Long-term Crisis Research Articles

Synergy of Neoliberalism, Alternative Institutions and Transitional Crisis

The subject of this paper is a critique of the quasi-neoliberal violence of alternative institutions, which are the most problematic and most threatening brake phenomenon of transition. They have been produced, strengthened and reproduced by the authorities of most post-socialist countries in the last three decades. The aim of this paper is to demystify neoliberalism, its ideological, philosophical, and monistic absolutizations, as well as quasi-neoliberal manifestations, which in many post-socialist countries were carried out directly under the auspices of alternative institutions. Also, the goal is to shed light on the causes of the long-term crisis, chaos, institutional violence, and lawlessness, and to enable the recognition of too visible (albeit blurred), rhetorical and “messianic” recipes, which are, in fact, developmental shackles. The paper is based on two hypotheses: first, that alternative institutions have abused and enslaved formal and informal institutions in most transition countries, which has led to numerous economic and social problems, including threats to the rule of law, freedoms, and civilizational development, and second, that a transitional hindering mechanism was created, which generated a neo-exploitative, apologetic, neo-totalitarian and crisis environment. The paper uses common methods of social and economic sciences, including the methods of generalization, description, abstraction, comparison, induction and deduction. In conclusion, it is stated that the phenomenological identification and critical demystification of the interest connections and conditioning of neoliberalism, alternative institutions, and the crisis have been carried out, and that their exponents (alleged reformers and new elites) had an extremely negative impact on social, economic, scientific, educational, cultural and institutional development, because they degraded and destroyed them.

RISK OF HEALTH TOURISM AND REHABILITATION SEGMENT IN SERBIA DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

The Covid-19 pandemic has caused global changes that have affected the health sector, the economic sector, the social sector, as well as the sectors of interpersonal and social relations. Although health systems have become at the forefront of defense against the virus, other health sectors that focus on chronic diseases, new diseases, monitoring, rehabilitation, and various other forms of treatment have been put on the agenda. Unfortunately, the same fate befell the health tourism and rehabilitation sector. The problem can also be defined in the fact that the rehabilitation of insured persons who are entitled to it through the National Health Insurance Fund is carried out to a much lesser extent. The spa centers of Serbia were in the red zone of the covid system on two occasions during 2020-2021, which affected the complete absence of rehabilitation. After returning to the basic system of work, due to security measures that primarily have a physical distance, the capacities are significantly reduced. New expectations in tourism will require new standards, and the same will apply to health tourism and rehabilitation as its important sector. Although tourism has often fallen into crisis in recent decades and required the action of crisis management, it was still short-lived about the state of the Covid-19 pandemic. The Covid-19 pandemic will require long-term crisis management. What is the path to recovery, and will we go back to the old way?

From Crisis to Growth: A Guiding, Pragmatic Model During a Global Pandemic

We draw on articles about adaptive leadership during a sustained crisis, 8 and on theories for promoting a growth mindset for leaders, faculty, and trainees At the individual level, adopting a growth mindset is important to prepare leaders, faculty, and trainees for ongoing work and future crises - Kurt Lewin 1 T he COVID-19 pandemic has changed individuals and health care institutions and is testing the graduate medical education (GME) community's collective adaptability and potential for growth under adversity and uncertainty Woodson Scott Jones, MD Ingrid Philibert, PhD, MA, MBA Lyuba Konopasek, MD Frederic W Hafferty, PhD There is nothing as practical as a good theory [Extracted from the article] Copyright of Journal of Graduate Medical Education is the property of Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use This abstract may be abridged No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract (Copyright applies to all Abstracts )

Reconnecting to nature amidst crisis: harnessing capacities and mobilities for livelihood and land transformations in the Greek back-to-the-land trend

