Logistic Regression Adjustment Research Articles

The association between non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHHR) and suicidal ideation in adults: a population-based study in the United States

BackgroundThe ratio of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (NHHR) serves as a reliable lipid indicator associated with atherogenic characteristics. Studies have indicated a potential connection between suicidality and lipid metabolism. This research aims to investigate any possible association between the NHHR and the emergence of suicidal ideation within the confines of the study.MethodsThis study examined the association between NHHR levels and suicidal ideation using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), conducted in the United States spanning 2005 and 2016. Calculation of the NHHR corresponds to the proportion of HDL-C to Non-HDL-C. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9’s ninth question was implemented for assessing suicidal ideation. Using subgroup analysis, smooth curve fitting, and multivariate logistic regression analysis, the research was conducted.ResultsEncompassing a cohort of 29,288 participants, the analysis identified that 3.82% of individuals reported suicidal ideation. After using multivariable logistic regression and thorough adjustments, elevated NHHR levels were significantly and positively associated with a heightened likelihood of suicidal ideation, according to the findings (odds ratio [OR] = 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–1.11; P = 0.0048). Despite extensive adjustment for various confounding factors, this relationship remained consistent. An inverted U-shaped curve was utilized to illustrate the link between NHHR and suicidal ideation among nonsmokers; the curve’s inflection point was situated at 7.80. Subgroup analysis and interaction tests (all P for interaction > 0.05) demonstrated that there was no significant influence of the following variables on this positive relationship: age, sex, race, body mass index, education level, married status, hypertension, diabetes, and smoking status.ConclusionSignificantly higher NHHR levels were associated with an elevated likelihood of suicidal ideation. Based on these results, it is probable that NHHR may serve as a predictive indicator of suicidal ideation, emphasizing its potential utility in risk assessment and preventive strategies.

Safety of limb lengthening after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: an analysis of the MBSAQIP database

BackgroundRoux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) effectively treats severe obesity, but some patients may require revisional surgery like limb lengthening (LL) for postoperative weight gain. ObjectivesThis study aims to compare 30-day serious complications and mortality rates between LL and primary RYGB, given limited safety data on LL. MethodsPatients who underwent LL and RYGB were identified from the 2020 and 2021 MBSAQIP databases, the only years in which LL data were available. Baseline characteristics and 30-day rates of serious complications and mortality were analyzed. ResultsA total of 86,990 patients underwent RYGB and 455 underwent LL. Patients undergoing RYGB were younger (44.4 versus 49.8 yr, P < .001), had a higher body mass index (BMI) (45.5 versus 41.8 kg/m2, P < .001) and higher rates of comorbidities including diabetes (30.0 versus 13.6%, P < .001). RYGB and LL had similar operative duration (125.3 versus 123.2 min, P = .5). There were no statistical differences between cohorts for length of stay (LOS) (1.6 RYGB versus 1.6 LL d, P = .6). After LL, there were higher 30-day rates of reoperation (3.3 versus 1.9%, P = .03) and deep surgical site infections (1.3 versus .5%, P = .03) compared to RYGB. There were no differences in overall serious complications (5.1 LL versus 5.0% RYGB, P = 1.0) and mortality (.2 LL versus .1% RYGB, P = .5). Multivariable logistic regression adjustment found that previous venous thromboembolism was associated with serious complications after LL. ConclusionsWhen compared to primary RYGB, LL has a favorable safety profile with similar 30-day rates of serious complications and mortality.

Prognostic values of urea/lymphocyte and LDH/lymphocyte ratios for predicting mortality in COVID-19 patients

