Long-range Strategies Research Articles

Different perspectives on the marketing of accounting services

This manuscript suggests that the marketing of accounting services may undergo radical change very soon in light of the AlCPAFTC agreement. The implications of the consent agreement are explored through the presentation of a hypothetical debate between a marketer and a CPA, with questions posed to the debaters by an intermediary. The CPA tends to respond conservativdy to the idea of making strategic changes to take advantage of the agreement; conversely, the marketer focuses on pointing out the potential opportunities which would be available to CPAs who wish to become more competitive. The six broad questions posed by the intermediary address the six basic matters included in the agreement. One question is devoted to each of the following issues: contingent fees, commissions, referral fees, solicitation, advertising, and trade names. After the debate, the CPA is exhorted to study the AICPA-FTC agreement and to consider its impact on the planning of both short- and long-range marketing strategies.

Publish, Don't Perish: Experienced Authors Share Ideas

In the past. many Extension agents and specialists didn't think much about "publish or perish." But with everchanging university administrators and policies, Extension workers now recognize the importance of publishing in refereed journals. Because of this, communication specialists are increasingly writing joumal articles and also are being asked to help subject-matter specialists and field agents prepare articles for publishing. Information gleaned from five Oregon State University faculty shows the importance of writing only about what interests you, getting to know others in your field, deciding where to market your work, seeking constructive criticism, and developing long-range strategies for publishing.

Changing the Structure of Medical Discourse: Implications of Cross-National Comparisons

In the discourse of medical encounters, social problems arise frequently. Such problems typically derive from work and economic insecurity, family life and gender roles, aging, and conditions that foster substance use or other self-destructive behavior. The structure of medical discourse tends to marginalize the social issues that generate personal troubles in everyday life. Long-range strategies to alter medical discourse aim toward basic modifications of power and finance in the larger society of which medicine is a part; such strategies seek to change the contextual issues that create personal troubles on the individual level. As shown by the examples of the Soviet Union, eastern Europe, and China, social revolution does not necessarily resolve the micro-level contradictions of the doctor-patient relationship. In contrast, the Cuban revolution apparently has succeeded in transforming both the context and the structure of medical encounters. Short-range strategies in countries such as the United States involve more direct ways in which patients and doctors can alter their communication. These alterations involve reducing devices of language that maintain professional dominance, avoiding the medicalization of nonmedical problems, attempting not to marginalize contextual issues, and encouraging active attempts to change social conditions that generate personal troubles.

Strategic Resource Planning for Academic Computing

Computing technology has experienced a very rapid rate of growth and will continue to require proper harnessing of this power in order to use it most effectively. Decision makers will need more definitive guidelines to acquire and to allocate computer resources as end-users become more aware of the opportunities of the technology and as they become more demanding for justification and for applications priority tradeoffs. These issues are discussed with a particular emphasis on their conversion to a methodology and to action items for the manager faced with planning and controlling short-term budgets and long-range strategies.

The Disorder of World Order Thought

There has emerged in recent years a cascade of criticism aimed at the alleged obsolescence of the nation-state system which currently orders global politics, and the inadequacies of "mainstream literature and teaching about international studies (which) do not focus sufficiently upon global problems or long-range strategies for dealing with them" (Weiss, 1974: 22). According to this view, orthodox, empirical international studies train their focus on the state and its traditional "high politics" concerns of war and peace to the exclusion of other weighty concerns such as environmental deterioration, poverty, social injustice, and individual alienation. Nor are orthodox empirical studies likely to discover solutions to these problems, or even that of war, because these are seemingly products of the very nation-state system, which the international studies discipline, in its empirically conservative concern with state interactions, helps to perpetuate. A new normative order embracing the goal of world community is said to be needed if we are to survive these supposed dysfunctions of the nation-state system, and many advocates of this approach have set themselves the task of revising the international studies discipline to include discussion of all relevant problems, values, potential forces for change, and strategies for molding the future.

Barriers to planning in business: Can information systems help to overcome them?

Several barriers impede the formation and execution of long-range strategies for marketing and producing products, processes and services to meet the needs of potential customers. A key barrier to adoption of an innovation, for example, is lack of support by top management. Hypotheses about the potential of computer information systems for overcoming these barriers are proposed for testing. The main new tool proposed as an addition to the decision support repertoire is a guide to help business planners choose wisely among all the options that exist.

The multiattribute evaluation of program-planning contractors

This note describes how the theory of measurable multiattribute value functions was used to evaluate the proposals of three competing subcontractors for a program-planning project undertaken by Los Alamos National Laboratory. The purpose of the program-planning project was to develop a methodology for the evaluation of alternative long-range strategies for the achievement of controlled thermonuclear fusion. A measurable multiattribute value function was developed based on eleven criteria. Eight judges made evaluations on each of these criteria, and their judgments were synthesized to identify the winning subcontractor. While we emphasize details associated with this specific application, we expect the problem structure and methodology to be amenable to other contractor-and proposal-evaluation efforts after only minor modifications.

