Long-term Adjustment Research Articles

Asymmetric Cost Behavior In Indonesia

Let’s say that last year’s sales had a 1% increase and expenses had a 0.53% increase compared to the year prior. If this year's sales decrease by 1%, how much will the expenses decrease? Most of us will answer that the expenses will decrease symmetrically, which is around 0.53%. However, this study finds that expenses increase by 0.53% per 1% increase in sales but only decrease by 0.39% per 1% decrease in sales. This phenomenon is called "asymmetric cost behavior" and occurred in the companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2010–2017 period. This result fits with the study held by Anderson, Banker, and Jankiraman (2003), where they found that for a 1% increase in sales, the expense will increase by 0.55%, whereas it will only decrease by 0.35% when the sales decrease by 1%. Long-term assets, managerial decisions, and adjustment costs are the main factors behind this phenomenon.

EXPLORING CULTURAL FORMATION THROUGH COMMUNICATION PRACTICES IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS: IDENTIFYING PRACTICES, OVERCOMING BARRIERS, AND IMPLEMENTING SOLUTIONS

The current paper focuses on the qualitative method used that examines the cultural formation in the educational institution, its practices, barriers, and solution. The use of qualitative research in this study reveals insights into how communication becomes an integral part of the culture-shaping process through its focus on the emerging themes and patterns developed over time. Among the methods used included a collection of notes and interviews from three generational participants; and an analysis of the Focus Discussion Group (FGD). FGD were classified on the nature of their inputs as indicated in the foreshadowed problems that seek to identify the characteristics of a culture-shaping process, experiences of communicators, and challenges encountered by members of the organizations in the aspect of behavior, satisfaction, and engagement. The obtained data demonstrate that organizational culture has a significant influence on the performance of the members. Many of the responses reflect the involvement of “cultured” individual perspectives that emerged from their daily work experiences and communication practices that leads to the formation of subgroups. Furthermore, the inclusion of the management, diversity of cultural backgrounds, and expectations also emerged. Based on the findings, the identified pieces of evidence in the approaches of both the management and members towards communicated rules policy have led to the formulation of a long-term sustainable adjustment in culture formation that mainly impacts motivation, communication, improving organizational values, decision-making, and solving conflicts.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0250/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Assessing controls on ice dynamics at Crane Glacier, Antarctic Peninsula, using a numerical ice flow model

AbstractThe Antarctic Peninsula's widespread glacier retreat and ice shelf collapse have been attributed to atmospheric and oceanic warming. Following the initial post-collapse period of retreat, several former tributary glaciers of the Larsen A and B ice shelves have been slowly re-advancing for more than a decade. Here, we use a flowline model of Crane Glacier to gauge the sensitivity of former tributary glaciers to future climate change following this period of long-term dynamic adjustment. The glacier's long-term geometry and speed changes are similar to those of other former Larsen A and B tributaries, suggesting that Crane Glacier is a reasonable representation of regional dynamics. For the unperturbed climate simulations, discharge remains nearly unchanged in 2018–2100, indicating that dynamic readjustment to shelf collapse took ~15 years. Despite large uncertainties in Crane Glacier's past and future climate forcing, a wide range of future climate scenarios leads to a relatively modest range in grounding line discharge (0.8–1.5 Gt a−1) by 2100. Based on the model results for Crane, we infer that although former ice shelf tributaries may readvance following collapse, similar to the tidewater glacier cycle, their dynamic response to future climate perturbations should be less than their response to ice shelf collapse.

Developmental Trajectories and Predictors of Psychological Well-Being and Distress Across the College Years

ABSTRACT Psychological well-being and distress are critical components of college adjustment that are intricately entwined with student retention and success during and after college. This 5-wave longitudinal study used growth mixture modeling to explore heterogeneous trajectories of psychological well-being (self-esteem) and distress (depression, anxiety, stress) spanning just before college to the end of the fourth year. Students (N = 5,537) most commonly were best characterized by trajectories of stable positive or moderate adjustment, though some were better characterized by trajectories of low or variable adjustment. These latter subgroups may represent the highest-need students, for whom identifying pre-college risk and protective factors is crucial. Some notable differences emerged in trajectories for women versus men. Further, several individual characteristics at the cusp of college predicted these four-year trajectories. The strongest psychological functioning predictors were self-esteem, distress, and stress (less consistently, resilience and self-efficacy). The most predictive cognitive-affective strategy was avoidant emotional coping, followed by cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression (less consistently, problem-focused and active emotional coping). Social well-being factors that best differentiated adjustment trajectories were general social support, followed by support from family and then from friends. These findings have implications for targeting at-risk students upon university arrival to promote optimal long-term adjustment.

