London Journal Research Articles

Richmond’s Rhetoric and Chatham’s Collapse: A Media History

John Singleton Copley’s The Death of the Earl of Chatham has been discussed extensively by art historians, but little critical attention has been paid to written accounts of the debate between the Duke of Richmond and the Earl of Chatham nor the process by which they evolved into the strikingly uniform descriptions found in biographies of Chatham and in parliamentary histories both contemporary and modern. A letter from Walker King to Richard Burke, Jr., written within hours of the event, offers a compelling new perspective on what may have been said on the floor of Lords on 7 April 1778 and raises questions about the role of the London newspapers and journals in not only reporting parliamentary debates but also editorially controlling how they passed into history. The mysterious disappearance of inflammatory rhetoric found in more immediate newspaper reports suggests particular political reasons for such omissions and subsequent adjustments to the historical and visual record. Such findings in turn posit the desirability of an enhanced method for reconstructing parliamentary debates based on the accessibility of the digital Burney newspaper collection.

The Value of the Festschrift : A Dying Genre?

With its nearly untranslatable German title, the Festschrift is a charming survivor of a more collegial academic age: essays written by colleagues and former students to celebrate the career of an eminent scholar upon retirement. Such homage is nothing less than a generous and always touching gesture, although it seems that university presses are more and more reluctant to publish such gatherings. As someone who has contributed to a number of Festschriften, I can see why. One is asked to write an essay; one wonders just what would be appropriate. Should the essay engage directly and fully with the honoree's own work? Gordon Turnbull's essay Imagining Selves: Essays Honor of Patricia Meyer Spacks (edited by Rivka Swenson and Elise Lauterbach [Delaware, 2008]) - London Journal, 1762-63, and Frances Sheridan's The Discovery: Imagining the Maternal - is an instance of such genuine and effective engagement. Turnbull echoes Spacks's Imagining a Self: Autobiography and Novel Eighteenth-Century England (1976) not just his title but his tracing of links between Sheridan's play as Spacks has written about it and fundamental aspects of Boswell's life as rendered his London Journal. Boswell's relationship to his father and his attempts London to form his character are mirrored Sheridan's comedy, Turnbull writes, in strikingly precise and detailed inversion (192). Sheridan had asked Boswell to write a prologue for her play (brutally rejected by her husband, Thomas Sheridan), but the play itself as Turnbull examines it offers a potential mirror for the young man who his journal explores various literary models for self-formation. The play's moral center, Lady Medway, can be seen as a corrective for Boswell's pious mother whose Calvinist lessons had blighted his youth, just as Lady Medway's feckless husband and her upright son, Colonel Medway, reverse the roles and relationship Boswell had with his father. Turnbull explores Boswell's response to the Sheridans and to the play fascinating and completely convincing detail.However, such direct engagement with the honoree's work is rare a Festschrift. More often, one contributes simply what one is currently working on (or indeed an unpublished piece the desk drawer). What happens is that the contributor's current interest is linked, sometimes profitably and extensively, sometimes simply very briefly out of politeness, with the honoree's work. These nods provide only a modicum of unity to such collections, and a Festschrifl is generally a very mixed bag indeed, a book that fact only the dedicatee and some of the contributors themselves will really want to read, or a book that will inevitably be of only partial interest to many. It's hard, especially these dire economic times, to predict the future of the Festschrift, but I would say that it is a dying genre, and Imagining Selves displays the virtues that make this demise a pity as well as the limitations that may make it inevitable.Imagining Selves is, inevitably, a very miscellaneous volume. The title echoes Professor Spacks's influential book: Imagining a Self, although that phrase is so general that not much the way of unity is gained by it. Swenson and Lauterbach group the essays into three parts, thereby claiming at least some unity of theme or approach those sections. But one quickly forgets these very generalized headings - Genre and Image, Reputation and Reception, and Rereading and Retelling - as one reads the essays. That this Festschrift lacks real unity will surprise no one. Nonetheless, there are a number of very good essays here and several truly excellent offerings, like Turnbull's, that save the volume from being merely a gracious tribute. To be sure, there are a couple of pieces that very few readers of this journal will find of interest, since they have nothing to do with the eighteenth century - Jerome McGann's Laura Riding Jackson and Unabashed Storifying; or, The Story of 'Queen Story' and Margery Sabin's Modern Variations on the Theme of Privacy: Language and the Private Self. …

Leigh Hunt's London Journal

Marchand identifies "Leigh Hunt's London Journal" as mine for information on the social or literary history of Pre-Victorian England. It was published from April 2, 1834, and ended abruptly on December 26, 1835.

