Long-term Dietary Intake Research Articles

Dissipation and Dietary Risk Assessment of Pydiflumetofen Residues in Soybean.

In this study, the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method, combined with high-performance liquid chromatography−tandem mass spectrometry, was chosen for detecting pydiflumetofen residues in soybean plants, soybeans and soil, and assessing the risk of short- and long-term dietary intake. Pydiflumetofen concentrations ranging from 0.001−0.5 mg/L exhibited good linearity (r > 0.997). At varying doses, the average pydiflumetofen recovery rates and relative standard deviations among soybean plants, soybeans, and soil ranged from 83.9 ± 1.1% to 99.5 ± 3.3% and from 0.77 to 7.77%, respectively. The sensitivity, accuracy, and precision of the chosen methodology met the requirements of pesticide residue analysis. The results of the degradation dynamics test showed that the half-life of pydiflumetofen (t1/2) in soybean plants and in soil were 3.6 to 5.7 and from 7.9 to 25.7 d, respectively. Assessment of the concentration of pydiflumetofen residues in soybeans revealed acute and chronic dietary exposure risks of 0.06 and 7.54%, respectively. As these values are very low, pydiflumetofen residues in soybeans present an acceptable risk to public health. The results of this study will help to guide the practical application of pydiflumetofen and minimize the environmental risks associated with its use.

Abstract A013: Metabolomics of acute vs. chronic spinach intake in an Apc-mutant genetic background: linoleate and butanoate metabolites targeting HDAC activity and IFN-γ signaling

Abstract There is growing interest in the crosstalk between the gut microbiome, metabolomic features, and disease pathogenesis. Colorectal cancer is a major health burden worldwide, linked in part to modifiable risk factors associated with diet and lifestyle (1). The differential roles of the metabolites in targeting Wnt/b-catenin signaling were recently reported (2). The current investigation compared long-term (26 week) and acute (3 day) dietary spinach intake in a genetic model of colorectal cancer. Metabolomic analyses in the polyposis in rat colon (Pirc) model and in wildtype animals corroborated key contributions to anticancer outcomes by spinach-derived linoleate bioactives and a butanoate metabolite linked to increased a-diversity of the gut microbiome (3). Combining linoleate and butanoate metabolites in human colon cancer cells revealed enhanced apoptosis and reduced cell viability, paralleling the apoptosis induction observed in colon tumors from rats given long-term spinach treatment. Mechanistic studies in cell-based assays and in vivo implicated the linoleate and butanoate metabolites in targeting histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity and the interferon-g (IFN-g) signaling axis. Clinical translation of the findings from this investigation to at-risk patients might provide valuable quality-of-life benefits by delaying surgical interventions and drug therapies with adverse side effects (4,5).

The association between serum fatty acids and pregnancy in PCOS women undergoing ovulation induction

Background Long-term dietary fat intake is thought to affect metabolism and pregnancy of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients, and the type of fatty acids one consumes plays an important role. Previous studies mostly used questionnaires to analyze the type and proportion of fatty acids. Methods This prospective study included 91 PCOS patients. Serum fatty acids were measured by the gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry method before ovulation induction. We compared the fatty acids between the pregnancy group and the nonpregnancy group and explored the influence of the fatty acids on live births and pregnancy loss. Results Nervonic acid was lower in the pregnancy group than in the nonpregnancy group (0.25% vs. 0.30%, p = .017). The following trans-fatty acids were significantly lower in the pregnancy group than in the nonpregnancy group: trans-10-heptadecenoic acid, trans-vaccenic acid, trans-11-eicosenoic acid, and brassidic acid. The level of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the live birth group was significantly higher than the pregnancy loss group (16.95% vs. 15.10%, p = .039). Among individual PUFAs, the levels of linoleic acid (p = .043), docosapentaenoic acid (p = .024), alpha-linolenic acid (p = .042), and eicosapentaenoic acid (p = .035) were higher in the live birth group than in the pregnancy loss group. After adjusting for infertility duration, age, and body mass index, our findings suggested an inverse association between pregnancy and nervonic acid, trans-10-heptadecenoic acid, trans-vaccenic acid, trans-11-eicosenoic acid, and brassidic acid and pregnancy. Conclusions Our findings indicate that polyunsaturated fatty acids are associated with live birth in PCOS patients. Serum trans-fatty acids and nervonic acid might be risk factors for nonpregnancy. The mechanism of the influence of different fatty acids on pregnancy and live birth merits further exploration.

