Logical Stage Research Articles

Innovation of Constructivist Teaching Sequences Model Based on Technology in Biology Material

The learning model is a logical stage for learning students. The learning process must pay attention to the steps that become the basic framework for creating an effective and meaningful student learning process. This study aims to innovate biology learning in metabolism material. The innovation is done by integrating several technologies namely Wordwall, Virtual Lab, and Ms. PowerPoint on the Constructivist Teaching Sequence model. The research method used is a literature review sourced from books, journal articles, research reports, and other relevant documents. This research flow has several stages consisting of literature identification, literature selection, literature analysis, synthesis of findings, and learning model innovation design. The result of this research is an innovative learning recommendation using the technology-assisted Constructivist Teaching Sequence model that can be an alternative high school biology learning model.

THE PROBLEM OF MODEL ADEQUACY IN THE APPLICATION OF GAME THEORY IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

The article considers the use of game theory in international relations and the risks associated with it. An analysis is made of the possibility of reflecting the same real situations using different game models with different connotations. The concept of the adequacy of the model in relation to the situation is considered, as well as the necessary logical stage of proving this adequacy and the risk of manipulative influence in the absence of such proof. Attention is paid to the phenomenon of the model itself and its relation to the real object of modeling.The opinion is argued about the need to prove the similarity before using the analogy as an argument for attempts to persuade on the basis of this similarity. The mechanism of manipulation is considered in which, by skipping the discussion of the adequacy of the model, it is automatically considered adequate, so the author of the model can impose his own forecasts on the consumer of information regarding the development of events, as well as his own subjective vision of the positivity of the results.As an example, two well-known problems in game theory are considered, actively used for modeling international relations: the Prisoner's Dilemma and the Chicken game. An example of modeling the same hypothetical situation using both games and differences in subjective perception of the same results, which are manifested in the choice of which of these games to use, is given. The opinion is given that although both games can be very useful in the field of international relations, when consuming information which incorporates these and other games, it is necessary to carefully check not only the author's forecasts regarding the development of events, but also the assessment of the positivity of the results in the model.

Перспективы и угрозы внедрения цифровых валют

The purpose of the article is to study the prerequisites, prospects, and threats of introducing the central bank digital currency (CBDC) as the third form of national currency. The article examines the concept of digital currency as an integral element of the new financial system and a tool capable of solving its problems by reducing the chain of interaction between the sender of transactions and the recipient, which will make payments safer, faster, transparent, and cheaper. Within the framework of the conducted research, the following results were obtained: 1) the differences between digital currencies, cryptocurrencies, and fiat money were identified and clearly outlined; 2) the experience of foreign countries in the development of the central bank’s digital currency was studied, and the main fundamental differences in the technologies of wholesale and retail digital currencies were described, as well as the possibilities of their implementation; 3) the architecture of the digital ruble was analyzed and the selected two-level retail model was evaluated, on the basis of which the domestic central bank’s digital currency technology was implemented; problem areas of the selected architecture were identified and defined as the vector of its development; 4) prospects for the development and introduction of supranational and international digital currencies were identified, and a model of a single digital currency, “BRICS Pay,” was proposed. The study showed that the economic efficiency of the digital ruble for business as a technology capable of decreasing costs by reducing the number of financial intermediaries in the transaction chain and lowering fees is indisputable, and the digital ruble itself is a logical stage in the evolution of payment and financial systems. The economic feasibility of the digital ruble’s introduction for the country’s economy is more fundamental and consists in the reduction of the level of the shadow sector, the autonomy and independence of the financial system, simplifying cross-border settlements, and overcoming sanctions restrictions.