Long-term consequences of bullying involvement in first grade

Few prospective studies have examined how early bullying experiences impact long-term adjustment and the differential impact of children's co-occurring bullying and peer victimization involvement on adjustment in adulthood. This study addressed these gaps by examining subgroups of first graders involved in bullying and associations with four outcomes in early adulthood, including (a) Major Depression diagnosis, (b) post-high school suicide attempt, (c) on-time high school graduation, and (d) criminal justice involvement. Additionally, middle school standardized reading test scores and suspensions were examined as potential mechanisms through which early bullying involvement is associated with adult outcomes. Participants were 594 children from nine urban elementary schools in the United States who participated in a randomized controlled trial of two school-based universal prevention interventions. Latent profile analyses using peer nominations identified three subgroups: (a) High involvement bully-victims, (b) Moderate involvement bully-victims, and (c) Low/No involvement youth. Compared to the No/Low involvement class, High involvement bully-victims were less likely to graduate high school on time (OR = 0.48, p = .002) and Moderate involvement bully-victims were more likely to be involved in the criminal justice system (OR = 1.37, p = .02). High bully-victims were at greater risk for both not graduating high school on-time and criminal justice system involvement, which were partially explained by 6th grade standardized reading test scores and suspensions. Moderate bully-victims were less likely to graduate high school on time, which was partially explained by 6th grade suspensions. Findings highlight how early bully-victim involvement increases risk for difficulties that affect adult quality of life.

Reciprocal Associations Between Language Ability and Social Functioning Development in Pre-verbal Autistic Children.

Longitudinal research on language abilities and social functioning in young children suggests that gains in one domain affect gains in the other. However, few studies have examined inter-relations of language and social functioning jointly among young children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Pre-verbal toddlers with ASD are a group of particular clinical relevance, given that greater language abilities at school entry have been associated with positive long-term adjustment in many areas, including adaptive and social functioning. Reduced attention to and engagement in social interactions among autistic toddlers who are not yet speaking may interfere with language development concurrently and over time. The present study examined reciprocal associations between language ability and social functioning over a 2-year period across three time points in a sample of 90 pre-verbal autistic toddlers using cross-lagged panel analyses conducted in MPlus. Cross-lagged panel analyses revealed significant within-timepoint synchronous correlations, within-domain autoregressive paths over time, and as hypothesized, reciprocal significance in all cross-lagged paths. For very young pre-verbal children with ASD, language ability and social functioning appear to exert concurrent and cascading developmental influences on one another. Targeting both language and social functioning simultaneously may enhance intervention efficacy for very young pre-verbal children with ASD.

Mitigating the Energy Crisis: Utilization of Seed Production Wastes for Energy Production in Continental Croatia

A number of measures to diversify its energy supply sources and reduce its dependence on imported energy sources has been taken by the EU. These include pursuing new energy sources, such as renewable energy and liquefied natural gas; increasing the storage capacities; and investing in interconnectors and other infrastructure. However, these actions require long-term adjustment, while there is a need to find an option to meet the energy needs at a moment. One possible option is to utilize seed production wastes for energy production. This research paper aims to investigate the potential of utilizing seed production wastes (SPWs) for energy production in continental Croatia, and assess its feasibility. Eight different SPWs were used in this research, where their energy characteristics were determined and the theoretical thermal potential was calculated if they are used as raw material in the production of thermal energy through biomass and cogeneration power plants, or in biogas power plants. By using the available feedstock, it is theoretically possible to produce a total of 38,051.10 GJ of thermal energy by direct combustion of SPWs and 34,727.91 GJ by combustion of the produced biomethane. The SPWs of oilseed rape and beans contain the highest specific heat potential per hectare.

Long-Term Adjustment of Body Function among Patients with Colostmy: A Grounded Theory Approach

Long-Term Adjustment of Body Function among Patients with Colostmy: A Grounded Theory Approach

Real estate and Covid-19: Impact and regulatory response in India

As a supplier of commercial and residential infrastructure, real estate acts as a fulcrum for growth and enables holistic socio-economic development in India. This paper studies the extent of the impact of Covid-19 on the Indian real estate sector and evaluates the response to the challenges on the part of Real Estate Regulatory Authorities, government and other agencies in the real estate regulatory framework. Using primary data from a survey covering 257 respondents from 16 states, and secondary data from CREDAI and Anarock surveys conducted in two separate waves of Covid-19, notifications issued by RERAs and Ministries, RBI directives, stakeholder association representations, and a focus group discussion of experts, the regulatory response is assessed and evaluated. The data indicate that the measures announced are inadequate; a more robust response, including GST and other fiscal changes, and amendments to the RERA Act are required, as are technology infusion and management innovation for long-term adjustment.

