London Branch Research Articles

From Habsburg Agent to Victorian Scholar: G. G. Zerffi 1820-1892 by Tibor s> Frank (review)

REVIEWS 355 This reviewerfound much to enjoy and much that illuminated in Plokhy's dense and fascinating book. Plokhy stresses the many different paths that historycould have taken in the era, and provides a freshand vivid account of the convoluted path it in fact found. Schoolof SlavonicandEast EuropeanStudies ANDREW WILSON University College London Frank,Tibor. FromHabsburg Agentto Victorian Scholar: G. G. ZerffiI820-I892. East European Monographs, 576, and Atlantic Studies on Society in Change, I05. Social Science Monographs and Atlantic Research and Publications, Boulder, CO, 2000. x + 469 pp. Notes. Bibliography. Appendix. Biographies.Index. $40.00. GEORGE GuSTAVUS ZERFFI had not only two careers, as the title of this book suggests, but several, in different countries acting under different names. ProfessorFrankis not only interestedin Zerffihimselfbut in what he describes as the 'varied domains, each one of importance in a very different way' through which his careerpassed, so that this book is notjust a biographybut a history which reveals many dark corners of the time in which he lived. It becomes extensive as Zerffitended to swing from one extreme to the other, leaving a wide area for the historianto examine. This tendency was partlyan inheritance from the rootlessnessof his father, a GermanJew from Hanover, who migrated to the Habsburg Empire 'enlightened' by the EmperorJoseph II. When the empire became less so, Zerffi's father catholicized and magyarized. It is not entirely surprising,therefore, that his son firstachieved fame as a very right wing journalist and editor. Yet with the Hungarian uprising of I848-49 Zerffiwas notjust content with being a captain in the revolutionary army, but became an active member of the extremely radical Society of Equals, though he occupied some of his time devising a 'Plan for the general structureof the Police Ministry',a prophecy of his futurecareer. Franknext gives a historical account of the Austrian secret police and the changes it underwent during Zerffi'slife. He does this because Dr Alexander Bach, the statesman of the Habsburg reaction, having previously been something of a radical himself, conceived the idea of employing penniless, disillusionedrevolutionariessuch as Zerffi,to spyon those like LajosKossuth, still seeking to reignite the revolutionaryflame. Formore than a dozen years Zerffiacted as a police informerfor the Habsburggovernment, firstin Serbia, then Turkeyand finallyin Parisand London. Though many of his nearlytwo hundredreportshave been lost a few are summarizedin the book's appendix. They impressedhis masterswho approved the way he penetrated the groups of rebel exiles, acting as one of them. Frankdescribes Zerffi'sdealings with Bertalan Szemere, once Prime Minister when Kossuth was Governor, but later his implacable foe, and with Karl Marx whose future significance he recognized. Thanks largelyto his associationwith GottfriedKinkel, Zerffifor a time actually became the secretary of the London branch of the Deutscher 356 SEER, 8i, 2, 2003 NationalVerein. Frank also reveals that Zerffi was the anonymous author of severalwell-writtenpro-Habsburgpamphlets. Sacked in I864, partlyas the resultof the two-faced action of his 'minder', Zerffi,when still a spy, had already supplemented his income with a number of freelance jobs. Frank discusses his publication in I859 of an edition of Goethe's Faust,richly supplied with notes in English, slanted to appeal to British evangelical readers. He soon abandoned this approach, however. In i868 he was appointed to what became a life-long lectureship in 'historical ornaments', applied art, chiefly for buildings, at the National Art Training school, laterthe Royal College of Art. The publication of his lecturestogether with a Manualon arthistorywent to severaleditions.Frankisdeeply interested in the historyand aims of the Art College and its influence on Victorian taste. Zerffi revealed a greater break with evangelicalism when he became a disciple of Charles Darwin. Frank places Zerffi among a galaxy of postDarwinian thinkersby some of whom he was influenced. He became indeed an immensely popular anti-clerical secularist lecturer and pamphleteer prophesying a progressive movement to universal brotherhood through the development of science. He became chieflyinterested,however, in what he alludedto as 'thescience of sciences', history treated from a world historicalpoint of view. He sought, according to Frank unsuccessfully, to form a synthesis between the great GermanphilosophersKant, Hegel and Schopenhauerandthepost-Darwinian English and French writers. In I874 he joined the Royal Historical Society, then in...

