Logistical Complexity Research Articles

Energy Efficient Air Curtains for Industrial Gates in Cold Climates

In geographical areas with cold climates, large, massively constructed industrial and warehouse buildings and logistics complexes are large consumers of energy resources. The great height and large contained volumes of the premises, the presence of a significant number of doors, and building configurations that include many transport corridors all require the use of air-thermal curtains to increase the energy efficiency of the buildings’ heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems, which commonly produce several thousand kilowatts of thermal power. Optimization of air curtains can improve the microclimates of the premises, achieve savings in the initial construction costs, and also reduce energy consumption during operation by 10–20%.

Exploring National Culture Impact on Logistics Performance

Abstract The increased logistics complexity due to supply chain globalization requires deeper understanding of a country's logistics performance. This performance is usually captured through infrastructure, services, and procedure elements and is understood in operational and economical terms. This exploratory research adds a social view to understand logistics performance variation across countries through focusing on their national culture dimensions. Using secondary data from the international Logistics Performance Index (LPI) report as well as the scores from Hofstede national culture dimension surveys, the impact of national culture on logistics performance was explored. Statistical results showed Power Distance and Uncertainty Avoidance dimensions were found to have a negative correlation with LPI while Individualism as well as Long-Term Orientation were both positively correlated to LPI. This cultural understanding adds to the growing social literature research on logistics performance and can guide logistics managers in their decisions regarding where and when to locate their resources.

Analyzing accessibility improvement factors for multimodal transportation in the Arctic

The development of the land areas in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation is currently a foremost priority. The Russian government has approved an action plan for following its development strategy and essential policies in the Arctic. The plan provides 268 various measures, most of which must be completed in 2021–2022. On May 2, 2014, the President of the Russian Federation issued Decree No. 296 "On the Land Areas in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation"; the said areas include: Murmansk Region, Nenets Autonomous Area, Chukotka Autonomous Area, Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Area, and the Vorkuta Municipal District (Komi Republic). Furthermore, the land areas in the Arctic zone include the Norilsk Municipal District, a number of territories in Arkhangelsk Region (including the Arkhangelsk Municipality), various territories and islands in the Arctic Ocean, and a few uluses in Yakutia. If the plans in this field are to be completed successfully, a broad range of issues (including those relevant to information and analytics) needs to be taken into consideration. As part of resolving these issues, we believe that it is very important to make a comparative assessment of the actual economic development level in those constituent entities of the Russian Federation that are included in the Arctic zone, as well as their individual industries, specifically the transport industry, which is a vital factor in socio-economic development. This article is dedicated to a comparative analysis of the economic development status and dynamics in two constituent entities from different Federal Districts within the Arctic zone: Murmansk Region and Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Area (located in the Northwestern and Ural Federal Districts, respectively). In addition, we take a look at the Northern Sea Route and cite the newest sources of statistical data, which will help provide a more accurate factual assessment of the transportation and logistics complex operation in the Arctic zone, thus informing the identification of most topical development areas and administrative decision-making directions.

Why and how central Europe's largest logistics complex developed on a brownfield site

The aim of the article is to explain the dependence on key factors and development path in the expansion process of the largest Central European logistics complex situated on postmining brownfield. Here, a highly original example is the city of Sosnowiec in the Katowice conurbation (Poland). In the article, the development of this complex and its model of spatial diffusion, with an indication of both facilitating and restricting aspects of its further expansion is discussed. The following issues are also brought to light: spatial location, urban policy, transport accessibility and local labour market. In the article, the development of this complex is discussed according to model of spatial diffusion.

Current State of the East Kazakhstan Transportation and Logistics Complex

Object: study of the current state and development priorities of the transport and logistics complex of the East Kazakhstan region.Methods: the theoretical basis of the research is the works of domestic and foreign scientists-economists on the development of the transport and logistics complex, legislative and regulatory acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The information base of the research is based on the data of the statistics Committee of the Ministry of economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the results of the authors' research. The methodological basis of the research is a systematic approach, abstract-logical, economic-statistical, monographic methods of studying economic processes.Findings: this article presents the results of the analysis of the socio-economic development of the East Kazakhstan region and the transport complex of the region. The analysis revealed the main problems of development of the transport and logistics complex of the East Kazakhstan region, including limited logistics and technical capabilities of carriers, underdeveloped infrastructure, lack of developed transport and logistics centers, warehouses and terminals, lack of qualified specialists, low quality of service.Conclusions: the main factors affecting the transport and logistics complex of the East Kazakhstan region are studied. As a result of the research, priority measures for the development of the transport and logistics complex of the region are proposed, including modernization of transport logistics, construction of large warehouse complexes and improvement of production infrastructure, creation of an effective network of transport communications and use of innovative technologies in the transport and logistics complex.