The logical Path and Stage Tasks For The Construction of a Three-level Grading Evaluation System for Professional Construction: "Standard, Quality, and Excellence"

Currently, there are only a few vocational colleges in China that carry out professional grading evaluation. Therefore, for the introduction and reference of undergraduate college professional grading evaluation in the field of higher vocational education, analyzing the positive significance of conducting professional grading evaluation in the field of higher vocational education and providing cases of establishing professional grading evaluation can help promote the level of professional construction in vocational colleges. This article suggests that based on a comparative analysis of the current status and existing problems of the application of professional grading evaluation in internal and external higher education institutions in China, we should analyze the data collection requirements and system functional requirements of professional grading evaluation, develop a professional construction quality evaluation platform, and provide intelligent solutions for standardizing the evaluation operations of higher vocational education majors. A series of operable, executable, and referenceable grading evaluation documents should be constructed to ensure the smooth and effective implementation of professional grading evaluation work, improve the level of professional construction, and lay a solid foundation for the high-quality development of schools.

Przygotowanie strategii prowadzenia prac naprawczych i rekonstrukcyjnych w odwiertach naftowych i gazowych

The repair and restoration work implemented in inactive well stocks has led to the resolution of clustering issues based on their purpose. It has been determined that in case of clusters of accident-prone wells, the implementation of repair and restoration works and their return to the operational fund, must be carried out based on economic and technical efficiency. The corresponding analysis revealed that clusters characterizing the accident rates include issues with downhole pipes, downhole motors, tools and devices, packers, bottom hole drill pipes, cables, ropes, wires, and others types of accidents. This paper presents the accumulated results of realized RRW (repair restoration works) based on field experience for formalization and automation in developing decision-making technologies and selecting accident elimination strategy in appropriate field conditions. Various technologies have been developed for the elimination process, using appropriate equipment. Repair and restoration work for corresponding codes is proposed based on field statistical information. The economic feasibility of the obtained results and their application are classified on the basis of boundary conditions defined by developed logical stages. The logical stages are drawn up using information about field parameters, including well conditions, the location of the accident object in the well, realized technology, and appropriate technical means. As a result of the analysis of SOCAR (State Oil Company of Azerbaijan Republic) fund of accident-prone wells, 24 possible options for the implementation of RRW have been identified for the aforementioned clusters. Lists of the existing tool park, functional design parameters, and technological modes necessary for each accident cluster have been determined to implement decision-making technologies.

Digitalization in the Russian healthcare: barriers to digital maturity

Over the last 20 years a significant progress has been made in the use of digital technologies in the Russian healthcare: a widespread introduction of health information systems (HIS), work with big data, and use of artificial intelligence. Hopes are pinned on IT technologies; it is expected that they will simplify healthcare activities, as well as take the quality of medical care to a new level. Ultimately, it will contribute to a better quality of life for the population. However, certain internal and external factors slow the advance of digital technologies, creating barriers to digital maturity in healthcare. Imperfection of the legal and regulatory framework and insufficient funding of healthcare and innovation have a negative impact on the rate of development and translation of new technologies into medicine. The article considers a low level of digital literacy among health care providers and low level of motivation to make changes in organizational processes as a serious barrier to e-health promotion. Modern Russian research on this topic has identified significant gaps in basic digital skills among health professionals. At the same time, a low level of digital knowledge and patients’ trust create a low demand for e-health product development, and thus cannot act as an additional driver of IT developments. Health digitalization is an absolute trend in the current development of healthcare in our country, and in view of modern social and demographic trends, the need for medical services will only increase. Introduction of digital technologies into practice should contribute to better quality of and higher access to medical services, therefore health digitalization is a timely and logical stage of medicine development in Russia.