Objective: Serum biomarkers are important for accurately predicting clinical outcomes in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Although previous studies showed that lymphopenia in patients is related to disease severity, it is unclear how other serum biomarkers improve the prognostic accuracy of lymphopenia. Changes in urea, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were noted to have considerable predictive value in determining the severity of disease in COVID-19 patients. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine whether increases in urea, and LDH are linked to worse outcomes in COVID-19 patients and whether the urea/lymphocyte and LDH/lymphocyte ratios improve the prognostic accuracy of lymphopenia.&#x0D; Methods: The data of confirmed COVID-19 patients in our emergency department (ED) between March 2020, and January 2021, were analyzed retrospectively. The area under the curve (AUC) and logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate the discriminative power of the urea/lymphocyte and LDH/lymphocyte ratios in estimating 30-day mortality.&#x0D; Results: The study included 795 confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted to the ED. Twenty-three patients (2.9%) died, and 772 (97.1%) survived in 30 days. The median age of the patients was 51. The number of males (n: 447, 56.2%) was higher than females (n: 348, 43.8%). The ratios of urea/lymphocyte and LDH/lymphocyte were significantly higher in non-survivors (median: 71.21 and 754.1, respectively) compared to survivors (median: 19.51 and 297.42, respectively) (P&lt;0.001). The AUC for 30-day mortality for the urea/lymphocyte and LDH/lymphocyte ratios was 0.864 and 0.840, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression adjustment found the urea/lymphocyte ratio to be an independent and significant predictor of mortality (P=0.007). The optimum cut-off point for the urea/lymphocyte ratio was 28.07, which had a 91.3% sensitivity and a 68.6% specificity.&#x0D; Conclusion: The urea/lymphocyte and LDH/lymphocyte ratios are useful markers that can be evaluated independently to identify high-risk patients and predict the prognosis of COVID-19.&#x0D;

Impact of balance on the energetic cost of walking and gait speed.

Examine the relationship between balance test performance and the energetic cost of walking (ECW) and gait speed. Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of data from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Men (48%) and women aged 60-96 years enrolled in the BLSA between 2007 and 2020 (n = 1132). Balance was assessed using narrow walk (NW) and progressive standing balance tests (SB). ECW measured during 2.5-min usual paced walk while participants wore a portable indirect calorimeter. Gait speed assessed over 6-m. Each test parameterized using validated methods. Statistical analysis to compare balance measures to ECW, and gait speed used generalized logistic regression models and adjustments for age, sex, race, height, weight, and comorbidities. Cross-sectionally, mean ECW was higher and gait speed slower in persons who failed the NW than those who passed (0.189 vs. 0.164 mL/kg/m, p < 0.0001 and 0.96 vs. 1.15 m/s, p < 0.0001, respectively). Mean ECW was increasingly higher and gait speed slower over three progressively challenging SB tests (0.207 vs. 0.171 vs. 0.164 mL/kg/m, p < 0.0001 and 0.95 vs. 1.05 vs. 1.15 m/s, p < 0.0001). Over an average 2.4 years, those who declined in SB and NW had a higher ECW and slower gait speed than persons who maintained performance (SB: 0.18 vs. 0.160 mL/kg/m, p = 0.0003, and 1.00 vs. 1.13 m/s, p = <0.001; NW: 0.175 vs. 0.160 mL/kg/m, p = 0.002, and 1.04 vs. 1.14 m/s, p = 0.001). Persons who improved had lower ECW and faster gait speed than those who failed at both visits (SB: 0.169 vs. 0.240 mL/kg/m, p = 0.0002, and 0.99 vs. 0.94 m/s, p = 0.67, NW: 0.163 vs. 0.195 mL/kg/m, p = 0.0005, and 1.10 vs. 0.92 m/s, p < 0.001). Instability contributes to higher ECW and slower gait speed which suggests that rehabilitation efforts to improve balance may help maintain function further into older adulthood and delay mobility limitation.

Prediction of Outcomes Through Cystatin C and cTnI in Elderly Type 2 Myocardial Infarction Patients.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and coronary artery disease (CAD) are strongly associated. Cystatin C (Cys C) is a more sensitive marker of early renal insufficiency. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic implications of combined of Cys C and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) on 90-day outcomes in elderly patients with type 2 myocardial infarction (MI). The data of consecutive type 2 MI patients aged 80 years and older who received Cys C and cTnI measurements within 24 h of admission were retrospectively reviewed. The endpoint was a 90-day all-cause and cardiac mortality. A total of 4326 patients were included. During the 90-day follow-up period, a higher all-cause and cardiac mortality was observed in patients with Cys C ≥ 1.49mg/L than in patients with Cys C < 1.49 mg/L (P <0.001). After the multivariate logistic regression adjustments, the higher CysC and cTnI levels remained independent predictors of the 90-day all-cause mortality and cardiac mortality. Moreover, the Kaplan-Meier all-cause and cardiac mortality event-free survival curves showed that the patients with the presence of elevated levels of both Cys C and cTnI had a significantly increased risk than those with Cys C or cTnI alone. Elevated Cys C level is an independent risk factor for all-cause and cardiac mortality in the elderly type 2 MI population. The predictive ability of the combined use of Cys C and cTnI in elderly type 2 MI patients is stronger than that of Cys C or cTnI alone.