Systems modelling to support the complex nature of healthcare services

Healthcare is a service commonly associated with lacking performance in relation to output and the economy of production. Contingency theory and complex systems thinking are approaches here combined to study the logistics of healthcare service flows. Contingency theory directs attention to networked interdependencies while complex systems thinking concerns process emergence and flexible resource use in supporting logistics. This hybrid form of analysis gives conceptual direction to information technology development and use to support the logistics of healthcare services. Three small examples of healthcare service as logistics processes in their as-is state are provided and analysed based on the developed analytical framework. These illustrate in detail what exemplifies complexity in this industry. Given the inherently complex nature of many types of healthcare services, this discussion concerns how to conceptually model information systems in healthcare services as a complex system. This chosen complexity-sensitive approach of service logistics constitutes a basis for information technology enabled healthcare service development sensitive to this type of service provision directing focus to the emergent features of healthcare service needs. It is also a basis for further investigation into this topic of information technology use to support the inherent logistical complexity of healthcare services.

ПОНЯТИЕ И СУЩНОСТЬ ЛОГИСТИКИ

The paper considers the theoretical foundations and methodological aspects of logistics, provides a critical analysis of the concept of “logistics”, as well as the components of the direction of logistics. The definition of logistics and logistics complex is proposed. Based on an in-depth review of scientific literature, the evolution and development of the concept of logistics is presented. Analyzed the typical services provided by the logistics complex and the movement of the material flow. Logistics is a kind of catalyst for industrial development, and its improvement is of great importance for any country. This process is the foundation on which interstate integration is built. It should be noted that in today’s global environment, logistics plays a key role in the development of industry and trade of states. In a number of countries, the government initially staked on the development of logistics as the main factor in stimulating industrial development. In the Republic of Kazakhstan, this instrument can also bring a significant economic effect for an industrial breakthrough.

Перспективы развития сетевого взаимодействия в транспортно-логистическом комплексе региона

The article deals with the current issue of development of the transport and logistics system and transport and logical clusters on the territory of the Russian Federation on the basis of network interaction. The subject of the study is the transport and logistics clusters of Russian regions, their importance in the development of the transport and logistics complex and economy of Russian regions. Scientific and theoretical concepts on the research problem and their hierarchy in the transport and logistics complex of the region are considered. The economic essence of the transport and logistics cluster and its structure elements are described, and the economic characteristics of various groups of enterprises depending on the degree of participation in the main business process are presented. A comparative assessment of the state and functioning of transport and logistics clusters on the territory of Russia with the European network of transport and logistics clusters formed during the strengthening of integration of European economies into a single space is carried out and proposals for their development based on network interaction are made. The main research methods are formal logical, system and situational approaches, and statistical analysis. The need to support the formation of transport and logistics clusters through state programs and strategies, forms of public-private partnership in economy, activation of integration ties and integrated development based on basic enterprises is identified. The indicators of functioning of transport and logical clusters on the example of Belgorod region, Primorye Krai, including the level of development of the regional infrastructure, the degree of involvement of the economic power of the region, regions position on major domestic and global transport corridors are analyzed and studied. Based on the results of the work, proposals for the development of network interaction in the transport and logistics complex of the regions were formulated, prospects and directions for improving the economic efficiency of transport enterprises were determined, and the percentage of losses in the industry was reduced. The application of the results is useful in the development of regional socio-economic and transport development programs.

48 Genetic study of horn fly abundance in beef cattle

Abstract Disturbing the non-symbiotic relationship between horn flies and cattle is of economic, health, and animal welfare importance. Reliance on management and insecticides has proven inadequate. In the United States, horn flies are estimated to cause more than $1 billion in economic losses on pastured cattle annually. Although insecticides provide temporary control, their efficacy is hampered by several factors. Intensive insecticide use has led to horn fly resistance and decreased predation on horn flies by other insects. Due to the cost and logistic complexity of measuring fly resistance traits under commercial conditions, the genetic basis of these traits remains largely unknown. Only a few heritability estimates are available based on small-scale studies. Currently, the economic injury threshold (EIT) due to horn fly abundance (onset of production decay) is set at around 200 flies for beef cattle. This threshold is largely heuristically set. Additionally, the rate of decay in performance as a function of fly abundance after injury onset is unknown. It is also likely that EIT is breed and animal specific. Data used in this study was collected during the summer of 2019. Animals were not treated or managed in any way to control horn flies prior to data collection. Animals were assessed subjectively and based on image counts for horn fly abundance. Estimates of heritability of horn fly abundance ranged between 0.14 and 0.22 for subjective and image-based phenotypes. The lowest heritability was for the subjective assessment, likely due to the excessive variation between evaluators. Changepoint model-based analysis showed that EIT is variable between sire families, ranging from 265 to 413 flies. Furthermore, there was significant difference in the decay of performance after the onset of injury. The rate of decay ranged between -0.0003 and -0.00018. Collectively, these results indicate the potential to improve horn fly resistance/tolerance using genetic tools.

