Long-term Contraception Research Articles

Factors Influencing the Utilization of Long-Term Contraceptive Methods among Women of Reproductive Age in Ting’ang’a Location; Kiambu East District, Kenya

Factors Influencing the Utilization of Long-Term Contraceptive Methods among Women of Reproductive Age in Ting’ang’a Location; Kiambu East District, Kenya

The Correlation between Husband Support and Reproductive Age Couple Self-Efficacy in LARC Election in Choosing LARC

Husband support is a strengthening factor in choosing long-term contraceptive methods. The problem is the husband's strong influence in determining the wife’s contraception. A wife becomes more confident in herself through the positive support of her husband. This study aims to find out the correlation between the husband's support with the self-efficacy of women of childbearing age in choosing LARC. The research design used is a correlational descriptive with a cross-sectional approach. The population of LARC acceptor PUS was 42 people, sampling using proportional random sampling with 38 respondents who met the inclusion criteria. The research instrument uses husband support query sheets and self-efficacy questionnaires that have been tested for validity and reliability. The Spearman correlation test shows a correlation coefficient of 0.564 which is strongly correlated. As well as the significance level of 0.000 < 0.05, which means there is a correlation between the husband's support and PUS self-efficacy in choosing LARC. The promotional action to increase the confidence of the use of LARC is to increase the provision of information on LARC contraception.

Effect of Levonorgestrel Implant on Lactation and Infant Growth: A Review

Background: Family Planning is a way to regulate the number of children born and the spacing of pregnancies through information, education, and the use of contraceptives. Postpartum contraception is important to obtain an optimal interpregnancy interval. Postpartum contraception should be initiated early; one of which is Long-Acting Reversible Contraception (LARC). Levonorgestrel can be used to prevent pregnancy because it interferes with ovulation, implantation, and fertilization. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the efficacy and effects of using levonorgestrel implants on breastfeeding and infant growth. Methods: Primary data were in the form of research papers obtained from ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Google Scholar published from the period 2010-2018. The keywords for the searches included: “levonorgestrel”, “levonorgestrel (LNG)-releasing implant”, “levonorgestrel on lactogenesis”, “levonorgestrel on infant growth”, and “levonorgestrel on breastfeeding”, which were used alone or in combination. Results: The 20 selected articles were reviewed based on five identified phrases. Levonorgestrel subdermal implants were shown to be a good choice for women who wanted effective contraception. When used by breastfeeding mothers, levonorgestrel subdermal implants affected neither infant growth (0-1 year of age) nor lactation duration. Conclusions: Levonorgestrel subdermal implants can be effective long-term contraception. These implants are safe for breastfeeding mothers and do not affect infant growth.

Hubungan Sosial Ekonomi dengan Penggunaan Alat Kontrasepsi Jangka Panjang (MKJP) di Puskesmas Labuhan Deli Kecamatan Labuhan Deli Kabupaten Deli Serdang Kecamatan Labuhan Deli Kabupaten Deli Serdang

The use of contraception is an action that helps individuals or married couples to achieve certain objectives, avoid unwanted births, get births that are truly desired, regulate the interval between pregnancies and control the time of birth in the husband and wife relationship. The aim of this research is to determine the socio-economic relationship with the use of long-term contraceptives (MKJP) at the Labuhan Deli Community Health Center. All acceptors who visited in May-June at the Labuhan Deli Community Health Center were 39 respondents. Data analysis using univariate, bivariate analysis. The results of this study show that there is a relationship between maternal knowledge about immunization and providing complete basic immunization to babies at the Penanggalan Community Health Center, Penanggalan District, Subulussalam City in 2023. It is hoped that there will be more questions from health workers or more use of existing facilities as input. to receive information about health, especially the use of MKJP

Hepatocellular adenoma update: diagnosis, molecular classification, and clinical course.