The 2008 Greek crisis has resulted in unexpected social-ecological transformations, including a back-to-the-land trend whereby people seek to reconnect to land-based activities. While it's been theorized that back-to-the-land trends contribute to enhancing people's resilience and may play a role in the growth of sustainable farming and rural revitalization, much remains unknown regarding the processes involved. Based on a qualitative and quantitative analysis of 76 interviews of Greek back-to-the-landers, this article provides an in-depth assessment of the resources mobilized to go back-to-the-land as well as livelihood and land management outcomes. This article argues that using a livelihood approach contributes to further understanding counterurbanisation and back-to-the-land movements by shedding light on how people transform their livelihoods. The article posits that back-to-the-land trends need to be approached as livelihood transformations that are linked to a diverse set of mobilities and assets, rather than solely a migration process. The research shows that the Greek back-to-the-land trend is not homogeneous, ranging from subsistence to market-oriented small-scale farms and involves both rural and urban spaces; yet it is mostly ‘invisible’ to the State. These different types of back-to-the-land strategies reflect different initial starting points and may shift once capacity is acquired, illustrating the dynamic nature of back-to-the-land transformations. For instance, people with limited initial land knowledge experimented on urban plots before farming in rural areas. Most opted to engage in small-scale organic farming, hinting at the importance of the back-to-land trend for the growth of sustainable food systems in Greece. While going back-to-the-land helped households cope with crisis, there were limits to their ability to make a living and enhance their capacity without external support, especially in the context of a long-term crisis. Different back-to-the-land strategies require targeted support at different stages to ensure their viability and long-term sustainability.

Battling the COVID-19 pandemic: Intermountain’s new paradigm of emergency planning

The aim of this paper is to highlight complications surrounding the worldwide epidemic and to provide several scripts for surviving it. The scope of this paper is to provide insights into five-dimensional survival strategies: (1) expediting, (2) product substitution, (3) conservation, (4) reconditioning and (5) innovation. Relying on all five of these strategies will increase the probability that there will be something in the clinician’s hands while caring for patients. In addition to these strategies, using a cross-functional, coordinated, daily huddle to facilitate communication and share a personal protective equipment (PPE)/Commodities dashboard will prove to build resiliency during a long-term crisis.

Формування підходів до оборонного планування на основі спроможностей з урахуванням ресурсного забезпечення

Ukraine's focus on the Euro-Atlantic course necessitates the need to bring defense planning closer to NATO standards. Capability-based planning (hereinafter – CBP) is one of the approaches to defense planning, which features the development of defense forces' capabilities to effectively counter threats and risks of both military and non-military nature, taking into account probable long-term crisis scenarios, usually 10-15 years. As Ukraine has decided on the priority of joining NATO, the analysis of the peculiarities of the use of the CBP for the development of its own defense forces becomes even more important.The content of planning the development of the Armed Forces of Ukraine on the basis of capabilities consists of a set of measures carried out according to common principles and standards in order to timely form, prepare and apply in operations the relevant capabilities. This is achieved through the implementation of several interrelated steps: analysis of strategic guidelines (goals) and political strategy of the state; work on of situation variants (scenarios of application of the Armed Forces); defining tasks for troops (forces) in accordance with possible application scenarios; determination of requirements to the capabilities of troops (forces) for a certain period; identification of capacity gaps; search and justification of decisions on the optimal allocation of resources.The basis for calculating the cost of maintaining a set of capacity carriers for the current year may be the share of the life cycle cost of the capacity carrier for the planning year of its total value, or a pre-planned total cost of maintenance for a particular year. By definition, the cost of a carrier's life cycle is the total cost of its development, preparation for adoption, acquisition, maintenance and operation, and disposal.After developing a variant of the projected amount of financing (resource provision) of the defense forces during the forecast years, the effectiveness of the development of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other components of the defense forces for the medium term is assessed.

