Logical End Research Articles

Composting modernity

We have reached the logical end of modernity as it lays waste to the natural world, discards people, and reveals its inherent and thus continual violence. Withdrawing our energy from and breaking down the constellation of modern beliefs, we can repattern ourselves and our communities for a life-giving future. In its structure and content, this article demonstrates a relationality approach to sustainability and climate education that undertakes practices to emplace humans back within the living world. Indigenous philosophies of place as well as posthumanism offer relational notions of time, space, place, and land to consider. Pedagogy-rich, the article provides practices for: restoring the history of modernity as a decolonial counternarrative; composting the most problematic beliefs and practices of modernity; providing tracings of and for possible futures; deriving pedagogical entry points of relevance to learners; and nurturing ways of being that can build a rooted, more life-giving way of being.

Impact of the Russian–Ukrainian War on the National Economy of Russia

At the moment, the first phase of the military confrontation between Russia and Ukraine, which began in February 2022, is reaching its logical end: A certain front line has already been established and the economic state in which the countries are is becoming clearer. That is why the evaluation and forecasting of the military, economic and demographic impact of the war on other countries become relevant. This work examines what losses Russia received due to its actions. In the article, the authors examine the issue of the impact of the war in Ukraine on the Russian economy, as well as a retrospective forecast of the impact of Russia’s military operations on its national economy. Attention is focused on military and demographic aspects, as well as on the results of the impact of various types of sanctions. The main method that was used in the work can be considered modelling; however, in addition to it, analysis, historical method, graphic and others were also used. The practical results of the analysis showed that the government of the Russian Federation announced the transition to a command mobilisation economy, and today its first consequences are already visible in the form of rising prices and devaluation of the national currency. In addition, it was shown that despite the large number of sanctions imposed on Russia, the country has not yet felt the full consequences. The issue of how the defence economy of the Russian Federation is developing, how the military budget of Russia has changed over the past 11 years, and how the war in Ukraine affected the demographic situation has been examined. In the section on the impact of the war on the economy of the Russian Federation, it is shown that modernised production and industries will suffer the most from such actions, which will lead to a powerful technological lag. The article brings new knowledge for understanding the current functioning of the Russian economy and in the near future, as well as for making assessments of the possible future course of the war. JEL: H56, N4, J11, R11

Cosmologic Representations on the Late Antique Mosaics from Bulgaria

The article traces the cosmologic structure and its separate components, reflected on the Late Antique mosaic pavements from the ancient provinces of present-day Bulgaria. Distinguished are three basic historical periods of development. The observations reveal that these lands were receiving ready cosmogonic structure’s schemes after the act of cosmogony from the big artistic centers of Italy, Greece, Asia Minor and North Africa. For several reasons, the cosmologic structure and the components of the Late Antique mosaic pavements from Bulgaria are not full, but limited and adapted, with many missing figural representations in the mosaic pavements and the tomb wall paintings, differently to the Western and the Eastern Mediterranean. This is considered a kind of proto-iconoclasm, due to the influence of heresies and the concrete historical, religious and artistic development. The joyful picture of the Christian Universe changes and disintegrates after the Justinianic period, and the previous Order and Harmony, including the place of each sphere and cosmologic element, is already not fixed, but in free mixture with other figural and symbolic images. The old cosmologic picture comes to its logical end and is replaced by a new one after the beginning of 7th century.

Conrad, Lawrence, and the Sabotage and Salvage of Genre

Abstract This article considers Joseph Conrad's Nostromo and D. H. Lawrence's Women in Love as modernist reworkings of the industrial novels of the mid-nineteenth century, such as Elizabeth Gaskell's Mary Barton and Charles Dickens's Hard Times. Conrad and Lawrence, the article argues, rework the industrial-novel genre as a way to figure a crisis of British culture—and of the novel as a form. In the era of British imperial decline, the apparent massification and globalization of modern Western culture, and revolutionary changes in gender relations and family life, the synoptic historical narratives of Nostromo and Women in Love describe the transformation of the earlier promise of development into an apocalyptic present, and, in turn, the dissolution of the progressive assurance of the realist novel. While the nineteenth-century novels plead for reform and paternalistic care to moderate but protect the free market and liberalism, Nostromo and Women in Love narrate precisely the historical fulfillment of this wish—but, then, in turn, also narrate the end of that reformist logic and the triumph of a fully globalized and “perfected” capitalism, which they characterize as worse than the free-market capitalism that the earlier novels both criticize and celebrate. Drawing on Marxist-feminist theories of “social reproduction,” the article describes especially how the modernist novels imagine the family as a machine for maintaining and servicing capitalist production: the regeneration of the family—a trope so important to the resolution of plot in the realist novel—is now a sign of decay instead of resilience.