Hepatocellular adenomas (HCA) are acquired focal liver lesions, that occur mainly in young-to-middle-aged women who are on long-term estrogen-containing contraceptives or young men after prolonged use of anabolic steroids. Furthermore, distinct underlying diseases, such as obesity, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, glycogen storage disease, etc. are considered risk factors. The 2017 Bordeaux classification, in particular Nault et al, divided HCAs into eight subtypes according to their pheno- and genotypic characteristics. This includes HCAs with hepatocyte-nuclear-factor (HNF1-alpha mutation), HCAs with β-catenin mutation, and HCAs without either of these genetic mutations, which are further subdivided into HCAs with and without inflammatory cells. HCAs should no longer be classified as purely benign without histologic workup since three of the eight subtypes are considered high-risk lesions, requiring adequate management: malignant transformation of the pure (ßex3-HCA) and mixed inflammatory/β-catenin exon 3 (ßex3-IHCA) adenomas, as well as potential bleeding of the sonic hedgehog HCA and pure (ßex7/8-HCA) and mixed inflammatory/β-catenin exon 7/8 (ßex7/8-IHCA). Elective surgery is recommended for any HCA in a male, or for any HCA exceeding 5 cm. Although MRI can classify up to 80% of adenomas, if findings are equivocal, biopsy remains the reference standard for adenoma subtype.

Utilization of Immediate Postpartum Contraception and Its Association with Interpregnancy Interval: 10-Year Experience at a Single Center.

Increasing availability of immediate postpartum long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) has added contraceptive alternatives to bilateral tubal ligation (BTL) in the immediate postpartum period. The resultant access to long-term contraception has provided patients with improved control over the timing of pregnancies. Our objective is to evaluate changes in the utilization of immediate postpartum contraceptive methods over a 10-year period and its association with interpregnancy interval (IPI). Retrospective cohort study of 36,445 patients delivered at a single academic hospital center from 2012 to 2020. Deliveries <23 weeks gestation and patients who underwent a cesarean hysterectomy or postpartum hysterectomy for obstetric indications were excluded. The primary outcome was the utilization of postpartum BTL, intrauterine devices, contraceptive implants, and Depo-Provera over the study time period. The secondary outcomes were IPI and interdelivery interval (IDI). Outcomes were compared using appropriate tests of trend. We adjusted for significant covariates as assessed in baseline characteristics. A total of 35,281 patients were included in our study. Groups were different in baseline characteristics including age, race/ethnicity, parity, BMI, insurance status, comorbidity risk, and attendance at postpartum exam. Over the study period, there was a significant difference in utilization of Depo-Provera, LARC, intrauterine device (IUD), and implant (p < 0.001). There was a significant increase in IPI (p < 0.001) and IDI (p < 0.001). We observed a significant increase in utilization of immediate postpartum LARC over the study period which corresponded to a significant increase in IPI and IDI. Our findings emphasize the importance of the availability of immediate postpartum contraception as well as its effectiveness in improving family planning options for reproductive-aged patients. We found significantly increased IPI and IDI associated with increased utilization of long-acting reversible contraceptives immediately postpartum. Our findings emphasize the importance of providers offering these options to patients as well as being comfortable initiating immediate postpartum contraception. · Immediate postpartum LARC access has increased over the past 10 years.. · Access to more methods of contraception allows patients more options for family planning.. · Increased utilization of LARC led to increased IPI and IDI..

Community Participation of the “Kampung KB” Program: Study in Malang City Year 2020

Indonesia has a significant population problem. The national population grows by a staggering 4.5 million people annually, and Malang is one example of a city experiencing this rapid growth. The government is implementing a program called "Kampung KB" to address this issue. The purpose of this research is to provide an overview of the participation of the people of “Kampung KB” Malang City. This study uses qualitative research with in-depth interviews, then analyzed using data triangulation. This research was conducted from September to December 2020. The research location was six “Kampung KB” in Malang City. The result of this research is that the implementation of “Kampung KB” in Malang City is carried out at the village level. In the “Kampung KB” there are fields, namely education, culture, social, economy, religion, environment, reproduction, protection, and love. Routine activities include service work, “Tri Bina”, long-term contraceptive methods, counseling, training and mentoring. Participation and enthusiasm of the community, which is quite good, is one of the benchmarks in developing these activities. But there is still less support from the government, especially regarding the budget for organizing “Kampung KB” activities, facilities and infrastructure such as places to hold activities in the “Kampung KB”.

