Long-term Absence Research Articles

Aboriginal Status and Neighborhood Income Inequality Moderate the Relationship between School Absenteeism and Early Childhood Development.

The negative impact of school absenteeism on children’s academic performance has been documented in the educational literature, yet few studies have used validated development indicators, or investigated individual and neighborhood characteristics to illuminate potential moderating factors. Using cross-sectional Early Development Instrument (EDI) panel data (2001–2005) we constructed multilevel linear and logistic regression models to examine the association between school absenteeism and early childhood development, moderated by Aboriginal status, length of school absence, neighborhood-level income inequality, and children’s sex assigned at birth. Our study included 3572 children aged four to eight in 56 residential neighborhoods in Saskatoon, Canada. Results indicated that Aboriginal children missing an average number of school days (3.63 days) had significantly lower EDI scores compared to non-Aboriginal children, controlling for individual and neighborhood factors. As school absenteeism lengthened, the gap in EDI scores between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children narrowed, becoming non-significant for absences greater than two weeks. Children with long-term school absence (>4 weeks of school), living in neighborhoods of low income inequality, had significantly better physical and social development scores compared to children from medium or high income inequality neighborhoods. Across all EDI domains, girls living in neighborhoods with low income inequality had significantly better EDI scores than boys in similar neighborhoods; however, sex-differences in EDI scores were not apparent for children residing in high income inequality neighborhoods. Results add to the literature by demonstrating differences in the relationship between school absenteeism and early developmental outcomes moderated by Aboriginal status, length of school absence, neighborhood income inequality, and sex assigned at birth. These moderating factors show that differential approaches are necessary when implementing policies and programs aimed at improving school attendance.

MP32-12 RADICAL CYSTECTOMY PENTAFECTA: A PROPOSAL FOR STANDARDIZATION OF OUTCOMES REPORTING FOLLOWING ROBOT ASSISTED RADICAL CYSTECTOMY

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES:To propose a standardisable composite method for reporting outcomes of radical cystectomy (RC) that incorporates both peri-operative morbidity and oncologic adequacy.METHODS:From July 2010 through December 2017, 277 consecutive patients who underwent robotic radical cystectomy (RRC) for bladder cancer at our institution were prospectively analysed. IRB approval was obtained (HS-01B014). Patients who simultaneously demonstrated negative soft tissue surgical margins, =/> 16 lymph node yield, absence of major (Clavien-Dindo grade III-IV) complications at 90 days, absence of urinary diversion (UD) related long-term sequelae and absence of clinical recurrence at =/< 12 mo. were considered as having achieved the RC-pentafecta. We created a multivariable logistic regression model using age, ASA score, type of UD, NACH, pT and pN stage as covariates to measure independent factors for achieving RC-pentafecta. The internal validity of the prediction model was assessed by 1,000 bootstrap ...

Absenteeism in the Public and the Private Sector: Does the Public Sector Attract High Absence Employees?

AbstractEvidence from many countries shows that public sector employees have considerably higher rates of absenteeism than have private sector employees. Based on regression analyses of a large probability sample of the Norwegian population, this article shows that most of the sector difference in long-term absence can be accounted for by taking into consideration the sociodemographic characteristics of the workforce and the occupational composition in the two sectors. A clear sector difference in short-term absenteeism cannot be accounted for in this way. A direct effect of the working or employment conditions in the two sectors is also not a likely explanation, since workers who switch between the sectors are not more absent when they are in the public than when they are in the private sector. Thus, the high level of short-term absenteeism in the public sector seems to be due to a selection of absence-prone individuals to the sector. Since motivational factors are likely to be relatively more important for short-term than for long-term, these findings indicate that lower work attendance motivation in public sector employees may be the main driver. These patterns are consistent with an economic explanation in which people with low attendance motivation select to the public sector, since the work attendance incentives are weaker there. The degree to which the results are compatible with the theory public service motivation is also discussed.

Analysis of risk factors for pulmonary infection in patients with minimally invasive esophagectomy.