Palestinian Arabs as Co-Heirs of the Abrahamic Promise: Revisiting a Literal, Unconditional Interpretation

A majority of American evangelicals interpret God’s promise to give a certain land to Abraham’s descendants both literally and unconditionally (see Gen 12:2–3 and Gen 15). Because the promise is literal, Abraham’s living descendants are the rightful heirs of the promised land; because it is unconditional, this right belongs to Abraham’s biological descendants regardless of their behavior, beliefs, or other changeable factors. Evangelicals who support Israel as a Jewish nation-state do so largely in response to this way of reading the biblical Abrahamic promise. Meanwhile, others express alarm at what this implies for Arabs who live there, as well as for those who have been compelled to leave. The result is an impasse in Christian political posture toward the role of Arabs in the modern state of Israel, seemingly with no hope of resolution apart from a seismic shift in approaches to biblical hermeneutics. This article argues, however, that even a literal, unconditional reading of the Abrahamic promise, when followed to its logical end, leads necessarily to the welcoming of modern Arabs in the promised land. Without minimizing the importance of hermeneutical differences among Christians, the article shows that these do not need to be resolved before an unqualified advocacy for the welcoming of Arabs, both in Israel and elsewhere, can become standard among all Christians.

Study on use of recycled bitumen in bituminous concrete mix

Urban planning and better infrastructure facilities is need of hour in developing countries including India. In quest of achieving inclusiveness and equity many suitable strategies for envisaging robust urban ecosystem is proposed for meeting logical ends. In this respect, despite benefits envisaged through robust urban planning and infrastructure development for augmenting growth and development yet challenge faced in terms of poor handling of demolished pavements during road construction and rehabilitation presents not only serious environmental challenges but also lessens growth potential. Therefore, the alternative solution towards emerging challenge in this sector could be reusing of demolished materials by recycling in a proper manner. The solution though is in nascent stage in India, yet it’s effective mobilization will play a pivotal role in not only achieving intended goals but also syncing environmental sustainability with economic growth and development. Thus, my present study involves recycling of existing asphalt pavement materials of a dismantled road.

On the explanatory adequacy of the Hindutva-as-Brahmanical model

One of the most significant and confounding anomalies facing experts and commentators is the Hindutva movement’s popularity amongst Dalit and OBC voters. If the Hindutva movement is Brahmanical, how can it be the choice of those it seeks to oppress? This article examines this conundrum. It addresses three central arguments in claims that the movement is Brahmanical, showing how these are based on arbitrary, incomplete data (such as the claim that the Sangh Parivar is against caste-based reservations), or hide conceptual contradictions (such as the argument that the Sangh’s opposition to proselytization is casteist). Furthermore, taken to their logical end, explanations for the movement’s success amongst Dalit and OBC groups raise fundamental questions for/contradictions to the received view on the caste system. This article concludes that describing the Hindutva movement as Brahmanical raises many questions for the received view on the caste system without furthering our understanding of the movement in any way.

Alternative Options for Puerto Rico’s Political Status: Comparative Analysis and Perspectives

The problem surrounding Puerto Rico’s political status had existed in the United States for decades. During this time, congressmen proposed 12 bills. Most of them remained at the first stage of consideration, indicating their priorities regarding Puerto Rico. The current 118th Congress is considering a bill that would provide three alternatives to the island's political status. The article analyzes this bill, highlights the fundamental features of alternative options and determines the prospects for their adoption. The article also proves that granting statehood to Puerto Rico is the most logical end to a long-term problematic situation.

French missing object constructions

This paper discusses a class of French à-infinitival constructions, where the missing direct object corresponds to an external argument, either being the antecedent noun in an attributive use, or else a raised argument in a subject or object predication or in the tough construction.  We investigate the internal and external properties of these constructions and show that (i) the construction displays passive-like properties and (ii) control and raising verbs may intervene between the marker à and the missing object verb, as shown on the basis of a corpus study. We observe that while the construction as a whole behaves like a passive where the erstwhile logical object ends up being promoted to external argument, the logical subject is still accessible for control, both from within the à-infinitive and from outside. Building on Grover (1995), we analyse these double subjects by way of a two-step passivisation, where the direct object valency is lexically promoted to subject without concomitant subject demotion. Raising of the missing object as a secondary subject will make it available on the marker à, which finally promotes it to external argument, thereby completing the passivisation effect. The present analysis thus captures the full set of à-infinitival missing object constructions in a unified fashion, capturing its passive-like properties and the extended domain of locality.

