Long-distance Passenger Trains Research Articles

Acoustic Impact of Rail Transport on Residential Areas of the City of Voronezh

Introduction: Adverse human health effects of railway noise are examined in many foreign and domestic studies. The purpose of our work was to assess the noise impact of rail transport and its contribution to creating an acoustic discomfort zone in residential areas of the city of Voronezh. Materials and methods: We took 36 noise measurements at nine monitoring points in the residential area of single-family housing construction at the distances of 25, 50, and 75 meters from the main local source of noise, i.e. railway traffic, including long-distance and suburban passenger trains. The “Assistant” sound level meter (accuracy class 1) was used for measurements taken in November 2023 – January 2024 on weekends (Sat–Sun) in the daytime and at night. Contribution of railway transport to the overall noise level was then estimated. Results: Field measurements showed that in the daytime, the equivalent noise level along the railway track exceeded hygienic standards by 1.4 to 1.7 dBA in the absence of railway traffic due to the proximity to a highway (70 m) and by 14 to 18.6 dBA in its presence; at night – by 2.2 to 3.2 dBA and by 25 to 29.9 dBA, respectively. This means that during 24 hours, 30 % of the territory of the study object is exposed to higher noise levels in the absence of railway traffic. During the passage of long-distance passenger trains and suburban electric trains, the discomfort zone increases to 60 % in the daytime and to 100 % at night. Conclusions: In our case, rail transport noise pollution can be reduced by installing additional translucent noise shields, landscaping the adjacent territory to separate residential buildings from railway tracks, and planting trees and shrubs. In general, when designing railway lines and their infrastructure facilities, it is important to envisage sanitary gaps with modern means of protection against noise.

Low-Cost Long-Distance Passenger Train Model

The introduction of low-cost long-distance passenger trains will improve transport availability, expand the geography of routes, increase train departure frequency, resulting thus in growth of passenger turnover and carriers’ incomes. From the standpoint of national economy, the emergence of trains of that kind will contribute to better transport mobility of population, labour market balance, tourist attractiveness of the country and its regions, to increase in GDP thanks to multiplicative effect. As a result of active implementation of state support measures for development of regional aviation, construction of high-speed highways, introduction of car sharing services, in recent years there has been a significant increase in competition in the long-distance passenger transportation market. Each segment of this market requires meeting the needs and expectations of a certain type of customer, reflecting the age, education, type of activity, income, physical condition of a passenger. The competitiveness of a particular type of transportation in the modern world, is based, first, on the widespread growth in the value of time as of a significant resource of human life, and consequently in speed of movement along all the route (from door to door) since life expectancy, in addition to extensive factors (hightech healthcare, healthy nutrition, etc.) evolves at the expense of intensive factors also which certainly include the saving of time for movement. The objective of this article is to describe the business model of a low-cost long-distance railway passenger carrier, to analyse technical, technological, organizational factors that form the model using the methods of economic analysis, observation, and comparison. It is concluded that key conditions for functioning of the model of a low-cost long-distance passenger carrier comprise among others operation of modern energy-efficient rolling stock, flexibility and promptness in development of the route network, identification of the travel frequency and the composition of low-cost trains.

An optimization model to assign seats in long distance trains to minimize SARS-CoV-2 diffusion.

The unprecedented spread of SARS-CoV-2 has pushed governmental bodies to undertake stringent actions like travel regulations, localized curfews, curb activity participation, etc. These restrictions assisted in controlling the proliferation of the virus; however, they severely affected major economies. This compels policymakers and planners to devise strategies that restrain virus spread as well as operationalize economic activities. In this context, we discuss some of the potential implications of seat inventory management in long-distance passenger trains and create a balance between operators’ operational efficiency and passengers’ safety. The paper introduces a novel seat assignment policy that aims to mitigate virus diffusion risk among passengers by reducing interaction among them. A mixed-integer linear programming problem has been formulated that concomitantly maximizes the operator’s revenue and minimizes virus diffusion. The validity of the model has been tested using real-life data obtained from Indian Railways. The computational results show that a mere 50% capacity utilization may distress operators’ economics and prove ineffectual in controlling SARS-CoV-2 transmission. The proposed model produces encouraging results in restricting virus diffusion and improving revenue even under 100% capacity utilization.