Ways of Genesis for an Individual's Ontological Status in an Archaic Culture (on Ukrainian Folklore Materials)

The problems of philosophical comprehension of the spiritual aspect of the culture of this ethnic group at the archaic stage of its development are among the least studied. The article examines the important and practically untouched issue in our literature of identifying the stages of the genesis of the collective self-consciousness of the ancestors of Ukrainians through their understanding of their ontological status. Cognition of this aspect of the spiritual world of ancestors is carried out through the analysis of the most archaic genres in our folklore—spells and ritual actions. The logical stages of a person's understanding of their place and purpose in the world are distinguished through the analysis of their awareness of relations with the highest spiritual forces. In the context of the pagan worldview, the earliest form of self-awareness of an individual through their relationship with the highest spiritual beings was the position of subjection, worship to these beings, as evidenced by the texts of spells that have reached our time and fragments of rituals. By dominating over nature and mastering social relations, a person begins to realise themselves as a being stronger than evil spiritual forces, and in healing magic (in the texts of spells) appear motives of threats to evil spirits, orders to them, and this is a manifestation of a new stage of awareness by a person about their ontological status. In the process of the cultural-historical transition of the ancestors of Ukrainians from paganism to Christianity, there can be distinguished several stages of awareness of changes in the ontological status of the individual. Christianity in the spiritual world of the individual initially appears only as an external surround of the pagan worldview paradigm – Christian characters appear in the form of altered pagan spirits and gods, while the ontological status of a person remains unchanged. At the next stage, Christianity absorbs pagan plots and characters, filling them with Christian values. Later in the spells, the subject weakens his participation in the fight against evil forces, giving this role to the Christian characters. The genesis of the ontological status here is contradictory: a person feels under the care of powerful Christian forces, which strengthens the processes of historical self-affirmation, and at the same time is completely dependent on these forces, weakening the feeling of being an autonomous being.

ANALYTICAL DESIGN OF COMPOSITES IN TERMS OF SYSTEMS ANALYSIS

Introduction. The development of composite materials is considered with account for the shifts of paradigms based on the basic models of the continuous self-developing environment towards paradigms based on the models of the structured self-developing environment using the ideas and methods of the system approach and synergetics. The system approach can: reduce or even eliminate the uncertainty inherent to the problem to be solved; reconstruct it in models meeting the objectives of the study; identify objects, properties, and relationships in the system under consideration, taking into account the mutual influence of the external environment. Methods. It is shown that the structural organization of the material determines the design of the product or structure and largely determines the functional properties of the entire system. Composite materials are considered as large, complex systems formed based on a modular principle; material properties are determined on the basis of autonomous studies of individual subsystems. Results. It is assumed that individual subsystems have a certain degree of autonomy; it is possible to introduce customizable reference models with the simultaneous decentralization of modules by inputs; the conditions for transferring the results of autonomous studies to the system as a whole are determined by the completeness of understanding the processes of the formation of the structure and properties of the system. In the development of composites, the relative importance, the mutual utility of the quality criteria, a reasonable balance between the internal logic of science and its practical significance are taken into account. Partial criteria are analyzed, and a generalized quality criterion for the building material is formalized. The following is considered: the complexity of the object of study (multi-dimensionality, multi-connectedness, incompleteness of diagnostic information), diagnostic interpretation of the analyzed factors, the probabilistic nature of diagnostic information (using methods of both concrete and abstract-logical cognition; each new logical stage continues the previous one and serves as a prerequisite for the previous one).

