Logical Foundations Research Articles

The Architectonics of Hope: Fragments of Life and Text in Walter Benjamin and Hart Crane

Abstract This essay develops a comparative account of Walter Benjamin’s and Hart Crane’s architectonic metaphors for text, culture, and history. I argue that theorist and poet alike employ parallel conceptual frameworks that analogize the “building” of the text to the condensation and constellation of disjunctive historical materials, thereby resisting progressivist conceptions of literary and cultural tradition. I further highlight the ways in which, for both figures, experiences of built images are ever-mediated, in contrast to certain strains of extant scholarship that interpret Crane’s poetry and Benjamin’s philosophy as dependent on the fiction of immediate affective experience, as if sensory perception were not always-already conditioned by the mediating abstractions of cognition and memory. Motivated by the personal and political struggles both men faced as outcasts, their visions of the fragmented cityscape as imbued with a complex, compositional logic of form and history ground, at once, the possibility of textual communicability and the preservation and transmission of memory—personal, collective, historical, and cultural. It is by virtue of this shared formal-historical logic—and the faith in a better future persisting therein—that I develop and defend Benjamin’s and Crane’s “architectonics of hope.”

Exploring servitization and digital transformation of manufacturing enterprises: evidence from an industrial internet platform in China

Servitization is vital to manufacturing enterprises’ competitive advantages and financial performance in contemporary digitalisation environments. Enterprises are increasingly relying on industrial Internet platforms to satisfy potential customers’ needs as well as to create superior value, but the literature has neglected to explain how enterprises can leverage such digital platform to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of servitization. This study aims at describing how the industrial Internet platform can enable servitization of manufacturers. Based upon the meta-theoretical foundations of service-dominant logic, we identify the ‘sense and respond’ servitization strategy enabled by the industrial Internet platform. By performing a questionnaire survey, we find that the industrial Internet platform approach based on the connectivity and compatibility architecture can enable manufacturers to improve the efficiency of resource integration and resource reconfiguration, which facilitates the implementation of servitization via market perception . We argue that the industrial Internet platform affects an organisation’s ability to sense the market and resource management actions; these operational resource actions are a significant antecedent of the servitization strategy.

A meso-level exploration of citizen’s mGov adoption from SD logic perspective: the case of COVID-19 tracking app of India

PurposeThis study aims to explore the factors affecting the adoption of mGov apps using the theoretical foundations of service-dominant (SD) logic. The authors specifically explore the impact of resource distribution (infrastructure and knowledge) and environmental variables (health infrastructure) among the Indian states on the adoption of Aarogya Setu (the COVID-19 tracking app) by their citizens.Design/methodology/approachFor the meso-level study, the states of India are the unit of analysis. The authors have used secondary data published by the government and other reliable organizations. The study is based on 29 states of India and Delhi, a union territory and the capital of India. The authors conducted a regression and moderation analysis using SPSS and PROCESS macros on the collected secondary data.FindingsThe findings reveal that operand resources (state domestic productivity per capita and internet penetration rate) positively impact the adoption of the mGov app. The operant resource (literacy) and the environmental variable (health index) are, however, negatively affecting the adoption of the mGov app. On the other hand, another operant resource, digital literacy, was found to have no significant effect on the adoption of the mGov app. Further, the moderating variable, health index, is found to be moderating all the relationships except internet penetration and adoption of the mGov app.Originality/valueThe study is novel in two aspects. First, in using the theoretical foundation of SD logic to examine the factors impacting the adoption of mGov app. Second, it is a meso-level study, which is not a widely explored avenue in mGov research.