Relationships Between Communication, Time Pressure, Workload, Task Complexity, Logistical Issues and Group Composition in Transdisciplinary Teams: A Prospective Observational Study Across 822 Cancer Cases

Introduction. Functional perspective of team decision-making highlights the importance of understanding the relationship between team interaction/communication during a given task, the internal factors that emanate from within a group (e.g. team composition), and the external circumstances (e.g. workload and time pressures). As an underexplored area, we explored these relationships in the context of multidisciplinary team (MDT) meetings (aka tumor boards). Materials and methods. Three cancer MDTs with 44 team members were recruited from 3 teaching hospitals in the United Kingdom. Thirty of their weekly meetings encompassing 822 case reviews were filmed. Validated instruments were used to assess each case: Bales’ Interaction Process Analysis that captures frequency of task-oriented and socio-emotional interactions/communication; and Measure of case-Discussion Complexity that captures clinical and logistic complexities. We also measured team size, disciplinary diversity, gender, time-workload pressure, and time-on-task. Partial correlation analysis controlling for team/tumor type and case complexity was used for analysis. Results. Clinical complexity positively correlated with task-oriented communication, e.g. gives opinion (r=0.51, p 0.05), however, case reviews with more males present were associated with more tension (r=0.09, p<0.01) and less disagreements (r=-0.11, p<0.01), while when more females present there were more disagreements (r=0.10, p<0.01) and less tension (r=-0.11, p<0.01). Discussion. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to assess the relationship between MDT interaction/communication and the external/internal factors. Smaller size, gender balanced teams with core disciplines present, and streamlining workload to reduce time-workload pressure, time-on-task effects, and logistical issues appear more conducive to building and maintain optimal MDTs. Our methodology could be applied to other MDT-driven areas of healthcare.

Donor-Derived CAR T Cells Engineered with Sleeping Beauty Achieve Anti-Leukemic Activity without Severe Toxicity

Donor-Derived CAR T Cells Engineered with Sleeping Beauty Achieve Anti-Leukemic Activity without Severe Toxicity

Проблеми та перспективи розвитку міжнародного ринку транспортних послуг

The current situation in the world economy is characterized by varying degrees of development of national economies and their openness to participate in international economic relations, the saturation of trade flows at different stages of cooperation between countries, increasing passenger flows, on the one hand, and insufficient economic development. base, a small number of modern studies of the methodological basis for the functioning of the transport and logistics complex in modern science, on the other hand, cause an objective need for mentioned places, the role and importance of transport services as an important economic category. The structural shifts that determine the movement of world production and international trade are largely determined by the transformations taking place in the world transport complex. No foreign trade operation can be imagined without the participation of transport, in any case, the goods must be delivered from seller to buyer. Transport service - a service for the performance of the contract of carriage of people and goods. In the implementation of foreign trade, road transport has certain advantages over other modes of transport: maneuverability, delivery of goods "door to door"; urgency and regularity of delivery; delivery can be organized according to the system "just in time" (exactly on time); packaging (required in smaller quantities or not required at all). This article examines the trends and prospects for the development of the international market of transport services. The question of the current state of the freight market is stated. The main problems of the international market of transport services are clarified. The factors influencing the further development of the market of transport services are determined. Substantiated tasks in the field of international agreements in the field of road transport. The study allows us to consider and analyze important areas of innovative development and application of modern technologies in the field of transport. Prospects for further development of freight transportation are considered and generalized.

