Logic Theory Research Articles

Understanding the current backlash against LGBTIQ+ rights through the lens of heteroactivism: A case study of the International Organization for the Family’s transnational norm diffusion on Twitter

Abstract A new generation of transnational anti-gender actors are framing themselves as human rights champions and protectors of the rights of the “natural family”. To better understand these actors’ norm diffusion, including their re-styling of anti-gender narratives in contemporary iterations of heteroactivism and its potential threat to LGBTIQ+ rights, in this article we analyse the social media tactics of a key transnational anti-gender actor: the International Organization for the Family (IOF). The analysis is focused on the organisation’s Twitter (now X) account and we draw on theories of network media logic, connective action, and connective emotions. Two periods of activism – the first a low-intensity period in 2021 and the second a high-intensity period in 2022 – were purposefully selected for the analysis. In this article, we identify differences between the two periods, noting that the period covering the flagship event, the World Congress of Families (WCF) in 2022, was markedly less LGBTIQ-hostile and adversarial than the first period. IOF thus appears to be inspired by heteroactivist frames during the WCF and abides by logic that should trigger user interaction and content spreading. The lack of interactions and engagement with IOF Twitter content in either period indicates the need for more research on which logics apply to anti-gender audiences. We discuss the findings and what they may imply in a context like Sweden, a country whose self-image as a global champion for women’s and LGBTIQ+ rights may make it ill-equipped to counter the onslaught of transnational actors’ norm entrepreneurial activities.

Aspects of a logical theory of assertion and inference

AbstractThe aim here is to investigate assertion and inference as notions of logic. Assertion will be explained in terms of its purpose, which is to give interlocutors the right to request the assertor to do a certain task. The assertion is correct if, and only if, the assertor knows how to do this task. Inference will be explained as an assertion equipped with what I shall call a justification profile, a strategy for making good on the assertion. The inference is valid if, and only if, correctness is preserved from the premiss assertions to the conclusion assertion. Most of this is a spelling out of views on assertion and inference presented by Per Martin‐Löf in lectures since 2015.

The problem of the variable in Quine's perspicuous lingua franca of the sciences

AbstractSome 55 years after the publication of Russell's seminal ‘On Denoting’, Quine adopted the theory of definite descriptions presented therein to formulate his perspicuous lingua franca for the sciences. This paper illustrates how, in so doing, Quine's lingua franca inherited an old antinomy at the core of Russell's theory of definite descriptions, specifically, the lack of congruency between notation and metaphysical commitments when the variable assumes the role of fundamental singular reference. In this context, the paper contends that the phrase ‘to be is purely and simply to be the value of the variable’ is far from the straightforward solution Quine initially envisioned for his lingua franca. Additionally, it argues that it is unlikely that an attempt to account for a determinate object theory, such as those propounded by Russell and Quine, can prove successful when grounded in a referential theory of quantificational logic where the variable, seen as a simple range of values, holds fundamental singular referent‐position. The paper concludes by suggesting that Meinong's object theory could resolve the problem of the variable, albeit at the cost of potentially undesirable ontological and logical commitments. Alternatively, Kit Fine's recent work on other antinomies in the variable may provide a promising approach to exploring how to salvage the variable as a formal foundation for ontology.

Difference operators on fuzzy sets

Based on the properties of the difference operator on crisp sets, a fuzzy difference operator in fuzzy logic is defined as a continuous binary operator on the closed unit interval with some boundary conditions. In this paper, the structures and properties of fuzzy difference operators are studied. The main results are: (1) Using the axiomatic approach, some generalizations of classical tautologies for fuzzy difference operators are obtained. (2) Based on the model theoretic approach, the fuzzy difference operator constructed by a nilpotent t-norm and a strong negation is characterized. (3) the paper discusses the relationship between the fuzzy difference operator and symmetric difference operator which was raised in [3].