Uncovering Reproductive Injustice Toward Women With Disabilities

Abstract: For centuries, the reproductive agency of women with disabilities have been challenged and often undermined by informal and formal support networks. Evidence illustrates that women with disabilities face disproportionately higher rates of reproductive violence compared to their nondisabled peers (i.e., long-term contraception or forced sterilization). However, little is known about the specific nature, type, and impact of reproductive violence on women with disabilities. This scoping review examined the literature related to the reproductive violence against women with disabilities. We used Arksey and O’Malley’s framework, and based on our inclusion criteria, 28 empirical articles were included. Most studies were published in the disciplines of health (i.e., nursing and medicine) within the North American context and used qualitative research designs. Main findings within the scoping review included themes related to imposed contraception, rationalization of sterilization, barriers to sexual and reproductive health services, and the discourses underpinning reproductive injustice toward women with disabilities. The findings of the study have implications for future disability community-based research, peer-led supports, practice guidelines for professionals, and intersectoral policy provision aiming at supporting the reproductive agency of women with disabilities.

Intrarectal Migration of an Intrauterine Device: A Case Study and Review of Literature

Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are a widely used and generally safe method of long-term contraception. However, complications such as uterine perforation and migration can occur, although they are rare. This article presents a case of a 30-year-old woman with a history of two pregnancies and deliveries, who had a copper IUD inserted two years prior during the lactation period. She was admitted with severe pelvic pain and constipation lasting for three days, without externalized gastrointestinal bleeding or vomiting. Clinical examination revealed generalized abdominal tenderness with hypogastric guarding, while laboratory tests indicated elevated inflammatory markers. Imaging studies, including abdominal ultrasound and CT scan, revealed the migration of the IUD and its partial perforation into the rectal ampulla. Emergency surgery was performed, including the repair of a rectal perforation, lateral protective colostomy, and appendectomy. The postoperative course was uneventful, and colonic continuity was restored six weeks later. This case underscores the importance of considering IUD migration in a patients presenting with abdominal pain and highlights the need for timely diagnosis and intervention to prevent serious complications. Regular follow-up and patient education on the potential risks and signs of IUD complications are essential for early detection and management.

PENYULUHAN TENTANG PENGGUNAAN METODE KONTRASEPSI JANGKA PANJANG (MKJP) PADA WANITA USIA SUBUR

Long Term Contraceptive Method (MKJP) is a contraceptive method that works for a long time and has high effectiveness in preventing pregnancy. The use of contraception is one of the effective efforts in the Family Planning Program to control fertility or suppress population growth. In its implementation, efforts are made to ensure that all contraceptive methods or devices provided or offered to the public provide optimal benefits. In choosing a method, a woman must consider various factors, including health factors, potential side effects of a method, and the consequences of unwanted pregnancy. However, contraceptive use among women at young and old ages (risk age) is much lower than for women aged 20-39 years (non-risk age). Family Planning (KB) participants are women of childbearing age (WUS), one of whom uses contraceptive methods/methods for the purpose of preventing pregnancy or better known as acceptors. This community service implementation was carried out in Kediri Village Gading Rejo Districtand followed by 25 women of childbearing age. The methods used in health education are lecture, discussion and question and answer methods using flip sheets. It can be concluded that the education day regarding the use of MKJP can increase awareness and interest among women of childbearing age to choose to use long-term contraceptive methods and understand the many benefits of using long-term contraceptive methods.

Relationship Between Age and Education of Women of Fertile Age with Participation in Long-Term Contraceptive Methods

Objective: The aim of this research is to determine the relationship between age and education and the decision of women of childbearing age (WUS) to become MKJP family planning acceptors in Mamuju District. Method: This research is quantitative research with a cross-sectional method. Data collection techniques include questionnaires. The data analysis used was univariate analysis and bivariate analysis with the chi square statistical test. Result: The results of research based on the Chi Square Test show that there is a relationship between age (p value = 0.050) and education (p value = 0.017) and MKJP family planning participation. Conclusion: The results of this study explain that there is a relationship between age, education, and WUS participation in family planning programs using long-term contraceptive methods.