Понятие, виды и особенности формирования потоковых процессов морского порта

The article outlines the specific features of intensive development of the theory of logistics and supply chain management in modern Russia contributing to the widespread introduction of logistics management in enterprises and organizations in various sectors of the economy, which determines the need to clarify the conceptual framework, taking into account the industry characteristics of market entities. The study of the modern conceptual and terminological apparatus of logistics made it possible to clarify the concepts of cargo flow, ship flow, flow of logistics services, logistics flow of the seaport in relation to the seaport. The classification of these flows by a number of features is presented and their parameters are refined. Freight flows in the seaport are classified according to the following criteria: attitude to the port's logistics system, type of cargo, cargo compatibility, transshipment options. The parameters of the seaport's cargo traffic are considered: volume of cargo transshipment by type for a certain period of time, area of warehouses, capacity of tanks for storing cargo, overall, weight and physicochemical characteristics of the cargo. The traffic flows are characterized by such parameters as a number of calls, time horizons of loading or unloading, vessel idle time, laydays, average gross tonnage per call, gross tonnage of vessels, etc. Information and financial flows in relation to the seaport have been systematized. There are listed the functions of the seaport as a transport and logistics complex in accordance with the Merchant Shipping Code and the Statute of FSUE Rosmorport: production, organizing, innovation, environmental, planning and servicing. A business model of the cargo flow of a seaport is proposed, which details its structure and allows to regulate the interaction of subjects of the micrologistic system of the port. Logistics services provided by logistics intermediaries in the seaport are systematized, their content characteristics are specified; the place and role of logistics services in the management system of the seaport are determined.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on commercial airlines in the United States and implications for the kidney transplant community.

Many deceased-donor and living-donor kidney transplants (KTs) rely on commercial airlines for transport. However, the coronavirus-19 pandemic has drastically impacted the commercial airline industry. To understand potential pandemic-related disruptions in the transportation network of kidneys across the United States, we used national flight data to compare scheduled flights during the pandemic vs 1-year earlier, focusing on Organ Procurement Organization (OPO) pairs between which kidneys historically most likely traveled by direct flight (High Volume by direct Air transport OPO Pairs, HVA-OPs). Across the United States, there were 39% fewer flights in April 2020 vs April 2019. Specific to the kidney transportation network, there were 65.1% fewer flights between HVA-OPs, with considerable OPO-level variation (interquartile range [IQR] 54.7%-75.3%; range 0%-100%). This translated to a drop in median number of flights between HVA-OPs from 112 flights/wk in April 2019 to 34 in April 2020 (P<.001), and a rise in wait time between scheduled flights from 1.5hours in April 2019 (IQR 0.76-3.3) to 4.9hours in April 2020 (IQR 2.6-11.2; P<.001). Fewer flights and longer wait times can impact logistics as well as cold ischemia time; our findings motivate an exploration of creative approaches to KT transport as the impact of this pandemic on the airline industry evolves.

Formation of a cargo frame for a cargo express

Subject of research — the study of the structure of flow forecasting potential volume of traffic and in view of the potential senders of the cargo according to schedule to ensure train traffic market category. The relevance of the work is related to the globalization of world business and the rapid development of international relations, in particular, JSC “Russian Railways” is already implementing a service for accelerated cargo delivery — “Cargo express”. This service has successfully proven itself in many areas. It is necessary to consider the possibility of forming this service on the route “Moscow–Vladivostok”. Used analytical studies of the size of the presentation of cargo by potential senders, the method of exponential smoothing is used for forecasting. The definition of the “Cargo Express”, given the options for the formation of freight trains, examines the key points when travelling of the train in the direction “Moscow–Vladivostok”, the characteristic structure of the intended traffic at key points, made a forecast of estimated volumes of the production of goods for the years to 2030. Analysis of the structure and size of freight traffic will continue to assess the frequency of trains plying market category set the order of its formation, determine the number and type of wagons required for each paragraph of the passage, make an accurate transportation planning and hard route schedule, and provide an additional attraction as key customers and small and medium-sized customers on the rail. The development of terminal and logistics complexes should become the basis of the cargo frame in the studied direction.

Formation of a transport and logistics center within the boundaries of a transitive economy

Logistics determines not only the possibility of developing the economy of the domestic sector, but also allows to identify opportunities for generating benefits for a country with a transition economy. In particular, logistic complexes should ensure continuous development on the basis of actions and determine the possibility of reducing the maximum amount of downtime when a larger number of participants in the transport chain are involved. The relevance of the present study is determined by the fact that a considerable number of solutions for logistics chains use only the mechanism of economic benefits without optimizing the engineering component. The novelty of this study is that the logistics chain is presented as a comprehensive engineering project that can be implemented on the basis of optimization solutions for the components used. The use of such tools can be based not only on the principles of a direct engineering solution, but also on local micro-logistical systems. The economic rationale for the proposed system and its elements is provided. Practical use of the proposed solution can be implemented on the principles of integration into large industrial systems. The study can be extended to the application of technologies of decentralized logistical systems.