Cumulative Consumption of Sulfur Amino Acids and Risk of Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study

Cross-sectional studies have suggested that consumption of sulfur amino acids (SAAs), including methionine and cysteine, is associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in humans and with T2D-related biomarkers in animals. But whether higher long-term SAA intake increases the risk of T2D in humans remains unknown. We aimed to investigate the association between long-term dietary SAA intake and risk of T2D. We analyzed data collected from 2 different cohorts of the Framingham Heart Study, a long-term, prospective, and ongoing study. The Offspring cohort (1991-2014) included participants from fifth through ninth examinations, and the Third-Generation cohort (2002-2011) included participants from first and second examinations. After excluding participants with a clinical history of diabetes, missing dietary data, or implausible total energy intake, 3222 participants in the Offspring cohort and 3205 participants in the Third-Generation cohort were included. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated FFQ. The relations between energy-adjusted total SAA (methionine and cysteine) intake or individual SAA intake (in quintiles) and risk of incident T2D were estimated via Cox proportional hazards models after adjusting for dietary and nondietary risk factors. Associations across the 2 cohorts were determined by direct combination and meta-analysis. During the 23 y of follow-up, 472 participants reported a new diagnosis of T2D in the 2 cohorts. In the meta-analysis, the HRs of T2D comparing the highest with the lowest intake of total SAAs, methionine, and cysteine were 1.8 (95% CI: 1.3, 2.5), 1.7 (95% CI: 1.2, 2.3), and 1.4 (95% CI: 1.0, 2.1), respectively. The association of SAA intake with T2D was attenuated after adjusting animal protein intake in sensitivity analyses. Our findings show that excess intake of SAAs is associated with higher risk of T2D. Dietary patterns that are low in SAAs could help in preventing T2D.

Dietary Isorhamnetin Intake Is Associated with Lower Blood Pressure in Coronary Artery Disease Patients.

Recent studies suggest the positive role of flavonols on blood pressure (BP) values, although there are not many conducted on humans. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between flavonol intake and their main sources of consumption, and systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) BP values in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. forty CAD patients completed a food-frequency questionnaire dedicated to flavonol-intake assessment. The analysis revealed significant correlation between isorhamnetin intake and SBP values-absolute (R: -0.36; 95% CI: -0.602 to -0.052; p = 0.02), and related to body mass (R: -0.38; 95% CI: -0.617 to -0.076; p = 0.02. This effect was observed in male participants (R: -0.65; 95% CI: -0.844 to -0.302; p = 0.001 and R: -0.63; 95% CI: -0.837 to -0.280; p = 0.002 respectively), but not in female patients. The main contributors were onions, tomatoes, blueberries, apples, tea, coffee and wine. White onion (R: -0.39; 95% CI: -0.624 to -0.088; p = 0.01) consumption was inversely correlated with SBP, and tomato consumption (R: -0.33; 95% CI: -0.581 to -0.020; p = 0.04) with DBP. The comparison between patients with BP < 140 mmHg and ≥140 mmHg revealed significant differences in white onion (p = 0.01) and blueberry (p = 0.04) intake. This study revealed the relationship between long-term dietary isorhamnetin intake and SBP values. The analysis of specific food intake showed that onion, tomato and blueberry consumption could impact BP values. This may suggest that a dietary approach which includes a higher intake of isorhamnetin-rich products could possibly result in BP lowering in CAD patients.

Relationship of Circulating Vegetable Omega-3 to Prognosis in Patients With Heart Failure

BackgroundThere is an urgent need for cost-effective strategies to promote quality of life in patients with heart failure (HF). Several studies reported benefits in HF prognosis for marine omega-3 fatty acids and plant-based dietary patterns. ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to explore whether dietary alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), the main plant omega-3, relates to a better HF prognosis. MethodsALA was determined in serum phospholipids (which reflect long-term dietary ALA intake and metabolism) by gas chromatography in 905 ambulatory patients with HF caused by different etiologies. ResultsAfter a median follow-up of 2.4 years (range: 0.02-3 years), 140 all-cause deaths, 85 cardiovascular (CV) deaths, and 141 first HF hospitalizations (composite of all-cause death and first HF hospitalization, n = 238) were documented. Using Cox regression analyses, we observed that, compared with patients at the lowest quartile of ALA in serum phospholipids (Q1), those at the 3 upper quartiles (Q2-Q4) exhibited a reduction in the risk of composite of all-cause death and first HF hospitalization (HR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.46-0.81). Statistically significant reductions were observed for all-cause death (HR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.41-0.82), CV death (HR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.32-0.80), first HF hospitalization (HR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.40-0.84), and the composite of CV death and HF hospitalization (HR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.42-0.79). ConclusionsHF patients with bottom 25% ALA levels in serum phospholipids had a worse prognosis during a mid-term follow-up compared with those with the highest levels. This might be a target population in whom to test dietary ALA-rich interventions to promote quality of life.