The Effectiveness and Safety of Direct-Acting Antivirals in the Treatment of Hepatitis C Virus in Saudi Arabia: A Nationwide Study Based on the Saudi Ministry of Health Surveillance Data From 2017 to 2021.

Background and objective While the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has had ahepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination program in place since 2015,there have been limited studies investigating the effectivenessand safety ofdirect-acting antivirals(DAAS) based on the Ministry of Health (MOH) surveillance data. In light of this, this study was conducted to assess the effectiveness and safety of DAAS (glecaprevir/pibrentasvir, daclatasvir/sofosbuvir, or other combinations) in treating HCVcases in Saudi Arabia as per the MOH data from 2017 to 2021. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study involving recorded HCVcases in the national hepatitis surveillance database of MOHacross all regions of KSAfrom 2017to 2021. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics software (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Continuous variables were expressed asmean ± standard deviation (SD), and categorical variables were presented as numbers (percentages). An independent t-test was used for continuous variables, and a Chi-square analysis was used for categorical variables. A confidence interval of 95%, a margin of error of 0.05, a precision of 2%, and a 5% level of significance were employed. Results Regardingdemographic characteristics, age was significantly associated with HCVinfection (p=0.002).Similarly, nationality had a highly significant association with HCVinfection (p=0.004). Regardingclinical characteristics, creatinine levels were significantly associated with HCVinfection (p=0.009). As for effectiveness, all participantshad a positivepolymerase chain reaction(PCR) for HCVat enrolment(n=4806) and were DAAS-naïve. After the completion of the first DAAScourse, 99.5%(4781) had negative PCRs12 weeks post-treatment completion; however, the PCRremained positive for some patients (0.5%, n=25), which became negative after receiving the second DAAScourse, resulting in complete cure of HCV infection and a 100% negative PCRamong all participants. With regard to safety, noside effects were recorded in the cohort and hence the safety aspect was not analyzed. Conclusion Univariate analysis revealed that nationality (non-Saudi), age, and creatinine levels were significantly associated with HCVinfection. However, only nationality showed a significant association with HCVinfection following multivariate logistic regression adjustment. We believe that these insights will help guide the creation of clinical guidelines and promote evidence-based decision-making in the management of HCVin Saudi Arabia.

Cognitive Performance Deficits Are Associated with Clinically Significant Depression Symptoms in Older US Adults

Accumulating research has described cognitive impairment in adults with depression, however, few studies have focused on this relationship during older adulthood. Our cross-sectional study investigated the association between cognitive function performance and clinically significant depression symptoms in older adults. We analysed the data from the 2011 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey on older (aged 60 years and above) US adults. Cognitive function was assessed as a composite score and on a test-by-test basis based on the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Word List Learning Test, the Word List Recall Test, and Intrusion Word Count Test, the Animal Fluency Test, and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). Depression was defined as clinically significant depression symptoms based on the standard cut-off point of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) score of 10 or greater. Adjusted-logistic regression analysis was employed using survey weights to examine the former relationships. Sociodemographic factors, in addition to medical history and status in terms of self-reported chronic illness and the incidence of stroke or memory-cognitive function loss, were considered as covariates. Among 1622 participants of a survey-weighted 860,400 US older adults, cognitive performance was associated with clinically significant depression symptoms (p = 0.003) after adjustment. Most prominently, older adults with significant cognitive deficits had approximately two and a half times (OR: 2.457 [1.219-4.953]) higher odds for a PHQ-9 score above threshold compared to those with the highest performance. Particularly, those with lowest DSST score had increased odds of almost four times (OR: 3.824 [1.069-13.678]). Efforts to decipher the underlying aetiology of these negative disparities may help create opportunities and interventions that could alleviate the risks from depression, cognitive impairment, and associated consequences in older adults at a population level.

Does a Short Period of Maxillomandibular Fixation Decrease Complications in Open Reduction Internal Fixation of Mandibular Angle Fractures?