The House of Bourbon and Сonstitutional Revolutions in Southern Europe

The article examines the transfer of ideas and practices of constitutionalism from Spain to the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies in 1812–1820. On the basis of dispatches of the Russian envoy in Naples Gustav Stackelberg, the author analyses the features of the revolutionary events of the summer — autumn of 1820. The immediate objects of Count Stackelberg’s observation in Naples were the situation of the Bourbon monarchy and the new constitutional government; their relations with the Carbonari society; relations within the diplomatic corps and among representatives of the great powers. The article also examines texts of constitutional acts that formed the main milestones of the development of constitutionalism in Southern Europe: the Bayonne Statute of 1808, the Cadiz Constitution of 1812, the Sicilian Constitution of 1812, the French Charter of 1814, and the “constitution of Murat” of 1815. An attempt is made to compare the constitutional revolutions in Spain and Italy in 1820–1823: contradictions of domestic politics, the struggle of the Liberal Party and the opposition, support for the army, parliamentary activity, the fight against separatist movements, complications in foreign policy and opposition to the Holy Alliance, the role of Kings Ferdinand VII of Spain and Ferdinand I of Naples in the development of constitutional practice. This approach corresponds to modern trends in the history of the Restoration era, in which the concept of the “liberal international” is tested against Russian diplomatic sources. G. Stackelberg did not just observe the Neapolitan Revolution; he noted obvious parallels with the Spanish Revolution and reported on any attempts of covert contacts of revolutionaries from all over Europe. His political ideal was the French Charter of 1814, the application of which to the Neapolitan political situation he wanted to see in order to avoid the worst consequences of the intervention of the Austrian Empire. The author concludes that the borrowing of the Spanish constitution by the Neapolitans took place within the prepared framework, becoming a logical stage in the development of constitutionalism in countries close to each other not only in spirit, but being for a long time in the orbit of the French revolutionary and Napoleonic despotic influence. The article also shows that Stackelberg modernized the pattern of the era about the “pan-European conspiracy” and created its more moderate version based on his observations of the development of the constitutional revolution in Naples.

ЗАКОНОДАВЧЕ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ АДМІНІСТРАТИВНИХ СУДІВ ПІД ЧАС ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ

Purpose. The scientific article is dedicated to the analysis of the peculiarities of the legislative regulation of the activity of administrative courts under martial law. The main goal of the research is to identify legislative changes introduced during the legal regime of martial law in Ukraine in the sphere of functioning of the judiciary and to analyze the content of the relevant regulatory framework to outline the specifics of the legislative regulation of the activity of administrative jurisdiction courts at this time. Accordingly, the article examines the features of legal regulation, analyzes the identified problems and shortcomings, and proposes prospective directions for the development of administrative procedural legislation to ensure the effective protection of the rights, freedoms, and interests of individuals. Methods. The conducted study of the peculiarities of legal regulation of the activity of administrative courts under martial law includes the following logical stages: formulation of the problem and the purpose of the study; literature search and analysis; selection of methods and research approaches; conducting scientific research; formulation of conclusions and recommendations. The chosen research methodology is determined by the purpose and tasks of the scientific article and includes the following methods and research approaches: the dogmatic method, which helped to analyze and systematize legal concepts, terms and principles; the method of system analysis, used to study the content of new legislative provisions, their interrelation and interaction; the analysis of judicial practice facilitated the examination of court practices on this issue and determination of the peculiarities of the court activities in emergencies, etc. The abovementioned, as well as other research methods and scientific approaches, were used separately or in combination, which contributed to obtaining answers to the research problem and achieving the research objective. Results and conclusions. The author concluded that under martial law the procedure of administrative justice is regulated by the current administrative procedural legislation, the updated norms of the Law of Ukraine «On the Judiciary and the Status of Judges», recommendations and explanations of the Supreme Court, the Council of Judges of Ukraine and the State Judicial Administration. Considering the specifics of the situation in a particular region, the courts determine their mode of operation taking into account the need to ensure access to justice and the safety of judges and other participants in the process. The results of the analysis of the peculiarities of the legislative regulation of the activity of courts under martial law, as reflected in the outlined prospective directions of its development, can be used as a basis for further scientific research and in developing specific recommendations for the reform of procedural legislation in general, and administrative procedural legislation in particular.