Use of logic for improving the higher-order thinking skills of student teachers

This paper is a report on the results of the intervention program designed for improving the higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) of Israeli Arab student teachers. The intervention program represents a series of webinars on the foundations of the Aristotelian logic, propositional logic, and some of the contemporary models of informal argumentation. Zoom application was used for the implementation of the webinars. This research project was designed as a pre-/post-test quantitative study with a qualitative component. A mixed-item questionnaire with two open-ended items was used to measure participants’ understanding of logical reasoning and argumentation. The results of the pilot showed good internal reliability of the scale (α<0.81). Tests of argumentation were performed to examine participants’ actual argumentation skills. The pre-intervention results indicated that many of the participants from both control and intervention groups had a vague understanding of logical reasoning and argumentation and weak argumentation competence. The post-intervention data suggested positive changes in the intervention group participants’ understanding of logical thinking and argumentation and an improvement in their actual argumentation skills. This study was planned as the first one in a series of studies aimed at using informal and formal logic to foster students’ HOTS.

Towards logical foundations for probabilistic computation

The overall purpose of the present work is to lay the foundations for a new approach to bridge logic and probabilistic computation. To this aim we introduce extensions of classical and intuitionistic propositional logic with counting quantifiers, that is, quantifiers that measure to which extent a formula is true. The resulting systems, called cCPL and iCPL, respectively, admit a natural semantics, based on the Borel σ-algebra of the Cantor space, together with a sound and complete proof system. Our main results consist in relating cCPL and iCPL with some central concepts in the study of probabilistic computation. On the one hand, the validity of cCPL-formulae in prenex form characterizes the corresponding level of Wagner's hierarchy of counting complexity classes, closely related to probabilistic complexity. On the other hand, proofs in iCPL correspond, in the sense of Curry and Howard, to typing derivations for a randomized extension of the λ-calculus, so that counting quantifiers reveal the probability of termination of the underlying probabilistic programs.

Prototyping Logic-Based AI Services with LogicUS

Currently, there is renewed interest in logic-related solutions for AI and Computer Science. The availability of software tools to support the realization of such studies (both as powerful and versatile prototyping tools and as teaching tools) has become a necessity. Intending to contribute to this field, we present a tool that allows the unification of different logic tasks, focused on Computer Logic but adaptable to the treatment in several subfields, contexts, and abstraction levels (LogicUS-LIB, LogicUS-NB, LogicUS-GUI). The tool provides a sound framework for two activity fields. On the one hand, in the topic of logic-based systems research, prototyping is facilitated in a relatively fast, simple, and highly adaptable way. On the other hand, in Education, by allowing the student to abstract from low-level execution of algorithms whilst preserving the conceptual structures and procedural methodologies underlying the logical foundations.

Logical Foundations for Reasoning in Cyber - Physical Systems

This paper aims at building the causal relations and event structures13 to study the complex and evolving cyber – physical systems with illustrations of the reasoning based on Robotics24 and Policy Analysis25 for Communication Systems. An empirical analysis points to the realism that network security is also a geometric theory with safety and authentication tending to geometric formulae that make the larger structures. Security is very much a matter of perception too. The proposed approach also factors the perceptual aspects of the human mind. This paper includes several interesting possibilities for using linear algebra, discrete mathematics, analysis, and topology in the domains such as economics, game theory, robotics and biology to mention a few.

