Logical Structure Research Articles

On the Logic of Islamic Feminism: A case study of Minangkabaunese Matrilineality

This article aims to seek (1) a new meaning of Islamic feminism and (2) its logical structure whether traditional or modern in its nature. I will examine Etin Anwar’s distinction between ‘Islamic feminism’ and ‘Muslim feminism’ and discuss the potential of self-ownership for developing arguments in favor of gender justice. While Anwar’s definition of Islamic feminism excludes male feminists in such a way, I argue that it is not strategic for gender justice, and it would be necessary to adopt self-ownership into the discourse of Islamic feminism instead. This suggestion manifests in the Minangkabau matrilineal setting, in which case men share their self-ownership with their wives, mothers, and sisters due to the institution of bundo kanduang. As a consequence, Minangkabaunese Muslim men shoulder some extra filial duties but enjoy nothing from the inheritance division. I also conducted several in-depth interviews with some experts concerning this issue. The upshot is that Islamic feminism should be inclusive of male feminists, and it should pay attention to the modern logic of dialetheia instead of the traditional logic.

Peculiarities of normative regulation training of specialists in security activities

The article deals with the peculiarities of professional training normative regulation of security personnel. It was found that there is no scientific research on the normative regulation of the qualification requirements that are put forward to the security personnel. The aim of the research is to prepare proposals for improving the regulatory regulation of security specialists’ training. To achieve the goals of the article, a complex of scientific methods was used: formal and dogmatic one - during the analysis of the provisions of normative legal acts in the sphere of security activities; comparative legal method - within the limits of comparing the norms of legislative and by-laws. The application of the methods of analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction made it possible to build a logical structure of the scientific article and draw reasonable conclusions regarding the optimization of normative regulation of the educational training of security specialists. The present research analyzed the history of legal regulation of security specialists’ training in Ukraine, identified shortcomings and gaps in the regulatory framework of this sphere of activity. It was established that the existing standards of higher education do not take into account the needs of subjects of security activities in the training of security personnel. It has been proven that the normative and legal framework in the sphere of security activities does not require specialists in organization of security measures to have a specialized higher education. It is justified that the bachelor’s degree holders (specialty «Personal and Property Security») and master’s degree holders (specialty «Security Activities and Safety») should not have different specializations. It was concluded that the differences can only be in the focus of the training specialties of bachelor’s and master’s degrees holders: for subjects of security activity - specialty 076 «Entrepreneurship, Trade and Exchange Activity», and for subjects of state security bodies - specialty 251 «State Security». On the basis of the conducted research, suggestions were made regarding the improvement of the Law of Ukraine «On Security Activities» dated March 22, 2012 and the Licensing Conditions for the Conduct of Security Activities, which were approved by the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine dated November 18, 2015 No. 960.

Data-driven Solution for Agri-SMEs Optimization in Albania: A Framework Using C# and .NET

The Albanian economy relies heavily on the agricultural sector. However, the lack of comprehensive farm management data reduces Albanian agricultural enterprises’ competitiveness in global markets. The purpose of this article is to propose the building of a data gathering, analysis, and visualization application utilizing the C# programming language and the.NET framework. Big data in agriculture can help businesses improve their efficiency, competitiveness, and performance. Drawing on current challenges in Albanian agri-SMEs, it presents a logical structure for a web application designed to improve small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the agricultural sector by easing sales and purchase monitoring while optimizing profitability. The study suggests that data-driven solutions are essential for agricultural optimization in Albania, with guidelines for future refinement and implementation.

Heterogeneous-branch integration framework: Introducing first-order predicate logic in Logical Reasoning Question Answering

The logical reasoning question-answering is a critical task in natural language processing, as it equips models with human-like logical reasoning intelligence. Existing approaches focus on extracting and leveraging the hidden logical structures within text. However, previous works explore partial logical relationships and neglect the holistic extraction within the text. Moreover, they struggle to fully model logical connections, including long-distance dependencies and local topology information. To address these issues, we propose a novel heterogeneous-branch integration framework. Our framework is based on first-order predicate logic theory and consists of three primary components. First, we construct two heterogeneous logical graphs to model logical relationships within and between propositions. Second, we propose a novel Graph-Masked Transformer with a novel graph-masked multi-head attention mechanism to enable distant node interactions and local sparse relationship modeling. Third, we propose a novel multi-branch fusion module to integrate information from multiple sources and generate answer predictions. The proposed heterogeneous-branch integration framework outperforms the VDGN method by 2.73% in accuracy on the ReClor dataset and 2.15% on the LogiQA dataset. Our code and models will be made available at https://github.com/starry-y/HBI.