A review of sequential micro-machining: State of art approach

In the recent years, a sequential micromachining is attracting attention of researchers as it is most promising structured approach to combine and utilize advantages of different types of micromachining techniques which improves the productivity in manufacture of high precision micro features of most advanced components. Sequential micromachining is a most effective recent approach to fabricate micro features of sophisticated parts to minimize drawbacks of individual machining techniques if they were used individually. In general, this technique combines the individual micro machining techniques in a logical sequence stages to machine faster with rough cuts in the former and achieve final sizes and tolerances in the later stage. It is the opposite of hybrid micro machining in which two techniques are combined together. Sequential micromachining can be done on different machine tools or preferably on the same machine tool for better work settling accuracy, low production time and hence less rejection. Thus, it is leading to manufacture of multifunction machine centers to perform sequential micromachining on the same machine. Eventually its necessities this manufacture to be more flexible and dynamic to accommodate the future requirements in a better way. The main aim of this review paper is to give latest developments in the field of sequential micromachining processes, especially done with same machine tools and their usefulness in terms of advantages, productivity, and applications. It also gives emphasis on capabilities of future possible combinations of various techniques with high potential in this domain.

FORMATION OF A COMPLETE CONCEPT OF BALANCED DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL OF THE TOURIST INDUSTRY OF THE REGIONS OF UKRAINE

The article proposes and substantiates a holistic concept of balanced development of the potential of the tourism industry. This concept is based on the methodology of marginalism and the philosophy of positivism, hedonism and utilitarianism and consists of a set of sequential and logical stages. The concept covers economic activities related to the balancing of market activities and non-market activities at different levels of government and non-government. The authors of the article determined the classification of parameters that affect the balance of development of the potential of the tourism industry in the regions of Ukraine, working from the outside, as well as certain internal factors formed within the region itself. The most important classification feature of the parameters for the balanced development of the potential of the tourism industry of the regions and the country is the relationship of structural elements (tourist centers, tourist areas, etc.). This study defines the formation of new opportunities and benefits with a balanced development of the potential of the tourism industry as a result of participation in the cluster.

Historical genesis of integrated reporting

Introduction. Integrated reporting provides more opportunities to meet the needs of different stakeholders in financial and non-financial information on key aspects of business. An integral part of the study of the theoretical and methodological basis of integrated reporting is the analysis of the main stages of its historical genesis, which allows to identify key events that set the vectors for the development of the concept of integrated reporting. The purpose of the study is to formalize the stages of the historical genesis of integrated reporting based on the systematization of existing approaches, as well as key events in terms of the outlined stages.Methods. The main research methods are general scientific methods of induction and deduction, structural-logical approach, grouping, generalization, systematization, retrospective analysis, methods of comparison and extrapolation.Results. Despite the different theoretical and methodological approaches to the evolution of accounting reporting, scientists agree that the concept of integrated reporting is a logical modern stage in the development of financial reporting. However, scholars’ approaches to identifying key stages in the historical genesis of integrated reporting differ. The following stages of development of integrated reporting have been studied: origin (2000-2009), formation (2010-2013), breakthrough (2014-2017) and development (since 2018). The existing approach is supplemented by a preparatory stage and a list of key events within the selected stages of integrated reporting development. In particular, we consider the adoption of GRI standards, the United Nations Global Compact, the King Report on Corporate Governance, the EU Directive and others to be important events.Perspectives. The concept of integrated reporting is currently under development, characterized by dynamic transformations in understanding the essence, purpose and use. Promising areas of research in this context are the analysis of general global trends in integrated reporting; interpretation and practical application of various standards of integrated reporting; development of methodology for compiling integrated reporting taking into account industry specifics, etc.

A New Hybrid MCDM Model for Insulation Material Evaluation for Healthier Environment