Factors Influencing PUS Women on the Selection of Long-Term Contraceptive Methods (MKJP) at Puskesmas Lamno, Jaya District, Aceh Jaya Regency

Family Planning (KB) policy aims to control population growth by reducing birth rates. However, many women experience difficulty in choosing the appropriate type of contraception. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence women of childbearing age (WUS) in choosing a long-term contraceptive method (MKJP). The design of this research is an analytical survey with a cross-sectional approach. The sample for this research was 95 WUS mothers who were selected by accidental sampling. Data was collected through primary and secondary data and analyzed using the binary logistic regression test. The research results show that knowledge, attitudes, husband's support, and socio-cultural factors have a significant influence on the selection of MKJP. However, the role of health workers does not have a significant influence. This research concludes that knowledge, attitudes, husband's support, and socio-cultural factors influence the selection of MKJP, while the role of health workers has no influence. It is hoped that these results can serve as a guide for family planning service officers to improve WUS knowledge and attitudes and provide comprehensive contraception.

Determinants of Long-Term Contraceptive Method among Reproductive-Aged Women in Sulawesi Island (Data Analysis of IDHS 2017)

Introduction: Long-Term Contraceptive Methods are contraceptive methods that, once used, last for a long period, ranging from 3 years to a lifetime. LTCMs are considered highly effective compared to non-LTCMs, with a success rate above 95%. Overall, the coverage of LTCM usage in Indonesia remains low despite a noticeable increasing trend of 10.6% in 2012 and 13.2% in 2017. This coverage is far below the global average in SDGs in 2030, which was 35%, and the targets outlined in the BKKBN Strategic Plan for 2020 (25.11%) and 2024 (28.39%). Objective: The aim of this research is to identify the determinants of LTCM usage among women of reproductive age and to determine predominant the factors most associated with LTCM usage on the island of Sulawesi. Method: This cross-sectional study aims to identify the determinants of LTCM usage among reproductive-aged women in Sulawesi Island based on secondary data from the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS). The population in this study consists of all reproductive-aged women (15-49 years old) who are married and using contraception in the provinces of Southeast Sulawesi, South Sulawesi, West Sulawesi, Central Sulawesi, and North Sulawesi. The data utilized a survey with a complex sample design, and this taken into account during the analysis using weighting. The data analysis employed cox regression to estimate the prevalence ratio. Result: Out of 2,703 respondents, 519 (22.5%) were using LTCMs. Statistical tests indicated associations between predisposing factors such as age, education, occupation, knowledge about family planning (FP), number of children, and economic status, reinforcing factors like decision-making autonomy regarding FP, and supportive factors such as access to FP services and FP information media with LTCM usage among reproductive-aged women in Sulawesi Island. The most influential supportive factor was access to FP services in the government sector, with a 30.1% influence, having a 2.2 times higher likelihood of LTCM usage with a p-value of 0.001 and 95% CI 1.79 - 2.88. Conclusion: There is a relationship between predisposing factors such as age, education, occupation, knowledge about family planning (FP), number of children, and economic status, reinforcing factors influencing decision-making regarding family planning, and supportive factors of family planning service sources and media information on family planning, with the use of long-term contraceptive methods (LTCM) among women of reproductive age in Sulawesi Island. The most dominant factor associated is the supportive factor of family planning service sources in the government sector.

Strategy of local government in achieving the target of the long-term contraceptive method program in sukabumi City

Long-Term Contraceptive Method is a contraceptive that can be used for a long time, which is more than three years used to delay, minimize pregnancy, and stop fertility, which includes IUD, Implant and steady contraception, this study aims to determine the factors associated with the use of Long-Term Contraceptive Method in Sukabumi City. The purpose of this study is to determine the strategy of the Office of Population Control, Family Planning, Women's Empowerment and Child Protection (DP2KBP3A) in achieving the target of the long-term contraceptive method program in Sukabumi City. This study used descriptive qualitative methods with observational data collection techniques, interviews and documentation. Data analysis was carried out by snowball sampling technique, namely by determining informants who were initially small in number and then enlarged. The results of this study measured by strategy indicators by Mintzberg et al (2003) show that the Agency in achieving the targets of the MKJP program begins with planning, implementing and evaluating. However, in the implementation there are still some obstacles. Existing programs have helped in the process of implementing long-term contraceptive method programs. But not yet fully optimized. Therefore, it is necessary to expand the range of strategies, so that the program of long-term contraceptive methods is maximized.