The problem of the relations between the science and the subject-matter of education in the higher education of librarians and bibliographers

The subject-matter of education is one of the main elements of the didactic system. The correct determination of the main subject-matter of education enables the achievement of educational goals. Education and higher education are closely interconnected. However, one of the main problems in professional pedagogy—the relationship between science and the subject-matter of education—has not yet been fully resolved. This problem is particularly urgent in the training of skilled librarians and bibliographers because library and bibliography sciences are relatively young and rapidly developing. The author asserts that it is necessary to create a special theory of higher education in librarianship and bibliography, which would allow for the improvement of this field according to the latest tendencies in the development of library and bibliography sciences, informatics, and the science of the book. It is essential to analyze the logical structure of these sciences, to identify their main components and methods that influence the construction of corresponding branches of education. The author proposes a preliminary solution to this problem.

Differences in the structure of scientific discourse with individual and collaborative authorship of publications

Within the framework of scientific discourse, the article occupies a central place in the construction and dissemination of knowledge in the scientific community. At the same time, collaborative authorship is becoming increasingly widespread in the scientific community. The syntactic and semantic differences between the texts of collaborations and individual authors present an urgent problem and remain poorly understood. This determines the purpose of the study — to identify differences in the structure of scientific discourse with individual and collaborative authorship of publications. At the preliminary stage of the study, an unstructured research interview was conducted on the specifics of writing scientific articles individually and as part of author teams. The main research is devoted to the analysis of the semantic and syntactic structure of texts using the method of relational situational analysis (RSA), which allows you to automatically identify the correspondence of the syntaxemic structure of a sentence to the logical structure of the actions described in this sentence. The study compared the texts of 201 scientific articles in Russian from the leading psychological journals included in WoS and Scopus, divided into corpora by type of authorship (individual-collaborative) and genres (theoretical articles and reviews vs empirical methodological articles). During the study, it was revealed that the articles written in collaboration have higher lexical coherence, they are more syntactically correct. The volume of the text of a scientific article on psychology is on average 9% more with individual authorship compared with collaborative writing. The semantic and syntactic differences between the texts of articles by individual authors and collaborations have a genre differentiation. In theoretical articles and reviews of collaborations, the syntactic complexity and semantic coherence of the text are higher, the traditional structure of the statement prevails: the thesis is briefly postulated and then fully justified. With individual authorship, the main idea is more often formulated after the context, while reformulation is more often used in the texts of individual authors. The meta-discourse in theoretical articles also differs significantly: the author’s position is more represented by individual authors, and “reader involvement” is in the case of co-authorship. In empirical and methodological articles, the main differences are revealed in the specifics of meta-discourse: the author’s position, unlike the genre of theoretical articles, is more inherent in the texts of collaborations.

On Translation Pitfalls Based on Lefevere’s Theory of Translation Rewriting—Taking CATTI Level 1 Chinese-to-English Translation Texts as Examples

Based on Lefevere’s theory of translation rewriting, the latest CATTI Level 1 Chinese-to-English texts are taken as examples to gradually analyze the pitfalls that arise in translation process. A series of new thoughts and interpretations have been launched on the English translation of Chinese vocabulary and phrases, logic and sentence structure, and colloquial expressions. It is pointed out that translators should link theory with practice, get rid of the constraints of word collocation and structure of the original Chinese text, and find the most suitable solutions according to specific situations, so as to improve the quality of the target text continuously.