Digital support of spatial planning processes in the regions

Subject. This article deals with the design and modeling of a data-centered tool for supporting spatial planning processes. Objectives. The article aims to develop a tool designed to solve the problem of automated formation of volumetric surfaces, which is necessary for assessing the innovative development of the region. Methods. For the study, we used the methods and approaches of the fuzzy logic theory, and logical programming methods. Results. An integrated approach to solving regional problems, taking into account the empirical knowledge of experts, helped develop a tool for assessing the innovative potential of the region, its approbation through using a Russian region as a case study is illustrated with graphs. Relevance. The formed triad of sustainable development makes it possible to reflect the behavior of the regional innovative development index as a whole on the basis of social, economic and environmental indicators of sustainability.

A formalization of Descartes’ causal argument for existence of God

In this paper I attempt a formalization of Descartes’ causal argument for the existence of God presented in the Third Meditation. By taking into account the philosophical setting of Descartes’ Meditations, I argue that the best logical theory to carry out the formalization is quantified modal logic where free logic is used for the first-order axioms. This fact is related to Descartes’ distinction between formal and objective reality which — to my mind — suggests both the adoption of modality (e.g. true in formal vs true in objective reality) and the possibility of using empty names (i.e. names which lack reference in “formal reality”). After presenting the formal system and the reconstruction of Descartes’ proof, I will discuss some issues related to the philosophical import of the formalization, such as the understanding of rigid designation and lack of reference. I will argue that the formalization of Descartes’ argument has an intrinsic philosophical value for it sheds light on the structure of argument, its implicit difficulties, and the use of logic itself to understand the philosophical tradition.

The Strategic Evolution of Institutional Logics Across Social Entrepreneurial Process: A Multiple Case Study

Abstract Although a hybrid logic is widely recognized as the best institutional logic for social enterprises, why and how such a hybrid logic works for social enterprises is under-explored. Based on the institutional logic theory, we conduct a multiple-case study to investigate how and why the two competing logics are combined to form a hybrid logic during social entrepreneurial process. Data are collected from the in-depth semi-structured interviews with social entrepreneurs from three leading social enterprises in China. We categorize a hybrid logic model as a dominant logic model, which includes a social-dominant logic model and a commercial-dominant logic model, and an equality of dual logic model. We find that the adoption of a hybrid logic is affected by the type of a social enterprise and the motivation to acquire different legitimacy. Specifically, an integrated social enterprise adopts a commercial-dominant logic model while an external social enterprise employs a social-dominant logic model to achieve sustainability. An embedded social enterprise can adopt an equality of dual logic model from its establishment. Our study contributes to research on strategic social entrepreneurship by revealing the dynamic relationship among different types of social enterprises, the adoption of a hybrid logic at different entrepreneurial stages, the motivation to acquire different legitimacy, and business outcomes.

The Role of Institutional Logics in Shaping Sustainable Talent Management: A Comparative Study of Two South Korean Conglomerates

This research examines the evolution of human resource management (HRM) practices within Samsung and Lotte, two major South Korean conglomerates. Both companies have been profoundly influenced by the Japanese management paradigm, especially in areas like seniority-based promotion rooted in Confucian values. Drawing from institutional theory, the study elucidates how similar economic trajectories in South Korea and Japan fostered comparable institutional logics and pressures in HRM. However, as organizations navigate institutional shifts, their responses and resulting HRM adaptations can diverge. Utilizing a comparative approach through the lens of the institutional logic theory, key findings unveil as follows: (1) Samsung and Lotte’s HR practices exhibit a strong Japanese influence, highlighting cultural/historical context’s importance. (2) Despite similar pressures, the conglomerates developed distinct HR practices attributed to differing institutional logics. (3) Institutional logics play a pivotal role in shaping HRM and influencing organizational behavior. (4) Organizations adapt HR practices in response to institutional complexities, leading to practice divergence. (5) The study extends institutional theory’s application in understanding organizations’ varied responses to similar pressures. (6) Findings offer HR professionals insights on tailoring strategies based on contextual understanding. The study extends the application of institutional theory in deciphering varied organizational responses. Practically, it provides HR professionals guidance on contextually appropriate HRM strategies. Companies across Asia can leverage these insights to anticipate HR practice shifts and align them with evolving institutional frameworks.