McLaughlin on Schneer

Reviewed by: London 1900: The Imperial Metropolis Joseph McLaughlin Jonathan Schneer, London 1900: The Imperial Metropolis (New Haven: Yale UP, 1999) Early in London 1900, Jonathan Schneer cites Asa Briggs’ notion of the “world city”: a fount of intellectual creativity and endeavor, an economic powerhouse, a center of communications, an entrepot without parallel, the heart of world finance. New York, he argues, is such a city today. “A hundred years ago,” Schneer suggests, “London was all those things and something beyond, namely the capital of a formally constituted and governed empire upon which the sun never set, an imperial city” (10). London 1900 is Schneer’s ambitious attempt to show how this fact distinguished London’s residents from those of other cities. Schneer’s study also seeks to focus our gaze on the empire’s impact on London, rather than the more traditional scholarly gesture of chronicling how imperialism refashioned the rest of the world. In order to write what amounts to a portrait or snapshot of the imperial metropolis at a closely defined historical moment, Schneer juxtaposes a wide variety of biographical sketches of London residents, some well-known, such as the travel writer Mary Kingsley and the labor leader John Burns, and others not so well-known such as the journalist Flora Shaw and the driving force behind the first Pan-African Conference (1900), Henry Sylvester Williams. Schneer, best known as a historian of late-Victorian and Edwardian labor movements, is the author of two previous biographies: Ben Tillett: Portrait of a Labour Leader (University of Illinois Press, 1982) and George Lansbury (Manchester University Press, 1990). In the current work, his effort to combine more than a dozen smaller biographical works yields a fascinating picture of the imperial politics of the metropolis. In reflecting on the structure of his book, I am reminded of those longer novels of Dickens in which a sizable cast of memorable characters add up to what can best be articulated as London itself. Besides the biographical approach, Schneer also attends to the built environment (the streets, Docklands), popular culture (Sherlock Holmes and the music halls), significant public rituals (the parade of the City Imperial Volunteers on their return from South Africa), and the political life of the imperial metropolis (the Khaki Election of 1900). If there is a significant omission in this book (and how could there not be one in a book so ambitiously comprehensive?), it is the relative silence on matters of imperialism as it influenced commodity consumption and advertisement. Schneer does usefully point readers toward important work by Anne McClintock and Annie Coombes, yet a fuller discussion of consumption would have provided a more persuasive argument about how imperialism saturated the daily lives of Londoners. The second chapter, “The Face of Imperial London,” engagingly discusses the negotiations surrounding the Aldwych-Holborn project that resulted in Kingsway, a compromise between the centralizing desire to enhance imperial grandeur and the vagaries of private enterprise (23). While it is certainly not original to argue that the political culture of London prevented the kind of urban revision carried out by Baron Haussman in Paris, nevertheless, the Kingsway project illustrates a central thesis of Schneer’s, namely that the imperial metropolis was the product of a complex interaction, of reciprocal, occasionally antagonistic forces and processes, of a multiplicity of rhetorics (14). Indeed, the book is organized around this sense of antagonism. Part I, “Imperial London,” includes chapters on “The Face of London,” “The Nexus of Empire” (Docklands), the role of financial imperialism played by the City, and the popular culture of the metropolis. Schneer devotes Part II to “Alternative Imperial Londons,” and discusses the work of women as writers, lecturers, and orchestrater of political salons, the continued efforts of the Irish residing in London to construct a nationalist culture, the careers of Dadabhai Nairoji and other Indians to establish a London Branch of the Indian National Congress (the BCINC), and “Roots of the Pan-African Conference.” In both halves of the book, Schneer is very careful to locate sources of resistance and anti-imperialism. So, for instance, while the London dockers may be laboring on behalf of the empire, their organized and unorganized resistance (strikes...