Gambaran Tingkat Pengetahuan Akseptor KB dengan Pemilihan Metode Kontrasepsi Jangka Panjang di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Madurejo

The Indonesian government initiated the Family Planning Program to enhance the welfare of the population, given the high prevalence of couples of reproductive age (CRA). However, the coverage of family planning participants remains at only 57.4% of the total CRA. This research aims to provide an overview of the knowledge levels among family planning acceptors regarding the selection of long-term contraceptive methods (LTCMs) in the working area of Madurejo Health Center. Using a quantitative descriptive approach through a survey method, this study describes the knowledge levels and characteristics of LTCM selection among Madurejo Health Center's clients. The research involved a total of 60 respondents, categorized into LTCM acceptors and non-acceptors. The results indicate that the majority of respondents are aged between 21 and 35 years (46.7%), highly educated (90%), employed (78.3%), and possess a high economic status (63.3%). The most commonly chosen contraceptive methods are implants (28.3%) and IUDs (13.3%). Approximately 58.3% of respondents fall into the category of having moderate knowledge. In conclusion, the majority of family planning acceptors in the Madurejo Health Center area are individuals of reproductive age, with higher education, employment, high economic status, and moderate knowledge of long-term contraceptive methods. It is essential to continually enhance the knowledge and understanding of respondents in selecting suitable contraceptive methods.

Comparative assessment of the effects of two intrauterine systems for long-term contraception on some haematological, biochemical, and immunological markers

An intrauterine system (IUS) is a type of contraception tool that is used in order to control fertility and prevent concep¬tion in women for a long period. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of copper- versus levonorgestrel-releasing IUSs on women’s health. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study of 75 women that were randomly se¬lected (50 women that used a copper-releasing IUS and the remaining 25 that used a levonorgestrel-releasing IUS) amongst those attending out patient’s clinics at Hillah, Iraq, from March to July 2016. All women were between 18 to 46 years of age, and have had an IUS for at least three months. The measurement of serum ceruloplasmin (SCerP), haemoglobin, vitamin D (VD), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) levels was undertaken. Our results revealed that the copper-releasing IUS group has low haemoglobin and VD levels, along with high levels of SCerP and proinflammatory cytokines. One the other hand, the levonorgestrel-releasing IUS group displayed no significant changes on the above markers. We can conclude that the levonorgestrel-releasing IUS is free of any adverse effect when compared to a copper-releasing IUS, at least with regard to the parameters examined by our study.

Contraceptive knowledge, prevalence of contraception use, and the association between sex education and contraception knowledge among university students in Michigan, USA.

The danger of sexual activities among adolescents is worrisome worldwide. This study aimed to delineate total contraception knowledge of university students and the prevalence of contraceptive use, in addition to the association between sex education in school and the students' contraception knowledge. A school-based cross-sectional study was carried out. The mean total level of contraceptive knowledge was 16.53 ± 2.38, which ranged from 5 to 18. In response to which method was the most suitable for the youngsters, 36.3% responded pills, 49.2% condoms, 6.3% injection, 0.7% withdrawal, 0.5% periodic abstinence, and 5.9% other. Adjusted to sociodemographic characteristics and other confounders, students with a history of sex education in school tended to have a higher level of contraceptive knowledge than those without [AOR: 1.06; 95% CI: 0.15, 2.64]. Moreover, adjusted to the characteristics of one-night stands, students with a high level of contraceptive knowledge agreed that one-night stands were OK compared with those without the knowledge [AOR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.16, 1.13]. Although the total contraceptive knowledge was satisfactory, more attention should be paid to male students' education. Modern and long-term effective contraceptive methods had better be included in the training program.