Implementation and Possibilities of Fuzzy Logic for Optimal Operation and Maintenance of Marine Diesel Engines

This paper explores the implementation and possibilities of utilizing fuzzy logic theory for optimal operation and early fault detection in marine diesel engines. It emphasizes its role in managing the complexity and ambiguity inherent in engine performance and preventive maintenance. Preventive maintenance is crucial for ensuring the reliability and longevity of marine diesel engines. Implementing fuzzy logic control (FLC) systems can enhance the preventive maintenance strategies for these engines, leading to reduced downtime, lower maintenance costs, and improved overall performance. Through a comprehensive literature review and analysis of a case study, this paper demonstrates the adaptability, effectiveness, and transformative potential of fuzzy logic systems. Focusing on applications such as engine speed control, performance improvements, and early fault detection, the paper highlights the implementation of fuzzy logic for enhanced predictive capabilities. The study aims to offer a flexible approach to engine management through fuzzy logic, laying the way for significant improvement in optimal marine diesel engine operation.

On being drawn to different types of arguments: a mouse-tracking study

How people distinguish well-justified from poorly justified arguments is not well known. To study the involvement of intuitive and analytic cognitive processes, we contrasted participants’ personal beliefs with argument strength that was determined in relation to established criteria of sound argumentation. In line with previous findings indicating that people have a myside bias, participants (N = 249) made more errors on conflict than on no-conflict trials. On conflict trials, errors and correct responses were practically equal in terms of response times and mouse-tracking indices of hesitation. Similarly to recent findings on formal reasoning, these findings indicate that correct reasoning about informal arguments may not necessitate corrective analytic processing. We compared findings across four argument schemes but found few differences. The findings are discussed in light of intuitive logic theories and the notion that evaluating informal arguments could be based on implicit knowledge of argument criteria.

Project management using the developed AHP–VIKOR method with the fuzzy approach

ABSTRACT There are many factors to consider when designing a sewerage pumping station (SPS), such as sizing the system, pump type, cooperation between pumps, SPS elevation, wastewater discharge location, system venting, correct number of inflows into the pumping station (PS) reservoir, and chemical resistance of the installations. In this study, we developed a multi-criteria-decision-making (MCDM) fuzzy AHP–VIKOR method with the aim to contribute to the improvement and development of MCDM methods. By combining and improving the existing AHP and VIKOR methods with the application of fuzzy logic theory, a novel fuzzy AHP–VIKOR method is for easier and clearer obtaining of optimal solutions. The new method was applied to obtain the findings in the analysis of four complex design solutions for canalisation, treatment, and pumping of atmospheric wastewater in the SPS in Makiš, an urban neighbourhood of Belgrade in Serbia. The analysis was carried out in relation to the stability of the solution by way of considering the use of different methods of MCDM optimisation, while taking into account ways of channelling, treatment, and evacuation of wastewater.

The Mediating Effect of Online Brand Engagement on Customer Experience: An Emerging Market Perspective

ABSTRACT Of rapidly growing importance to practitioners and scholars is customer brand engagement and customer experience. The study examines the mediating effect of online brand engagement in the relationship between customer satisfaction, electronic word-of-mouth, digital platform and COVID-19 and customer experience from a developing country perspective, through the lens of the Service-Dominant Logic theory. Using the online survey method of data collection, a total of 552 valid responses were conveniently collected through a carefully designed questionnaire. The study employed the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling technique (PLS-SEM) to test the various hypotheses. The study revealed positive relationships between Covid-19, customer satisfaction electronic word of mouth and online brand engagement with the relationship being stronger for electronic word of mouth. The findings provide valuable insights into how providers of services can create valuable customer experiences through customer online brand engagement. The study emphasizes the need for business practitioners to innovatively engage their customers, particularly through electronic word of mouth in their efforts to improve customer experience with their brands.