John Robert Neighbours

John Robert Neighbours, emeritus professor of physics at the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) in Monterey, California, died of an inoperable brain tumor on 16 September 2000 in his Monterey home.Born on 22 November 1924 in Cleveland, Ohio, John served as a US Army photographer in the Pacific theater at the end of World War II. He was among the first US soldiers to enter Nagasaki after it had been devastated by “Fat Man,” the second atomic bomb used in war. After serving almost three years in the Army, he entered the Case Institute of Technology, where he earned three degrees in physics: a BS in 1949, MS in 1951, and PhD in 1953.Immediately after graduation, John served for two years as an assistant professor of physics at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. He joined the scientific laboratory of Ford Motor Co in 1956 as a senior research scientist. In 1959, he became an associate professor of physics at the NPS, which had recently relocated from Annapolis, Maryland, to Monterey. John spent the remainder of his career with the school.John’s physics interests were eclectic: His earlier work (until the 1970s) was in solid-state physics and the properties of materials, but he also was active in the fields of phase transitions, cryogenics, elastic-wave propagation, and energy flow in anisotropic media. Of specific interest to him was that ultrasonic waves propagating in various directions in a single crystal yielded the various elastic constants of the material. In the 1950s and 1960s, John, Charles S. Smith, George A. Alers, and Frank H. Featherston conducted their earliest measurements of the elastic constants of nickel and copper. Later, their measurements included silver, gold, and zinc. The measurements were generalized to high pressures and lower temperatures. John supervised the work of Featherston, who received the first physics PhD granted by the NPS in 1963.Maintaining the NPS as his primary affiliation, John also was the chairman of the physics department at Colorado State University from 1969 to 1970 and a visiting scientist at the Naval Research Laboratory in Washington, DC, periodically during the 1970s. In the early 1970s, John edited two classified editions of Handbook of Laser Effects for the US Navy. His later work involved research in the generation of coherent radiation with relativistic electron beams. John worked as a liaison scientist with the London branch of the Office of Naval Research from 1980 to 1981. During his career, he also consulted for TRW Inc; Sandia Corp (now Sandia National Laboratories); Boeing Research Laboratory; and several Navy laboratories. With us (Buskirk and Maruyama), John predicted and measured microwave Cerenkov radiation as a diffraction phenomenon at the NPS electron linear accelerator in the 1980s.After his retirement from the NPS in 1994, John completed perhaps the greatest task in his career: building almost single-handedly his 28-foot racing sloop Calphurnia. John possibly holds the record for maintaining his position on the waiting list for a slip at Monterey Harbor for the longest period while he constructed the yacht. His other myriad interests included politics, sports, photography, movies, mountaineering, and good Irish whiskey shared with friends.Until the last few days of his illness, John was in good spirits and maintained his sense of humor and his love for family, friends, and stray cats. John Robert Neighbours PPT|High resolution© 2001 American Institute of Physics.

Of vision, virtue, valour and victory.

The year 2000, as either the beginning or the end of a millennium, signals a time for reflection. It is 30 years this month since I first landed on these shores; I was a member of the London Branch of NATN in the 70s. My first NATN congress was in 1977 and my first world congress was in Hawaii in 1983. My most recent NATN congress was in 1997 and I'm about to transfer my membership from overseas to the host branch. Outcome of my reflection - I'm getting old!