Les sexuations, le féminin et la logique intuitionniste

ObjectivesWe propose a logical reflection on the feminine. In the Freudian corpus, this enigma finds various answers in which feminine desire can be interpreted from the phallic register's side. But, as a letter written to Marie Bonaparte testifies, Sigmund Freud belatedly concedes that he neglected a grey area of feminine desire, which caused him to fail to understand what women want. He calls this lack the dark continent. In this respect, Jacques Lacan took this reflexion a step further and, while considering the phallic dimension, he proposed additional theoretical elaborations such as the formulas of sexuation, which allowed him to theoretically extend Freudian ideas. MethodIn the Encore seminar, Lacan proposes the table of sexuation as an attempt to formalize the question of the difference of the sexes. This difference is questioned here at a symbolic level and through a logical approach. Lacan's formulas of sexuation thus overturn a simplistic and anatomical conception of sexual difference, by subverting a binary logic of the excluded third. In this way, these formulas meet the intuitionistic logic suggested by Luitzen Egbertus Jan Brouwer. Thus, based on a review of the Lacanian and Brouwerian literature, we question the interest of relying on intuitionism to apprehend the logic that operates on the feminine side of the formulas of sexuation. ResultsAt the beginning of the 20th century, Brouwer, a Dutch mathematician, initiated his work on intuitionist logic. In 1908, in “That Logical Principles Cannot be Trusted,” Brouwer partially rejected the classical axiom of the excluded third, thereby opposing the Aristotelian foundations of logic. He refused to extend the logic of the excluded third to the treatment of infinite sets, for which, according to him, no a priori can be postulated. A double logical treatment is suggested in intuitionism: the infinite is treated logically differently than the finite, and this double treatment allows us to apprehend certain specificities of the feminine position. Lacan specifies that for feminine subjects, an undecidable relation is at work between the not-all formula and a double negation ¬∃x.¬Φx. DiscussionThe logical double treatment of intuitionism seems to illustrate the discordant logic of the not-all. The not-all subject is in a discordant relation between the phallic function Φx and S (Ⱥ). The formula S (Ⱥ) expresses a certain relation to the lack in the Other that we associate with a castration carried out on the Other. Similarly, the different interpretations (algorithmic, semantic) that have been made of intuitionism also seem to point in the direction of a discordance in this logic. We are interested in the importance of the interpretation of the Real and its consequences on the way we consider the different Lacanian dimensions (Real, Symbolic, and Imaginary). Indeed, from a psychoanalytical point of view, the sustained interpretation seems to have consequences on the way one can conceive the articulation between the dimensions and the jouissances. This reflection also allows us to question the impact of considering the temporal dimension within an interpretation. ConclusionsBased upon the formulas of sexuation, we propose a reflection on the interest of intuitionist logic for approaching the logic of the feminine position. This position reflects a logic other than that of the excluded third in its relationship to castration. On the feminine side, Lacan puts forward an undecidable relation to castration, which leads us to question the meaning he gives to this term. In order to understand it, we have drawn on the two definitions of Verleugnung proposed by Freud, in which this negation corresponds either to the way of denying the difference between the sexes in the perverse structure, or to a singular negation of the neurosis that can be associated with the end of the cure. In both cases, the logic of these negations diverges from that of the excluded third, because in perversion, it relates to an affirmation of castration that is secondarily denied (yes but no) and in the case of the end of the cure, it is rather a concomitant consideration between affirmation and negation of symbolic castration (yes and no).

Корни, ствол и крона психологии деятельности

<p>The text is a review of the historical and theoretical book by E.E. Sokolova Psychology of activity: formation and prospects of development. The panorama of the ideas of the psychology of activity is reproduced based on the historical and logical foundations of the concept of activity in philosophy and psychology. These ideas are revealed in the context of the polylogue of scientists within the A.N. Leontiev school and its wide reference circle. Special attention is paid to the understanding of activity as casa sui as opposed to its mechanistic interpretation. The contradictions and paradoxes of activity are considered, through the fixation and resolution of which the way of thinking that characterizes the theory of A.N. Leontiev was formed.</p>

The impact of Philosophy and Critical Thinking as ‘Intellectual Immunity’ in Deterring Violence Thought

This research proposes philosophy as an intellectual immunity and a way to open up to others in order to prevent violence discussed. Therefore, the research is a serious philosophical attempt to discuss one of the dangerous issues that contemporary man suffers from, which is terrorism and violence extremism. The philosophical approach to this issue is analysis and criticism, and then the alternative available to it. Secondly, the research deals with the interpretation of the role of philosophy in how to deal with crises by presenting keyconcepts and ideas stemming from the great philosophers. The new interpretation that the researcher offers to philosophy is that philosophy is an intellectual and preventive deterrent to extremism and terrorism. In other words; Philosophical thinking is tantamount to digging up the wrong intellectual and logical foundations on which extremism and terrorism are based. By presenting the alternative, and the effort is not focused only on denouncing or rhetorically denouncing the issue. The research is an answer to the questions that are often asked: What is the role of philosophy in dealing with the crises that contemporary man is going through? Can critical philosophical thought be an intellectual and mental skill to reduce the effects of extremist thought or weaken the tendency toward extremism? Can the extremist person be intellectually deformed and mentally ill, or are there other things behind him? Through this question, the researcher goes deep into Greek philosophy, especially Stoicism, and defines philosophy through the role or function it plays in dealing with the problem of terrorism and extremism.