Why the Hexagon of Opposition is Really a Triangle: Logical Structures as Geometric Shapes

Why the Hexagon of Opposition is Really a Triangle: Logical Structures as Geometric Shapes

Quantum Physics, Digital Computers, and Life from a Holistic Perspective

Quantum physics is a linear theory, so it is somewhat puzzling that it can underlie very complex systems such as digital computers and life. This paper investigates how this is possible. Physically, such complex systems are necessarily modular hierarchical structures, with a number of key features. Firstly, they cannot be described by a single wave function: only local wave functions can exist, rather than a single wave function for a living cell, a cat, or a brain. Secondly, the quantum to classical transition is characterised by contextual wave-function collapse shaped by macroscopic elements that can be described classically. Thirdly, downward causation occurs in the physical hierarchy in two key ways: by the downward influence of time dependent constraints, and by creation, modification, or deletion of lower level elements. Fourthly, there are also logical modular hierarchical structures supported by the physical ones, such as algorithms and computer programs, They are able to support arbitrary logical operations, which can influence physical outcomes as in computer aided design and 3-d printing. Finally, complex systems are necessarily open systems, with heat baths playing a key role in their dynamics and providing local arrows of time that agree with the cosmological direction of time that is established by the evolution of the universe.

Right, Wrong, Logic and Mentality

This paper explores the nuanced relationship between right, wrong, logic, and mentality in ethical decision-making. It argues that ethical judgments are deeply subjective and context-dependent, influenced by individual and collective experiences, cultures, and cognitive frameworks. The paper introduces the metaphor of mentality as the fabric of the mind and logic as Lego pieces, illustrating how cognitive flexibility and logical structure interact to shape our moral understanding. While advocating for a fluid and adaptable approach to morality, the paper asserts the absoluteness of wrongs when actions cause significant harm. The "Twelve Gates of Wrong" framework is proposed to systematically evaluate ethical decisions, emphasizing harm avoidance. This model integrates traditional ethical theoriesvirtue ethics, deontology, and consequentialismwhile addressing the complexities of modern moral dilemmas. By balancing cognitive flexibility with logical integrity, the paper offers a comprehensive roadmap for ethical reflection and decision-making, urging a principled and empathetic approach to minimize harm and foster societal well-being.

Post-Modernism, Deconstruction of Christian Religious Education, and Cultural Projection in Central Kalimantan

The purpose of this research is to examine cultural participation in Central Kalimantan in the context of Christian education, whether as a curriculum, subject, or livelihood of Christian learning, in the midst of the postmodern wave. The aim is to explore postmodernist ideas in Christian education that are non-totalitarian, acknowledge the non-homogeneity of truth, and allow for diversity and freedom of thought. This research method prioritizes postmodernist thinking and culture in Christian religious education through a literature study. Secondary sources are taken from journal references (Scopus and Sinta) and several dissertations related to Christian education. The main sources for analysis are books by Karl Henri Nouwen, Franz-Magnis Suseno, Polanyi, and Jean-François Lyotard. The language used is clear, objective, and value-neutral, with a formal register and precise word choice. The logical structure ensures a clear and concise flow of information with causal connections between statements. The text is free from grammatical errors, spelling mistakes, and punctuation errors. The text adheres to conventional structure and formatting features, with consistent citation and footnote style. No changes in content have been made. The results indicate that postmodernism, which rejects grand narratives and totalitarianism, as well as the omission of imperialism in Christian education, plays a role in the form of a living culture in Central Kalimantan. This culture emphasizes the balance of life, respect for creation, and the ritualistic and spiritual sacredness of religion, which are reflected in education, including Christian education

A Framework of Real-time Knowledge Capture and Formalization for Model-based Design with Spoken Annotation and Design Operations

Abstract Knowledge capture without an extra burden on engineers is one of the most challenging issues in the engineering domain. This study proposes a framework of real-time knowledge capture and systematic formalization for the model-based design (MBD), the systems design approach where a simulation is a key component. The framework records the screen of the modeling tool as video data and spoken annotation in which an engineer verbally explains the rationale of the modeling conducted with Modelica-based software commonly used for MBD. The captured modeling tool log and spoken annotation are divided into chunks, each corresponding to a design operation, e.g., defining functions, defining system components, setting model elements, setting model parameters, and running simulations. gIBIS, the argumentation model for representing design rationale, represents the logical structure of the design process. We define design operation templates at the system and subsystem levels, which act as rules to convert the modeling tool log into gIBIS format systematically. We conduct a design case of a spinach harvesting machine with MBD software to verify the proposed framework. The results show that through non-intrusive recording of the design process, the proposed framework is effective in capturing knowledge that can be used to help understand how a model was built.