Clinical manifestations of patients with pulmonary infection after minimally invasive esophagectomy were analyzed. A total of 500 patients undergoing minimally invasive esophagectomy in Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute from January 2015 to December 2016 were consecutively selected, among which 124 patients with pulmonary infection after surgery were taken as the infection group, and the remaining 376 patients were taken as the control group. The clinical data of all patients were collected. The pulmonary infection rate after minimally invasive esophagectomy was calculated, and clinical factors with difference were analyzed using the multivariate logistic regression analysis. There were significant differences in age, long-term smoking history, presence or absence of concurrent basic diseases and vital capacity (P<0.01). The application time of antibiotics and antacids and hospitalization duration in the infection group were obviously longer than those in the control group (P<0.01). Age, long-term smoking history, vital capacity, application time of antibiotics and antacids, hospitalization duration and concurrent diabetes mellitus/coronary heart disease/diseases of respiratory system increase the risk of postoperative pulmonary infection in patients with esophageal cancer, and age, long-term smoking history, diabetes mellitus, diseases of respiratory system and hospitalization duration are independent risk factors for pulmonary infection in patients after minimally invasive esophagectomy.

Purging of Strongly Deleterious Mutations Explains Long-Term Persistence and Absence of Inbreeding Depression in Island Foxes

The recovery and persistence of rare and endangered species are often threatened by genetic factors, such as the accumulation of deleterious mutations, loss of adaptive potential, and inbreeding depression [1]. Island foxes (Urocyon littoralis), thedwarfed descendants of mainland gray foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), have inhabited California's Channel Islands for >9,000 years [2-4]. Previous genomic analyses revealed that island foxes have exceptionally low levels of diversity and elevated levels of putatively deleterious variation [5]. Nonetheless, all six populations have persisted for thousands of generations, and several populations rebounded rapidly after recent severe bottlenecks [6, 7]. Here,we combine morphological and genomic data withpopulation-genetic simulations to determine the mechanism underlying the enigmatic persistence of these foxes. First, through analysis of genomes from 1929 to 2009, we show that island foxes have remained at small population sizes with low diversity for many generations. Second, we present morphological data indicating an absence of inbreeding depression in island foxes, confirming that they are not afflicted with congenital defects common to other small and inbred populations. Lastly, our population-genetic simulations suggest that long-term small population size results in a reduced burden of strongly deleterious recessive alleles, providing a mechanism for the absence of inbreeding depression in island foxes. Importantly, the island fox illustrates a scenario in which genetic restoration through human-assisted gene flow could be a counterproductive or even harmful conservation strategy. Our study sheds light on the puzzle of island fox persistence, a unique success story that provides a model for the preservation of small populations.

A general approach to one-step fabrication of single-piece nanocomposite membrane based Pb2+-selective electrodes

A simple and general approach leading to well-dispersed and surfactant-free multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) based single-piece Pb2+-selective nanocomposite membrane is proposed. The single-piece solid-contact Pb2+-selective electrodes were prepared via one-step drop casting the ultrasonicated suspension mixture on the golden electrodes. The obtained electrodes exhibited a Nernstian response slope of 29.0 ± 0.2 mV/decade in the linear range from 2.0 × 10−3 to 2.0 × 10−9 M and a low detection limit of 4.0 × 10−10 M. Due to the inherent high capacitance and hydrophobicity of nanocomposite membrane, excellent long-term potential stability and absence of water films were observed. Moreover, the sensor showed good resistance to interfering agents such as redox couple, light and gases. In addition, the proposed electrodes were demonstrated to be feasible for Pb2+ determination in tap water. Overall it was demonstrated as an appealing sensor for lead (II) detection for environmental and clinical applications.

“I Would Do It All Over Again”: Cherishing Time and the Absence of Regret in Continuing a Pregnancy after a Life-Limiting Diagnosis

Parents, after learning of a life-limiting fetal condition (LLFC), experience emotional distress and must consider options that impact the remainder of the pregnancy, their future lives, and family members. For those who continue, little is known about their long-term presence or absence of regret about their choice, the reasons for this feeling, or its impact on their life. The aim of this research was to examine the concept of decision regret in parents who opted to continue a pregnancy affected by an LLFC. The contextual factors, conditions, and consequences surrounding the presence or absence of regret were analyzed. Data were retrieved from a cross-sectional study using the Quality of Perinatal Palliative Care and Parental Satisfaction Instrument. Participants were parents (N = 405) who experienced a life-limiting prenatal diagnosis and opted to continue their pregnancy. Secondary data analysis examined qualitative responses (121/402) to an item addressing regret. Dimensional analysis was used to examine data, identifying context, conditions, and consequences associated with the presence or absence of regret. Absence of regret was articulated in 97.5 percent of participants. Parents valued the baby as a part of their family and had opportunities to love, hold, meet, and cherish their child. Participants treasured the time together before and after the birth. Although emotionally difficult, parents articulated an empowering, transformative experience that lingers over time.