A short duration of postoperative maxillomandibular fixation (MMF) has the potential to reduce complications following open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of mandibular angle fractures. The purpose of this study was to determine if a short duration of MMF is associated with a reduced rate of postoperative inflammatory complications (POICs) in patients with mandibular angle fractures undergoing ORIF. The authors conducted a retrospective cohort study consisting of patients treated with ORIF for mandibular angle fractures from August 1, 2015 to May 31, 2020 at an urban, level 1 trauma center. Patients under the age of 18 years, bilateral angle fractures, those with MMF periods of more than 3weeks, and those patients without documentation of the duration of MMF were excluded from the study. The primary predictor variable was the use of a short duration (less than 2weeks) of postoperative MMF. The outcome variable of interest was the presence of POICs. Categorical covariates were compared using Fisher's exact tests, while continuous variables were compared using Wilcox rank-sum tests. Multivariable logistic regression adjustment was also performed. There were 307 patients included in the study, 84.4% of which were men. The average age was 32.5years. Patients with a short duration of MMF had a POIC rate of 8.3% compared to 18.2% for no MMF (P=.08). In the adjusted analysis, patients with a short duration of MMF time had a significant decrease in POIC risk compared to no MMF (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=0.32, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.11 to 0.97). Other significant variables in the regression analysis included plating type and noncompliance. Inferior border rigid fixation was associated with decreased POIC risk compared to ladder plates and lateral border plates (aOR 5.8, 95% CI=1.8 to 18.4 and aOR 5.1, 95% CI=1.4 to 18.7, respectively). The findings from our study suggest that a short duration of postoperative MMF may reduce POICs following ORIF of mandibular angle fractures.

Association between the risk of malnutrition and functional capacity in patients with peripheral arterial disease: A cross-sectional study.

The risk of malnutrition is an important predictor of functional capacity in the elderly population. However, whether malnutrition is associated with functional capacity in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) is poorly known. To analyse the association between the risk of malnutrition and functional capacity in patients with PAD. This cross-sectional study included 135 patients with PAD of both genders, ≥50 years old, with symptomatic PAD (Rutherford stage I to III) in one or both limbs and with ankle-brachial index ≤0.90. The risk of malnutrition was assessed by the short form of the Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form and patients were classified as having normal nutritional status (n = 92) and at risk of malnutrition (n = 43). Functional capacity was objectively assessed using the six-minute walking test (6MWT, absolute maximal distance and relativized and expressed as a percentage of health subjects), short-physical performance battery (SPPB, balance, gait speed and the sit and stand test) and the handgrip test, and subjectively, using the Walking Impairment Questionnaire and Walking Estimated-Limitation Calculated by History. The association between the risk of malnutrition and functional capacity was analysed using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression adjustments for gender, age, ankle-brachial index, body mass index, use of statins, coronary arterial disease and stroke. For all statistical analyses, significance was accepted at p<0.05. Thirty-two per cent of our patients were classified with a risk of malnutrition. The risk of malnutrition was associated with the absolute 6MWT total distance (OR = 0.994, P = 0.031) relative 6MWT total distance (OR = 0.971, P = 0.038), lowest SPPB total score (OR = 0.682, P = 0.011), sit and stand (OR = 1.173, P = 0.003) and usual 4-meter walk test (OR = 1.757, P = 0.034). In patients with PAD, the risk of malnutrition was associated with objective measurements of functional capacity.

Association of SLC11A1 Polymorphisms With Tuberculosis Susceptibility in the Chinese Han Population.

Tuberculosis (TB) is an important health issue in the world. Although the relation of SLC11A1 polymorphisms with TB risk has been extensively studied, it has not been reported in the northwest Chinese Han population. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationships between five polymorphisms in or near the SLC11A1 gene and susceptibility to TB. The Agena MassARRAY platform was conducted for genotyping from 510 TB patients and 508 healthy controls. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were analyzed through logistic regression adjustment age and gender to assess the relationships between polymorphisms and TB risk. Our results identified that rs7608307 was related to increased TB risk in males (CT vs. CC: OR = 1.69, 95%CI: 1.12–2.56, p = 0.013; CT-TT vs. CC: OR = 1.61, 95%CI: 1.08–2.41, p = 0.020) and age ≤41 group (CT vs. CC: OR = 1.66, 95%CI: 1.04–2.65, p = 0.035), respectively. The SNP rs13062 was associated with the TB risk both in males (p = 0.012) and age >41 group (p = 0.021). In addition, we observed that the CC genotype of rs4674301 was correlated with increased TB risk in females (p = 0.043). Our results demonstrated the relationships between polymorphisms (rs7608307, rs4674301, and rs13062) in or near the SLC11A1 gene and age- and sex-specific TB risk in the northwest Chinese Han population.

