Logical Tools Research Articles

Not a Negation? A Logico-Philosophical Perspective on the Ugaritic Particles lā/ ’al

The negative particles lā/ ’al in Ugaritic change from positive to negative in modal contexts, conditional, questions, disjunctions, etc. They have usually been studied from a Semitic and linguistic points of view. On the basis of their occurrence in Ugaritic texts, we pretend to explain their uncommon behaviour from a philosophical and logico-semantic perspective. Is it possible to translate this linguistic structure in our Modern languages? Starting from a general view of their use in Ugaritic language, we claim that this phenomenon can be more clearly understood in relation to modality. We interpret these negation as a negative evidential paradigm and we explain how they change in different contexts. Methodologically, we make use of formal tools of Dynamic Epistemic Logic in order to provide a more fine-grained understanding of these negations, and their dynamics.

The Conception of Logic in the Cracow Circle: Salamucha, Drewnowski, Bocheński

The aim of this paper is to present and analyse the views on logic of the members of the so-called Cracow Circle, namely the Dominican Father Józef (Innocenty) M. Bocheński, Rev. Jan Salamucha, and Jan Franciszek Drewnowski. They tried to apply the methods of modern formal/mathematical logic to philosophical and theological problems. In particular, they attempted to modernise contemporary Thomism (the trend which was then prevailing) by employing logical tools. The influence of Jan Łukasiewicz, the co-founder of the Warsaw School of Logic will be also discussed.
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 Received: 16/01/2021. Reviewed: 24/03/2021. Accepted: 13/05/2021.

Гарантування продовольчої безпеки в умовах поширення COVID-19

The purpose of the article is to carry out an analytical assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the level of food security in Ukraine. Research methods. The research was based on general scientific and economic methods, the creative heritage of the founders of economic science, publications of Ukrainian and foreign scientists on the impact of quarantine restrictions related to the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic on the level of food security of the country, regulatory legal acts, data from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, electronic resources and other sources. The monographic approach is used to analyze the dynamics of the actual consumption of agri-food products and the level of food independence for individual agri-food products. Normative and positive approaches are used to highlight real risks and threats to food security. A number of techniques of abstract-logical tools made it possible to make a scientific and applied generalization of the material presented, to formulate intermediate and final conclusions and proposals. Research results. An analytical assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the consumption of agri-food products and the level of food independence for individual agri-food products has been carried out. It has been proven that Ukraine produces enough food to ensure healthy nutrition for citizens. It has been determined that due to the low purchasing power of the population, groups of citizens with low incomes have limited access to essential agricultural and food products. In the medium and long term, there will be a shortage of food resources and global food inflation, the situation in agricultural markets will remain unstable, and trade will continue to develop under the influence of not only competition, but also political factors. Scientific novelty. The theoretical and methodological provisions, scientific, methodological and practical approaches to determining the factors of influence of quarantine measures and the spread of COVID-19 to the level of food security of the state have been substantiated. Assessing the impact of quarantine measures and the spread of COVID-19 on food security made it possible to identify the main risks of ensuring the country's food security. Practical significance. The applied aspects of the study can be taken into account in the formation of programs for the socio-economic development of the agri-food sector of Ukraine, which will increase the effectiveness of state initiatives aimed at ensuring food security of the state and increase the country's readiness for force majeure threats. Tabl.: 7. Figs.: 3. Refs.: 17.

Features and prospects of implementation of the integrated Lean Six Sigma methodology at the enterprise

The article considers the integrated Lean Six Sigma methodology. The author shows that today enterprises use the Lean Six Sigma methodology to improve production indicators, optimize the product portfolio, achieve strategic goals. The paper clarifies the essence of the American (Six Sigma) and Japanese (Lean) enterprise management methodology. The study highlights some features, system tools and methods of continuous improvement in the framework of the implementation of the integrated Lean Six Sigma methodology at the enterprise. The article highlights a number of key success factors for the implementation of this methodology. The paper proposes the criteria for assessing the readiness of the enterprise to its implementation. The scientific novelty of the study is that the author identified the advantages and problems of implementing the Lean Six Sigma methodology at enterprises. The author made a proposal on the need for mandatory assessment of the company's readiness to work on the Lean Six Sigma methodology using fuzzy logic tools, and also highlighted the stages of its implementation. The practical significance of the work done is that it can serve as a basis for further scientific research in the field of the Lean Six Sigma methodology.