Distance education in the system of higher education in the field of physical culture and sport

Educational activities of future specialists in the field of physical education and sport are often asso­ ciated with multiple and long-term absence from academic classes at a higher education institution, connected with intense training activities, visits of training camps, preparation for and participation in competitions of various levels. For such students, a special form of education is required that would not be inferior to the effectiveness of traditional teaching activities in higher education institutions. One of these forms is distance teaching. Objective. To study the peculiarities of the process of introducing distance teaching in the Olympic education into the system of training future specialists in physical culture and sport in higher education institutions. Me­thods. Theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific-methodical literature, normative documents, methods of mathematical statistics. Results. Theoretical analysis of literary sources allowed to analyze the basic concepts that characterize distance teaching in the system of higher education in the field of physical education and sport. The main components of distance teaching were identified, the structure of which includes: case technologies, TV-technologies, network technologies. Distance teaching technologies include acquaintance with the author’s course on the Olympic education; work with electronic teaching aids and publications on the history and theory of the Olympic movement; studying literature for students in the Olympic education; an overview of video lectures on specific Olympic topics, lectures in Power Point format; performance of theoretical tasks and testing; acquaintance with video presentations and illustrative material on the Olympic topics, interactive communication with specialists of the International Center for Olympic Studies and Education; participation in webinars (online seminars) on the Olympic topics.

Towards a better partnership with employers and other stakeholders during the work rehabilitation of mild traumatic brain injury workers

Developing an effective partnership with employers and other stakeholders is now considered a key intervention for supporting the return-to-work (RTW) of workers following a long-term absence. However, how this applies to workers recovering from a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) remains unknown. The aim of this project was to describe strategies used by practitioners to develop this partnership during post-mTBI work rehabilitation and to explore how these strategies were perceived by workers. Two viewpoints were documented: that of the practitioners ( n = 30) in a rehabilitation centre in Quebec (Canada), through four focus groups; and that of the workers ( n = 10), through semi-structured individual interviews. The data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed according to thematic analysis principles. The results indicate that seven different strategies are commonly used during work rehabilitation to develop a partnership with the various stakeholders (employer, insurer, attending physician and family). All are designed to bring these partners’ messages and interventions in line with those of the rehabilitation team. The mechanisms underlying these strategies are mainly discursive (e.g. validation, explanation, or persuasion). While the workers corroborate the strategies’ relevance, they consider some inadequate for attaining the goal, notably as regards the employer. Though it appears desirable to use a range of strategies to ensure consistency among the different stakeholders’ messages and interventions during post-mTBI work rehabilitation, it alone does not guarantee success, particularly with the employer. It may also be necessary to use non-discursive mechanisms to achieve greater consistency.

The role of childhood stress in symptoms of social phobia and agoraphobia in adulthood

In a sample of 1000 Polish and German probands recruited via the internet, we studied the associations of nine childhood stress factors (physical abuse, periodic harsh physical punishment, threat of physical violence, sexual abuse, neglect, long-term absence of a parent, violence between parents, arguments between parents and financial hardship) with later agoraphobic and sociophobic symptoms. Especially neglect showed a strong association to both forms of phobic symptoms. Threat of physical violence aswell as periodic harsh physical punishment and threat of physical violence also showed an association to both forms of phobic symptoms. The study revealed plausible associations for both forms of anxiety and various childhood adversities, though the amounts of explained variances were generally small.

Autophagy diminishes the early interferon-\u03b2 response to influenza A virus resulting in differential expression of interferon-stimulated genes

Influenza A virus (IAV) infection perturbs metabolic pathways such as autophagy, a stress-induced catabolic pathway that crosstalks with cellular inflammatory responses. However, the impact of autophagy perturbation on IAV gene expression or host cell responses remains disputed. Discrepant results may be a reflection of in vivo studies using cell-specific autophagy-related (Atg) gene-deficient mouse strains, which do not delineate modification of developmental programmes from more proximal effects on inflammatory response. In vitro experiments can be confounded by gene expression divergence in wild-type cultivated cell lines, as compared to those experiencing long-term absence of autophagy. With the goal to investigate cellular processes within cells that are competent or incompetent for autophagy, we generated a novel experimental cell line in which autophagy can be restored by ATG5 protein stabilization in an otherwise Atg5-deficient background. We confirmed that IAV induced autophagosome formation and p62 accumulation in infected cells and demonstrated that perturbation of autophagy did not impact viral infection or replication in ATG5-stablized cells. Notably, the induction of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) by IAV was diminished when cells were autophagy competent. We further demonstrated that, in the absence of ATG5, IAV-induced interferon-β (IFN-β) expression was increased as compared to levels in autophagy-competent lines, a mechanism that was independent of IAV non-structural protein 1. In sum, we report that induction of autophagy by IAV infection reduces ISG expression in infected cells by limiting IFN-β expression, which may benefit viral replication and spread.