The Cardioprotective Potential of von Willebrand Disease in Ischemic Heart Disease.

von Willebrand factor (vWF) aids coagulation at sites of vessel injury. Elevated vWF levels have been associated with an increased risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD); however, it is unclear whether vWF deficiency, seen in patients with von Willebrand disease (vWD), protects people against IHD. We determined and compared the prevalence and risk of IHD in patients with versus without vWD by using data from the National Inpatient Sample (2009-2014), excluding patients younger than 18 and older than 75 years. The primary outcome was the odds ratio (OR) of IHD in patients with versus without vWD. Secondary outcomes were major medical comorbidities and demographic characteristics in patients with vWD. Of 224,475,443 weighted hospital-discharge samples, we identified 82,809 patients with a vWD diagnosis. The odds of IHD were lower in patients with vWD than in those without (OR=0.54; 95% CI, 0.52-0.56). After multivariable logistic regression analysis and adjustment for age, sex, and typical IHD risk factors (hypertension, smoking, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, chronic kidney disease, obesity, and family history of IHD), the likelihood of IHD remained lower in patients with vWD than in patients without (OR=0.65; 95% CI, 0.63-0.67). Our study shows that vWF deficiency, as seen in patients with vWD, is associated with a decreased prevalence of IHD. Further investigation may confirm these findings.

P-206 Association between primary tumor site of colorectal cancer and RAS/BRAF mutational status with venous thromboembolism: A retrospective-prospective cohort study from 3 Croatian oncology centers

Right-sided colorectal cancer (RCRC) is associated with several negative clinicopathological and molecular features and also with worse survival than left-sided colorectal cancer (LCRC). A recent study has shown an association between RCRC and increased incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, the role of RAS/BRAF mutations considering the risk of VTE in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) remains unclear. The aim of our study was to examine impact of tumor sidedness and RAS/BRAF status regarding VTE occurrence in a cohort of patients with mCRC. We conducted a multicenter, combined retrospective-prospective, observational study, with 234 patients (n=234) and known KRAS/NRAS/BRAF status who were treated with first-line chemotherapy with or without biological therapy for mCRC in three Croatian oncologic centers (General Hospital of Šibenik-Knin County, General Hospital Zadar and General Hospital Dubrovnik) from June 2013 to March 2020. Considering prospective arm of the study 40 patients with informed consent were enrolled with minimum follow-up of 1 year. The primary endpoint was incidence of VTE and its association with location of the primary tumor and RAS/BRAF status. VTE was defined as deep venous thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism occurred 6 months before or at any time after the diagnosis of mCRC. Numerical data were described by the median and the interquartile range (IQR). Categorical variables were tested by Chi-square test and by Fisher's exact test. The normality of the distribution was tested by the Shapiro-Wilk test. Differences between two independent groups were tested by Mann-Whitney's U test. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the independent factors associated with VTE. All P values were two-sided. The level of significance was set at Alpha of 0.05. The median follow-up time was 21 months (IQR13-33). Of 234 patients included in analysis 26% had RCRC and 74% had LCRC. KRAS, NRAS and BRAF mutations were detected in 50%, 3% and 5% of patients, respectively. KRAS/NRAS mutations were more common in RCRC than in LCRC (62% vs 50% p=0.001) and the same finding has been noticed with BRAF mutations (12% vs 2% p =0.001). A total of 56 (24%) patients experienced VTE. The incidence was 43% in RCRC patients and 17.3% in LCRC patients (p < 0.001). According to mutational status, incidence was 48.2% in KRAS/NRAS-mutated patients, 10.7% in BRAF-mutated patients and 41% in KRAS/NRAS/BRAF wilde type patients. The results of logistic regression adjustment for known predictors of VTE including Khorana score, use of bevacizumab or anti-EGFR therapy and chemotherapy confirmed that RCRC was significant predictor of VTE (OR=4.7; 95% CI 1.74 – 12.57). However KRAS/NRAS/BRAF mutations were not associated with VTE (OR =0.86; 95% CI 0.11-6.59). In our study, primary tumor sidedness has been associated with VTE in patients with mCRC. Our results have not confirmed an association between biomarker status (KRAS, NRAS and BRAF) and an increased risk of VTE in mCRC patients.