GIScience research at the 2021 Esri User Conference

GIScience research at the 2021 Esri User Conference

Application Of Neural Network and Fuzzy Logic System, Optimal Control Combination To Design Vibration Damping Drill Press Force Controller For CBШ-250T Rotary Drilling Machine

The paper introduces fuzzy compensation control algorithm based on fuzzy logic tool to adjust the opening voltage of elector-hydraulic throttle to control the drilling force of CБШ-250T rotary drilling machine.The proposed solution is to use an artificial neural network to replace the vibration sensor to recognize the amplitude and frequency of axial vibration on the rotary drilling machine. Vibration amplitude, vibration frequency, and drill bit pressure setting are input variables for fuzzy logic system. This system has the function of inferring and deciding the parameters that need to be properly compensated with the goal of reducing vibration for the drill, and at the same time, in order to take advantage of the maximum power of the drill rotary motor, the drilling force of the system is required.The evaluation results are verified through modeling using the Simulink mat-lab tool, which can be applied to the current control system to improve and improve the quality of the existing control in order to reduce vibration for the CБШ-250T rotary drilling machine, which are now being used most in open mines in Quang Ninh, Viet Nam.

Juice: A Julia Package for Logic and Probabilistic Circuits

Juice is an open-source Julia package providing tools for logic and probabilistic reasoning and learning based on logic circuits (LCs) and probabilistic circuits (PCs). It provides a range of efficient algorithms for probabilistic inference queries, such as computing marginal probabilities (MAR), as well as many more advanced queries. Certain structural circuit properties are needed to achieve this tractability, which Juice helps validate. Additionally, it supports several parameter and structure learning algorithms proposed in the recent literature. By leveraging parallelism (on both CPU and GPU), Juice provides a fast implementation of circuit-based algorithms, which makes it suitable for tackling large-scale datasets and models.

Development of Mask Design Knowledge Base Based on Sensory Evaluation and Fuzzy Logic

Abstract This article focuses on the development of the mask design knowledge base, which is expected to be applied in a personalized mask design system. To realize the proposed knowledge base, a perceptual descriptive space of the mask is first developed for the description of both functional and aesthetic perceptions of a mask. The mask ontology is also developed to form the mask element matrix. Mask design knowledge is expressed as the relationship between the perceptual descriptive space and the mask ontology, which is extracted by a group of experienced designers through a sensory evaluation procedure. This relationship is then simulated by fuzzy logic tools. The proposed knowledge base has been validated that it is reliable. The personalized mask design system can be further developed with the propose mask design knowledge base.

GIS.LSP: A soft computing logic method and tool for geospatial suitability analysis

AbstractThis research study extends the Logic Scoring of Preference (LSP) as a general multicriteria evaluation (MCE) method by presenting and evaluating a new GIS.LSP method and software tool implemented within the geographic information systems (GIS) environment. For the evaluation and validation of the method and software tool, we describe a case study of urban densification suitability analysis using geospatial data for the Metro Vancouver Region, Canada. The criteria, LSP structures, and aggregators groups were developed from the perspective of urban developers who are key stakeholders in the densification process. We compare two group of aggregators and perform sensitivity and cost–suitability analysis of the LSP method by variation of input suitability scores, input attributes, and aggregators. The results indicate the GIS.LSP method is effective in providing a flexible and sensitive workflow to create realistic and justifiable outcomes from complex criteria that are bounded by stakeholders' goals and requirements.

The Performance Evaluation of Blockchain-Based Security and Privacy Systems for the Internet of Things: A Tutorial

This article presents research challenges and a tutorial on performance evaluation of blockchain-based security and privacy systems for the Internet of Things (IoT). We start by summarizing the existing surveys that deal with blockchain security for IoT networks. Then, we review the blockchain-based security and privacy systems for seventeen types of IoT applications, e.g., Industry 4.0, software-defined networking, edge computing, Internet of Drones, Internet of Cloud, Internet of Energy, Internet of Vehicles, etc. We also review various consensus algorithms and provide a comparison with respect to the nine properties, such as latency, throughput, computation, storage, and communication costs, scalability, attack model, advantage, disadvantage, etc. Moreover, we present the security analysis techniques and provide a classification into four categories, including Burrows, Abadi, and Needham (BAN) logic, game theory, theory analysis, and AVISPA tool. In addition, we analyze the performance metrics, blockchain testbeds, and cryptography libraries used in the performance evaluation of blockchain-based security and privacy systems for the IoT networks. Based on the current survey, we discuss the major steps to follow for building and evaluating blockchain-based security and privacy systems. Finally, we discuss and highlight open challenges and future research opportunities.