On the Issue of Assigning Additional Stops for Long-Distance Passenger Trains within the Boundaries of the City of Moscow

In many world’s most populous cities, railways are an integral part of urban transport systems. Commuter and intraurban passenger railway traffic is often and widely considered in this context. On the other hand, the constant growth in passenger traffic of longdistance trains, traditionally gravitating towards railway stations and adjacent urban transport hubs, including metro stations through which arriving passengers pass towards their final destinations in the city, requires search for new solutions to improve comfort of the trip for passengers, and to remove the excess load from the urban transit system. Considering the experience and features of organization of long-distance passenger railway traffic in various countries, the authors based on previous research suggests certain solutions regarding Moscow railway hub. To organize comfortable environment for passengers of all categories of trains, it is advisable to develop a balanced technology of train traffic within the Moscow junction, excluding overloading of individual elements of the transport system (in particular, of rail stations in the city center). The objective of the article is to analyze global experience in organizing traffic of long-distance passenger trains within the boundaries of large agglomerations and to develop proposals to organize additional stopping points for long-distance trains in various districts of Moscow, which will help reduce the load on central transport and interchange hubs, improve quality of transportation services for passengers, and develop the districts of Moscow and Moscow region adjacent to the new TIHs.

PROTOTYPE REGENERATOR OKSIGEN BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLER PADA KERETA JARAK JAUH

<p class="Abstrak"><strong><em>Abstract: </em></strong><em>As is known on long-distance passenger trains there is only air conditioning as nothing produces oxygen. While in a closed room the change of air is needed in order to breathe enough oxygen. This is necessary so that the CO2 in the train is not inhaled by passengers in a long time and in large quantities. Please note that CO2 levels that are already classified as high in human health reach 1500 ppm. At that point humans began. If this happens it will certainly reduce the level of comfort of passengers traveling on the train. The manufacture of this tool uses sensors MQ-135 and MQ-2 as detectors of air quality controlled by Arduino Uno as the processor. The output from the previous process is the ozone generator which will produce oxygen and an air pump.</em></p><p class="Abstrak"><em> </em></p><strong><em>Keyword</em></strong><em> : CO<sub>2</sub>, arduino uno, ozone generator</em>

FORMATION OF THE PASSENGER ORIENTATION SYSTEM ON THE PLATFORM OF THE RAILWAY STATIONS OF UKRAINE

In The paper proposes integrated approach to the formation of a system of passenger orientation on the platforms of Ukrainian railway stations: sectorization; additional information of variable and constant type; development functions for the mobile app. For the theoretical substantiation of the proposed orientation system in the work using the simulation tool AnyLogic, simulations of different scenarios of boarding of passengers on trains platform Kharkov-Passenger. Additional features for the passenger mobile application have been developed. This will reduce the disorientation of passengers, improve the quality of service at the stations and increase the reliability of the train schedule at the passenger stations of Ukraine. The practical experience application of the above measure in the countries of Western Europe and the countries of Asia has proved his effective. Many scientific works are devoted to the study of building efficient passenger orientation systems at railway stations. These studies are based on research on the theory and practice of navigation (Wayfinding). In the tasks of research it is important to solve the problems of imperfection of information and information support of passengers at the railway stations of Ukraine; improve the quality of passenger service; improve and propose an effective system of functional-time-spatial organization of passenger flows; reduce the impact of inconvenience on passengers on platforms that put them in a stressful state and, as a consequence, reduce the level of danger on station platforms. The higher the level of service, the more passengers will use rail services, but it should be remembered that there should be a balance between increasing the level of service and the number of services and the cost of transporting passengers. Otherwise passenger traffic will not be profitable. Thus, the improvement of the system of orientation of passengers at the railway stations of Ukraine is urgent and requires a decision. Further investigation should investigate the application of the proposed passenger orientation systems to conventional long-distance passenger trains.

Analysis of Accessibility of Railway Transport for Residents of Large Urban Agglomerations

The study is focused on improvement of passenger transportation by rail transport, its availability, quality of related services for residents of large agglomerations. Correlation of growth in speed of movement of passengers, distance of travel, range and quality of services provided by the carrier, as well as planning of passenger traffic and spatial urban development models are considered. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the improvement of passenger transportation by rail transport by assigning stops for long-distance passenger trains (including fast, speed and highspeed trains) in suburban areas of large agglomerations, since that aspect has not been yet sufficiently studied.It is concluded that it is necessary to continue research on transportation needs of the population of the agglomerations, to identify the features and patterns of changes in passenger traffic, emerging and redeeming in the suburban areas of the largest cities. This will allow transportation companies to better understand the transport services market, to develop and offer new transportation products to the population. That approach can increase the attractiveness of rail transport and its availability for the population of many cities thanks to a significant reduction in weighted average costs and travel time expenditures for passengers.