Serum and diet long-chain omega-3 fatty acid nutritional status in Chinese elite athletes.

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 PUFAs) are essential for improving the health and performance of athletes. The present study aimed to evaluate the nutritional status of omega-3 PUFAs in Chinese elite athletes by both dietary intake analysis and serum biomarker detection. A cross-sectional analysis of data from 54 elite athletes (24 men and 30 women) from Shanghai professional sports teams was conducted. A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was employed to analyze dietary intake, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) was conducted to measure serum biomarkers of PUFAs. Correlation analysis was performed to investigate the relationships of PUFA biomarkers with diet, inflammation and oxidative stress. The results showed that the median intake of EPA + DHA among athletes was 132mg/d, which is lower than the minimum value recommended by dietary guidelines (250mg/d). The average serum EPA + DHA was 4.0 ± 1.1%, and the ratio of omega-6/omega-3 was 7.7 ± 1.7. Most (96.3%) of the athletes were below the targeted value of serum EPA + DHA, which is associated with a reduction in cardiovascular risk. Correlation analysis showed that the serum EPA + DHA was positively correlated with the long-term dietary intake of EPA + DHA and negatively correlated with inflammatory markers. In conclusion, the serum circulating EPA + DHA and omega-6/omega-3 ratio are effective biomarkers reflecting the nutritional status of PUFAs in athletes. Omega-3 PUFAs have a potential effect on inhibiting inflammatory markers. Hence, it is necessary for Chinese athletes to improve their suboptimal nutritional status of PUFAs through dietary intervention.

Long-Term Excessive Dietary Phosphate Intake Increases Arterial Blood Pressure, Activates the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, and Stimulates Sympathetic Tone in Mice.

Increased dietary phosphate intake has been associated with severity of coronary artery disease, increased carotid intima–media thickness, left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), and increased cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in individuals with normal renal function as well as in patients suffering from chronic kidney disease. However, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. To further elucidate the cardiovascular sequelae of long-term elevated phosphate intake, we maintained male C57BL/6 mice on a calcium, phosphate, and lactose-enriched diet (CPD, 2% Ca, 1.25% P, 20% lactose) after weaning them for 14 months and compared them with age-matched male mice fed a normal mouse diet (ND, 1.0% Ca, 0.7% P). Notably, the CPD has a balanced calcium/phosphate ratio, allowing the effects of elevated dietary phosphate intake largely independent of changes in parathyroid hormone (PTH) to be investigated. In agreement with the rationale of this experiment, mice maintained on CPD for 14 months were characterized by unchanged serum PTH but showed elevated concentrations of circulating intact fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) compared with mice on ND. Cardiovascular phenotyping did not provide evidence for LVH, as evidenced by unchanged LV chamber size, normal cardiomyocyte area, lack of fibrosis, and unchanged molecular markers of hypertrophy (Bnp) between the two groups. However, intra-arterial catheterization revealed increases in systolic pressure, mean arterial pressure, and pulse pressure in mice fed the CPD. Interestingly, chronically elevated dietary phosphate intake stimulated the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) as evidenced by increased urinary aldosterone in animals fed the CPD, relative to the ND controls. Furthermore, the catecholamines epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine as well as the catecholamine metabolites metanephrine. normetanephrine and methoxytyramine as measured by mass spectrometry were elevated in the urine of mice on CPD, relative to mice on the ND. These changes were partially reversed by switching 14-month-old mice on CPD back to ND for 2 weeks. In conclusion, our data suggest that excess dietary phosphate induces a rise in blood pressure independent of secondary hyperparathyroidism, and that this effect may be mediated through activation of the RAAS and stimulation of the sympathetic tone.