Molecular dynamics simulation of a nanocluster obtained from the mining industry

A dynamic molecular simulation is a straightforward and logical research tool governed by Newton’s movement equations. In this case, it is part of a new research line that explores the molecular interactions of a concentrate obtained from the mining industry (nanocluster). Mineragraphic and mineralogic analyses were performed, and 26 crystalline species were obtained and modeled, being chalcopyrite, pyrite, Cd-sulphide, quarts, and calcite the most representative structures due to their content. A geometry optimization applying the Quasi-Newton BFGS method was performed through the Materials Studio software version 8.0, obtaining the crystalline nanostructures. Finally, 95% of the structures were optimized, and more than 50% of these were validated based on X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. Crystals that have not been validated have a different molecular weight and a different chemical composition and structure, affecting their crystallinity and X-ray diffraction patterns.

Storage‐discharge characteristics of an active rock glacier catchment in the Innere Ölgrube, Austrian Alps

AbstractThe active rock glacier “Innere Ölgrube” and its catchment area (Ötztal Alps, Austria) are assessed using various hydro(geo)logical tools to provide a thorough catchment characterization and to quantify temporal variations in recharge and discharge components. During the period from June 2014 to July 2018, an average contribution derived from snowmelt, ice melt and rainfall of 35.8%, 27.6% and 36.6%, respectively, is modelled for the catchment using a rainfall‐runoff model. Discharge components of the rock glacier springs are distinguished using isotopic data as well as other natural and artificial tracer data, when considering the potential sources rainfall, snowmelt, ice melt and longer stored groundwater. Seasonal as well as diurnal variations in runoff are quantified and the importance of shallow groundwater within this rock glacier‐influenced catchment is emphasized. Water derived from ice melt is suggested to be provided mainly by melting of two small cirque glaciers within the catchment and subordinately by melting of permafrost ice of the rock glacier. The active rock glacier is characterized by a layered internal structure with an unfrozen base layer responsible for groundwater storage and retarded runoff, a main permafrost body contributing little to the discharge (at the moment) by permafrost thaw and an active layer responsible for fast lateral flow on top of the permafrost body. Snowmelt contributes at least 1/3rd of the annual recharge. During droughts, meltwater derived from two cirque glaciers provides runoff with diurnal runoff variations; however, this discharge pattern will change as these cirque glaciers will ultimately disappear in the future. The storage‐discharge characteristics of the investigated active rock glacier catchment are an example of a shallow groundwater aquifer in alpine catchments that ought to be considered when analysing (future) river runoff characteristics in alpine catchments as these provide retarded runoff during periods with little or no recharge.

Development and application of an approach for safety assessment of radioactive waste storage facilities for accidental scenarios

Worldwide there is a huge amount of radioactive waste, including disused sources, decommissioning waste, and naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) waiting for final disposal, the so-called storage facilities. Results of safety assessment of such facilities are usually required in decision-making during design, modification, safety improvements, periodic safety reviews, and licensing activities. Quantitative safety assessment methodologies used in many areas of nuclear industry involves the evaluation of risk through the definition of scenarios, likelihoods, and consequences, for normal operation and accidents. There are many techniques that can be used in each one of these steps. For screening the accident scenarios, qualitative techniques such as failure modes and effect analysis (FMEA) are available. For a quantitative assessment of occurrence probabilities of undesired events, logical and graphical tools such as fault tree analysis (FTA) are employed. Consequence assessments involve the dose assessment in the workers and the impact of the released materials in the environment and of public exposure to radiation. This work analyzes the application of these traditional safety assessment approaches to storage facilities and how they can be applied to complement specific methodologies used in this area, such as the Safety Assessment Driving Radioactive Waste Management Solutions (SADRWMS), implemented in Safety Assessment Framework (SAFRAN) software tool, made available by International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).

Devising a technology for managing outsourcing IT-projects with the application of fuzzy logic

An outsourcing IT project management model has been developed. The proposed model features taking into account the specifics of project management processes at outsourcing IT companies in terms of the uncertainty of the external and internal environment of their operation. The model is based on the stage-gate project management framework with fuzzy logic tools. The proposed modification of the fuzzy inference mechanism makes it possible to refuse to save the intermediate results which reduce the load on the database and create the possibility of using semantic networks. The technology of expert consultations was demonstrated by the example of decision-making regarding the assessment of the current status of the IT projects accepted by the outsourcing company for development. Dynamic nature and cyclical management of the portfolio of IT projects involves constant monitoring of the results of implementation with an appropriate regular portfolio reforming. The model was developed to improve the efficiency of the software development sub-process and minimize the negative consequences of financial dependence on the customer. The application software developed on the basis of the model of management of outsourcing IT projects and modification of the fuzzy inference mechanism has found practical application and was implemented in the computational practice of HYS Enterprise B.V. outsourcing IT company. Testing of the program shell has shown positive results in the course of solving the tasks peculiar to concrete stages of IT project management. The proposed structure and composition of the fuzzy knowledgebase of the expert shell are quite typical in terms of IT outsourcing problems. It is expedient to use the developed model at outsourcing IT companies in the process of project portfolio management