Logical abductivism on abductive logic

Logical abductivism is the epistemic view about logic according to which logical theories are justified by abduction (or Inference to the Best Explanation), that is on how well they explain the relevant evidence, so that the correct logical theory turns out to be the one that explains it best. Arguably, this view should be equally applied to both deductive and non-deductive logics, abduction included. But while there seems to be nothing wrong in principle in using abduction to determine the correct logical theories of deduction and induction, things might be more complicated regarding logical theories of abduction. We may wonder whether allowing for an abductive justification of a theory of abduction is an epistemically legitimate move, since here circularity casts its shadow and makes the situation darker. This is the issue to which this work is devoted. I will defend that, to be effective, an abductive justification for a theory of abduction calls for a justification of abduction in advance, which we do not yet have.

CONTENT ANALYSIS OF APPROACH MESSAGES ON LIVE STREAMING CONTENT ON ONLINE SHOP ACCOUNT IN TIKTOK SHOP

In the world of commerce, a new trend is developing where selling and promoting products via live streaming on social media platforms is increasingly in demand. TikTok, as one of the main platforms, has launched the TikTok Shop feature which offers live streaming services, becoming a favorite for Indonesian people to shop. Direct interaction between sellers and buyers in live streaming creates a new and interesting shopping experience. The aim of this research is to categorize online stores based on the messaging approach used and evaluate their effectiveness. Qualitative content analysis methods were used in this research. The results show that online stores that use a combined group messaging approach tend to be more effective in attracting live streaming viewers and increasing sales. The four online shop accounts studied fall into three categories of message structuring logic theory. The @louissescarlettfamily account succeeded in attracting many viewers and increasing sales by using an expressive and combinative approach. Meanwhile, the @oktaviana_tas_grosir and @dininrli accounts follow more conventional logic in composing messages, focusing on important information, but are unable to attract many viewers. The @basreng.sultan.bandung account uses an emotional rhetorical approach and is successful in influencing purchasing behavior in live streaming. Thus, online stores that combine expressive and combinative messaging approaches tend to be more successful in attracting audiences and increasing sales. An emotional rhetorical approach can also be effective in influencing purchasing behavior in live streaming. Keywords: Content Analysis, Tiktok Shop, Message Approach

Greening the Path: The Three-Way Interactive Effects of Psychological Ownership, Green Knowledge Sharing, and Social Media

ABSTRACT This study develops an integrated framework grounded in service-dominant logic theory to examine green destination psychological ownership, customer engagement, knowledge sharing, and social media usage as drivers of green electronic word of mouth. A multi-wave survey analysis conducted among 507 Vietnamese travelers supported the hypothesized direct effect, mediation, and three-way interaction between the factors. The results revealed that green customer engagement mediates the relationship between green destination psychological ownership and word of mouth. Additionally, companies’ green knowledge sharing and travelers’ social network proneness strengthen the positive influence of ownership feelings on engagement, subsequently enhancing word of mouth. The findings contribute novel insights into integrated green marketing effects, with implications for leveraging customer psychology and behaviors to promote green word of mouth. By fostering ownership feelings, actively sharing sustainability knowledge, and understanding social media habits, tourism organizations can enhance participation in green initiatives and recommendations. This study advances the theoretical and practical understanding of strategies for nurturing green behaviors and outcomes in the digital age through an integrated framework grounded in service-dominant logic theory. Further research should investigate additional variables and contexts to deepen knowledge on enabling collaborative value creation for sustainability.

METHODOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF THE THEORY OF SOCIALIZATION AND PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT

Relevance. The report analyzes the methodological foundations of the study of personality socialization in the heuristic tradition of the Kyiv Philosophical and Psychological School. The laws of human development through socialization based on cultural forms are formulated. Methodology. A comprehensive approach (I. Sikorskyi, G. Chelpanov), which establishes the methods of metaphysics, theory of knowledge and logic in the theoretical arsenal of psychological science. Phenomenological approach (E. Husserl, G. Shpet), which considers the category of social existence in the trinity of individual, collective and corporate consciousness, and also uses the categories of form and content, phenomenon, meaning and sense, image and understanding as its interpretation based on one's own experience as central in the work of cognitive actions of human consciousness. Results. The use of a phenomenological approach allows us to assert that personality development appears as an active process that is carried out through the appropriation and transformation of cultural forms by a person as a subject of socialization and the formation of his own expanded identity based on them. The main mechanism of the conscious development of the personality in culture involves the following processes: 1) experiencing the significance of the new and its acceptance as a cultural form (emotional component); 2) reproduction as an interpretation of the new form in the categories of one's own experience (rational-creative component); 3) use of the understood content as a practical test of its ability (cognitive component); 4) the person's expansion of the borders of the Self or his identity through awareness of a new cultural form as part of his own experience (self-reflective meaningful component).

Basic Computational Algorithms for Representing an Aircraft Flight (Calculation of 3D Displacement and Displaying)

This manuscript describes the computational process to calculate an airplane path and display it in a 2D and 3D coordinate system on a computer screen. The airplane movement is calculated as a function of its dynamic’s conditions according to physical and logical theory. Here, the flight is divided into maneuvers and the aircraft conditions are defined as boundary conditions. Then the aircraft position is calculated using nested loops, which execute the calculation procedure at every step time (Δt). The calculation of the aircraft displacement is obtained as a function of the aircraft speed and heading angles. The simulator was created using the C++ programming language, and each part of the algorithm was compiled independently to reduce the source code, allow easy modification, and improve the programming efficiency. Aerial navigation involves very complex phenomena to be considered for an appropriate representation; moreover, in this manuscript, the influence of the mathematical approach to properly represent the aircraft flight is described in detail. The flight simulator was successfully tested by simulating some basic theoretical flights with different maneuvers, which include stationary position, running along the way, take off, and some movements in the airspace. The maximum aircraft speed tested was 120 km/h, the maximum maneuver time was 12 min, and the space for simulation was assumed to be without obstacles. Here, the geometrical description of path and speed is analyzed according to the symmetric and asymmetric results. Finally, an analysis was conducted to evaluate the approach of the numerical methods used; after that, it was possible to confirm that precision increased as the step time was reduced. According to this analysis, no more than 500 steps are required for a good approach in the calculation of the aircraft displacement.

Query Optimization by Quantifier Elimination

Query optimizers have a limited arsenal of techniques for optimizing nested queries. In this paper, we develop a new approach for query optimization based on quantifier elimination. Quantifier elimination is a well-established tool for proving the decidability of logical theories. Here, however, we show that it can be turned into an effective query optimization technique that may yield asymptotic improvements in query processing efficiency. In addition, the technique establishes a foundation for certain well-known but previously little-understood aggregation based techniques for optimizing nested queries.

Resolving the Judiciary Tensions between the Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court of Indonesia

This paper addresses a critical issue undermining the legal coherence and judicial stability in Indonesia: the discord between the Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court in the realm of judicial review. This paper uncovers the root cause as a weak chain of validity in law formation, aggravated by divergent legal frameworks governing each court through utilizing doctrinal research methods. Drawing on Bullygin's deontic logic theory, the paper reveals a lack of explicit cross-sectoral policy synchronization. To immediately alleviate these tensions, this paper proposes the establishment of a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between the two courts, aiming to solidify the chain of legal norms and restore systemic stability. For a long-term resolution, a comprehensive revision of the judiciary law is advocated. This research serves as an urgent call for coordinated reforms to bolster the integrity and efficiency of Indonesia's judicial system.

Generalized Quantification in an Axiomatic Truth Theory

ABSTRACT Bruno Whittle (2019) has recently extended Kripke’s semantical theory of truth to languages containing generalized quantifiers. There are reasons for axiomatizing semantical theories, and for regarding Halbach and Horsten’s PKF as a good axiomatization of Kripke’s. PKF is a theory in Partial Logic. The present paper complements Whittle’s by showing how Partial Logic, and then PKF, may be extended to cover binary quantifiers meaning ‘every’, ‘some’, and ‘most’.