Weak set theories in foundational debates.

Perception of the relationship of the discipline of logic to other exact sciences changes with the years. No twentieth-century proposal for a single logical system that would support the whole of mathematics satisfied everyone, so weaker formal systems with applications in many different contexts are now sought, in mathematics, philosophy, computer science or elsewhere. As always, logicians help by asking such questions as 'Is this theory correct for the given context?' and 'Can it be used in other contexts?' The Introduction of this paper surveys the history of logic and its links to other scientific disciplines such as biology, economics, engineering and physics, and some details of current and future research projects are given. Then the very weak set theory PROVI is introduced and its support for the techniques of constructibility (Gödel 1935) and forcing (Cohen PJ 1963 The independence of the continuum hypothesis, I. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 50, 1143-1148. (doi:10.1073/pnas.50.6.1143)) is given in outline, full details being already in print. Relations with other known techniques are explored and developed. New results coming from the study of illfounded [Formula: see text]-models of PROVI and other systems are given; and new formal systems in the style of Quine (1937 Quine WV. 1936 Set-theoretic foundations for logic. J. Symb. Log. 1, 45-57. (doi:10.2307/2268548)) are described. This article is part of the theme issue 'Modern perspectives in Proof Theory'.

Outcome Logic: A Unifying Foundation for Correctness and Incorrectness Reasoning

Program logics for bug-finding (such as the recently introduced Incorrectness Logic) have framed correctness and incorrectness as dual concepts requiring different logical foundations. In this paper, we argue that a single unified theory can be used for both correctness and incorrectness reasoning. We present Outcome Logic (OL), a novel generalization of Hoare Logic that is both monadic (to capture computational effects) and monoidal (to reason about outcomes and reachability). OL expresses true positive bugs, while retaining correctness reasoning abilities as well. To formalize the applicability of OL to both correctness and incorrectness, we prove that any false OL specification can be disproven in OL itself. We also use our framework to reason about new types of incorrectness in nondeterministic and probabilistic programs. Given these advances, we advocate for OL as a new foundational theory of correctness and incorrectness.

The dual and emerging role of physical exercise-induced TFEB activation in the protection against Alzheimer's disease.

The mechanisms of autophagy have been related to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis by the endosomal-lysosomal system, having a critical function in forming amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques. Nevertheless, the exact mechanisms mediating disease pathogenesis remain unclear. The transcription factor EB (TFEB), a primary transcriptional autophagy regulator, improves gene expression, mediating lysosome function, autophagic flux, and autophagosome biogenesis. In this review, we present for the first time the hypothesis of how TFEB, autophagy, and mitochondrial function are interconnected in AD, providing a logical foundation for unraveling the critical role of chronic physical exercise in this process. Aerobic exercise training promotes Adiponectin Receptor 1 (AdipoR1)/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/TFEB axis activation in the brain of the AD animal model, which contributes to alleviated Aβ deposition and neuronal apoptosis while improving cognitive function. Moreover, TFEB upregulates Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF-2), improving mitochondrial biogenesis and redox status. In addition, tissue contraction activates calcineurin in skeletal muscle, which induces TFEB nuclear translocation, raising the hypothesis that the same would occur in the brain. Thus, a deep and comprehensive exploration of the TFEB could provide new directions and strategies for preventing AD. We conclude that chronic exercise can be an effective TFEB activator, inducing autophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis, representing a potential nonpharmacological strategy contributing to brain health.