Alterations to the duodenal microbiota are linked to gastric emptying and symptoms in functional dyspepsia

ObjectiveFunctional dyspepsia (FD) is a complex disorder, with debilitating epigastric symptoms. Evidence suggests alterations in gastrointestinal (GI) motility, visceral hypersensitivity, permeability and low-level immune activation in the duodenum may play...

Deficiency of Irx5 protects mice from obesity and associated metabolic abnormalities.

Obesity, a leading cause of several metabolic abnormalities, is mainly caused by imbalanced energy homeostasis. IRX3 and IRX5 have been suggested as genetic determinants of obesity in connection with the intronic variants of the FTO gene, the strongest genetic risk factor of polygenic obesity in humans. Although the causal effects of Irx3 and its cooperation with Irx5 in obesity and associated metabolic abnormalities have been demonstrated in vivo, the function of Irx5 in energy homeostasis remains unclear. Here we aim to decipher the actions of Irx5 in the regulation of obesity and metabolic abnormalities. We employed a mouse model homozygous for an Irx5-knockout (Irx5KO) allele and determined its metabolic phenotype in the presence or absence of a high-fat diet challenge. To investigate the function of Irx5 in the regulation of energy homeostasis, adipose thermogenesis and hypothalamic leptin response were assessed, and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) in the hypothalamic arcuate-median eminence (ARC-ME) was conducted. Irx5KO mice were leaner and resistant to diet-induced obesity as well as associated metabolic abnormalities, primarily through loss of adiposity. Assessments of energy expenditure and long-term dietary intake revealed that an increase in basal metabolic rate with adipose thermogenesis and a reduction of food intake with improved hypothalamic leptin response in Irx5KO mice may contribute to the anti-obesity effects. Utilizing scRNA-seq and marker gene analyses, we demonstrated the number of ARC-ME neurons was elevated in Irx5KO mice, suggesting a direct role for Irx5 in hypothalamic feeding control. Our study demonstrates that Irx5 is a genetic factor determining body mass/composition and obesity and regulates both energy expenditure and intake.

Effects of Dietary Allitol on Body Fat Accumulation in Rats.

Allitol is a rare sugar alcohol obtained by reducing d-allulose (d-psicose). However, information on the effects of long-term dietary allitol intake is limited. This study aimed to investigate the effect of allitol supplementation, as a sugar substitute, on body fat accumulation in rats compared with sucrose, rare sugar d-allulose, or erythritol. Thirty-two male Wistar rats (3 wk old) were fed experimental diets including 5% sucrose, allitol, erythritol, or d-allulose for 8 wk ad libitum. Weight gain, food intake, and food efficiency did not differ among the groups. The total body fat mass and percentage, and intra-abdominal adipose tissue weights were significantly lower in rats fed with the allitol diet than in those fed with the sucrose diet. These body fat indicators tended to be lower in rats fed with the erythritol and d-allulose diets than in those fed with the sucrose diet, but there was no significant difference. The serum glucose-lowering effect obtained in rats fed with the d-allulose diet did not appear in rats fed with the allitol diet. These results suggest that the anti-obesity effect of allitol may be equal to or greater than that of d-allulose.

Red blood cell omega-3 fatty acids and attention scores in healthy adolescents

Omega-3 fatty acids are critical for brain function. Adolescence is increasingly believed to entail brain vulnerability to dietary intake. In contrast to the abundant research on the omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in cognition, research on DHA and attention in healthy adolescents is scarce. In addition, the role of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), the vegetable omega-3 fatty acid, is unexplored. We examined associations between DHA and ALA and attention function among a healthy young population. In this cross-sectional study conducted in 372 adolescents (13.8 ± 0.9 years-old), we determined the red blood cell proportions of DHA and ALA by gas chromatography (objective biomarkers of their long-term dietary intake) and measured attention scores through the Attention Network Test. We constructed multivariable linear regression models to analyze associations, controlling for known confounders. Compared to participants at the lowest DHA tertile (reference), those at the highest DHA tertile showed significantly lower hit reaction time-standard error (higher attentiveness) (28.13 ms, 95% confidence interval [CI] = – 52.30; – 3.97), lower hit reaction time ( – 38.30 ms, 95% CI = – 73.28; – 3.33) and lower executive conflict response ( – 5.77 ms, 95% CI = – 11.44; – 0.09). In contrast, higher values were observed in those at the top tertile of ALA in hit reaction time compared to the lowest one (46.14 ms, 95% CI = 9.90; 82.34). However, a beneficial association was observed for ALA, with decreasing impulsivity index across tertiles. Overall, our results suggest that DHA (reflecting its dietary intake) is associated with attention performance in typically developing adolescents. The role of dietary ALA in attention is less clear, although higher blood levels of ALA appear to result in lower impulsivity. Future intervention studies are needed to determine the causality of these associations and to better shape dietary recommendations for brain health during the adolescence period.