Evaluating cereal market (dis)integration in less developed and fragile markets: The case of Sudan

This paper evaluates spatial market integration in cereal markets in Sudan, focusing on wheat and sorghum, two major cereal crops. Sudan’s context provides important insights on the functioning of markets in economies marred by sanctions, conflicts, soaring inflation, and macroeconomic imbalances. We use long-ranging monthly cereal price data and a vector of error-correction cointegration model (VECM) to characterize both short-term and long-term spatial price adjustment across cereal markets. Among the 15 wheat and 18 sorghum markets considered, we can only detect significant spatial market integration among 6 wheat and 11 sorghum markets. Despite some strong spatial market integration among a few neighboring markets, there is no spatial market integration between several markets, including between major wheat consumption and production hotspots. For example, cereal markets in Darfur are not integrated with cereal markets in the rest of the country, despite exhibiting some level of spatial integration within the Darfur region. Finally, we also observe relatively stronger spatial market integration in sorghum markets than in wheat markets. These findings have important policy implications for improving the efficiency of cereal markets in Sudan and other comparable settings.

Mindfulness-based stress reduction for men on active surveillance for prostate cancer and their spouses: Design and methodology of a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundAlthough active surveillance (AS) is an increasingly adopted treatment paradigm for management of very low risk prostate cancer, many men and their partners face a variety of AS-related psychosocial stressors. Stressors may include anxiety and fear of progression, which may negatively affect short- and long-term psychosocial adjustment and influence early withdrawal from AS in order to seek definitive therapies such as surgery or radiation. Here we describe the protocol for an NCI-funded trial, which seeks to examine the efficacy of mindfulness training compared with a time/attention-matched health promotion control condition in a geographically generalizable sample of men on AS and their spouses. MethodsUsing a randomized, controlled, partially double-blinded study design, this study involves the delivery of 8 weeks of standardized mindfulness training (MBSR; mindfulness-based stress reduction) and patient reported outcomes over a 12-month period (proposed enrollment of 80 men on AS and spouses), compared with a health promotion control (proposed enrollment of 80 men on AS and spouses) that has been matched for time and attention. Baseline (T1) measures (e.g., anxiety, fear of progression, quality of life) are administered just prior to randomization to the two study arms, followed by repeated assessments at 2 months (T2), 6 months (T3) and 12 months (T4). ConclusionThis study has the potential to offer men and their partners on AS with important educational and self−regulatory skills to better cope and adjust with known stressors related to being placed on this protocol.

LONGITUDINAL INVESTIGATION OF FACTORS PREDICTING RETIREMENT ADJUSTMENT AMONG RETIREES IN TAIWAN

Abstract BackgroundRetirement can substantially affect one's lifestyle and self-identity. However, little research has focused on how pre-retirement conditions are associated with retirement adjustment.MethodThis study utilized data from 1989 to 2015 Taiwan Longitudinal Study on Aging. A total of 1,471 cases who experienced retirement between waves and completed the subsequent four year and eight year follow-up surveys after retirement were included for analyses. High life satisfaction and low depressive symptoms represented good retirement adjustment. Multiple regression analysis was applied to test the hypothesized relationships. ResultsThe findings were as follows: 1. Retirees experienced increased depressive symptoms and worsened family relationships when transiting from pre-retirement to post-retirement.2. High cognition functioning, ideal family relationships and sufficient financial resources before retirement were consistently associated with few depressive symptoms and high life satisfaction, both at four and eight year follow-ups. 3. Of the 10 different leisure activities investigated, physically active leisure activities such as walking and participating group exercise before retirement predicted few depressive symptoms and high life satisfaction four years after retirement, but not eight year follow-up. DiscussionCognitive functioning, financial status, and family relationship before retirement can significantly affect both short-term (four years) and long-term (eight years) retirement adjustment, whereas physically active leisure activities only link to short-term retirement adjustment. At policy level, pre-retirement financial security should be addressed and well-prepared. At practitioner level, maintaining ideal cognition level, positive family relationship, and engaging physically active leisure activities should be the central intervention target when serving employees who are approaching retirement.

Gender Differences in Depressive Symptoms Following Child Death in Later Life.