Side Effects, Discontinuation, and Failure Rates of Copper T Intrauterine Contraceptive Device in Kano, Northern Nigeria

Abstract Context: Intrauterine contraceptive device is one of the long-term reversible contraceptives that has gained popularity over the years globally. It is a procedure that has complications which can be mild to severe and may lead to discontinuation of the method. Aims: To determine the complications, discontinuation and failure rate of IUCD in Murtala Muhammad Specialist Hospital, Kano. Study Design: Prospective cohort study. Methodology: This was a cohort study of women who had IUCD inserted at family planning clinic of Murtala Muhammad Specialist Hospital, between November 2018 and February 2019. Women were followed up for a period of 6 months to determine the complications, discontinuation, and failure rate within the period. Statistical Analysis: Microsoft Excel was used to obtain frequencies and percentages, and the data were represented using simple statistical tables. Data analysis was performed using SPSS Version 23.0. Results: Women in the age group of 30–39 years use IUCD more (64.29%) than other age group. Women of higher parity (5–9) constitute 60.71% of the clients. Complications were observed in 10 clients (17.86%). The most common complication was menorrhagia among 4 clients (7.14%): 2 clients (3.57%) developed abdominal pain and 2 (3.57%) had intermenstrual bleeding. The least complications were dyspareunia and hypomenorrhea observed in 1 client each (1.79%). Four clients opted for IUCD removal giving a discontinuation rate of 7.14%. Conclusion: Few of the clients have complications, and none become pregnant, with a low discontinuation rate indicating that IUCD is a safe and efficient contraceptive method.

Analysis Of Factors Associated with The Use of IUD in Women of Childbearing Age

The Intra-Uterine Device (IUD) stands out as one of the safest long-term contraceptives, boasting a remarkable user effectiveness rate of 99.4%. Despite this, recent data from the 2021 Indonesian health profile in South Kalimantan Province reveals suboptimal coverage of IUD usage. Specifically, the coverage stands at 1.95% with 12,011 users in the region, 1.02% (477 users) in Kotabaru District, and 1.79% (82 users) in the Serongga Health Center. These figures fall short of the targeted coverage of 12.9%. This study aims to identify factors influencing IUD usage among women of childbearing age. Employing an analytical observational method with a Case-Control design, the research was conducted within the Serongga Health Center's jurisdiction. The investigation sought to establish correlations between education, knowledge, occupation, age, parity, and husband support with the utilization of IUDs among women of childbearing age. Utilizing a cluster proportional random sampling technique, the study comprised a sample population of 110 individuals. Statistical analysis involved the application of the Chi-Square test and Logistic Regression test for multivariate analysis. The findings of the study indicate that education (p=0.554), knowledge (p=0.308), age (p=0.566), and parity (p=0.835) demonstrate no significant association with IUD usage among women of childbearing age. Conversely, occupational factors (p=0.022, Exp (B)=2.667) and husband support (p=0.035, Exp (B)=2.813) exhibit a notable association. Notably, occupation emerges as the dominant factor influencing IUD usage.

Pengaruh Media Booklet dan Audio Visual terhadap Pengetahuan Akseptor KB tentang Kontrasepsi Jangka Panjang di Wilayah Bogor Utara Tahun 2023

Long-acting contraception is one effective method of family planning. However, sufficient knowledge about long-acting contraception is still low among birth control acceptors in the North Bogor Region. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of the use of booklet and audio-visual media on the knowledge of birth control acceptors regarding long-term contraception in the region. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the use of booklet and audio-visual media can increase the knowledge of family planning acceptors about long-term contraception in the North Bogor Region. This study used a pseudo-experimental design with a control group pretest-posttest design. The study sample consisted of 100 KB acceptors selected by purposive sampling and divided into two groups, namely the experimental group that received intervention using booklet and audio-visual media, and the control group that did not receive the intervention. The study data were collected through knowledge questionnaires before and after the intervention. Data analysis was performed using independent t-test and t-paired test. The results showed that there was a significant increase in knowledge of birth control acceptors after receiving interventions using booklet and audio-visual media. The experimental group showed a higher increase in knowledge compared to the control group, in the treatment group with audiovisual media the increase in knowledge was better when compared to the health education control group with Booklet media The average level of knowledge of the control group before being given treatment was 12.5 After being given treatment the average score of the control group rose to 13.4. While the average Audio visual group average score was 13.25. After being treated, the average score increased by 14.6. The t-test result shows a p value (0.000&lt;0.05). The use of booklet and audio-visual media is effective in increasing the knowledge of birth control acceptors about long-acting contraception.