The association between pre-exposure to glucocorticoids and other immunosuppressant drugs with severe COVID-19 outcomes

ObjectivesWhether preinfection use of immunosuppressant drugs is associated with COVID-19 severity remains unclear. The study was aimed to determine the association between preinfection use of immunosuppressant drugs with COVID-19 outcomes within 1 month after COVID-19 diagnosis. MethodsThis cohort study included individuals aged ≥18 years with underlying conditions associated with an immunocompromised state and diagnosed with COVID-19 between February 2020 and January 2021 at Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm.Exposure to immunosuppressant drugs was defined based on dose and duration of drugs (glucocorticoids and drugs included in L01 or L04 chapter of Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification) before COVID-19 diagnosis. Outcomes included hospital admission, ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, mortality, renal failure, stroke, pulmonary embolism, and cardiac event. ORs were calculated using logistic regression and baseline covariate adjustment for confounding with inverse probability of treatment weights. ResultsOf 1067 included individuals, 444 were pre-exposed to immunosuppressive treatments before COVID-19 diagnosis (72 high-dose glucocorticoids, 255 L01 drugs (antineoplastics), 198 L04 (other immunosuppressants) and 78 to multiple drugs). There was no association between pre-exposure and hospital admission (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.64 to 1.09) because of COVID-19. Pre-exposure to L01 or L04 drugs were not associated with hospital admission (adjusted ORs (aORs): 1.23, 0.86 to 1.76 and 1.31, 0.77 to 2.21) or other outcomes. High-dose glucocorticoids (≥20 mg/day prednisolone equivalent) were associated with hospital admission (aOR 2.50, 1.26 to 4.96), cardiac events (aOR 1.93, 1.08 to 3.46), pulmonary embolism (aOR 2.78, 1.08 to 7.15), and mortality (aOR 3.48, 1.77 to 6.86) due to COVID-19. DiscussionAntineoplastic and other immunosuppressants drugs were not associated with COVID-19 severity whereas high-dose glucocorticoids were associated. Further studies should evaluate the effect of pre-exposure of different dose of glucocorticoids on COVID-19 prognosis.

Does One’s Socioeconomic Status Predispose to the Development of Stress-Induced Cardiomyopathy?

Introduction: Stress-induced cardiomyopathy (SIC) has a higher incidence in Caucasians (CAUCs) compared to African-Americans (AAs). Whether this is due to racial predisposition, selection bias, or environmental factors remains unclear. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that people from lower socioeconomic strata (SES) have a lower incidence of SIC. It is possible that the incidence of SIC could be similar among CAUCs and AAs at the same SES. Stress preconditioning maybe protective in preventing SIC. Methods: Data of patients with the discharge diagnosis of SIC were extracted from the Myocardial Infarction Data Acquisition System spanning the period from 2006 through 2015. The incidence of SIC among CAUCs and AAs was compared per 100,000 New Jersey population and examined across income brackets. CAUCs and AAs data were compared using two-sample proportion tests. Results: During the study period, CAUCs had an overall higher incidence of SIC compared to AAs, 0.017% versus 0.0084% per 100,000 population (p value <0.0001). This difference persisted after a logistic regression adjustment (p = 0.0064). CAUCs in the income brackets of 30–40k had lower incidence of SIC than those in the 60–80k income bracket (p = 0.0156). Those with an income of 60–80k had lower incidence of SIC compared to those with an income of 80–100k. AAs with income between 30 and 60k had a lower incidence of SIC than CAUCs (p = 0.0330). Conclusions: CAUCs exhibited a trend towards less SIC as a function of lower income. This was not observed among AAs. AAs had a lower incidence of SIC. Our study suggests that SES has a protective effect among CAUCs.

Ceftazidime-Avibactam-Based Versus Tigecycline-Based Regimen for the Treatment of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae-Induced Pneumonia in Critically Ill Patients.