The Business Activities of Mitsui&Co.'s London Branch, 1879-1896

The Business Activities of Mitsui&Co.'s London Branch, 1879-1896

Rac and Rho

What are they? Rac and Rho are members of the Ras superfamily of small GTPases, along with the Rabs, Rans, Raps, Rals, and so on. Not to be confused with… Rho, the transcription terminator in prokaryotes, or Rho, the subunit of the GABA receptor, or Rac, the serine/threonine kinase (also called Akt/PKB). How were they discovered? The first Rho gene was discovered by mistake, in 1985, by a group trying to clone a homologue of the α subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin from the sea snail Aplysia. Using the Aplysia Rho sequence, three closely related mammalian genes were cloned, now called RhoA, RhoB and RhoC. Rac was first identified as a substrate for the C3 transferase that modifies Rho (although, in fact, the transferase acts on Rac only inefficiently). There are three mammalian types of Rac: Rac1, Rac2 and Rac3 (sometimes called Rac1B). Do they have any relatives? Lots, mostly with confusing, unmemorable or inappropriate names. Several of them are called Rho (RhoD, RhoE and RhoG) even though they are no more closely related to the original Rho than they are to Rac. What about RhoF, you may ask? Not yet discovered. To confuse matters further, RhoE was re-cloned and renamed Rnd3 well after its sequence was first published. Look out for other family members, such as Cdc42, TTF and TC10, whose names do not conform to the R∗∗ tag that identifies other Ras superfamily members. Why are Rac'n'Rho often mentioned in the same breath? Well, Rac'n'Cdc42 doesn't really trip off the tongue, does it? It might also have something to do with the simultaneous publication in 1992 of two Cell papers describing the functions of Rac and Rho. Where are they found? Homologues of Rho and Rac have been identified in all eukaryotes where anyone has bothered to look, including yeasts, worms, insects, plants and mammals (even camels). But they have not so far been found in prokaryotes. What do they do? Rac and Rho coordinate signal transduction, in league with Ras. Their initial claim to fame was that they regulate actin cytoskeletal organization, but as soon as biologists started investigating the contribution of Rho and/or Rac to their own favourite assays, it became apparent that they are involved in vesicle transport, secretion, phagocytosis, neurite outgrowth, regulation of MAP kinase cascades, activation of transcription factors, apoptosis… Even the cell cycle community eventually awakened to their importance. If you want to avoid Rac and Rho, stick to prokaryotes. How do they work? Like all GTPases, they cycle between a GTP-bound and a GDP-bound form. Dogma has it that they are ‘active’ in the GTP-bound form and ‘inactive’ in the GDP-bound form. Thus, incoming signals should stimulate an increase in the level of the GTP-bound form. Although this was believed to be true for a long time, it has only recently been proved formally. The conformation of Rac and Rho is different when bound to GTP than when bound to GDP, and in the GTP-bound conformation they can interact with downstream targets and thereby induce cellular responses. Who are their known associates? A multitude of directly interacting targets have been identified, including protein kinases (for example, PAKs and Rho-kinases) and a whole range of ‘adaptor’ proteins (for example, POR1 and IQGAP), so-called because they bring together other proteins. Even tubulin can be made to interact with Rac. What all these targets do, and how their activity is altered by Rho and Rac, is the subject of feverish investigation. Do we need them? We don't know yet. Rac2 knockout mice have no major defects, but this is not surprising as Rac2 is specifically expressed only in haematopoetic cells. Other Rho and Rac knockout mice are still in the pipeline. Do they have commercial potential? A Rho-kinase inhibitor made headlines recently, not only for lowering blood pressure in rats with hypertension but also for inhibiting invasion of cancer cells in an animal model. Activation of Rac can either enhance or inhibit invasion of cancer cells, depending on the cell type and the conditions. So, there is certainly therapeutic potential in developing inhibitors and/or activators of Rho and Rac signalling. A Ridley, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University College London Branch, 91 Riding House Street, London W1P 8BT, UK.