Disentangling Effects of Time Since Fire, Overstory Composition and Organic Layer Thickness on Nutrient Availability in Canadian Boreal Forest

Wildfire is the primary abiotic disturbance in the boreal forest, and its long-term absence can lead to large changes in ecosystem properties, including the availability and cycling of nutrients. These effects are, however, often confounded with the effects of successional changes in vegetation toward nutrient-conservative species. We studied a system of boreal forested lake islands in eastern Canada, where time since last fire ranged from 50 to 1500 years, and where the relative abundance of the most nutrient-conservative tree species, black spruce, was largely independent of time since last fire. This allowed us to disentangle the effects of time since fire and the dominant vegetation on ecosystem properties, including nutrient stocks and concentrations. Effects of time since fire independent of vegetation composition mostly involved an increase in the thickness of the organic layer and in nitrogen concentration in both soil and leaves. Domination by black spruce had strong negative effects on nutrient concentrations and was associated with a shift toward more fungi and Gram-positive bacteria in the soil microbial community. Path modeling showed that phosphorus concentration was inversely related to organic layer thickness, which was in turn related to both time since fire and black spruce abundance, while nitrogen was more directly related to time since fire and the composition of the overstory. We conclude that discriminating between the effects of vegetation and time since fire is necessary for better understanding and predicting the long-term changes that occur in forest nutrient availability and ecosystem properties.

Long-term phosphorus application to a maize monoculture influences the soil microbial community and its feedback effects on maize seedling biomass

Both indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) are involved in phosphorus (P) mobilization and turnover in agroecosystems. Understanding the diversity and community structure of AM fungi and PSB is important for potentially optimizing their role in mining P for sustainable agriculture. Yet the characteristics of both AM fungi and PSB in response to P input, in particular the influence of different indigenous microbial communities on plant growth has been little studied. Here, we collected soil samples from the top 20 cm of the profile of a soil receiving three fertilizer P rates, comprising nil, optimal (44 kg P ha−1) and excessive (131 kg P ha−1) P to evaluate the AM fungal community structure and abundance of relevant PSB groups at three sampling times (June, July and September) using 454 pyrosequencing and quantitative-PCR (q-PCR), respectively. In addition, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the feedback effects of different fractions of indigenous soil microbes on maize seedling growth. The results showed that overall sampling time had a greater impact than P application rate on the community structure of AM fungi and PSB abundance. At each sampling time the AM fungal communities were significantly affected by the fertilizer P rate. The overall abundance of soil microbes and selected taxa were slightly affected by sampling time but not by fertilizer P. Shoot biomass and P nutrition were significantly affected by the microbial community fraction but not by the fertilizer P rate. Changes in AM fungal communities did not lead to significant differences in maize growth. However, long-term absence of P inputs tended to build up microbial communities which greatly suppressed maize growth. Shoot biomass showed a mean decline of 24.4% when grown in inoculated soil compared to sterilized soil. Our results indicate that current P management has not led to negative influences on soil microbial communities. Evidence highlights the need to understand the interactions between plants and microbiome in mining P in order to make maximum use of the most effective indigenous soil microbes for sustainable agriculture.

Simulation of error in suppression of Xenon oscillations in a WWER-1000 nuclear reactor

Abstract Errors in suppression of xenon oscillations refer to anticipated operational occurrences. Such errors could be treated as a long-term absence of some special actions used to stabilize the power field or incorrect movements of the control and protection system absorber rod. In this study, the movement of control rod, causing maximum power tilt, has been simulated in a WWER-1000 reactor by using NJOY and MCNPX codes and also a single heated channel model for thermal hydraulic calculations. The results of developed single heated channel model have been checked with RELAP5 results for WWER-1000. Analyses are based on linear heat rate of the most-powered fuel rod in the beginning of cycle and end of cycle. First, we determined the position of this most-powered fuel rod at the beginning and end of cycle separately. Then the most-powered fuel rod is segmented axially into equally spaced zones to study the effect of axial linear heat rate profile. Finally, the results have been compared with Final Safety Analysis Report of WWER-1000 reactor. It is seen that there is a great similarity between calculated and reported results.

Some adjustments to the human capital and the friction cost methods.