The future London Journal of Primary Care.

RCGP London is proud of the London Journal of Primary Care. We are determined to support a transition to its next phase that should continue its high quality and increase its impact. Four years of publication have seen the success of the formula of twice-yearly themed editions. It allows the journal to print side-by-side papers that are authored by senior academics with international authority, and papers authored by local practitioners that describe grass-roots innovations. The editorial team actively seeks papers that provide a breadth of perspectives, and supports the authors to link their contributions together. This helps readers to see more of an integrated whole picture than is possible in journals that are usually constrained by papers that are spontaneously submitted. RCGP London would like this formula to be developed, to link journal papers with faculty-led educational activities. We would like teams to surround each theme, some securing and supporting the best papers, and others hosting conferences and training courses for people to learn from the themes. We want clinical commissioning groups to write up their best work for the journal, and contribute to the identification of the best themes. In this way the journal could nurture a network of practitioners and managers to explore ways to create a high quality, primary care-led NHS. This successful formula has a down-side – it is difficult to secure enough funds to facilitate the production of papers and also provide print copies. We have to face a stark decision – whether to close the print edition and compensate with enhanced e-communication, or continue with a print version which is heavily dependent on pharmaceutical sponsorship. Whichever publication choice we make, the need for engagement and involvement is paramount. Commissioning papers and generating copy is hard work! Will academic authors want to contribute to a paper with up to 40% advertising space? How will the editorial team commission enough for four publications a year? How can we help make complex issues – and articles – of interest and value to ‘jobbing’ GPs? How can members and faculty boards get involved to create educational activities around future Journal themes? How can we create and maintain interest in a web-published journal? There is no doubt in my mind that there exists the interest, enthusiasm and skills to give the journal a viable and vibrant future. How best can we make that happen? Please contribute to the faculty debate about this important decision. Tony Burch Chair RCGP London Email: moc.liamg@hcrubynot

London Landscape – Book Review

London Landscape – Book Review

Improving quality of care

Practice NursingVol. 22, No. 5 Guest EditorialImproving quality of careNick GoodwinNick GoodwinSearch for more papers by this authorNick GoodwinPublished Online:29 Sep 2013https://doi.org/10.12968/pnur.2011.22.5.222AboutSectionsView articleView Full TextPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail View article References The King's Fund (2011) Improving the Quality of Care in General Practice. The King's Fund, London Google Scholar FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byIdentificación de indicadores de buenas prácticas en gestión clínica y sanitariaJournal of Healthcare Quality Research, Vol. 33, No. 2Impact of referral templates on the quality of referrals from primary to secondary care: a cluster randomised trial29 August 2015 | BMC Health Services Research, Vol. 15, No. 1The Influence of Human Factors on Access and Scheduling of Primary Care ServicesMeeting the needs of vulnerable patients: The need for team working across general practice and community nursing services15 January 2016 | London Journal of Primary Care, Vol. 6, No. 6Busy doing different things1 June 2011 | British Journal of General Practice, Vol. 61, No. 587Could GP commissioning enable collaboration throughout the NHS?7 October 2015 | London Journal of Primary Care, Vol. 4, No. 1 1 May 2011Volume 22Issue 5ISSN (print): 0964-9271ISSN (online): 2052-2940 Metrics History Published online 29 September 2013 Published in print 1 May 2011 Information© MA Healthcare LimitedPDF download

The book of death: weighing your heart

(2011). The book of death: weighing your heart. London Journal of Primary Care: Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 87-88.