The purpose of long-distance passenger trains in public passenger transport system

Current economical trends create new requirements to population mobility. People always travel for many reasons and they are very dependent on the system of passenger transport. There are several modes of transport, but passengers mostly use road and rail transport. Passenger transport system is influenced by many qualitative factors with various impacts. Long-distance passenger trains have got significant position on the transport market, what represents demand and offer in the passenger transport system. These trains connects far places therefore transport accessibility in the region or country is better and passenger railway transport is more attractive for traveling public. This article is focused on main purpose of these trains from operational and economical point of view.

Improving On-Time Performance for Long-Distance Passenger Trains Operating on Freight Routes

This paper discusses on-time performance (OTP) for long-distance passenger trains operating over tracks that are owned and operated by freight railroads. OTP is addressed primarily from the point of view of the host railroad. A brief literature review identifies practices that are commonly used by railroads and other modes to develop and implement achievable schedules. Analysis of travel time, train delay and other data for Amtrak trains operating on CSXT's I95 Corridor documents actual levels of reliability and the primary causes of poor OTP. Comparison of performance for passenger trains and various classes of freight trains demonstrates that Amtrak trains operate much faster and more reliably than CSXT's trains. Potential means of improving the OTP of Amtrak trains are discussed. While providing high quality track with sufficient capacity is the long-run solution for upgrading OTP, a short-run solution is to base schedules on past performance ("experience-based scheduling"). After Amtrak increased the schedule of the Auto Train by one hour in 2006, OTP improved from less than 10% in early 2006 to 82% for the first half of 2008. Analysis of the travel time distributions of the other long-distance Amtrak trains operating on CSXT's I95 Corridor from 2004 to 2008 indicates that a similar schedule increase would also have brought these other trains close to Amtrak's goal of 80% OTP. Schedules that reflect track maintenance requirements and other known seasonal and weekly factors would allow further improvements in measured OTP. Additional measures of performance concerning the probability and extent of late arrivals would be beneficial to travelers in planning their trips.

Capacity Management on Long-Distance Passenger Trains of Indian Railways

In this paper, we discuss a model to allocate train capacity among multiple travel segments on an Indian Railways train route with several stops. We use a linear programming model and data preprocessing and postprocessing to determine the optimal capacity allocation on multiple travel legs. The model uses a simple, effective capacity management tool. For historical and social reasons, Indian Railways splits its train capacity based on user and type of travel. Determining the optimal split of such capacity is nontrivial. We deal with the specific issue of the spatial split of seats in an end-to-end travel segment within a given travel class. This addresses the needs of end-to-end and en route travelers. When we applied our model to 17 Indian Railways trains, we achieved increases of 2.6 to 29.3 percent in revenue, 6.7 to 30.8 percent in load factors, and 8.4 to 29 percent in passengers carried.

Do North American Railroads Understand Their Costs?: Implications for Strategic Decision Making

There is considerable evidence that railroads have misunderstood their own cost structures since before the turn of the 20th century. This persistent management failure to recognize costs led, in the early 20th century, to a failure to recognize that certain lines of business (e.g., long-distance passenger trains) were money losers and also led to excessive reliance on petitions for general rate increases instead of commodity- and service-specific rates. The downward rate trend since industry deregulation in 1981, the failure to recognize or profit from the value that shippers place on high-quality service, and a focus on cost-cutting rather than revenue growth suggest that the industry is still uncertain of the relationship between revenue, costs, and service quality. The result has been a loss of rail capacity, through reductions in the train and engine workforce and through abandonment of a large part of the national rail network. Reductions in the workforce and in track capacity have reduced net investment and the industry’s ability to compete for high-value commodities. Meanwhile, equipment productivity has risen far less than worker productivity, and equipment ownership and maintenance costs typically account for 40 to 60 percent of total direct movement costs. Returns must increase if investment in capacity is to be justified financially. Raising rates, the free-market response to capacity shortages, will raise public policy questions as additional traffic is diverted to the highways. A proper understanding of its cost structure will help the railroad industry make the right decisions for the future.