Understanding global land degradation processes interacted with complex biophysics and socioeconomics from the perspective of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (1982–2015)

Abstract In recent decades, the world has been suffering from a severe crisis of land degradation. To combat this, a scientific understanding of global land degradation processes based on empirical evidence is needed. However, a complete study of how the global land degradation processes operate within complex biophysics and socioeconomics is lacking. Depending on the latest Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) time-series (1982–2015) as a surrogate measure of land degradation, this study uses linear regression and correlation analyses to provide valuable insight into the degradation processes as well as their underlying drivers. We found that a dynamic trend is more capable of objectively and accurately describing the underlying status of land degradation compared to a static pattern. Globally, the area interchanges between the degradation and improvement trends over short terms indicate that the long-term crisis of land degradation is not completely reversed. Meanwhile, either inter-annual rain variability or atmospheric fertilization affects the degradation processes to varying degrees at the regional rather than the global scale. Thus, we concluded that the irregular processes of global land degradation are collectively driven by related biophysical attributes interacting with local socioeconomics in different areas and years. Finally, a number of hotspot areas with degradation risks or improvement opportunities can be targeted accordingly.

Institutional peculiarities of agricultural technoparks formation in Russia

The article is devoted to institutional features of agricultural technoparks as a new form of scientific and industrial cooperation in agriculture, possessing system interrelation with steady development of rural territories, export of agricultural production and possibilities of a conclusion of a domestic agrarian science on world level of researches. Long-term crisis manifestations in Russian agriculture in recent years have only been purchased quantitatively, mainly due to the winning conjuncture of export markets, but not overcome qualitatively, which retains its main disproportions and related risks. The given crisis phenomena are considered in article as system which subsystems are agrarian science, state support of agricultural commodity producers, development and financing of rural territories. These three interrelated and interdependent problems, on the one hand, presented by the crisis of overproduction of budget-funded scientific research in agriculture, and by the crisis of profitability of agricultural production, on the other hand, by the crisis of budget financing of rural areas, can be comprehensively solved through the creation of agricultural technology parks as a means and mechanism for the development of continuous scientific and production cooperation in agriculture and its digital transformation.

Role of Ashuganj Power Station Company limited to increase capacity development and energy efficiency of Bangladesh

Bangladesh is gradually marching towards a severe energy crisis, what with an ever- increasing demand of energy overstepping its supply. Bangladesh as a developing country, the demand of energy is increasing with a higher ramp rate than many other countries of the world. To meet up the increasing demand of this country, Ashuganj Power Station Company Limited (APSCL) has taken a lot of development projects and many are in pipeline. As we all know, Bangladesh is running out of indigenous natural gas, Government of Bangladesh (GOB) to think about alternative sources of fuel in near future. In this regard coal and renewable energy can be the best solution to meet energy crisis in long term. Considering the facts Ashuganj Power Station Company Limited is also stepping ahead to increase its capacity while keeping the generation maximum by proper operation, maintenance and overhauling the existing units.

Travel Through Time: From 9/11 to COVID-19, Parallel Predictive Analysis of Travel Marketing

The events of 9/11 drastically changed the state of the nation across many industry sectors, with the tourism industry among those most affected. Following that horrific day, the nation experienced heightened security measures and protocol, such that the travel industry and travelers would never look the same. People were fearful and anxious, and the tourism industry had to take quick, effective measures to evaluate the consumer response, set a marketing strategy, and promote within a changed national ethos and expectations. COVID-19 is a similar catastrophic, global, and long-term crisis that set our nation on a similarly drastic change in practice and protocol; fear and anxiety were higher than ever. COVID-19 and 9/11 are highly comparable in their market response. By comparing the two events and analyzing the consumer response and advertising messaging, specifically during the stay at home order, a theme and direction for messaging within the travel industry post-COVID-19 can be predicted based on the culture and spirit of The American Dream, confidence in safety, we are in this together, support local tourism, explore your city in a new way, and connect with those you missed. KEYWORDS: COVID-19; 9/11; Post-pandemic; Advertising; Travel; Prediction; Messaging; Consumer Response; Marketing; Analysis