Notice of Intent to Digitize Back Issues of <I>The London Journal</I>

With the help of Maney Publishing, The London Journal Trust intend to scan and make available in electronic form the back issues of The London Journal. As a means of easy access to previously published papers, of which few members and institutional subscribers will have copies, we expect this to be a considerable enhancement to all interested readers and keep alive an archive of important scholarly work for the future. Many of you will be familiar with the current procedure in which authors assign copyright (for both print and electronic publication) to The London Journal Trust. This does not limit an author’s ability to reuse material, but ensures that Maney, on the Trust’s behalf, can protect the copyright internationally. The papers we published previously, in back issues, were not administered in this way, nor was permission sought to obtain electronic rights. Such a form of publishing was never conceived. It would exceed the resources available to the Trust to identify all the authors who have previously contributed to The London Journal and obtain their (or their Estate executors’ where an author is deceased) permission to republish their work electronically. In any case, we are very doubtful that the addresses that we had at the time of publication are still current. We are therefore writing this notice to ask for any authors who object to the proposed policy to let us know as soon as possible. We think it will be a pity, but if the permission is withdrawn, we will reluctantly omit their work from the scanned back archive. This will inevitably distort the record to a certain extent, but we will respect the decision. We expect this notice will be seen and read by most people involved in the activities of The London Journal Trust, and we would be grateful if you could draw it to the attention of all your colleagues. We will be proceeding with this scanning project in the next few months, and need to ensure that notice of our intentions is disseminated widely.

The Three Ages of Aerial Vision: London's Aerial Iconography from Wenceslaus Hollar to Google Earth

This commentary on the special issue of the London Journal on aerial photography also considers other contributions to the original colloquium at the University of Westminster in 2008. It argues that there has been a significant democratization of the view from above in recent years, associated with new high buildings, air travel, and digital technologies. It suggests that we may be at the beginning of a distinctive third 'age of aerial vision' of London, following earlier periods when the view was dominated first by the creative imagination, and then by the technology of photography. Developments such as immersive computing and 3D cinema indicate that London's 'aerial iconography' may be particularly suited to a period where the aerial view is kinetic and interactive. London's incoherence and visual complexity, for so long seen as problematic by those seeking to grasp the city from above, creates an excellent opportunity for play and exploration.

London's children: more than mini adults.

Welcome to this issue of the London Journal of Primary Care, with its focus on children. Children account for nearly 1 in 4 of London's population and despite the city's wealth (ranked as 6th worldwide), Rhys Farthing reminds us that over 40% of London's children live in poverty. The repercussions of this fact on health are part of our professional experience and played out in our day to day contact with children and their families. If the NHS is more than a service to deal with sickness but to promote health and improve health inequalities, what does this mean for us? Although recent government announcements look to press pause on developments such as polyclinics and polysystems, there will be many GPs and other primary care staff, who will continue to see more urgently unwell children than before. Nicky Cootes offers advice and guidance including links to further educational resources on how to prepare for this, and to feel confident in dealing with unwell children. In Claire Gerada's editorial she questions the need for specialist paediatric primary care doctors and the potential harms if we lose the generalist GP role. Meanwhile, Terry Bamford in his editorial argues the case for greater involvement of family doctors in safeguarding in light of the Baby P case here in London. As does Sonia Saxena, who proposes that the absence of GP involvement in caring for urgently unwell children, and changes to the delivery of out of hours care may be explanatory factors in the rising trend in hospital admissions observed among children. In this issue, we have a range of articles that review the management of children across a range of conditions from vitamin D deficiency, common eye problems, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder to the ethical maze of consent among children and young people.

Primary care management of acute illness in children.

(2010). Primary care management of acute illness in children. London Journal of Primary Care: Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 10-11.

James Boswell and the Uses of Criticism

"James Boswell and the Uses of Criticism" argues that Boswell's London Journal offers a unique perspective on the social dynamics of printed criticism. Though unconventional and at first glance self-defeating, publishing was crucial to Boswell's project of social self-advancement. Scurrilous and surreptitious, collaborative and confrontational, Boswell's brief (and mostly ignominious) career as a critic in London throws into sharp relief the way criticism could be used, not to regulate the taste of an impersonal public, but to mediate relationships between authors.