IntroductionThe aim of the present study was to assess the safety profile and outcomes of a ceftazidime–avibactam (CAZ-AVI)-based regimen and compare them with those of a tigecycline (TGC)-based regimen in intensive care unit (ICU) for the treatment of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP), which is classified into hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).MethodsClinical and microbiological cure rates, 28-day survival rates, and safety evaluation findings were compared between patients treated with CAZ-AVI-based regimen and those treated with TGC-based regimen in this retrospective study. Conventional multivariate logistic regression analysis and regression adjustment analysis with propensity score (PS) were performed to control for confounding variables.ResultsA total of 105 cases of critically ill ICU patients with CRKP-induced HAP or VAP were included in the present study from July 2019 to September 2020; 62 patients (59%) received TGC-based regimen and 43 patients (41%) received CAZ-AVI-based regimen. The most common concomitant agent in the CAZ-AVI group and TGC group was carbapenem (44.2% versus 62.9%, P = 0.058), while only a small proportion of the study population received CAZ-AVI and TGC monotherapy (20.9% versus 6.5%, P = 0.027). The clinical and microbiological cure rates of the CAZ-AVI group were superior to those of the TGC group [51.2% versus 29.0% (P = 0.022) and 74.4% versus 33.9% (P < 0.001), respectively]. No significant differences in the 28-day survival rates were identified between the two groups (69.8% versus 66.1%, P = 0.695). Conventional multivariate logistic regression and PS analyses showed that patients who had used CAZ-AVI were more likely to have achieved a clinical cure [4.767 (95%CI 1.694-13.414), P=0.003;3.405 (95%CI 1.304-8.889), P=0.012] and microbiological success [6.664 (95%CI 2.626-16.915), P<0.001;7.778 (95%CI 2.717-22.265), P<0.001] than patients who used TGC. However, the difference in the 28-day survival rates between the two groups was not significant. According to the safety evaluation findings, the CAZ-AVI group exhibited a generally lower incidence of adverse reactions compared with that in the TGC group.ConclusionsCAZ-AVI may be a suitable alternative for TGC in the treatment of critically ill patients with CRKP-induced HAP or VAP. These observations require further confirmation in larger randomized prospective clinical trials.

Predicting acute kidney injury and future cardiac events using urinary liver-type fatty acid-binding protein in patients with acute myocardial infarction

Abstract Background Urinary liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) has been known as a candidate biomarker for early detection of acute kidney injury (AKI). It has also been suggested to have an effective predictive value for cardiovascular mortality in patients. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the ability of urinary L-FABP in predicting AKI and future cardiovascular events in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods We evaluated consecutive 258 patients with AMI. Urinary L-FABP was measured at admission and a 2-year follow-up was performed. AKI was defined as an increase of &amp;gt;0.3 mg/dl in serum creatinine level within 2 days after emergency percutaneous coronary intervention. The composite endpoint was cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure. Results AKI was detected in 20 patients (7.8%). Patients with AKI had significantly higher urinary L-FABP levels (68.0 μg/gCr vs 3.1 μg/gCr, p&amp;lt;0.001) compared to those with non-AKI. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed urinary L-FABP levels exhibited 85.7% sensitivity and 96.0% specificity, at a cutoff value of 29.7 μg/gCr. We used propensity score analyses to balance measurable confounders between patients with and without AKI, including age, left ventricular ejection fraction, an inflammation marker, renal function, and albuminuria. In logistic regression adjustment with the propensity score, urinary L-FABP level of &amp;gt;29.7 μg/gCr was an independent predictor of AKI (p=0.001). Furthermore, high urinary L-FABP (&amp;gt;29.7 μg/gCr) on admission correlated with an increased risk of the composite endpoints during 2-year follow-up in the Kaplan–Meier analysis (p&amp;lt;0.001). Conclusions Urinary L-FABP level may be a useful biomarker for predicting not only the onset of AKI but also adverse cardiovascular events in patients with AMI. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

Association of Environmental tobacco smoke exposure with depression among non-smoking adults

BackgroundDepression is a psychological dysfunction that impairs health and quality of life. However, whether environmental tobacco smoke exposure (ETSE) is associated with depression is poorly understood. This study was designed to evaluate the association of ETSE with depression among non-smoking adults in the United States.MethodUsing the 2015–2016 United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), we identified 2623 adults (females – 64.2%, males – 35.8%) who had never smoked and applied multivariable adjusted-logistic regression to determine the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) at P < 0.05 for the association of ETSE with depression adjusting for relevant confounders.ResultsMean age of respondents was 46.5 ± 17.9 years, 23.5% reported ETSE, and 4.7% reported depression. Also, aORs for the association of ETSE with depression were 1.992 (1.987, 1.997) among females and 0.674 (0.670, 0.677) among males. When we examined the association by age groups, the aORs were 1.792 (1.787, 1.796) among young adults (< 60 years) and 1.146 (1.140, 1.152) among older adults (≥60 years).ConclusionsWe found that ETSE was associated with higher odds of depression among females but not among males.

Secondhand smoke exposure and dyslipidemia among non-smoking adults in the United States.