Female Imprisonment: An Ethnography of Everyday Life in ConfinementC.Frois. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan (2017) 231pp. £109.99hb ISBN 978‐3‐319‐63684‐9

Female Imprisonment: An Ethnography of Everyday Life in ConfinementC.Frois. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan (2017) 231pp. £109.99hb ISBN 978‐3‐319‐63684‐9

ІМПЕРАТИВИ СТАЛОГО РОЗВИТКУ ПРОМИСЛОВИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ ЗАЛІЗНИЧНОГО ТРАНСПОРТУ ЯК ОСНОВА ІНТЕНСИФІКАЦІЇ УПРАВЛІННЯ ЇХ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЮ ПОВЕДІНКОЮ В УМОВАХ НЕОІНДУСТРІАЛЬНОЇ МОДЕРНІЗАЦІЇ

The research findings have revealed that in modern realia, most of industrial enterprises of railway transport are facing a phase of stagnation through a range of factors, the most essential of them are: low investment level, lack of sustainable economic growth trends as well as ineffective resource allocation. It is argued that to address the above issues and boost scientific, technological and socioeconomic growth, there is a critical need to build a methodological framework for assessing factors and possibilities of overcoming stagnation and transitioning to sustainable development by implementing intensification of economic behavior management in the context of neoindustrial modernization. The imperative for sustainable scientific, technological and socioeconomic development of industrial enterprises of railway transport offers new challenges and triggers a design of a new conceptual framework to select strategic development trajectories and identify critical factors for long-term crisis recovery – all that supports the relevance of the research. To attain the goals set, the study has identified measures to address the issues of sustainable scientific, technological and socioeconomic development of industrial enterprises of railway transport along with considering the stages in the process of achieving the research agenda. The findings also explore the stages of the sustainable development concept for railway transport enterprises and present economic models of sustainable development of industrial enterprises of railway transport to intensify enterprise economic behavior management in the context of neoindustrial modernization.

De caos sistêmico e de crise civilizatória: tensões territoriais em curso

Nesse artigo refletimos sobre o atual momento histórico-civilizatório que vivemos. Trata-se de um período histórico em crise, mas de uma crise que vai além da crise do capitalismo enquanto crise civilizatória. Trata-se de um período de caos sistêmico ou de crise de um padrão de poder/saber que nos governa há 500 anos. Portanto de uma crise de larga duração. As bases em que se sustentavam esse padrão de poder/saber – a dominação da natureza e de todos os grupos sociais que à natureza são assimilados – os indígenas/selvagens, os negros, as mulheres, os que operam com as mãos sejam proletários ou camponeses – começam a ser abertamente questionados por aqueles que, apesar de lutarem a mais de 500 anos, só agora pós 1950/1960 começam a ter voz. Reinventam, assim, suas relações com a natureza e a cultura, com o conceito de território desnaturalizando-o. Assim, diante de um dos mais intensos processos expropriatórios que a humanidade jamais viveu, como nos últimos 50 anos, emergem outras referências teórico-políticas sinalizando que estamos diante de outros horizontes de sentido não eurocêntricos.

Challenges, Concerns, and Perspectives for Poland's Energy Transition during Global COVID-19 Pandemic

The whole world is currently struggling with one of the most disastrous pandemics to hit in modern times – Covid-19. Individual national governments, the WHO and worldwide media organisations are appealing for humanity to universally stay at home, to limit contact and to stay safe in the ongoing fight against this unseen threat. Economists are concerned about the devastating effect this will have on the markets and possible outcomes. One of the countries suffering from potential destruction of this situation is Poland. In this article we will explain how difficult internal energy transformation is, considering the long-term crisis associated with the extraction and usage of coal, the European Green Deal and current discussion on increasing the EU 2030 climate ambitions. In the face of an ongoing pandemic, the situation becomes even more challenging with each passing day.