Rakes, Highwaymen, and Pirates: The Making of the Modern Gentleman in the Eighteenth Century (review)

Reviewed by: Rakes, Highwaymen, and Pirates: The Making of the Modern Gentleman in the Eighteenth Century Carolyn D. Williams (bio) Erin Mackie. Rakes, Highwaymen, and Pirates: The Making of the Modern Gentleman in the Eighteenth Century. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2009. xii+232pp. US$55. ISBN 978-0-8018-9088-8. Erin Mackie is to be congratulated on the range, scholarship, and critical perception in her study of some disquieting resemblances between deviant masculine types and perfect gentlemen. John Dryden and Lord Rochester, Joseph Addison and Richard Steele, George Etherege and John Gay, and Daniel Defoe’s Colonel Jack (1722) as well as his Compleat English Gentleman (1728–29) are all used to support her views on “the stubbornly tenacious imbrication of the criminal and the gentleman conventional within early eighteenth-century culture” (13). She argues that the criminality of rakes has often passed unnoticed, or at least unreproved. One cause is the tolerant acceptance that “boys will be boys” (37), stemming from “the modern emphasis on sexuality as a confirmation of masculinity” (9). Another is the tendency of crime historians to concentrate on the poor, with the ironic consequence that upper-class offenders who paid no court penalty for their crimes now evade condemnation at the bar of history. Drawing on criminal biographies and Samuel Richardson’s Clarissa (1747–48), Mackie likens the rakish Lovelace, rooted in “the matrix of seventeenth-century issues of authority, absolutism, and masculinity” (61), to James Hind, Claude Duval, and Philip Stafford, “those few highwaymen who are figured as ‘gentlemanly’ or ‘gallant’” (77), and who enacted either the “martial and political imperatives” or the “excesses” of the Stuart court (83). She finds a parallel in seventeenth-century politics for the “doubled quality and consequent potential for reversals of authority ” in criminal biography (76). This stage of her argument ends in a critical tour de force, when she discusses the presence of Mr Spectator and Captain Macheath among the role models mentioned in James Boswell’s London journals (1762–63). She argues that these examples are not incompatible extremes of a violently swinging pendulum, but “mutually constitutive positions more or less simultaneously available in Boswell’s psyche” (85). The riddle’s solution lies in the journal’s status as a “work of imaginative description” (89). Mackie realizes that her rake/highwayman template does not fit pirates: like Stephen Gregg and Hans Turley, she is “intrigued and sometimes perplexed by the juxtaposition of the pirate’s hypermasculinity with the absence of piratical sexuality” (120). Defoe’s enigmatic Captain Singleton (1720) does not entirely resolve these quandaries. Colonial history is a much more productive approach. She performs original and enlightening investigations into “sociocultural features [End Page 549] that plantation slave and ship societies, and Maroon and pirate societies as well, share in common” (141). Making frequent connections with the present day, she notes that “early modern piracy has an analogue in late modern West Indian youth gangs” (125), while the Rastafarians have much in common with “the separatist Maroon communities with their focus on spiritual righteousness” (127). She even finds evidence in Alexander Esquemelin’s Bucaniers of America (1684) for the origin of the zombie, who, “like the comatose indentured servant, is a being whose identity and will are slaughtered in service to the exactions of unfree labour” (135). Finally, Mackie’s readings of Frances Burney’s Evelina (1778) and William Godwin’s Caleb Williams (1794) emphasize “their continuity with earlier novelistic ‘precursor’ forms such as the criminal biography” (150). She examines Burney’s “variations on the ‘gentleman highwayman’ theme” (164), while making it clear that the true gentleman is Lord Orville, “more purely perfect” even than Samuel Richardson’s exemplary Sir Charles Grandison (172). Godwin, however, depicts a nightmare world where members of the upper classes are unwilling or unable to bring about reform. Mackie invokes Edmund Burke’s Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790) to reveal Falkland, a failed would-be Grandison, as “the gothic specter of Burke’s definition of chivalry” (183). She brings her argument to a triumphant conclusion by showing how Godwin utilizes criminal biography as a crucially important element in the development of his hero’s character: “it is...

Vigny's Kitty Bell, Eugène Sue's Mathilde and 'Kitty Bell'

The tales 'Kitty Bell' and 'Giulio and Eleanor' appeared as interpolations in the serial 'Mary Lawson by M. Eugene Sue', published in The London Journal , a penny weekly, during 1850/51. Handwriting and other clues identify G. W. M. Reynolds as the compiler of this novel from three manuscript sources, and as the pseudonymous correspondent 'K.T.' whose letter to Charlotte, claiming 'Kitty Bell' as a 'paraphrase' of Jane Eyre, has prompted the theory that 'Kitty Bell' was a plagiarism of the novel. The name Kitty Bell and associated topics appear among the works by Alfred de Vigny and Eugène Sue that contributed to Charlotte's literary formation. In that context, this article develops the view, first advanced by Mrs Ellis H. Chadwick, that Charlotte wrote 'Kitty Bell' as a first attempt at the subject of Jane Eyre. 'Giulio and Eleanor' emerges as her matching sketch for The Professor.