Моделирование импликативной семантики ландшафтных номинаций в предложении (на материале немецкого языка)

The purpose of the study is to identify the relationship of the implicative semantics of landscape nominations with logical and grammatical types of sentences and to build models of implication of additional meanings of landscape nominations on this basis. The article explores the concept of implicative semantics and investigates how the logical and grammatical structure of German sentences relates to the implicit meanings of landscape-related terms found within them. These implicit meanings are derived from German linguistic culture. The scientific novelty of the study consists in the fact that for the first time the implicative semantics of landscape nominations is modeled in connection with the logical and grammatical types of the German sentence. As a result, based on the corpus data of the Digital Dictionary of the German Language, sentences containing nominations of large landscape forms are analyzed. The specifics of the semantic roles of landscape nominations in four main types of German sentences are described. The speaker's predicative connections with landscape objects and their implicative potential in German linguoculture are systematized. Models of the formation of the implicative meaning of landscape nominations are presented in the form of four types of frames: action, procedural, evaluative and the frame of "inclusion of the singular into the particular". The necessity of taking into account the speaker's intention in interpreting the implicative meaning in different types of discourse is shown.

A fault reconfiguration strategy based on logical structure and improved reinforcement learning for ship DC regional grid

Ship DC Regional Grid (SDRG) is an advanced power system that divides the power system into different regions, which can improve energy efficiency and stability. However, little research has been done on its fault reconfiguration. In the event of a fault, the switch is controlled by the fault reconfiguration technique to reconfigure the direction of the flow, which effectively improves the reliability of the power supply to the loads. A two-stage fault reconfiguration method based on Logical Structure (LS) and Improved Reinforcement Learning (IRL) is proposed, aiming to maximize the power load and minimize the number of switches. First, LS is utilized to design the load connectivity matrix based on the grid characteristics, and the grid topology is adjusted to achieve fast reconfiguration based on load prioritization. Further, IRL is employed to improve the reconfiguration speed and quality by establishing the optimal solution experience pool and improving the reward and punishment mechanism. The proposed method enables the selection of an appropriate reconfiguration strategy based on fault size, consequently improving convergence time and flexibility. Comparative experimental results in a four-region SDRG show that the proposed method can effectively solve the SDRG fault reconfiguration problem.

Logic and symbolism of switchable porous framework materials

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are highly porous materials composed of organic linkers and inorganic nodes. A subset of MOFs can switch between at least two structures differing significantly in porosity, offering new opportunities for application technologies. However, network topology, micromechanics of building blocks and their hinges, particle size, defects, agglomeration etc., are convoluted into the responsiveness of the system. Many factors are a consequence of the material’s history, including synthesis, desolvation, and all subsequent handling steps, leading to a complex interplay of factors difficult to express clearly by ordinary language systems, chemical or mathematical symbols without loss of intuitive understanding. Here, we propose a symbolic language for the rationalization of switchability emphasizing the history-dependent responsivity of many dynamic frameworks and their stimuli-induced phase transitions. The system follows a bivalent logic inspired by Freges “Begriffsschrift”, providing a fundamental logic structure for the rationalization of statements and representation of logic gates.

LORE++: Logical location regression network for table structure recognition with pre-training

Table structure recognition (TSR) aims at extracting tables in images into machine-understandable formats. Current approaches address this issue by either predicting the adjacency of detected cells or direct generation of structural sequences. Nonetheless, these approaches either count on additional heuristic rules for post-processing, or involve the generation of extremely long-range sequences that lead to computational intricacy. In this paper, We redefine TSR as a LOgical location REgression paradigm, which effectively captures inherent logical dependencies and constraints among table cells. Correspondingly, we propose LORE, a novel approach for TSR. LORE simultaneously predicts accurate geometric coordinates of table cells and the logical structures of the entire table. Our proposed LORE is conceptually simpler, easier to train, and more accurate than other TSR paradigms. Moreover, to enhance the model’s spatial and logical representation capabilities, we propose two pre-training tasks, resulting in an upgraded version named LORE++. The incorporation of pre-training is proven to enjoy significant advantages, leading to a substantial enhancement in terms of accuracy, generalization, and few-shot capability compared to its predecessor. Experiments on standard benchmarks demonstrate the superiority of LORE++, which highlights the potential and promising prospect of the logical location regression paradigm for TSR.