One of the easiest and most common methods for effectively reducing building energy demand is the selection of adequate thermal insulation materials. Thermal insulation is a substantial contribution and an evident, logical and practical first stage toward improving energy performance, particularly in envelope-load-dominant structures located in difficult climate zones. Today’s insulating materials come in a broad variety of sizes and shapes, each with its a own qualities. It is well acknowledged that material selection is one of the most difficult and time-consuming aspects of a construction project. Therefore, choosing the right insulation material is also a very important topic to increase energy efficiency. However, it is a complex problem with many criteria and alternatives. This study integrates three different multi criteria decision making methods, which are Fuzzy Best-Worst Method, CRiteria Importance Through Inter-criteria Correlation and Mixed Aggregation by COmprehensive Normalization Technique. In this study, the following eight criteria were taken into account in the evaluation: thermal conductivity, periodic thermal transmittance, specific heat, density, decrement factor, surface mass, thermal transmittance, and thermal wave shift. The first method will be used to find the subjective weights, while the second method will be used to find the objective weights. The third method will be used to rank the insulation materials. According to the results of the Fuzzy Best-Worst Method, the most important criterion was determined as thermal conductivity. According to the results of the CRiteria Importance Through Inter-criteria Correlation, the most important criterion was determined as thermal wave shift. According to the results of the Mixed Aggregation by COmprehensive Normalization Technique, the top 10 insulation materials are as follows: polyisocyanurate, polyurethane (1), polyurethane (2), wood fiber (1), kenaf, jute, cellulose (2), wood fiber (1), XPS (1) and XPS (2). According to the results of the proposed method, polyisocyanurate was determined as the best insulation material for healthier environment. This study makes two contributions to the literature: first, a new hybrid method was developed in this study. Secondly, in this study, the newly introduced Mixed Aggregation by COmprehensive Normalization Technique method was used.

The sharing economy: A new economic model

Subject. This article studies the principles of functioning of the sharing economy. Objectives. The article aims to analyze the phenomenon of the sharing economy, determine the advantages and disadvantages of this model, and assess the level of development of the sharing economy. Methods. For the study, we used general scientific methods of research. Results. The article says that the concept of the sharing economy is a logical stage in the development of the concept of sustainable development. It describes the main stages of development of the sharing economy model, their characteristic features, as well as the conditions for the formation and successful functioning of this economic model, its principles and shortcomings. Conclusions. Currently, there is a transformation of traditional approaches to the process of reproduction. The purpose of the sharing economy is to create conditions for increasing the availability and expanding the scope of application of goods and services with the obligatory reduction of the total costs of society arising in the process of production and consumption.

ПРО ЗМІСТ ДУХОВНОГО РОЗВИТКУ В СИСТЕМІ ДУХОВНО-ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛЬНОГО ВИХОВАННЯ ТА НАВЧАННЯ

The content of spiritual development in the system of spiritual and intellectual education and training is considered: its logical stages and tasks solved in the process of development through all stages until mastery in spiritual development, a certain professionalism is achieved

THE IMPORTANCE OF ACROBATIC TRAINING OF VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS IN DEFENSE

Introduction. Special acrobatic training of a volleyball player, an effective means of play, which develops speed, agility, determination and the ability to navigate well in space. These skills and qualities are vital for effective learning and practical use in the complex conditions of modern game. The purpose of the study is an science-based approach to improving and supplementing methods and tools of acrobatic training of volleyball players in the formation of automated skills. Methods: visual, statistical, operational and video statistical analysis; questionnaires; poll; observation; comparison. Results. Modern conditions of dynamics, sports progress and evolution of volleyball, involves the possession of special physical and volitional qualities, motor skills and abilities, techniques. Accordingly, it requires stepby- step long-term training with a focus on the prospect of high achievements. One of the important components of the game is the mastery of special technical skills, the ability to qualitatively and effectively master the specific techniques of "volleyball" acrobatics, not only to prevent sports injuries. Also, effectively implement the techniques of volleyball in extremely difficult game situations, materializing them into a positive result. The most important of the optimal training system for future high-class volleyball players is the timely use of acrobatic training for effective development and improvement of fall and rolling techniques, as well as logical sequential stages of the training process in training sessions and training. Originality. The scheme of analysis of determining the quality of technical and tactical actions of "defenders" in defense has been supplemented. The assessment and classification of systemic and non-systemic (accidental) errors of the game in defense has been developed. The main tasks of forming the individual technical and tactical readiness of the player in defense are determined. Conclusion. Providing a differential approach to the organization of the training process taking into account the level of physical development, anthropological and morphological data, motor skills and gender, volitional qualities, motives and interests in training acrobatic exercises specific to the improvement of volleyball.