創業期三井物産の営業活動

It is commonly said that Mitsui Bussan Kaisha (hereafter MBK) increase its trade volume satisfactorily in its founding period, 1876-1896. The first purpose of this paper is to show the change in principal commodities in which MBK dealt by analyzing its profit and loss statements in 1877, 1881, 1885, 1889, 1893, and 1896. MBK dealt mainly rice in 1877, increased the transactions of coal from 1881, that of machinery from 1889, and that of raw cotton from 1893. However it showed a decreased rice trade from 1890. The three main goods in 1896, machinery, coal, and raw cotton, were established in this way.The second purpose is to analyze the activities of MBK's London branch. The City was the center of the world trade in the period under investigation. MBK appointed R.W. Irwin an agent in London in 1877, and established a branch there in 1879. He returned to Tokyo to become the adviser of MBK, and the branch began to employ foreign employees at the agency. At first the branch dealt mainly with rice exported from Japan. It also acquired business know-how about chartering, marine insurance, and trade finance in London. Foreign employees contributed significantly to the establishment of the branch, but their salaries were much higher than that of the Japanese branch manager, so they were all fired till 1883. The volume of machinery transacted by the branch began to increase from 1899, and soon machinery became its principal merchandise. The branch began to borrow from Kleinwort Sons and Co., the first class merchant banker in the City, in 1892. This fact signifies that the branch established credit there.

News

Shopping list: Nina Sakjarvi-Stenham (left) and Coco Leuong join Parkside Health Visitor Angie Glew (centre) outside a North London branch of Tesco to highlight the first ever Child Safety Week. Health Visitors and firemen demonstrated to shoppers how parents can make sure their children avoid bums and scalds, while health visitors and road safety officers visited branches of Mothercare last week to give travel safety advice. The Child Accident Prevention Trust says three children the every day as a result of accidents, which is the major cause of death in the under-14s. More than 10,000 children are permanently disabled by accidents every year.

London Branch of IOA concludes Evening Meeting Season

First Page

Marine Meteorological Services to Shipping, Past, Present and Future

This paper, and the following two papers, were presented at a joint meeting sponsored by the Institute in association with the Honourable Company of Master Mariners and the London Branch of the Nautical Institute. The meeting was held at Trinity House on 20 November 1991. This first paper was read by Captain Houghton.

BUYING FRENCH BOOKS

Any review of a new publication needs to satisfy certain criteria, and I should perhaps begin by stating my position. I have been asked to write this review article on Books in French, a publication produced by Library Services Ltd, a company owned by Library Services Trust, which was set up by the Library Association and its London and Home Counties Branch, and managed through that Branch. My review will attempt a fair and honest assessment based on my past experience, in particular my fifteen years selecting modern languages stock. My views are of course subjective ones — that is the strength of any review. If someone reading this article writes to the Editor expressing a view opposite to mine, we should both be delighted, since healthy debate is usually the sign of a profession willing to challenge accepted beliefs.

BRIAN VICKERY A PERSONAL MEMOIR

During the years following the end of World War II, there was a considerable expansion of library services in industry, and some of the scientists engaged in this activity sought to establish strong links with professional librarians, particularly in universities and city libraries with collections of scientific literature. Among them were Denis Arnold, Wilfred Ashworth and Brian Vickery, and it was at a conference of the London and Home Counties Branch of the Library Association that I first met both Arnold and Vickery. It was my good fortune to discover very quickly a community of interest with Brian, based on our industrial experience, and a similar outlook on a wide range of matters social and political.