Domain-Driven Design and Soft Systems Methodology as a Framework to Avoid Software Crises

Crisis is considered to be an issue concerning complex systems like societies, organizations or even families. It can be defined as the situation in which the system functions poorly, the causes of the dysfunction are not immediately identified and immediate decisions need to be made. The type and the duration of a crisis may require different kinds of decision making. In a long-term crisis, when system changes may be required, the active participation of the affected people may be more important than the power and dynamics of the leadership. Software crises, in their their contemporary form as oganizational maffunctions, can still affect the viability of any organization. In this contribution we highlight the systemic aspects of a crisis, the complexity behind that and the role of systemic methodologies to explore its root causes and to design effective interventions. Our focus is on modeling as a means to simplify the complexity of the regarded phenomena and to build a knowledge consensus among stakeholders. Domain-Driven Design comes from software as an approach to deal with complex projects. It is based on models exploration in a creative collaboration between domain practitioners and solution providers. SSM is an established methodology for dealing with wicked situations. It incorporates the use of models and, along with Domain-Driven Design and other systemic methodologies can be employed to develop a common perception of the situation and a common language between interested parties in a crisis situation.

“First, Do No Harm”: Tread Carefully Where Oral History, Trauma, and Current Crises Intersect

ABSTRACT The nature of oral history fieldwork changes when it is conducted during the course of an ongoing, long-term crisis like COVID-19. One must ask what the role of the oral history practitioner is, if any, in crisis events. In what follows, I discuss this and strategies for undertaking COVID-19 projects based on my experience as director for the T. Harry Williams Center for Oral History at Louisiana State University Libraries and on models for crisis-centered oral histories. I also discuss what project managers must take into consideration with regard to the sustainability of crisis oral history projects during our current period of increasing change and political unrest.

한국의 HIV 낙인과 장기 요양 위기

본 논문은 장기 입원을 한 적이 있는 HIV 감염인들과 그들 가족의 경험을 통해 HIV의 낙인화와 그에 따른 돌봄 부재의 상황이 만들어낸 다각적 위기에 주목한다. 한국의 HIV 정책은 항레트로바이러스제 치료의 보편적 보장을 비교적 일찍 달성한 바 있지만, 질병에 대한 사회적 낙인과 차별을 해소하는 데에는 크게 실패한 바 있다. 감염인들은 여러 의료 기관에서 진료 및 입원 거부의 대상이 되어 왔으며, 특히 요양 병원에서의 입원 거부는 당사자와 가족 모두에게 심각한 고통을 안겨주고 있다. 본 논문은 장기 입원이 필요한 HIV 감염인들과 그 가족들이 어떻게 이 만성적 위기 상태를 살아왔는지를 살펴보고, 이를 통해 장기 요양 병상의 과잉 공급에도 불구하고 입원할 곳을 쉽게 찾을 수 없는 상황이 지속되는 구조적 요인을 규명한다. HIV 감염인과 그 가족들이 감내하고 있는 사회적 고통은 소수자에 대한 배제의 문제와 더불어 한국의 HIV 정책과 장기 요양 체계가 내포하고 있는 핵심적인 모순을 드러낸다. 현재의 위기 상황을 타개하기 위해서는 의료 기관 내에서 차별 금지의 원칙이 지켜져야 하며, 장기 요양 서비스의 공공성 확보가 시급히 이뤄져야 한다.

The association between international and domestic air traffic and the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak.

