"Harajuku" is a representative fashion of Japanese street culture, and it has constructed the image of Japanese pop culture. This research analyzes the historical background and cultural causes behind Harajuku fashion and explains the internal and external causes of the formation and development of Harajuku fashion in terms of historical and economic backgrounds. So, the research analyzes the cultural characteristics of Japanese society from the perspective of fashion, and further reveals the logical interactions and intrinsic connections between the cultural representations and value theories. Through relevant research, it is concluded that there is a circular logical relationship between fashion characteristics and the social phenomena as their causes behind them, and it is also proposed that the establishment and dissemination of national characteristic cultural images require the operation of branding mechanisms and the value support of cultural genes. Overall, this study logically constructs and analyzes Harajuku fashion characteristics and cultural concepts, explains the national characteristics and cultural values of Japanese society from the social phenomenon, combines relevant fashion and social theories, and provides insights and reflections on the innovation and construction of the national and local cultural image and brand discourse.