Folate intake and incident chronic kidney disease: a 30-year follow-up study from young adulthood to midlife

The relation of long-term dietary folate intake with incident chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains uncertain. We aimed to investigate the association between dietary folate intake and incident CKD in a 30-y follow-up study from young adulthood to midlife. A total of 4038 American adults aged 18-30 y and without reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were enrolled in 1985-1986 and monitored until 2015-2016 in the CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) study. Diet was assessed by a validated dietary history questionnaire at baseline, in 1992-1993, and in 2005-2006. The primary outcome was incident CKD, defined as an eGFR <60 mL · min-1 · 1.73 m-2 or a urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) ≥30 mg/g. The secondary outcomes included 1) incident decreased eGFR, defined as an eGFR <60 mL · min-1 · 1.73 m-2, and 2) incident albuminuria, defined as an ACR ≥30 mg/g. During the follow-up, 642 (15.9%) participants developed CKD. Overall, there was a significant L-shaped relation of dietary folate with incident CKD after adjustment for potential confounders. Compared with the lowest quintile of total folate intake, the multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CIs) in quintiles 2-5 for incident CKD were 0.69 (0.56, 0.85), 0.35 (0.27, 0.45), 0.34 (0.26, 0.45), and 0.39 (0.30, 0.51), respectively. Similar results were found for the secondary outcomes. Moreover, the L-shaped association was confirmed in a subset of the cohort (n = 1462) with serum folate measured at baseline, in 1992, and in 2000. Higher folate intake in young adulthood was longitudinally associated with a lower incidence of CKD later in life. Additional studies are warranted to establish the causal inference.

Abstract 5815: Metabolomics in an Apc-mutant genetic background: Mechanistic insights from acute vs. chronic spinach intake

Abstract There is growing interest in the crosstalk between the gut microbiome, metabolomic features, and disease pathogenesis. Colorectal cancer is a major health burden worldwide, linked in part to modifiable risk factors associated with diet and lifestyle (1). The current investigation compared long-term (26 week) and acute (3 day) dietary spinach intake in a genetic model of colorectal cancer. Metabolomic analyses in the polyposis in rat colon (Pirc) model and in wildtype animals corroborated key contributions to anticancer outcomes by spinach-derived linoleate bioactives and a butanoate metabolite linked to increased α-diversity of the gut microbiome (2). Combining linoleate and butanoate metabolites in human colon cancer cells revealed enhanced apoptosis and reduced cell viability, paralleling the apoptosis induction observed in colon tumors from rats given long-term spinach treatment. Mechanistic studies indicated reactivation of immune-associated major histocompatibility complex genes in cell-based assays and in vivo, plus differential roles of the metabolites in targeting Wnt/β-catenin signaling (3). Clinical translation of the findings from this investigation to at-risk patients might provide valuable quality-of-life benefits by delaying surgical interventions and drug therapies with adverse side effects (4,5).

Red Blood Cell DHA Is Inversely Associated with Risk of Incident Alzheimer's Disease and All-Cause Dementia: Framingham Offspring Study.

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) might help prevent Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Red blood cell (RBC) status of DHA is an objective measure of long-term dietary DHA intake. In this prospective observational study conducted within the Framingham Offspring Cohort (1490 dementia-free participants aged ≥65 years old), we examined the association of RBC DHA with incident AD, testing for an interaction with APOE-ε4 carriership. During the follow-up (median, 7.2 years), 131 cases of AD were documented. In fully adjusted models, risk for incident AD in the highest RBC DHA quintile (Q5) was 49% lower compared with the lowest quintile (Q1) (Hazard ratio [HR]: 0.51, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.27, 0.96). An increase in RBC DHA from Q1 to Q5 was predicted to provide an estimated 4.7 additional years of life free of AD. We observed an interaction DHA × APOE-ε4 carriership for AD. Borderline statistical significance for a lower risk of AD was observed per standard deviation increase in RBC DHA (HR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.51, 1.00, p = 0.053) in APOE-ε4 carriers, but not in non-carriers (HR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.65, 1.11, p = 0.240). These findings add to the increasing body of literature suggesting a robust association worth exploring dietary DHA as one strategy to prevent or delay AD.