Research on the Institutional Mechanism of Promoting Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Collaborative Innovation

Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei collaborative innovation is an advanced stage of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei collaborative development, and is an important manifestation and core force of regional collaborative development in the new era. Under the new situation, with the deepening of the national innovation-driven development strategy, promoting the formation of a collaborative innovation community and building a collaborative innovation mechanism have become the key initiatives to promote the high-quality collaborative development of Beijing-TianjinHebei in the new era. This paper firstly discusses the status quo, development significance and problems of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei collaborative innovation, clarifies the top-level logical structure of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei collaborative innovation mechanism, so as to further clarify the goal, structure and operation mechanism of constructing Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei collaborative innovation community,and puts forward the corresponding policy suggestions to optimize the development path of promoting Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei collaborative innovation, so as to provide a reference for further enhancing the level of collaborative innovation in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and pushing the development of collaborative innovation to a higher level. The development of collaborative innovation in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei will be pushed to a higher level and achieve common prosperity.

Observing logics: revisiting reason in The Brothers Karamazov

AbstractVery often in frameworks for and presentations of The Brothers Karamazov, the modern reading public attempts to divide characters by their ability to reason. Usually Ivan is remembered for his reason, pitted against Dmitri’s passion. Adapting some terminology from mathematical logic, I propose and trace a different approach to reason in Dostoevsky’s text, to recast its canonical characters into alternative, though still fluid, categories. This exercise aims not to reinscribe or to reinterpret Dostoevsky’s novel but rather to reconsider an aspect of reasoning, specifically modes or forms of logic. With an admittedly imperfect mapping of characters onto these logical structures, this article encourages the ways in which we can trouble notions of stable reason and sound logic as they operate in the novel.

The logical structure of modular semantic theories of software systems

AbstractThis paper studies the structure of semantic theories over modular computational systems and applies the algebraic Theory of Institutions to provide a logical representation of such theories. A modular semantic theory is here defined by a cluster of semantic theories, each for a single program's module, and by a set of relations connecting models of different semantic theories. A semantic theory of a single module is provided in terms of the set of Σ‐models mapped from the category Th of Σ‐theories and generating a hierarchy of structures from an abstract model to a concrete model of data. The collection of abstract models representing different modules of a program is formalised as the category of institutions INS, where theory morphisms express refinements, integrations, and compositions between couples of modules. Finally, it is required that a morphism in INS at any level occurs iff the same morphism occurs at the lower level alongside the Th hierarchy.

SGT: Aging-related bug prediction via semantic feature learning based on graph-transformer

Software aging, characterized by an increasing failure rate or performance decline in long-running software systems, poses significant risks including financial losses and potential harm to human life. This is primarily attributed to the accumulation of runtime errors, commonly referred to as aging-related bugs (ARBs). ARBP aims to detect and address ARBs before software release, optimizing testing resource allocation. However, ARBP’s effectiveness relies heavily on dataset quality. Prior research often relied on manually designed metrics that lack semantic features, resulting in low prediction accuracy. Some studies construct models to learn semantic features from source code, but typically focus on token-level features from abstract Syntax Trees, neglecting critical topological and functional connections. In this paper, we introduce the SGT model, an ARBP method based on Graph-Transformer. This model efficiently extracts semantic information and logical structures from source code, capturing data dependencies and program dependencies. We also propose sub-graph sampling based on node degree to reduce structural complexity and apply random oversampling to address class imbalance. Experiments on three projects demonstrate notable improvements. For instance, SGT achieved F1 scores of 0.726 and 0.706 on Linux and MySQL, respectively. Compared to ALW, SGT shows a 12.3% and 6.8% improvement on Linux and MySQL.