The cost of lost output is a major component of the total cost of illness estimates, especially those for the cost of workplace accidents and diseases. The two main methods for estimating this output, namely the human capital and the friction cost method, lead to very different results, particularly for cases of long-term absence, which makes the choice of method a critical dilemma. Two hidden assumptions, one for each method, are identified in this paper: for human capital method, the assumption that had the accident not happened the individual would remain alive, healthy and employed until retirement, and for friction cost method, the assumption that any created vacancy is covered by an unemployed person. Relevant adjustments to compensate for their impact are proposed: (a) to depreciate the estimates of the human capital method for the risks of premature death, disability or unemployment and (b) to multiply the estimates of the friction cost method with the expected number of job shifts that will be caused by a disability. The impact of these adjustments on the final estimates is very important in terms of magnitude and can lead to better results for each method.

Prospective multicenter study on robot-assisted laparoscopic extravesical ureteral reimplantation (RALUR-EV): Outcomes and complications

Robot-assisted laparoscopic extravesical ureteral reimplantation (RALUR-EV) is a minimally invasive alternative to open surgery. We have previously reported retrospective outcomes from our study group, and herein provide an updated prospective analysis with a focus on success rate, surgical technique, and complications among surgeons who have overcome the initial learning curve. To assess the safety and efficacy of RALUR-EV in children, among experienced surgeons. We reviewed our prospective database of children undergoing RALUR-EV by pediatric urologists at eight academic centers from 2015 to 2017. Radiographic success was defined as absence of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) on postoperative voiding cystourethrogram. Complications were graded using the Clavien scale. Univariate regression analysis was performed to assess for association among various patient and technical factors and radiographic failure. In total, 143 patients were treated with RALUR-EV for primary VUR (87 unilateral, 56 bilateral; 199 ureters). The majority of ureters (73.4%) had grade III or higher VUR preoperatively. Radiographic resolution was present in 93.8% of ureters, as shown in the summary table. Ureteral complications occurred in five ureters (2.5%) with mean follow-up of 7.4 months (SD 4.0). Transient urinary retention occurred in four patients following bilateral procedure (7.1%) and in no patients after unilateral. On univariate analysis, there were no patient or technical factors associated with increased odds of radiographic failure. We report a radiographic success rate of 93.8% overall, and 94.1% among children with grades III-V VUR. In contemporary series, alternate management options such as endoscopic injection and open UR have reported radiographic success rates of 90% and 93.5% respectively. We were unable to identify specific patient or technical factors that influenced outcomes, although immeasurable factors such as tissue handling and intraoperative decision-making could not be assessed. Ureteral complications requiring operative intervention were rare and occurred with the same incidence reported in a large open series. Limitations include lack of long-term follow-up and absence of radiographic follow-up on a subset of patients. Radiographic resolution of VUR following RALUR is on par with contemporary open series, and the incidence of ureteral complications is low. RALUR should be considered as one of several viable options for management of VUR in children.

The Effect of Oestrogen on Ca2+ and Na+ Regulation in Heart Failure

In this work, we show that long-term absence of oestrogen impairs cardiac function and produces detrimental changes to Ca2+ and Na+ regulation in cardiomyocytes following pressure-overload heart failure (HF). Oestrogen supplementation reverses the negative effects of ovariectomy following HF. Pressure-overload HF was induced by aortic constriction (AC) in female guinea pigs. To examine the effects of long-term absence of oestrogen on HF progression, selected ovariectomy (OV) animals underwent AC (ACOV). Pellets containing 17β-oestradiol (1mg, 60-day release) were placed subcutaneously in selected ACOV animals (ACOV+E). Electrophysiological and fluorescence techniques were used to assess Ca2+ and Na+ regulation 150 days post-operatively. ACOV animals heart weight/body weight ratios increased by 11% and in vivo fractional shortening decreased by 14% compared with the AC group, suggesting greater impairment of cardiac function following pressure-overload in the absence of oestrogen. Action potential duration increased in all three interventions but the changes were oestrogen-independent. While ICa and fractional SR Ca2+ release were unaltered, myocytes from ACOV animals typically had reduced Ca2+ transient amplitudes, slower transient decay kinetics, decreased SR Ca2+ contents and increased Ca2+ spark frequencies and spark mediated SR Ca2+ leak compared with the AC and ACOV+E groups. The Na+/K+ ATPase current densities and Na+ extrusion rates were reduced by 13% and 19%, respectively, in parallel with a 17% increased INa,L current densities following ACOV compared with the AC group. Interestingly, myocytes isolated from ACOV animals supplemented with 17β-oestradiol (ACOV+E) typically had similar Ca2+ and Na+ regulation compared with the gonad-intact AC group. Here we present that long-term deprivation of oestrogen, in an animal model whose electrophysiological and hormonal status is akin to human, exacerbates the detrimental effects of pressure-overload HF. Oestrogen supplementation reverses the negative effects of ovariectomy following AC.