Association of Long-Term Dietary Intake and Gastric Myoelectric Activity in Adults with Obesity

ObjectivesTo investigate the association of long-term dietary intakes and gastric myoelectric activity (GMA) in adults with obesity vs controls.MethodsA total of 115 adults (18–60 y); 53 controls (BMI <29.90 kg/m2) and 62 patients with obesity (BMI > 30.00 kg/m2) were studied. All were free of any gastric problems. Control and cases were subdivided according to BMI into normal-weight (NW, n = 24), overweight (OW, n = 29), obesity (OB, n = 41), and morbid obesity (MO, n = 21). The protocol has IRB approval No: 20/0908/IRB. The dietary assessment has been assessed by the 2-days multiple passes 24-h recall. Then the food processor software (ESHA, USA) was used for the dietary analysis. The multichannel electrogastrography (EEG) with water load test was used to measure the GMA in the fasting state for 10 mins, and for 30 mins after water loading (3CPM-EGG, USA). The average dominant frequency (ADF) was used for analysis.ResultsPatients with MO have larger stomachs than in the NW and OB groups. The ADF was significantly lower in the MO group compared to the OB group at 10 and 20-mins indicating a state of bradygastria. Compared to the NW group, dietary composition analysis showed significant differences in obesity groups regarding the total caloric intake, carbohydrates, protein, fats, saturated fats, and fibers. The early post-prandial ADF had a positive correlation with the total caloric, carbohydrate, fiber, and fat intakes (r = 0.32, 0.32, 0.29, 0.30, respectively, n = 53, p < 0.05) in controls. A +ve correlation between ADF-30 and protein intake (r = 0.331, p < 0.05). in contrast, the ADF of the obese group did not show any significant correlations with the total caloric intake, fat, protein, and carbohydrate intake. Interestingly, ADF showed a positive correlation with total fiber intake at different time intervals in the obesity group. (ADF-20, ADF-30, ADF-40 r = 0.33, 0.38, 0.29, respectively, n = 62, p < 0.05). In contrast ADF-20 showed −ve association with the caffeine in obesity group (r = − 0.27, n = 62, p < 0.05).ConclusionsAssociation of ADF of the GMA with dietary intakes was evident and showed a distinctive pattern in the obese and controls.Funding SourcesThis project was funded by the National Plan for Science, Technology, and Innovation (MAARIFAH), King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Project No: 2-17-03-001-0060.

Long-Term High Dietary Diversity Maintains Good Physical Function in Chinese Elderly: A Cohort Study Based on CLHLS from 2011 to 2018.

(1) Objective: This study aimed to explore the correlation between dietary factors and physical function in Chinese elderly. (2) Methods: A cohort study was conducted on the association of long-term dietary intake status with physical function in older people based on the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) from 2011 to 2018. The physical function of the subjects was judged according to the scores of basic activities of daily living (BADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). The dietary diversity score was established according to the intake frequency of the food groups, and the dietary pattern score was obtained by factor analysis. The associations between dietary factors and functional impairment was investigated by logistic regressions. (3) Results: A total of 2282 subjects were included in our cohort study, 458 and 1439 of whom had BADL limitation and IADL limitation, respectively. The risk of functional impairment decreased in the consistent high dietary diversity groups compared with the consistent low dietary diversity group (p < 0.05). The fruit-egg-milk pattern, vegetable-meat-fish pattern, and condiment and tea pattern reduced the risk of functional impairment (p < 0.05). (4) Conclusions: Long-term maintenance of high dietary diversity and increasing total dietary intake can help maintain good physical function of Chinese elderly.