第一次大戦期における三菱合資の海外支店

During World War I, Mitsubishi Goshi opened branches in Europe and America for the company's overseas activities. In this paper, I have analysed the motives, activities and the results of such development by focusing on the London Branch in England.Before the war, the company had its foreign branches only in China, and most of the overseas activities had been conducted through foreign commercial houses. When the war occurred, the company felt it difficult to export to Europe, so the company switched its export trade from Europe to Russia via Vladivostok. But again, as Russia suspended gold standard, the company faced another difficulty to take foreign exchange risk. Since the company had to import goods such as machinery or raw materials, it was indispensable to promote export for acquiring a steady supply of foreign currency. In order to meet such needs, the company opened its branch office in London 1915 and New York the next year.The London Branch sold the company-made non-ferrous metal such as copper or Chinese products, and purchased machineries and materials for the company's shipyard. The accounts for these transactions were settled by the foreign exchange in the firm. The purchasing was soon exceeded by selling, so a trade surplus was accumulated in the branch office. With the purpose of making use of these surplus funds, the company went into the common exchange business. On the other hand, Japan was enjoying a war boom, and the Trading Division of Mitsubishi Goshi decided to add other company products to its own line; thus the company turned to a general trading enterprise. With corresponding to such a transformation, the company decided to enlarge the scope of overseas activities, resulting in the opening of agent offices in such cities as Paris, Seattle, Berlin, Rome, Lyon and Marseilles.These activities of the foreign branches became a precondition for further growth of the foreign exchange business of the Bank Division as well as of the proper business of the Trading Division of Mitsubishi Goshi. Later the foreign exchange business of these branches was transferred to Foreign Exchange Division of Mitsubishi Bank, and their trading business was to Mitsubishi Shoji (Trading) Company.

Book Reviews : Living with Sickle Cell Disease by Janet Black & Sophie Laws. Published by East London Branch of the Sickle Cell Society, 1987. Price not shown. Paperback. Pp 293

Book Reviews : Living with Sickle Cell Disease by Janet Black & Sophie Laws. Published by East London Branch of the Sickle Cell Society, 1987. Price not shown. Paperback. Pp 293

Noise testing of fitted windows

The London branch of a major overseas bank is situated in an office block which has recently been refurbished to a very high standard. The windows were not, however, renewed and traffic noise from the busy street outside was intrusive to an annoying extent in top management offices, board rooms and private dining rooms.

Isolation and Characterization of Clonal Cell Lines From a Transplantable Metastasizing Rat Mammary Tumor, TR2CL<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref>

The metastasizing rat mammary cell strain from the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research (London Branch) which was originally developed from a benign rat mammary tumor induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (CAS: 684-93-5), yielded single-cell-cloned lines of isometric epithelial cells [rat mammary (Rama) 600-Rama 621] and one line of elongated cells (Rama 622); the former had a higher estrogen receptor content than the latter. All the representative epithelial cell lines tested (Rama 600, 603, and 617) failed to convert to elongated, myoepithelial-like cells or droplet cell/doming, alveolar-like cells in vitro. All representative cell lines tested induced tumors in syngeneic F344/N rats and CBA nu/nu mice, but only the epithelial lines metastasized to lungs and local lymph nodes in rats and to lungs in nude mice. The involved lungs and lymph nodes contained mainly intravascular thrombi and deposits in the subcapsular sinus, respectively. Tumors and metastases from the representative epithelial cell lines contained acinar and glandular structures together with an elongated cellular component. The Rama 622 tumors contained mainly spindle cells. Antisera to rat milk fat globule membranes and human keratins stained some of the epithelial and elongated cells in the Rama 600 tumors; less staining was observed in the Rama 622 tumors. None of the tumor cells stained with antiserum to myosin. Anti-laminin serum delineated a fragmented basement membrane in glandular elements and stained weakly the cytoplasm of the more elongated tumor cells. Ultrastructural analysis confirmed the identity of epithelial cells in the Rama 600 tumors, but no well-differentiated myoepithelial cells were seen in either type of tumor. Since nonmetastasizing epithelial cells isolated directly from carcinogen-induced benign rat mammary tumors can differentiate to myoepithelial-like cells in vitro or when growing as tumors in animals, it is suggested that the development of the malignant phenotype is associated with a loss of this differentiating ability.

Basic skin care and cosmesis for the chronically ill, the mentally disturbed, and the aged infirm. A services of the British Red Cross Society.