Ernest's Way: An International Journey Through Hemingway's Life by Cristen Hemingway Jaynes

Reviewed by: Ernest's Way: An International Journey Through Hemingway's Life by Cristen Hemingway Jaynes Hilary K. Justice Ernest's Way: An International Journey Through Hemingway's Life. By Cristen Hemingway Jaynes. Pegasus Books, 2019. 224 pp. Hardcover $27.95. Anyone who has ever used A Moveable Feast as a guide-book to Paris (for journeys either real or imagined) will recognize the impulse behind Cristen Hemingway Jaynes's Ernest's Way: An International Journey Through Hemingway's Life: to follow in her great-grandfather's literal footsteps to see the places he lived, worked, and traveled, the places that inspired his work. Part biography, part literary travel guide, with occasional, fleeting wisps of personal memoir, Jaynes's book offers readers a more complete list of specific locations that figure in Hemingway's life and writing than can be found in any but the most detailed biographies. Ernest Hemingway poses three central challenges to any would-be biographer in any medium. One, obviously, is the breadth and scope of his lived life and the vastness of available archives; preparing any sort of Hemingway biography is daunting before one even embarks. Another more subtle but no less daunting challenge lurks in the intricate connections between the writer's life and his works, which are all in some way crafted and thus, as he says of memory, "never true" (DIA 100), (but never really false, either). And then there is a thorny, practical problem: how to resolve tensions between multiple competing chronologies (private life and professional oeuvre), doing justice to both without completely confusing one's audience. Hemingway's life and works tantalizingly suggest a nearly perfect overall pattern in which he writes the experiences of his previous location in his next location. But the best-laid organizational plan this pattern suggests tangles horribly and almost instantly as soon as one remembers that A Farewell to Arms comes after The Sun Also Rises (never mind the even greater tangle posed by the posthumous works which await one toward the end). Biographers almost universally choose to privilege traditional chronology, subordinating his works to his life, but when dealing with a subject whose writing is why there is a market for biographies at all, every biographer feels very keenly the path not taken. Hemingway's passionate relationship with Place offers a way to tame the challenges his writing poses to straightforward chronology, thereby minimizing (or hoping to minimize) the sacrifices that every project of such scope inevitably requires. In Ernest's Way, Jaynes pushes this opportunity to its logical end, subordinating chronology entirely to place. Beginning with "In the [End Page 143] Woods I: Oak Park, Michigan, and Chicago" and ending in "In the Woods II: Ketchum and Sun Valley," chapters present the itinerary promised by their titles. (Jaynes mentions Hemingway's travels to Africa and Asia only briefly; neither region receives full chapter treatment.) Within each chapter, Jaynes provides a chronological narrative of Hemingway's life in (as often, visits to) many of the places that were important to him as person, writer, or both, sometimes covering decades in a very few pages. Readers fascinated by, for instance, Hemingway's nearly life-long love affair with Spain will welcome Jaynes's having taken on the tremendous task of sifting biography, fiction, letters, and sometimes family anecdotes into a single, neatly compressed chapter. As one progresses through Ernest's Way from "Woods I: Oak Park, Chicago, and Michigan" through "Milan and Veneto," "Toronto," and "Paris," Jaynes leads one to expect that the book will proceed in the order of Hemingway's first experiences with each place. However, Jaynes diverges from this pattern almost as soon as it is established. Readers already familiar with Hemingway's biography will probably wonder why the "Madrid" chapter (which treats Spain as a whole) follows "Bimini" rather than preceding "Cayo Hueso" (the Key West chapter). And even given the necessarily montaged internal chapter structures (in which Hemingway can divorce and remarry three times in the white space between adjacent paragraphs), the effect of finishing one chapter that ends with Martha Gellhorn and, one page-turn later, finding oneself in 1923, en route to Spain with Hadley, can be...