A secure road condition monitoring scheme in cloud based VANET

Connected vehicular cloud computing (CVCC) is a promising technology that integrates cloud computing and vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) for road condition monitoring tasks. However, maintaining security and privacy is crucial for wide deployment of such framework. Existing researches fail to address critical security flaws in CVCC scenario. This paper performs cryptanalysis on the CVCC based road condition monitoring scheme recently proposed by Wang et al. (2019). The scheme fails to achieve anonymity, unlinkability and nonrepudiation. Moreover, honest but curious RSUs may collude with each other to learn sensitive information, such as vehicle user’s trajectory. Also, an attacker can induce forged emergency case into the system through replay attack. Furthermore, in the scheme, the cloud server cannot segregate a threshold number of current reports, from a threshold number of combination of old and current reports. Along with this cryptanalysis, this paper proposes a secure road condition monitoring scheme in cloud based VANET, addressing the critical issues identified in the existing works. The security of the proposed scheme has been thoroughly evaluated using an adversary model, BAN Logic and AVISPA tool. Moreover, the performance of the proposed scheme is analyzed and compared with the existing schemes in terms of security and computation overhead.

Rule-based inferencing diagnosis in HBIM

The aim of this paper is the implementation of a methodological workflow for the diagnosis of masonry settlings, within the HBIM approach, developing a rule-based logical inference tool in Visual Programming Language. The rule-based inferencing diagnosis is a guided process, which increases the confidence factor about settlings and actual causes, on the basis of surveyors’ technical insights and evidences. The final step is the suggestion of appropriate interventions. The results show that inference logic is directly applicable to the diagnosis problem; their efficacy depends on i) the structured parametric and data modelling of decay patterns in the HBIM model and ii) the knowledge base training. The application has been validated on a case study, Masseria Don Cataldo (Bari, South Italy).

Multicriteria-analysis of deep groundwater quality using WQI and fuzzy logic tool in GIS: A case study of Kebilli region, SW Tunisia

The suitability of groundwater for drinking and irrigation purposes is potentially disturbed by a variety of factors, including climate change, salinization and risky agricultural practices. The region of Kebilli (Southwestern Tunisia) is marked by an arid climatic condition with a Saharan tendency. However, the spatial partition of the stress factors was not addressed so far in spite of the increasing demand for groundwater to the agricultural and domestic activities which supports the social and economic pressure. Therefore, Water Quality Index (WQI) and Fuzzy Logic models were applied to evaluate the groundwater quality in the Kebilli region for both drinking and irrigation purposes using the geographic information system (GIS) environment to analyze the spatial partition of various factors. According to the analytical results, the calculated values of WQI are between 83.421 and 436.858 for drinking and range from 50 to 77 for irrigation purposes. The prepared Fuzzy spatial maps show that the “desirable” and “acceptable” classes of groundwater quality samples are situated in the center of the studied region, while the “undesirable” quality of groundwater is observed mainly at the Southeastern sectors due to the domestic and agricultural activities besides the over-exploitation of the aquifer. In addition, the Fuzzy membership levels generated into a GIS-based maps give a high correlation of 0.88 and 0.79 with assessed values of WQI for both drinking and irrigation purposes respectively. Grouping analyses also confirm the resulted maps, in turn, the anthropogenic effects coincides globally with the unsuitable areas for both drinking and irrigation purposes. Consequently the perturbations in the fragile environment of the oasis ecosystem are closely related to the deterioration of the groundwater quality and the intensive use of fertilizers and pesticides for agricultural needs in the Kebilli region. The research results may improve the understanding of the groundwater sustainability and as support decision makers for planning the water management and its protection.

