced, reduce congestion in accommodation & provide appropriate accessories, and establish proper and reliable transport system.