Methodological basis for criminal procedure researches

Modern criminal procedure science contains many outstanding issues, both theoretical and methodological. To date, the methodology of criminal procedure research, and in general the whole of criminal procedure science, remains unrecognized. Most procedural scientists have little focus in research, both in the object and subject of the study, and in the methodological basis. The main difficulties are caused by incorrect understanding of the methodology of the study. The existing in the field work of criminal procedure confirms not only the narrow approach in the understanding of methodology, but also the error in the interpretation and application of scientific knowledge methods. This situation is mainly based on the lack of formalization of methods of criminal procedure science and limited intra-scientific reflection. In this regard, it is necessary to reassess established methodological values and traditions and to offer a reasoned view of the methodology of criminal procedure science. The article provides an idea of the methodology of science and undertakes a critical analysis of the methodological basis of research in criminal procedure science. As a result of the audit, the author’s proposals are formulated on the universal scheme of methodology and system of methods of criminal procedure study, as well as the logical stages of criminal procedure study. The author concludes that it is necessary to understand methodology as a way to obtain scientific knowledge, as a result of intrascientific reflection on the organization of their own scientific activities, the universality of popular and private scientific methods of research and their replenishment by criminal procedure science. In addition, the conclusion is made on the scientific nature of the criminal procedure field of knowledge. The proposals in the article may form the basis of further developments in the field of criminal proceedings and may also serve as recommendations in the formulation of the methodological basis for research.

МОДЕРНИЗАЦИЯ НАЛОГОВОГО КОНТРОЛЯ ПОД СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ТЕНДЕНЦИИ ЦИФРОВОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ

The article discusses the importance of tax control, its specification, as well as analytical intraorganizational approaches. The logical stages of development and features of modernization of tax control under the influence of digitalization are derived. A study of the development of law enforcement activities of tax authorities has been conducted. The actual problems of tax administration and tax control are identified, as well as ways to solve them are proposed.

V. SESEMAN’S “PURE KNOWLEDGE” CONCEPT

Although the concept of “pure knowledge” is one of the most interesting and singular concepts in the philosophical work of Vasily Seseman (1884-1963), it can only be presented after a comprehensive analysis of the philosopher’s numerous works devoted to ontological, epistemological and logical problems. Seseman believes that the main philosophical trends at the beginning of the twentieth century, namely neo-Kantianism, intuitionism and phenomenology, could not present this concept, although they did try. According to the philosopher, the main reason for the inability of neo-Kantianism, intuitionism and phenomenology to start talking about pure knowledge is their inability to assert the essential difference between objective and non-objective knowledge. Sesemann pays special attention when substantiating his concept of “pure knowledge” to the difference between his approach and that of the founder of modern phenomenology. The philosopher points out that even Husserl, who concentrated attention on the specifics of inner experience, puts this specific, in the end, in dependence on the process of cognition and reflection, completely ignoring its ontological foundations. While pure knowledge, according to Seseman, is neither non-objective, nor objective knowledge, nor non-objective, nor objective being, it, in fact, is non-knowledge and non-being. It is precisely this understanding by the philosopher of this phenomenon that allows him to characterize pure knowledge as premiseless and limitless and, in general, as free from any ontological or epistemological determinations. However, on the other hand, Sesemann insists that the phenomenon of pure knowledge has the meaning of not just a regulatory idea, an infinitely distant ideal, but also a real constitutive meaning, as a principle that reveals and determines the human striving for knowledge as an interconnected and necessary process that ascends from the onto-gnoseological stage of non-objective knowledge to the epistemological, and then the logical stage of objective knowledge.