The Application of Tetragon Analysis in A Sample of Kurdish Adult Population with Class I Occlusion:A Cephalometric Study

Background: Visual cephalometric analysis is a simple, logical, and accurate diagnostic tool for the student, the clinician, and the researcher. The analysis is elicited from two geometric constructs, the Tetragon and the Trigon. Objective: To determine the cephalometric norms as per Fastlicht’s analysis for male and female subjects of the Kurdish population and to compare these cephalometric norms with Fastlicht’s norms, average Caucasian norms, and Iraqi (non-Kurdish) norms. Patients and Methods: The cephalometric radiographs of 63 individuals, 25males, mean age 23.01 ±2.9 years, and 38 females, mean age 23 ± 3.2 years, were selected. FACAD 3.4.0.3, an orthodontic tracing software for cephalometric analysis and treatment planning, was used to digitally trace the reference points and reference lines for the tetragon analysis. Results: The statistical differences between the data of the Iraqi Kurdish population and the data of Fastlich, average Caucasian, and Iraqi non-Kurdish population were significant. Conclusion: The data of the Kurdish population is different from that of Fastlich and non-Kurdish Iraqi data. It is recommended to use this study's findings to get a more accurate result for the Iraqi Kurdish population when using tetragon analysis. Keywords: Tetragon Analysis; Cephalometric; Visual cephalometric analysis

FUZZY LOGIC APPARATUS AS A TOOL FOR ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DIGITALIZATION OF A COMPANY

In this article, the author gives an example of using the apparatus of fuzzy logic in assessing the effectiveness of digitalization of an enterprise, specifies indicators that can be used as criteria for building a system for assessing the effectiveness of digitalization, as well as provides an overview of existing developments. Within the framework of the article, the study outlines the directions of modification of classical estimation methods that are possible using the apparatus of fuzzy logic. The paper substantiates the choice of a universal fuzzy logic tool as a mathematical apparatus for forming an assessment: a system of fuzzy logical conclusions – standard five-level [0; 1]-classifiers. The possibility of fuzzy classification of properties, as well as qualimetry based on the aggregation of hierarchies of factors, will make it possible to assess the level of efficiency of enterprise digitalization by the degree of success.

Сировинна орієнтація аграрного сектору та її соціально-економічні наслідки для України

The purpose of the articles is to determine the socio-economic consequences of the raw material orientation of the agricultural sector of the domestic economy and to outline the priority areas of regulatory nature aimed at mitigating risks in the field of employment and the labor market in rural areas. Research methods. The research was based on general scientific and economic methods, the work of Ukrainian and foreign scientists on foreign trade, regulations, data from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, electronic resources and other sources. Monographic and systematic approaches are used to analyze the structure of foreign trade in agri-food products. The principle of systems thinking helped to clarify the socio-economic consequences in the field of employment, labor market and rural migration. A number of techniques of abstract-logical tools made it possible to formulate intermediate final conclusions and determine conceptual ways of solving the problems raised. Research results. Considered from critical positions the commodity structure of Ukraine's foreign trade by groups 1-24 UCG FEA for 2000-2020. It was found that the main factors for increasing the export of raw materials were: liberalization of foreign trade relations, the termination of cooperative ties between agricultural production and processing enterprises and the creation of protectionist conditions for investment in agriculture. This was successfully used by the owners of speculative, financial, shadow, including foreign capital in the form of agricultural holdings with offshore jurisdictions. Thanks to the favorable situation in the global commodity markets, these organizations have significantly increased the production and export of grain crops, seeds and fruits of oilseeds and sunflower oil over two decades. During the same period, the export of finished food products has been reduced. If in 2000. The negative trade balance of the mentioned subgroup of goods amounted to 65 million, then according to the results of 2020 it increased to 392.2 million US dollars, or more than 6 times. Structural imbalances have led to the formation of a rental economic model in Ukraine, which has limited potential for further growth in added value. Ultimately, this negatively affects the well-being of households, social and labor relations, which have become especially aggravated in the field of employment, the labor market and population migration. In 2020, there were 1,783 thousand informally employed in rural areas, which amounted to 44.7% of the total in the economy and 36.2% of the total rural population aged 15-70. This is almost 4 times more than all employees in agriculture. Among the priority measures it is proposed: to revise the regulatory policy in the field of foreign trade in raw materials of this subgroup of goods; promoting the export of end-use products; stimulation of vertical and horizontal integration of agricultural producers, processors of raw materials and trade on mutually beneficial terms; creation of territorial production clusters; reanimation of all types of cooperation in rural areas from the standpoint of reducing risks to the balanced development of the agricultural sector and the country's economy. Scientific novelty. A comprehensive vision of the negative socio-economic consequences of the dominance of an archaic model of the economy, which in the conditions of a market turnover of rights to land plots, can become aggravated, has received further development. In contrast to the existing raw material exploitation of the agrarian sector and the rural population, the increase in the export of final consumption goods will contribute to the well-being of households and balanced rural development. Practical significance. Positioning the agricultural and food sector of Ukraine as a world leader in the export of end-use goods will contribute to solving the socio-economic problems of the rural population and balanced rural development. Tabl.: 2. Figs.: 2. Refs.: 26.