Dyslipidemia is a major public health challenge worldwide and whether secondhand smoke exposure (SHSE) is associated with dyslipidemia is yet to be understood. This study evaluated the relationship between SHSE and odds of dyslipidemia among adults in the United States. We identified 3064 adults who had never smoked in the 2015-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and estimated the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval for the relationship between SHSE and odds of dyslipidemia using a multivariable adjusted-logistic regression at a two-sided p<0.05. Overall, the mean age of respondents was 46.4±18.0years, 59.6% had dyslipidemia and 36.2% had SHSE. The odds of dyslipidemia among individuals with SHSE were 1.148 (1.147, 1.149) in the overall sample, 1.214 (1.214, 1.215) among women and 1.165 (1.163, 1.167) among men. The odds trended similarly independent of age groups: 1.130 (1.129, 1.131) for young adults (<60years) and 1.304 (1.300, 1.308) for old adults (≥60years). SHSE was associated with higher odds of dyslipidemia with higher odds among women and old adults. Primary intervention(s) targeted at reducing SHSE may show benefits in reducing the odds of dyslipidemia, and longitudinal studies would be necessary to clarify the association between SHSE and dyslipidemia.

Use of Calcium Channel Blockers and Risk of Active Tuberculosis Disease: A Population-Based Analysis.

Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are known to reduce the availability of iron-an important mineral for intracellular pathogens. Nonetheless, whether the use of CCBs modifies the risk of active tuberculosis in the clinical setting remains unclear. To determine whether CCBs may modify the risk of active tuberculosis disease, we conducted a nested case-control study using the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan between January 1999 and December 2011. Conditional logistic regression and disease risk score adjustment were used to calculate the risk of active tuberculosis disease associated with CCB use. Subgroup analyses investigated the effect of different types of CCBs and potential effect modification in different subpopulations. A total of 8164 new active tuberculosis cases and 816 400 controls were examined. Use of CCBs was associated with a 32% decrease in the risk of active tuberculosis (relative risk [RR], 0.68 [95% CI, 0.58-0.78]) after adjustment with disease risk score. Compared with nonuse of CCBs, the use of dihydropyridine CCBs was associated with a lower risk of tuberculosis (RR, 0.63 [95% CI, 0.53-0.79]) than nondihydropyridine CCBs (RR, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.57-0.94]). In contrast, use of β-blockers (RR, 0.99 [95% CI, 0.83-1.12]) or loop diuretics (RR, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.62-1.26]) was not associated with lower risk of tuberculosis. In subgroup analyses, the risk of tuberculosis associated with the use of CCBs was similar among patients with heart failure or cerebrovascular diseases. Our study confirms that use of dihydropyridine CCBs decreases the risk of active tuberculosis.

11 Impact of the coronavirus pandemic lockdown on obstetric outcomes

It has been suggested that lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic decreased prematurity rates. We investigated the impact of lockdown on obstetric outcomes. We performed a cohort study on women who gave birth at three maternity hospitals in metropolitan Melbourne, Australia, between Jan 1st, 2019 and Sept 16th, 2020. Data were extracted from the common birth registry of the three maternities. The second lockdown started July 8th, 2020 and required people to stay at home, with limited exemptions. We performed interrupted time-series analysis to compare the monthly rates of preterm birth before 34 weeks prior to and after July 2020. We also compared the group of women who delivered between July and September 2020 to the group of women who delivered during the same period in 2019. A total 15,394 women gave birth. Interrupted time-series analysis demonstrated a significantly lower monthly rate of deliveries before 34 weeks of gestational age after July 2020 (Figure 1; p = 0.001). There were 2,207 deliveries between July to Sept. 2019 and 1,870 deliveries between July to Sept. 2020. Baseline characteristics were comparable, except for a significantly difference in twins (1.5% in 2020 versus 2.6% in 2019, p = 0.012). After excluding women with pregnancies complicated by major fetal abnormalities or stillbirth, the risk of preterm delivery before 34 weeks was much lower in patients who delivered between July and September 2020 (2.1% versus 3.3%, RR 0.64, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.94, p = 0.022) (Table 1). Similar patterns were observed for iatrogenic and spontaneous preterm birth at different gestational ages. The effect persisted after logistic regression adjustment for multiple pregnancies (adjusted OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.96, p = 0.028). The decrease in prematurity was not at the cost of an increase in stillbirth or undetected small for gestational age neonates. Strict lockdown has a strong impact on iatrogenic and spontaneous prematurity rates. While returning to normal, which aspects of lockdown contributed to this unprecedented effect should be evaluated.View Large Image Figure ViewerDownload Hi-res image Download (PPT)