Abstract P212: Circulating And Tissue Omega-3 Fatty Acid Biomarkers And Incident Atrial Fibrillation: An Individual Participant-level Pooled Analysis Of Prospective Studies

Background: Evidence for the role of omega-3 fatty acids in the prevention of atrial fibrillation (AF) remain inconsistent, with some recent RCTs even suggesting possible harm. Whether long-term dietary intake of these fatty acids, as assessed using objective biomarkers, is related to AF is not known. Aims: To prospectively evaluate circulating and tissue levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and the sum of EPA and DHA (also known as the omega-3 index), with respect to incident AF. Methods: We used data from a global consortium of 13 prospective cohort studies with measurements of EPA, DPA, or DHA in adults (age≥18) identified through March 2021. Participating studies conducted de novo participant-level analyses using a prespecified analytical plan with harmonized definitions for exposures, outcomes, covariates, and subgroups. Associations were pooled using inverse-variance weighted meta-analysis. Results: Among 45,910 participants, a total of 6,229 incident cases of AF were ascertained, with median follow-up ranging from 0.9 to 29.1 years. In the multivariable analysis, per interquintile range (difference between the 90 th and 10 th percentiles for each fatty acid), DPA, DHA, and EPA+DHA ( Figure 1 ) were associated with 11%, 13%, and 9% lower incidence of AF, respectively ( P &lt;0.01 for each). EPA levels were not associated with incident AF. Heterogeneity as measured using I 2 ranged from 0% for DPA to 56.7% for EPA+DHA. Associations were broadly consistent irrespective of baseline cardiovascular risk, global region, age, sex, or lipid fraction. Conclusion: Biomarkers of omega-3 fatty acids including DPA, DHA, and EPA+DHA demonstrated an inverse association with incident AF. In the absence of RCTs examining long-term dietary omega-3 intake and AF risk, our results do not suggest that higher levels of these fatty acids are associated with harm.

Validity and Reproducibility of a Semiquantitative Multiple-Choice Food Frequency Questionnaire in Iranian Adults.

Previous multiple-choice food-based food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) were not validated against weighed dietary records (WDRs) in Iran. This study investigated the validity and reproducibility of a multiple-choice semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQ-FFQ) in adults living in central Iran. Patients with diabetes and their spouses were asked to complete 3 SQ-FFQs by interview, and nine 3-day WDRs, over 9 months. They provided 2 blood samples to assess serum calcium, magnesium, zinc, and vitamin C levels. The Pearson and intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated to assess reproducibility and validity. The degree of misclassification was explored using a contingency table of quartiles which compare the information between third FFQ and WDRs. The method of triads was incorporated to assess validity coefficients between estimated intakes using third FFQ, WDRs, and biochemical markers and assumed true intakes. A total of 180 participants aged 48.9 ± 8.4 years completed the study. Compared to WDRs, FFQs overestimated all nutrient intakes except for iron. The median intraclass correlation between FFQs was 0.56. The median de-attenuated, age, sex, and education adjusted partial correlation coefficients for validity were 0.17 and 0.26 for FFQ1-WDRs and FFQ3-WDRs, respectively. The FFQ3 validity coefficients for vitamin C, calcium, magnesium, and zinc were 0.13, 0.62, 0.89, and 0.66, respectively, using the triads method. The median exact agreement and complete disagreement between FFQ3 and WDRs were 33% and 6%, respectively. The SQ-FFQ seems to be an acceptable tool to assess the long-term dietary intake for future large-scale studies in this population.

Effects of ketogenic diet on cognitive functions of mice fed high-fat-high-cholesterol diet

Long-term dietary intake of elevated levels of refined sugars, fats and cholesterols is among the factors causing cognitive impairment. Ketone bodies can be used as an alternative energy source when glucose is not available. The study investigated the effects of a ketogenic diet (medium chain triglyceride, MCT) on cognitive performance after a long-term consumption of a high-fat-high-cholesterol diet using a mice model. Seventy eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were fed an HFHC diet for 16 weeks to establish a model of an HFHC dietary pattern, before receiving intervention diets containing MCT diet or with Metformin for another 8 weeks in the second part of the experiment. Spatial learning, memory performance, and cortical and hippocampal protein expression levels were assessed. After consuming the HFHC diet for 16 weeks and subsequently receiving the MCT diet for 8 weeks, results showed that the mice fed a MCT diet had significantly better spatial learning and memory performance, lower expression of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), amyloid protein precursor (APP) and phosphate tau, and higher expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) than the mice fed the HFHC diet. Long-term consumption of an HFHC diet caused a decline in cognitive functions and increased the risk factors for neurodegeneration, such as BBB permeability, neuropathy and inflammation. An MCT diet can be considered as an option for slowing down the early stage of neurodegeneration in mice.