Support the journal.

Welcome to the fourth issue of the London Journal of Primary Care. We hope that you find this journal entertaining, instructive and useful. It is our strong belief that London deserves its own journal and that everyone should be encouraged to contribute towards it. As with all these publications the success depends on the content and readership and as readers of our journal you have the chance to influence the former by submitting and encouraging others to submit articles. You can also become involved by volunteering to be a peer reviewer. Unfortunately funding is a major issue. We would therefore value your help in approaching your PCTs to contribute £2000 sponsorship for London's only primary care journal. Also please subscribe to the journal for your practice library. We are really proud of the achievement of Paul Thomas and his editorial team and would hate to see it fail for lack of funding. This is one example of how the three London Faculties have increased their joint ventures. Our aim is to set up a London wide RCGP body so we can offer quality representation, education and support to our membership across the capital. The journal will be a vehicle for communicating our work. London boasts the highest number of trainees in the UK (not that the government or our neighbouring Deaneries are happy with this). This gives us scope to provide our AiTs with the courses and help they need to attain full membership. In conclusion we would reiterate the need for financial support and hope that you are able to help keep our excellent editorial board in business. Please contact the faculty office if you can help. Email: ku.gro.pgcr@CPJL

Improving access to psychological therapies: the intention.

(2009). Improving access to psychological therapies: the intention. London Journal of Primary Care: Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 50-51.

New Light on Crumb's Boswell

This article considers a pair of strange bedfellows, the diarist James Boswell and the cartoonist R. Crumb. In 1981, Crumb published a comic-book adaptation of Boswell's London Journal . This essay considers that comic from several angles: as a veiled autobiography, as a Hogarthian satire, and as a parody of the Classics Illustrated comic books of the forties and fifties. Crumb's adaptation, I argue, helps us to a new appreciation of key aspects of Boswell's text: its visual properties (or lack thereof), its generic status, and its relation to the 1950s world which provided it with a mass audience.

George I Goes to the Masquerade (1721)

123 ‘‘The writers I was much more conscious of while writing are Sterne and Dickens and Swift.’’ (1983) ‘‘I didn’t consciously think of a single writer as a model. Even the correspondences with Sterne were for a time unconscious, and I only realized that Tristram Shandy had gone before me when I was some way into the drafts. When I remembered it, I did little bits of stylistic underlining, to make sure that people knew that I knew.’’ (1983) (Conversations with Salman Rushdie, ed. Michael Reder, Mississippi, 2000, pp. 2, 17, 47.) JAVIER MARIAS AND STERNE In Spanish novelist Javier Marı́as’s 1989 novel, All Souls, one of the Oxford dons, Toby Rylands, retires at age 70 but asserts that ‘‘I am not inactive. I’m writing the best book ever on Laurence Sterne and his Sentimental Journey. . . . I love that book and it matters to me that it should be properly understood . . . .’’ Unfortunately, Rylands dies before he puts a word to paper, but the allusion to Sterne is not entirely unexpected: Marı́as translated Tristram Shandy into Spanish in 1978. APHRA BEHN ONLINE The editors invite submissions for the inaugural edition of The Aphra Behn Online: Interactive Journal for Women in the Arts 1640–1830, an annual publication which serves as a forum for interactive scholarly discussion. The online format will be comprised of four divisions: Scholarship, Pedagogy , New Media Applications, and Reviews . The journal is associated with the Aphra Behn Society and hosted by the University of South Florida. For the first edition, articles, essays, and reviews on women’s poetry from 1660–1830 are especially welcome. Text submissions should be 5,000 to 8,000 words in electronic form, using MS Word or RTF formatting. Guidelines for each section can be found on the website: http://www.aphrabehn.org/ aphraonline/. FRYE REDUX The Collected Works of Northrop Frye (University of Toronto Press) has reached volume 17 (2005), ‘‘Writings on the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries.’’ Four pieces addressed to the earlier period (though not quite returning to the heart of Scriblerian territory), are here reprinted, two of them landmark essays, ‘‘Towards Defining an Age of Sensibility’’ (ELH, 1956) and ‘‘Varieties of Eighteenth-Century Sensibility’’ (ECS, 1990–91). Also included are two book reviews , one of Frederick Pottle’s edition of Boswell’s London Journal, and the other of Bonamy Dobrée’s English Literature in the Early Eighteenth Century. CORRECTION Ilias Chrissochoidis’s ‘‘George I Goes to the Masquerade (1721)’’ in Scriblerian, 42, No. 1 (Autumn 2009) contained an error in stanza 6, line 2 (p. 48). It should read: ‘‘That he never had felt such soft Bubbies before,’’ and we thank Dr. Georgianna Ziegler, Louis B. Thalheimer, Head of Reference at the Folger Shakespeare Library, for her help with this. The correct transcription appears in the online version of the issue, currently available through ProQuest. NOTICE Aubrey Williams’s obituary published in the Autumn 2009 issue was printed from an imperfect copy. Infelicities crept into the tribute during the editing process and are not the fault of its authors. We regret our oversights . The revised transcription will appear in the online version of the issue, available through ProQuest. 47 numerable unknown pre-publication ‘‘readers’’ and ‘‘correctors,’’ they overcome a lack of interest in modernization by printers themselves. Although close analysis unsurprisingly shows the decline of the majusculeand italic-laden text to have been spasmodic , Mr. Wendorf charts this process precisely and eruditely, calibrating it to changes in taste. GEORGE I GOES TO THE MASQUERADE (1721) Ilias Chrissochoidis Students of early Hanoverianism will be intrigued by the discovery of an anonymous two-volume manuscript recently acquired by the Folger Shakespeare Library. Packed with Jacobite poetry, it includes among others a libelous satire on the dynasty ’s founder. George I disliked (and was disliked in) his new kingdom. He barely knew English, loathed British political freedoms, and spent as much time as he could in his native principality. What he certainly liked about London was opera (his sponsorship of the Royal Academy of Music raised Britain’s music profile) and particularly masquerades, introduced by opera manager John James Heidegger. A huge cash machine, this type of aristocratic...