The Tangut Manuscript <i>The First [Shamanistic] Ritual</i> from IOM, RAS Collection. Textual Research and Translation

The Tangut manuscript Танг 1621 is recorded evidence of the Tangut shamanistic tradition that existed in the Xixia state, but had originated from the religious beliefs of the Tanguts ancestors. This text was discovered among unidentified Tangut texts in the process of cataloguing work. Prior to this this discovery, we came across some indirect references to Tangut shamanism in various sources such as historical documents (The Tangut Codex), ritual or religious text fragments. Most likely, the text in question is an original Tangut text that had originally existed in verbal tradition and was later recorded. Structurally, it consists of 14-syllable verses, including archaisms, unclear metaphors and symbolism. It is a complete manuscript with a title, a short preface, and a logical ending. The titles translation can be only interpreted tentatively, as it literally means The Origin of [Religious] Ecstasy (Russian kamlaniye). However, I guess that to translate the Tangut word 影 as [religious] ecstasy would not be entirely correct in this case, because we find in this text a description of a shamanistic ritual that includes kamlaniye only as its part. The main goal of the rite described here is to defend the world of living beings from the disasters that astral spirits visit on some tribes or ethnic groups for being neglectful of the rules of sacrificial rites or for damaging sacred items. Therefore, this ritual, when it was performed for the first time, was aimed at procuring Heavens support for people. On can assume that, once performed, this rite had laid the foundation for a ritual tradition that preserved the wealth and stability of the community that observed it, and later it became the most basic, principal ritual of the state. I can also assume that it was this archetypal rite that emperor Yuanhao performed as he proclaimed himself emperor of the Xixia State. I should add that the above-mentioned linguistic traits pose a serious challenge to the textual research into this sourcefirst of all, to its proper translation. That is why this study is only a preliminary one. The main goal of interpreting this text is to determine the place of the Tangut shamanistic tradition within the context of the long-time scholarly definition of such religious beliefs.

Young Turk Revolution’s Influence on the National Liberation Movement of the Kazakh Intellectuals

The article deals with the formation of the Young Turk movement, which at the end of its path was able to overthrow Sultan Abdul Hamid II, and its influence on the national liberation movement of the Kazakh intellectuals. Although most studies of the Young Turks, their leaders, adherents, and philosophy are based on secondary sources, memoirs, periodicals, and newspapers should not be overlooked. Economic challenges and modernizing processes that occurred in the Ottoman Empire in the middle of the 19th century contributed to the people’s political and cultural awakening. Because of the empire’s declining influence because of military setbacks, the concepts of “nation” and “pan-Turkism” began to arise. The Young Turks were the political heirs of the “new Ottomans” at the end of the 19th century. Their resistance was founded on a distinct interpretation of the term “nationalism”. Young Turks mostly came from France and other European countries where they received their education. As a result, they were impacted by Western scientific, cultural, and lifestyle standards. Westernization, “pan-Turkism”, and modernization were the three pillars of their political agenda. The Young Turk movement came to a logical end in July 1908, when they asked that Sultan Abdul Hamid II reinstate the constitution, which he had destroyed in 1876, and assemble a parliament 32 years after it was established. Following it, the country’s political life became more intense, and different reforms began to be implemented, yielding some favorable consequences. Their experience and influence inspired the Kazakh intellectuals to fight for national liberation.

The Problem of Positive and Destructive Freedom: The Interpretation of the Arkady Svidrigailov Image

This article examines the problem of the relationship between freedom and self-will on the example of one of the heroes of Dostoevskys novel Crime and Punishment . Attention is focused not only on the canonical text of the novel, but also on the preparatory materials for it. The task is to identify the connection between the above named problem and the suicide problem of Arkady Ivanovich Svidrigailov. The thesis is put forward that for Dostoevskys heroes, self-will often becomes a fetter for their own nature and their own passions. With the help of debauchery, Svidrigailov tries to assert himself, giving his soul to the mercy of willfulness. There is a certain pattern in the fact that such a worldview logical chain ends with the tragic act of suicide. Arkady Ivanovich adores comfort, and therefore, in accordance with his own logic, his murder by Dunya, which did not happen, can be considered, among other things, as an attempt of a comfortable method of suicide. In the preparatory materials for the novel, Svidrigailov protests against cowardly meanness and puts suicide above such a humiliating state, although he understands the entire flaw in such a situation. For all the complexities the problem of freedom and self-will - one of the leitmotifs of religious and philosophical themes in the writers work - Dostoevsky does not see its formal, external solution.

Toward the Idea of a Character: Kant, Hegel, and the End of Logic

Abstract In the prime years of Hegel’s philosophical career, Prussia made progressive reforms to childhood education. Hegel had long supported reform. In his early Stuttgart Gymnasium Validictory Address (1788), he had advocated for a public interest in widespread public education as a means for developing the children’s potential. Like Wilhelm von Humboldt, Hegel believed in education’s power to promote individual development (Bildung) as a path of freedom, which is achieved largely by expanding children’s linguistic capacity since language, as Humboldt understands it, is the formative organ of thought (bildende Organ des Gedankens). By combining Humboldt’s insights (especially his discussion of the power of Sanskrit) with themes in Hegel’s Science of Logic, I will demonstrate that the mind’s power to make judgments is a forward movement that can be arrested by epistemic injustice. Humboldt’s reflections on linguistic flowering and the factors that might impede it can help us understand epistemic injustice as an interference in linguistic cognitive mediation (Vermittlung).