The following account is derived from information furnished by Mrs. Doreen St. John Cooper of the London Branch of the British Red Cross Society. It is supplemented by a brief note on principles of reasonable cosmetic practice and some illustrations of what can be done by individuals themselves or with the aid of professional beauticians.

A 10-year study of homosexually transmitted infection.

A 10-year survey is presented of male cases of homosexually acquired infection seen between 1962 and 1971 at Charing Cross Hospital (West London Branch). Tables showing the number of cases of syphilis, gonorrhea, and other conditions in homosexual and heterosexual males and in females are considered. Tables of other relevant data are also presented. The reasons underlying the changes illustrated, including the Act legalizing homosexual practices between consenting adult males, which became effective in 1968, are discussed. Certain pathological conditions apparently connected with homosexual practices, such as serum hepatitis, local rectal disease, and mucous colitis, are included and also some relevant manifestations of herpes genitalis and genitral warts. Homosexually acquired infection in prisoners is described. Some of the psychiatric effects of homosexuality on clinic patients and also their fears of treatment at clinics are considered, as well as the behavioral differences in response to infection between exclusively homosexuals, bi-sexuals, and married homosexuals.

Josef-Maria Jauch (1914?1974)

Josef-Maria Jauch was born in Lucerne, Switzerland, on September 20, 1914, of an old and well-known Swiss family, and died on August 29, 1974. His ancestors had served for many generations as mercenaries in various European countries. At 14, he became an orphan without means or care, and was sheltered and educated in a Catholic institution for homeless boys. There he studied and soon excelled in playing the violin. Soon he was playing in cafes to finance his advanced schooling. He was considered a child prodigy and therefore his music teachers were very upset when he chose to devote his life to mathematics and physics. At the E.T.H. in Zurich he studied under Pauli, who later became his close friend. At that time, the E.T.H. did not confer doctorates, and so he came to the United States, where he took his Ph.D. at the University of Minnesota, in 1940. After receiving his degree, he returned to Switzerland to enlist in the army. Returning to the U.S., he became a naturalized citizen in 1945. He was assistant professor at Princeton from 1942 to 1945 and in 1946 he became associate professor, then professor (1950), at the University of Iowa, where he remained until 1959, when he was invited to become liaison scientist in physics by the American Naval Research, London Branch. He served in this capacity until 1960. In that year he became visiting scientist at CERN in Geneva. In the same year he accepted the directorship of the Institut de Physique TMorique at the University of Geneva, and from 1960 until his death he occupied this and other senior positions, not only at his university, but also at foreign institutes. He was appointed a member of the Advisory Board of the Max-Planck-Institute, Munich, headed by yon Weizs~icker. Jauch lectured all over the United States and in many European countries and taught as visiting and research professor in many distinguished universities and institutes. For many years he worked in highly responsible positions in the Research Council of the Swiss Fonds National at Berne.

Some Further Thoughts on the British Library

This paper was given to the London and Home Counties Branch of the Library Association at the precise moment that the British Library Board came into being (April 1973) and before the delayed Vesting Day ( July 1973 ) . Brief consideration is given to the work of the Organizing Committee and to the composition of the Board. The role of the Board in ensuring that the necessary finance is available is stressed, and it is suggested that the Advisory Councils (or preferably one Council) must play an import part in policy-making. The difficulties of integrating the staff are touched upon. Some account is given of the planning of the new Bloomsbury building. It is stressed that to complete this on time is of the utmost importance because of the very unsatisfactory conditions in which the Reference and Bibliographical Division will have to operate over the next decade. The Lending Division starts with far better conditions for immediate advance. The objectives of the lending service are discussed, and the need for an integrated lending/reference policy in acquisitions and services. The effects of an integrated lending system on the Regional Bureaux and other libraries is considered and suggestions are made for a policy for the Lending Division in building up, servicing and lending, a retrospective collection of British and foreign books. Acknowledgement is expressed to the London and Home Counties Branch of the LA for permission to reproduce.