This study examined short- and long-term psychological adjustment to parental bereavement in later life for mothers and fathers. Using 9 waves of data from the United States (1998-2014 Health and Retirement Study), I estimated trajectories of mothers' and fathers' depressive symptoms surrounding child death in later life, highlighting gender differences in adjustment. Moderation analyses were performed to uncover heterogeneous trajectories across parental characteristics. Mothers were more likely to experience child death and reported higher depressive symptoms prior to parental bereavement than fathers. Mothers and fathers who lost a child reported an increase in depressive symptoms that diminished over time. The short-term elevation in depressive symptoms was marginally greater for mothers than fathers, but depressive symptoms declined at a faster rate for mothers than fathers in the years following the death. These counterbalancing changes resulted in mothers and fathers returning to their respective prebereavement levels of depressive symptoms between 2 and 4 years postbereavement. Parental age moderated trajectories distinctly by gender, and the presence of surviving children buffered the impact of child death on depressive symptoms for mothers but not fathers. Mothers more often experience child death in later life and their adjustment process differs from that of fathers, underscoring the salience of gender in shaping how older parents respond to the death of a child. Older parents and mothers without surviving children are vulnerable to prolonged elevations in depressive symptoms following the death of a child in later life.

Social and community participation following traumatic lower limb amputation: an exploratory qualitative study

Purpose To explore barriers and facilitators to social and community participation experienced by people following traumatic lower limb amputation (LLA). Methods An exploratory qualitative study was conducted with nine adults with traumatic LLA in Victoria, Australia. Participants were a minimum of 18 months post amputation. Interview data was analysed using thematic analysis. Results Participants referenced the inaccessibility of the built environment and physical challenges associated with prosthetic mobility as barriers to participation. Chronic and complex health concerns due to their injuries resulted in physical and emotional distress for some, further limiting their social and community engagement. Participants highlighted the benefit of peer-support networks and the value of supportive community groups in assisting the transition to their pre-amputation family, work and social roles. Participants also felt that a strong, positive attitude and being self-motivated were important to aid in their return to social and community participation. Conclusion People following traumatic LLA experience a number of physical, psychological and environmental challenges to participation. The role of peer-support networks, community groups and personal attitudes are important facilitators to assist a return to family, work and life roles. The findings of this study have informed the development of recommendations to guide clinical practice. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION Peer-support groups for people following traumatic lower limb amputation (LLA) may assist to improve their long-term adjustment to disability and community participation Retraining skills in an individual’s own community should be considered when planning community-based therapy services for people following traumatic LLA. Ongoing psychosocial support including strategies to develop self-efficacy and positive mindset may improve social and community participation Regular medical and allied health reviews can be beneficial to promote early intervention for any complications that arise to minimise time off prosthesis.

Analysis of Li Ning's successful transformation under positioning theory

"Li Ning" is a well-known Chinese sporting goods company ("Li Ning Company") The brand had achieved great success in the Chinese market. However, due to increasingly tough international competition and the increasing proportion of the market share of foreign brands in China, Li Ning's business situation between 2012 and 2015 was not promising. Against this backdrop, Li Ning took the initiative to transform the company's brand strategy with a new image and a new slogan and achieved significant results. 2015 saw Li Ning end three consecutive years of losses. After reversing the crisis, Li Ning underwent another comprehensive strategic adjustment, with the brand focusing on rejuvenation and internationalisation. this adjustment had little effect in the short term but achieved the desired results in the long-term adjustment and refinement. in 2022, Li Ning, the leading Chinese professional sports brand, made its debut on the list of top 50 apparel brands released by strategic consulting firm Brand Finance and became Li Ning the fastest growing brand on the list. This paper analyses Li Ning's business strategy using positioning theory in the context of the company's recent financial statements and considers the company's successful transformation. By analysing the reasons for Li Ning's successful transformation, the paper provides a reference for other sports brands and points out the specific role of positioning theory in brand transformation

Long-Term Impact of Diagnosed Fetal Anomaly on Parental Traumatic Stress, Resilience, and Relationship Satisfaction.