Logique et Agon (1958)

“Logic and Agon” is the text of a lecture given in Rome in 1958 by the German philosopher and mathematician Paul Lorenzen. In this inaugural text are laid the foundations of the dialogic logic, which represents an alternative approach to the question of meaning and logical truth, based on a dynamic formalism. Through the enrichment of the standard approach to logic with original tools, it allows a philosophical explanation of the foundations of the concept of formal validity. Clément Lion proposes an unpublished French translation of this text as well as a presentation, in which he tries to show that the initial ambition of Paul Lorenzen was not so much to propose a new logical formalism as to question in principle any enterprise based on the use of such a formalism.

Exploring biblical and logical foundations for establishing a rigorous compatibility between divine sovereignty and human freedom

Throughout the history of Christian theology, the antinomy between, on the one hand, the divine will expressed through foreknowledge and predestination and, on the other hand, the human will expressed through limited knowledge and free choice, has been perpetuated. Since both of these wills claim their presence in the immanent order of everyday reality and the divine will is essentially sovereign, then to what extent does man have free will or freedom of choice? The answer to this question has divided theologians into different groups and theological rationalities. Some have brought to the fore the theory of predestination and the sovereignty of God, and others have invoked the compatibility of foreknowledge and human free will, developing theories that highlight human freedom. In this article, I will highlight two compatibilist theories, that of John Calvin and that of Luis de Molina. At the same time, I will show that, according to the fundamental principles of logic, contradiction and the excluded middle, Calvinism denotes a high view of God’s sovereignty and a low view of human liberty, whereas Molinism, a high view of creaturely freedom, but a low view of God’s sovereignty. Finally, I will propose, based on the biblical texts and the logic of included middle, evoked by the Romanian-French physicist, Basarab Nicolescu, the exploration of a rationality that gives rise to a high view of God’s sovereignty, as well as a high view of human freedom, creating the premise for the elaboration of a rigorous compatibilism.

Cross‐temporal grounding

AbstractCross‐temporal grounding is a type of grounding whereby present facts about the past (for example that Caesar was alive) are explained in terms of past facts (for example that Caesar is alive) rather than in terms of other present facts. This paper lays the foundations for a theory of cross‐temporal grounding. After introducing the general idea of a type of grounding connecting facts to past facts, we offer two arguments that past‐directed facts require cross‐temporal grounds—the ‘argument from intimacy’ and the ‘argument from past explanation’. We then go on to show that cross‐temporal grounding statements can be understood as instances of a type of explanation which is perfectly legitimate and intelligible, even if somewhat unusual. Finally, we explain how the logic of grounding can be extended to accommodate cross‐temporal grounding statements.

A Categorical Normalization Proof for the Modal Lambda-Calculus

We investigate a simply typed modal $\lambda$-calculus, $\lambda^{\to\square}$, due to Pfenning, Wong and Davies, where we define a well-typed term with respect to a context stack that captures the possible world semantics in a syntactic way. It provides logical foundation for multi-staged meta-programming. Our main contribution in this paper is a normalization by evaluation (NbE) algorithm for $\lambda^{\to\square}$ which we prove sound and complete. The NbE algorithm is a moderate extension to the standard presheaf model of simply typed $\lambda$-calculus. However, central to the model construction and the NbE algorithm is the observation of Kripke-style substitutions on context stacks which brings together two previously separate concepts, structural modal transformations on context stacks and substitutions for individual assumptions. Moreover, Kripke-style substitutions allow us to give a formulation for contextual types, which can represent open code in a meta-programming setting. Our work lays the foundation for extending the logical foundation by Pfenning, Wong, and Davies towards building a practical, dependently typed foundation for meta-programming.