ChemInform Abstract: COMPUTER‐ASSISTED SYNTHETIC ANALYSIS. PERFORMANCE OF LONG‐RANGE STRATEGIES FOR STEREOSELECTIVE OLEFIN SYNTHESIS

Chemischer InformationsdienstVolume 9, Issue 42 Article ChemInform Abstract: COMPUTER-ASSISTED SYNTHETIC ANALYSIS. PERFORMANCE OF LONG-RANGE STRATEGIES FOR STEREOSELECTIVE OLEFIN SYNTHESIS E. J. COREY, E. J. COREYSearch for more papers by this authorA. K. LONG, A. K. LONGSearch for more papers by this author E. J. COREY, E. J. COREYSearch for more papers by this authorA. K. LONG, A. K. LONGSearch for more papers by this author First published: October 17, 1978 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.197842001AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume9, Issue42October 17, 1978 RelatedInformation

Computer-assisted synthetic analysis. Performance of long-range strategies for stereoselective olefin synthesis

Computer-assisted synthetic analysis. Performance of long-range strategies for stereoselective olefin synthesis

How much is an acquisition worth?

Merritt Kastens is an independent adviser on long-range strategies to companies in the United States and other countries. In this article he emphasizes that an acquisition strategy is always only one of several possible alternatives to achieve a desired objective. Furthermore, an acquisition is only a good strategy if the objective is valid and is thoroughly understood — and if the price is right. Determining the right price is not so complicated as it has sometimes been made to seem if the buyer will keep clearly in mind that he is buying a business in order to make money.

Ownership and Political Ecology

The studies presented in this symposium demonstrate how sophisticated anthropologists have become in following through the connective linkages in local ecosystems and in specifying the parameters of economic change. The Alps, of course, offer a magnificent laboratory to the ecological anthropologist interested in the ramifications, at any given time and over time, of microvariations in altitude, slope, soil, precipitation, temperature, wind, and in the incidence of sunshine and shade. The papers presented here document the importance of these variations on the distribution of men, animals and plants over the landscape, and on the specification and scheduling of work sites and work tasks. All the papers demonstrate how important it is, for any one household at any one time, to achieve a balance between unimpeded access to an effective combination of resources characterized by such heterogeneity, and the operation of the jural rules concerning who owns what. In fact, much of the data on cultural ecology in the Alps could be phrased as the outcome of a continuing game against a centrifugally organized environment by populations equipped with two sets of ambiguous and often contradictory rules. To survive in such an environment, a population must organize its resources into viable resource bundles, whatever the requirements of property and inheritance. It does so largely, to adopt the parlance used by Robert Netting in his paper, through the development of long-range strategies of expansion, intensification, and regulation. At the same time, the dynamics of ownership by individual households often run counter to these long-range strategies by favoring short-term realignments of resources according to another set of rules, the rules of property and succession to rights in property. The symposium papers take us a long way on the road towards a better understanding of the phenomena involved. Eschewing a static analysis of jural rights, they offer a processual view of ownership, in its varied ecological and social parameters. They thus also point the direction in which analysis must go, adumbrated perhaps most clearly in Berthoud's paper. The property connexion in complex societies is not merely an outcome of local or regional ecological processes. but a

“対人選択ゲーム”における3人関係過程 I

This paper is the first part of the report on an experiment with the three-person interpersonal choice game, conducted for the purpose of obtaining basic information concerning the dynamic aspects of the three-person game-playing processes, including the formation and the disintegration of coalitions.The rules of this game, symmetric over its three players, ask each of them simultaneously to choose on every trial between the two players besides himself (under conditions A and A+) or among the three players including himself (under conditions B, B+, C, C+). In this first report only the results with the conditions A and A+ are reported. The payoff to players (in game points only, no monetary payment given) on each trial consists of three components: the gain for being chosen, the cost for making a choice, and the special bonus for the two players who choose each other (given only under conditions with the plus sign). For details, see Tables 1 and 2.The Ss were college students, 7 triads each for conditions A and A+, and they were encouraged to make as many points as possible through instruction. Each triad was run for more than 210 trials. The choices made by the three players were fed back to them on every trial.In order to interpret the results we need to know the good strategies for playing this game, but the goodness of a strategy obviously depends on the motive each S may entertain for playing this game. We considered as the likely alternatives the motive of maximizing one's own gain and the motive of maximizing the difference in gain between his and the others'. Also, we thought it important to distinguish the span of strategies, between long-range strategies and short-range ones. As for the long-range strategy, it is undoubtedly recommendable under both motives to form a stable mutual choice relation (coalition) and to maintain it, although condition A+ supplies a stronger incentive to this strategy than A. As for the short-range strategies only the motive of maximizing the difference practically counts, and it provides an incentive to desert the coalition partner by shifting one's choice. The changes in the gain and the difference following defection and the expected immediate retaliation (the former coalition partner also shifting his choice) are depicted in Fig. 2, showing that condition A+ also provides a stronger incentive for defection. As a result, it is expected that the rate of coalition formation and disintegration will both be greater under condition A+ than under A, and the result confirmed this expectation.Other major results, obtained mostly by applying the analysis of covariation, a newly developed data analysis technique by Toda, are as follows: The longer a coalition is maintained, the greater the probability of its further continuation. The triad differences are large, but are fairly well represented by setting up four triad categories, αI, αII, βI and βII. Among triads belonging to αI, αII categories, the long range strategies appear popular, and βII triads show a definite favor for the short range ones. The effect of the condition difference upon the overall behavior of triads is far less significant than that of the difference in categories, or strategies employed by each triad.