A Digital Economy to Develop Policy Related to Transport and Logistics. Predictive Lessons from Russia

This paper aims to explain how the digital economy might unfold new possibilities for optimizing the transport and logistics complex in Russia. This paper develops a new conceptual scenario model and a unique algorithm to show that investing in digital technologies is a critical move in Russia. Blockchain, Big Data, the Internet of Things, virtual reality, and artificial intelligence would be strengthened by ample access to finance, technology availability, government support, and consumers' preferences. Although this paper makes use of Russia’s system data where the contribution of transport and logistics in the GDP growth could reach 15–20 % by 2020, our findings may have applicability beyond the Russian case and definitively matter in a broader context of Eastern Europe and Central Asia.

Cost Analysis of Optimized Islanded Energy Systems in a Dispersed Air Base Conflict

The United States Air Force has implemented a dispersed air base strategy to enhance mission effectiveness for near-peer conflicts. Asset dispersal places many smaller bases across a wide geographic area, which increases resupply requirements and logistical complexity. Hybrid energy systems reduce resupply requirements through sustainable, off-grid energy production. This paper presents a novel hybrid energy renewable delivery system (HERDS) model capable of (1) selecting the optimal hybrid energy system design that meets demand at the lowest net present cost and (2) optimizing the delivery of the selected system using existing Air Force cargo aircraft. The novelty of the model’s capabilities is displayed using Clark Air Base, Philippines as a case study. The HERDS model selected an optimal configuration consisting of a 676-kW photovoltaic array, an 1846-kWh battery system, and a 200-kW generator. This hybrid energy system predicts a 54% reduction in cost and an 88% reduction in fuel usage, as compared to the baseline Air Force system. The HERDS model is expected to support planners in their ongoing efforts to construct cost-effective sites that minimize the transport and logistic requirements associated with remote installations. Additionally, the results of this paper may be appropriate for broader civilian applications.

The Transportation Complex in Russia in 2019

The transportation complex and its development, in particular the development of transportation infrastructure, is one of the most important factors of economic growth. Investments in infrastructure invariably have a huge impact on long-term economic growth. A lack of proper infrastructure development can give rise to bottlenecks, imbalances and a significant increase in the cost of doing business. The transportation and logistics complex and related activities play a significant role in the functioning of Russia’s national economy. According to data released by Rosstat, the transportation industry’s share in GDP in 2017 and 2018 was 7.0% and 6.5%, respectively, and at year-end 2019, it was 6.6%. According to the estimates released by the RF Ministry of Economic Development, from 2016 onwards the transportation sector has been making a positive input into GDP growth: 0.09 percentage points in 2016, 0.01 percentage points in 2017, and 0.19 percentage points in 2018; in Q1 and Q2 2019, 0.21 and 0.19 percentage points, respectively; and by year-end 2019, the annual input of the transportation industry into GDP growth is forecast be 0.12 percentage points. Through the existing inter-industry links, the transportation complex influences almost every sector of the national economy.

Is aquatic bioenergy with carbon capture and storage a sustainable negative emission technology? Insights from a spatially explicit environmental life-cycle assessment

It is anticipated that achievement of the Paris Climate Agreement goals will require widespread deployment of negative emission technologies (NETs). The most prominent NET is bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS), which is typically envisioned to use terrestrial crops as feedstock. Several recent studies have focused on aquatic BECCS (A-BECCS), making use of microalgae or macroalgae as feedstock, as possible means of reducing water and land use. However, the high logistical complexity of the A-BECCS supply chain makes it likely that regional biophysical and socio-technical factors will strongly influence its overall favorability. Therefore, this study applies life-cycle assessment (LCA) incorporating a geographic information system (GIS) framework to estimate the environmental impacts of A-BECCS over all stages of its life-cycle. Three candidate locations in the USA are evaluated based on seemingly good proximity to coastal regions and CO2 storage; namely, East Coast, West Coast, and the Gulf of Mexico. Monte Carlo simulation is used to characterize distributions of model outputs, including energy return on investment (EROI) and net global warming potential (GWP). Results reveal that only the Gulf of Mexico configuration has any likelihood of achieving both net energy production (probability of EROI > 1 = 29%) and net CO2 sequestration (probability of GWP < 0 = 6%), but the probability of achieving both together is very low (5%). The other two locations exhibit net positive energy production (EROI > 1), but not net negative carbon sequestration. These results call into question the feasibility of the modeled A-BECCS system as an energy-producing NET and offer insights into possible system reconfiguration. For example, anaerobic digestion offers very low EROI and creates multiple carbon-bearing waste streams, which strongly undercuts overall net CO2 sequestration. Finally, it is observed that enhanced oil recovery (EOR) strongly contributes to net-energy production (EROI > 1) in the modeled A-BECCS system, but also strongly undercuts net CO2 sequestration, which is arguably the main goal of any NET. This analysis showcases how geographically-explicit analysis can advance our understanding of biomass-based NETs.