Computing the fuzzy partition corresponding to the greatest fuzzy auto-bisimulation of a fuzzy graph-based structure under the Gödel semantics

The similarity measure based on fuzzy bisimulation has the Hennessy-Milner property as a strong logical foundation. It is useful for classification and clustering. In this work, we design an efficient algorithm with the complexity O((mlog⁡l+n)log⁡n) for computing the fuzzy partition corresponding to the greatest fuzzy auto-bisimulation of a finite fuzzy labeled graph G under the Gödel semantics, where n, m and l are the number of vertices, the number of non-zero edges and the number of different fuzzy degrees of edges of G, respectively. Our notion of fuzzy partition is novel, defined for finite sets with respect to the Gödel t-norm, with the aim to facilitate the computation of the greatest fuzzy auto-bisimulation. By using that algorithm, we also provide an algorithm with the complexity O(m⋅log⁡l⋅log⁡n+n2) for computing the greatest fuzzy bisimulation between two finite fuzzy labeled graphs under the Gödel semantics. This latter algorithm is better (has a lower complexity order) than the previously known algorithms for the considered problem. Our algorithms can be restated for other fuzzy graph-based structures such as fuzzy automata, fuzzy labeled transition systems, fuzzy Kripke models, fuzzy social networks and fuzzy interpretations in fuzzy description logics.

Contrary to T. Hirai, Ramsey’s Critiques of Keynes in 1922 and 1926 Were Completely Wrong

This paper covers Harai’s analysis, contained in his section, titled “Keynes as a philosopher”, of Keynes’s logical theory of probability. Harai spends too much of his time repeating Ramsey’s claims about having uncovered serious errors in the structure of Keynes’s relational propositional theory. .For 100 years, Keynes’s logical theory has been interpreted and misevaluated through the eyes of an ignorant 18 year old teenager. The result has been the proliferation and spread of what can be called the “Ramsey myth”.The “Ramsey myth” is that an 18 year old teenager appeared at Cambridge University in 1921.This 18 year old teenager was a genius who wrote a three page review in the Jan., 1922 issue of Cambridge Magazine, which supposedly destroyed, devastated and demolished the logical foundations of Keynes’s A Treatise on Probability, which was his relational, propositional logic founded on Boole’s relational, propositional logic. Russell countered this in his review, but was ignored (See Brady, 2016a). In 1931, it is further supposed that Keynes then capitulated to Ramsey and repudiated his own logical theory of probability, accepting some version of Ramsey’s subjectivist theory. This myth is what Hirai’s paper is based on. It was false in 1921 and it is false today in 2022.

Beyond the nexus family – business: introducing the family business service ecosystem

PurposeExtant family business research focuses on the understanding of value creation through the binary interactions between the family and its business (the family – business nexus). This article addresses this issue by expanding the understanding of value creation beyond the family-business nexus to that of value creation among a wider set of stakeholders (the family business service ecosystem). It recognizes the multi-faceted nature of family businesses and conceptualizes a value creation process through a broader scope of internal and external stakeholders.Design/methodology/approachThis research theoretically connects Business Model Innovation (BMI) and Service dominant logic (SDL) as foundations of an ecosystem approach of value creation established through collaboration, coproduction and co-creation based on Value in Use (ViU). The authors then present the FB Service Ecosystem BM.FindingsThis research generates an overarching model of value creation and integration that reflects and enacts the purpose of the family firm’s project through interactions with ad hoc internal and external actors as possible Third Avenue of value creation, transcending the family versus business paradox. Termed FB Service Ecosystem, this overarching model can be at the forefront of economic, ecological and societal transition, by tacitly transmitting such BMs through their networks of stakeholders. The FB Service Ecosystem is important because it can support the transition of economies and societies based on service, collaboration and meeting multiple stakeholder needs.Originality/valueThis research addresses the dichotomy between financial and non-financial outcomes and between agency and stewardship. It transcends this paradox to offer an inclusive value creation perspective considering a wider set of internal and external stakeholders based on reciprocal service provision and co-creation of mutual value, foundations of service dominant logic, among actors of a service ecosystem federated by and around the family business, termed Family Business Service Ecosystem.