Knowledge regarding the long-term psychological adjustment of parents to children with prenatal diagnosis of congenital malformation is scarce. The aim of this study is to examine traumatic stress trajectories, resilience, and relationship satisfaction among parents to children with prenatal diagnosis of a congenital malformation, and to compare this to a sample of non-affected parents. A prospective longitudinal cohort study was conducted at a tertiary perinatal referral center. Ninety-three mothers and 80 fathers who received a diagnosis of fetal anomaly during obstetric ultrasound examination (study group), and 110 mothers and 98 fathers with normal ultrasound findings (comparison group), reported their traumatic stress at four timepoints during pregnancy (T1-T4), 6 weeks after birth (T5), and 10-12 years after birth (T6). Resilience and relationship satisfaction was reported at 10-12 years after birth. Parents to children with a congenital malformation experienced significantly elevated traumatic stress levels over time, compared with parents of children without congenital malformation. The difference between groups was largest acutely after diagnosis and remained significant 10-12 years after the birth of the child. Resilience and relationship satisfaction levels were similar in both groups. Despite experiencing high levels of traumatic stress over time, parents to children with a congenital malformation reported resilience and relationship satisfaction at similar levels to non-affected parents. This suggests that despite ongoing long-term distress, parents are still able to maintain positive psychological coping resources.

35 (PB-035) Poster - Factors affecting Quality of Life among breast cancer survivors

Backgrounds: Many breast cancer patients experience various levels of distress immediately following the completion of primary treatment. Women who report low levels of quality of life (QOL) early in this phase of transitional survivorship tend to experience diminished long-term adjustment. However, the studies related to QOL of women during the end of primary treatment have been found insufficient. This study aimed to identify determinants of QOL in women with breast cancer immediately following the completion of treatment.

DAMPAK HEALTH CAPITAL TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI: PEMBUKTIAN DARI NEGARA TERPILIH DI ASIA TENGGARA DENGAN PENDEKATAN MODEL AUTOREGRESSIVE DISTRIBUTED LAG (ARDL)

The purpose of this study is to analyze the long-term impacts of health capital on economic growth in Southeast Asia from 2000 – 2021. This study employed the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model to estimate the long-run and short-run nexus among the variables. Furthermore, FMOLS, DOLS and CCR were used for a more robust examination of the empirical findings. The results of this study show that health capital (proxy by health expenditure per capita) has a long-run relationship with economic growth (proxy by GDP per capita) and its impact on economic growth is positive and significant, this implies that an increase in the health expenditure per capita will increase GDP per capita. In addition, the error correction term (ECT) estimation result is negative and significant (-1,395) implying disequilibrium of short-term shocks in the previous year will experience a long-term balance adjustment in the current year with average speed of 139,5% per year

Static and Dynamic Performance of the RBRargo3 CTD

Abstract The static and dynamic performances of the RBRargo3 are investigated using a combination of laboratory-based and in situ datasets from floats deployed as part of an Argo pilot program. Temperature and pressure measurements compare well to co-located reference data acquired from shipboard CTDs. Static accuracy of salinity measurements is significantly improved using 1) a time lag for temperature, 2) a quadratic pressure dependence, and 3) a unit-based calibration for each RBRargo3 over its full pressure range. Long-term deployments show no significant drift in the RBRargo3 accuracy. The dynamic response of the RBRargo3 demonstrates the presence of two different adjustment time scales: a long-term adjustment O(120) s, driven by the temperature difference between the interior of the conductivity cell and the water, and a short-term adjustment O(5–10) s, associated to the initial exchange of heat between the water and the inner ceramic. Corrections for these effects, including dependence on profiling speed, are developed.

Kochkar gold deposit: Development problems and solutions

The author outlines the main problems connected with reconstruction of long-term Tsentralnaya and Vostochnaya mining projects at Kochkar gold deposit. The rockburst hazard of the deposit affects mining performance, and the impact of rock dynamics factors intensifies with the increasing scale of production. The industrial safety code prescribes transition to mining systems with caving or with backfill, with rockbursting prevention activities and real-time monitoring of rock mass geodynamics. The analysis of mineral reserves revealed within the framework of the long-term ore reserves adjustment and growth program at Kochkar deposit shows that the structure of ore reserves has changed. Most of the reserves (≈90 %) is extractable using room-and-pillar systems with preliminary blasting, which is associated with the increased seismic load on ground surface. The mine reconstruction is carried out in difficult geological conditions. For this reason, it is only possible to enhance performance using the advanced technological innovations and high-production self-propelling equipment. Safety of mining is achievable by transition to open stoping with cemented backfill with arrangement of a continuous geomechanical monitoring system and with prevention of dynamic events induced by confining pressure. The comprehensive engineering of the operating mine reconstruction project has revealed potentiality to increase the mine production capacities. The design performance of long-term mining in such difficult geological conditions is ensured by the cardinal modification of the geotechnical system and by re-equipment of basic and auxiliary production processes.