A model of interaction in the digital age and post-modernism

Communications mediated by digital devices acquire moral, ethical and axiological significance. It is necessary to find out how live human communication is being transformed into the digital age. What communication model is typical for our time? Is culture being deconstructed or does it still retain the honorable right to generate meanings? Postmodern philosophy as a methodological principle can be applied to study the processes of transformation of the communication and technological landscape of our time. Modern culture can be described as mosaic. Like hypertext systems, it does not have a center-forming principle. In conditions of information redundancy, we are doomed to a constant search for values. Maybe in order to comprehend the meaning, we need to bring the process of disintegration of the text to its logical end, disassemble and reassemble it. Having designated the "absence" of strict meanings, come to a unified view of the world. Key words: text, hypertext, culture, postmodernism, communication

Editorial Commentary

Editorial Commentary

A new direction for phytosanitary risk management

The first century of phytosanitary risk management relied on trade restrictive fixed-point mitigation aimed at preventing entry of pests at the port-of-entry. The SPS Agreement in 1994 accelerated the evolution of trade liberalization through risk management with its risk orientation that lead to the IPPC's system approaches. System approaches have shown the promise of safe trade through an expanded continuum of risk management measures. The logical end state for stakeholders to international trade in plant and plant products is an integrated-holistic approach. This would include integrating the three current risk management silos (importers, NPPOs, exporters) across the entire supply chain and considering the effectiveness of all risk management measures taken, at any point in the supply chain whether voluntary or required. This will expand the risk manager's toolbox significantly, providing finer levels of granularity of control of invasive pests, and expanded trade at reduced costs. It will also require rather revolutionary collaboration between government and industry.

ASPECTS OF LEXICAL AND STYLISTIC CHANGES IN CRISIS

This study aims at exploring linguistic changes in periods of crisis. We feel that great linguistic changes will appear due to the wide spread of the fatal diseases that affect human beings existence on this earth. To fight the disease people should raise their awareness of the disease through language as a linguistic media that helps them to some extent building defenses against the disease. This linguistic shift will be followed with some modifications on the existing form of language either by coining new lexicons or reformulating new terms with new concepts and values. On the stylistic matters some changes are also expected to let people express themselves either socially or economically. The interest of this study will be directed to changes in lexical usage or changes of stylistic issues of the crisis under investigation, namely in this present study the pandemic of Corona Virus that is commonly known as Covid 19. The study will be a qualitative survey of the changes that this disease has led to. The related theoretical framework and literature will be outlined as guidelines for this study. Its importance, methodology and the procedures will also be stated to show the techniques of data collection in order to obtain the main results and the discussion, then finally a summary of the main findings, recommendations and suggestions for further future studies will bring the paper to its logical end.

Digitalization of Bangladesh Judiciary and Access to Justice

The vision of ‘Digital Bangladesh’ as articulated by the present government of Bangladesh is inseparably related to establishing the delivery of justice to the citizens through maximum use of technology. Judiciary, being the one of three main organs of the government, is the key governance and rule of law institution. Independence of Judiciary is ensured in the Constitution of Bangladesh to ensure access to justice for all. Information and communication technologies (ICTs) are today considered to be an indispensable tool for both case management and efficient delivery of judicial services. Much like other developing and transitional countries, the judicial system in Bangladesh faces the same constraints and bottlenecks. More than 3 million pending cases have created a high backlog in the judiciary. Consequently, the cases take an inordinately long time to reach their logical end and litigation costs keep on mounting. The vulnerable and marginalized sections of society suffer the most. Perhaps the biggest challenge for the judiciary in the country is to reduce the delay in the court process and remove the backlog of cases. The pragmatic step to E-judiciary is inevitable to integrate the existing efforts and to digitalize the judiciary of Bangladesh aiming at reducing citizens’ time, cost, and hassle to access judicial services and to make the system more efficient and transparent. E-judiciary, a whole tech-based judicial system, may bring a radical change in the field of the administration of justice. This paper identifies the nexus between access to justice and digitalization, analyzes the current pattern of administration of justice, and upholds the loopholes of the traditional justice delivery system and core necessity of E-judiciary. Finally, it concludes with challenges and a way out for a digitalized judiciary to accelerate access to justice for mass people.

Judges

Judges