THE PERFECT GENTLEMAN

Erin Mackie explores how Mr Spectator became one persona through which James Boswell represents himself in his London Journal (1762–63), providing an antitype of the ‘rake’ persona which Boswell derives in part from Macheath in The Beggar's Opera. In this antithesis most attention falls on Macheath, but Mackie notes that in Tatler 27 Richard Steele creates a sentimental portrait of the rake as ‘the most agreeable of all Bad Characters’. Thus Boswell finds in the Tatler's rake an image of himself which stands in relation to the disapproving Mr Spectator. With this in mind, Mackie notes that the Spectator papers which describe the Mohock riots of March–April 1712 also characterize such displays as innocuous theatrical expressions of youthful ebullience. Boswell, then, finds acceptable dress for his criminal masculinity by casting himself into a ‘mock-heroic impersonation’ whilst using the narrative position provided by Mr Spectator to give himself ‘spectatorial immunity’.

G. W. M. Reynolds in Paris 1835–6: A New Discovery

WILLIAM MAKEPEACE THACKERAY recalled of his days in 1830s Paris that ‘the first money he every received in literature was from G. W. M. Reynolds’, for his contributions to the Paris Literary Gazette, of which Reynolds was the editor.1 Reynolds’ generosity stood him in good stead: in the 1850s, Thackeray was among few Victorian writers to defend Reynolds against contemporary criticism of his radical politics and sensationalist, often lurid, fiction.2 Reynolds was a polarizing figure who angered elite politicians and writers as much as he did working-class socialists. In 1830, at age sixteen, he quit Sandhurst for then-revolutionary Paris, where he published his first novel, edited the Gazette, and launched an Anglophone newspaper and library. By 1837, these successive investments had left him bankrupt. Returning to England, he published fiction in the Monthly Magazine, foreign news analysis in the Weekly Dispatch, and a two-volume study of French literature. In 1845, he assumed editorship of the London Journal, where he clashed with the proprietors over politics (he later became a Chartist) and left to start his own magazine, Reynolds’s Miscellany. His various publications—the Miscellany, the Chartist Political Instructor (1848–9), its successor Reynolds’s Newspaper (from 1850), and his many novels—combined literary and political content and dominated the cheap print market until his retirement in 1869.3