BackgroundThe World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the current outbreak of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) a global pandemic. Many countries are facing increasing numbers of COVID-19 cases, which are, in their origin mostly attributed to regular international flight connections with China. This study aims to investigate this relation by analyzing available data on air traffic volume and the spread of COVID-19 cases.Methodsand findings: We analyzed available data on current domestic and international passenger volume and flight routes and compared these to the distribution of domestic and international COVID-19 cases.ResultsOur data indicate a strong linear correlation between domestic COVID-19 cases and passenger volume for regions within China (r2 = 0.92, p = 0.19) and a significant correlation between international COVID-19 cases and passenger volume (r2 = 0.98, p < 0.01).ConclusionsThe number of flight routes as well as total passenger volume are highly relevant risk factors for the spread of current COVID-19. Multiple regions within Asia, as well as some in North America and Europe are at serious risk of constant exposure to COVID-19 from China and other highly infected countries. Risk for COVID-19 exposure remains relatively low in South America and Africa. If adequate measures are taken, including on-site disease detection and temporary passenger quarantine, limited but not terminated air traffic can be a feasible option to prevent a long-term crisis. Reasonable risk calculations and case evaluations per passenger volume are crucial aspects which must be considered when reducing international flights.

НЕКОТОРЫЕ ТЕНДЕНЦИИ ДЕМОГРАФИЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ СЕЛЬСКОГО РАЙОНА В XXI ВЕКЕ

Implementation of the "Concept of demographic policy of the Russian Federation for the period until 2025" and Priority national projects in health and demography helped to reduce mortality and increase birth rate. However, these processes in rural areas had their own characteristics due to the long-term systemic crisis. Purpose: to assess the state and trends in demographic development of the rural district of the Krasnoyarsk region. Material and methods. The paper uses data of the State statistics for the period 2010-2018. The main demographic indicators of the Nizhneingashsky district of the Krasnoyarsk region were studied: population size, population structure by age and gender, birth and death rates. Results. The district population has a long-term sustainable tendency towards decreasing (15.9% during the study period). It is mainly due to the migration outflow of the working – age population, the size of which decreased by 24.6 %. The district mortality rate is high (16.7‰), however, during the study period it has dropped by 30.3 %. There is an ongoing tendency towards reduction in the share of people of working ages (up to 55.9%) in the population structure, primarily due to moving to other territories, and increase in the share of the elderly and senile (up to 23.9%), which makes it possible to classify this area as the one with a very high level of demographic old age population. Analysis of indicators of the special birth rate F allows us to characterize it as low (˂ 64‰). The growth rate of this indicator added up to 20.9 % in 2013 compared to 2010, while it decreased by 45.9% from 2013 to 2018. From 2010 to 2017, the total birth rate in the Nizhneingashsky district decreased by -1.02‰ (∆b), or 7.5 %. Conclusion. The ongoing decline in the share of fertile females is the main demographic factor that has spurred the decline in the birth rate since 2013. Opening new jobs in the district will stimulate the influx of people from other territories as well as reduce the migration outflow of the working-age population, rather increasing the population then just preserving its size. Increase in the share of the working-age population of reproductive age will contribute to the increased birth rate, because it is traditionally higher in rural areas. Improving demographic situation in the district requires development of socio-economic measures aimed at stimulating the birth of the third and subsequent children.

Algorithmic Copyright Enforcement and AI: Issues and Potential Solutions through the Lens of Text and Data Mining

Although digitalization and the emergence of the Internet has caused a long-term crisis for copyright law, technology itself also seems to offer a seemingly ideal solution to the challenges of digital age: copyright has been a major use case for algorithmic enforcement from the early days of digital rights management technologies to the more advanced content recognition algorithms. These technologies identify and filter possibly infringing content automatically, effectively and often in a preventive fashion. These methods have been criticized for their shortcomings, such as the lack of transparency, bias and the possible impairment of fundamental rights. Self-learning machines and semi-autonomous AI have the potential to offer even more sophisticated and expeditious enforcement by code, however, they could also aggravate the aforementioned issues. As the EU legislator envisions to make the use of such technologies essentially obligatory for certain online content sharing service providers (via the infamous Article 17 of the directive on copyright in the digital single market), the assessment of the situation in light of future technological development has become a current topic.This paper aims to identify the main issues and potential long-term consequences of creating legislation that practically requires the employment of such filtering algorithms as well as their solutions. This paper focuses on the potential role a broad copyright exception for text and data mining could play in counterbalancing the issues associated with algorithmic enforcement.