Long-term sickness absence from work due to physical inactivity: A registry-based study.

The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between leisure-time physical inactivity and long-term sickness absence in a representative sample of individuals aged 16-54 years, within the labour market and in good health. It was hypothesised that physically inactive individuals have a higher risk of long-term sickness absence and longer duration of sickness absence. The study population was identified from the National Health and Morbidity Survey, 2010. Weekly data on long-term sickness absence were obtained from the National Register on Social Transfer Payments (the DREAM registry). The association of incidence and duration of long-term sickness absence with physical inactivity was explored using logistic and Poisson regression. Data were fitted to models with levels of physical activity, demographic, social and lifestyle characteristics as independent variables. A combined hurdle model was used to estimate the difference in mean number of absence weeks. Logistic regression showed that physically inactive individuals had a 27% higher incidence of long-term sickness absence compared with physically active individuals. The Poisson regression showed that long-term sickness absence was only slightly shorter (1 week less) for moderately active individuals compared with inactive individuals. The hurdle model estimated longer absence periods for inactive individuals (additional 2.5 weeks) in comparison with moderately and highly active individuals. The study showed that physically inactive individuals have a higher incidence of long-term absence and that physically inactive individuals have longer periods with sickness absence than moderately and highly active individuals. When adjustments for social and health behaviour were included, the estimated associations became statistically insignificant.

Prediction of long-term absence due to sickness in employees: development and validation of a multifactorial risk score in two cohort studies.

Objectives This study aimed to develop and validate a risk prediction model for long-term sickness absence. Methods Survey responses on work- and lifestyle-related questions from 65 775 public-sector employees were linked to sickness absence records to develop a prediction score for medically-certified sickness absence lasting >9 days and ≥90 days. The score was externally validated using data from an independent population-based cohort of 13 527 employees. For both sickness absence outcomes, a full model including 46 candidate predictors was reduced to a parsimonious model using least-absolute-shrinkage-and-selection-operator (LASSO) regression. Predictive performance of the model was evaluated using C-index and calibration plots. Results Variance explained in ≥90-day sickness absence by the full model was 12.5%. In the parsimonious model, the predictors included self-rated health (linear and quadratic term), depression, sex, age (linear and quadratic), socioeconomic position, previous sickness absences, number of chronic diseases, smoking, shift work, working night shift, and quadratic terms for body mass index and Jenkins sleep scale. The discriminative ability of the score was good (C-index 0.74 in internal and 0.73 in external validation). Calibration plots confirmed high correspondence between the predicted and observed risk. In >9-day sickness absence, the full model explained 15.2% of the variance explained, but the C-index of the parsimonious model was poor (<0.65). Conclusions Individuals' risk of a long-term sickness absence that lasts ≥90 days can be estimated using a brief risk score. The predictive performance of this score is comparable to those for established multifactorial risk algorithms for cardiovascular disease, such as the Framingham risk score.

Влияние холекальциферола на депрессивноподобное поведение крыс после овариоэктомии

Цель настоящего исследования состояла в оценке эффектов хронического введения холекальциферола в разных дозах на депрессивноподобное поведение взрослых самок крыс после овариоэктомии. Поведение оценивали у самок крыс через 12 недель после овариоэктомии, получавших холекальциферол (1, 2,5 и 5 мг/кг, подкожно) изолированно или в сочетании с 17β-эстрадиолом в низкой дозе (0,5 мг/крысу, подкожно) в течение 14 дней в тестах Порсолта и «открытое поле». Хроническое введение холекальциферола в дозе 5 мг/кг (p &lt; 0,05) понижало степень депрессивности интактных самок в тесте Порсолта. Холекальциферол в дозе 1 мг/кг проявлял антидепрессивный эффект у самок крыс после овариоэктомии, причем на фоне его сочетанного введения с 17β-эстрадиолом у этих крыс наблюдалось потенцирование антидепрессивных эффектов. Напротив, холекальциферол в дозе 2,5 мг/кг повышал степень депрессивности у самок крыс после овариоэктомии (p &lt; 0,05).